Athens & Sparta

INTRODUCTION 1.0 MAPBOARD Athens & Sparta is a strategic game on the war 1.1 CITIES fought from 431 BC to 404 BC between the two greatest powers of Ancient Greece. Playing Cities are shown either as hexagons (walled) or time is typically 2-3 hours. circles (unwalled). • Blue cities are friendly to the Athenian GAME TURNS player, unless occupied by Sparta. The game is played in a series of Olympiads. • Red cities are friendly to the Spartan player, Each Olympiad involves six (6) Game Turns. unless occupied by Athens. Between Olympiads, players determine if • Green cities are neutral (9.5). either player has won. If not, continue into • Orange cities are Persian (9.3). another Olympiad. • Black cities have no significance other than Marathon which indicates which side of the [1] CARD PHASE strait blocks are located (4.2). Fog-of-War The game has 25 cards. To start each 1.2 CITY VALUES Olympiad, the cards are shuffled and six (6) Blocks generally stand upright facing the are dealt face-down to each player. Each Game Major cities have values from 1-4 points. There owner. This promotes bluff and innovative Turn, both players play one card face-down. are 48 points on the map. The object for either strategies because players are uncertain of the strength or identity of an enemy block The cards are then revealed. The player with player is to control major cities worth 30+ the higher card is Player 1 that Game Turn. The points or occupy the enemy main city (SPARTA Game Scale Spartan is Player 1 on ties. or ATHENS). Minor cities have no point value. The map scale is approximately thirty (30) Event cards have the highest priority. They 1.3 PORTS miles per hex. Each block is about 1000 infantry per step, or 20 ships per step. have a special action that is played before any moves on that card (4.6). Cities located on a coastline are ports. However the cities of ELIS, MESSENE, SPARTA, Battle Sites The main battle sites of the period are [2] PLAYER 1 TURN STRATUS, and THEBES are non-port cities. shown on the map for interest, red for • MOVE PHASE (4.0): Card values are the 1.4 ORACLES Spartan victories and blue for Athenian. number of Move Points (MPs) allowed for Naval victories are distinguished from land the turn. Each MP allows: DELOS and DELPHI are inviolate hexes. Both victories.

1 Operation Move (4.4), or sides may occupy, retreat to, or traverse an Oracle hex, even if occupied by the enemy, Starting City Points 1 Strategic Move (4.5), or Athenian cities total 20 points, Sparta has 1 Revolt Step (7.0). but no combat can occur. Blocks starting their turn in an Oracle hex can never attack enemy 18 points, and 10 points are neutral. • COMBAT PHASE (5.0): Combat occurs when Athens starts play with 19 points because hexes/blocks that turn. opposing blocks are in the same hex. In a POTIDAEA is under Spartan control. sequence chosen by the Active Player, each 1.5 STRAITS Neither side counts besieged or combat is resolved for a hex before moving blockaded city points. onto the next. Defending blocks can avoid Blue arrows identify hexes containing a narrow Corinth Diolkos combat by withdrawing into a walled city waterway. These hexes have special rules (4.3). Poseidon, God of the Sea, opposed the and accepting siege. Combat is then 1.6 CORINTH DIOLKOS building of a canal, but allowed ships to optional at the discretion of the Active be portaged across the narrow neck of Player who can attack or pass. Navies located in CORINTH at the start of a land from the Gulf of Corinth to the • SIEGE ATTRITION (6.0): After all combat is Player Turn may depart either side. Saronic Gulf. The ships were carried on a resolved, the Active Player will roll Siege low wagon pulled by oxen along a stone 1.7 TWO COASTS Attrition for all friendly blocks in siege and path known as the Diolkos. The four-mile blockade Several hexes have two unconnected coasts, journey took 8-12 hours.

especially on the island of Euboea. Navies [3] PLAYER 2 TURN Two Coasts Example cannot cross from one coast to the other. CHALCIS cannot be attacked by sea on its Player 2 resolves their own move and combat Blocks are always on the coast where the city east coast – the city is located on the west phases. This ends the Game Turn. EMNOS is located. An attack on that city by sea must coast of Euboea. A navy in L cannot attack CHALCIS since this is a 6-hex access that coast. CORINTH is an exception. [4] VICTORY & BUILDING move via the CARYSTUS and MARATHON This city can be attacked from both coasts, and hexes. If this is the last Game Turn of an Olympiad, do all defending ships fight all attacking ships. a Victory Check (10.0). If neither player has 1.8 MOUNTAINS & PASSES won, proceed to a Replacement Phase (8.0) and then begin the next Olympiad with a new Mountain hexes, determined by the terrain at Card Phase. its center, can only be entered or exited via Map Errata clear hex-sides or passes. Mountain hex-sides The minor (unwalled) blue port of are impassible and army blocks must stop after HALICARNASSUS should be added in the entering (see Terrain Effects Table). hex south of MILETUS at the north end of the straits symbol.

2.0 ARMIES 2.2 BLOCK TYPES The First Peloponnesian War Athens & Sparta covers the Second The blocks represent Athenian (blue) and 2.21 Hoplites Peloponnesian War. The First Spartan (red) forces and their respective allies. Heavily armored infantry Peloponnesian War, fought 460-445 BC by bearing a long spear, heavy the same powers, ended with a “Thirty The blocks add surprise and secrecy to the shield, and sword. They Year Peace”. But after an uneasy truce of game; when standing upright, type and mostly fought in a tight 14 years, urged on by CORINTH and strength is hidden from the opponent. THEBES, Sparta again decided to curb the formation called a phalanx. Spartan hoplites Athenian Empire. 2.1 BLOCK DATA have the highest combat ratings. Each step is 1000 men. POTIDAEA Blocks have numbers and symbols defining Founded as a colony of CORINTH, movement and combat abilities. 2.22 Peltasts POTIDAEA came under Athenian control as A variety of light missile a member of the Delian League. CORINTH 2.11 Strength troops, including javelin, sought to recover her colony in 432, occupying the city, provoking the war. The current strength of a block is the number archers, and slingers. They proved effective for pursuit The game starts with POTIDAEA under of diamonds on the top edge when the block is siege and blockade by Athenian forces. and pillaging and became more numerous than standing upright. Strength determines how POTIDAEA is located on the Gulf of Therma many six-sided dice are rolled for a block in hoplites as the war progressed. Each step is and has no access to the Gulf of Torona. combat. A block at strength 4 rolls four six- 1000 men. The Olympic Calendar sided dice; a block at strength 1 rolls one six- 2.23 Cavalry Pericles had no idea it was 431 BC when sided die. Horses required extensive the war started, nor did Lysander know it Blocks vary in maximum strength. Some blocks pasture, available mostly in was 404 BC when it ended. These are “Before Christ” dates on our Julian, solar have four steps, some three steps, some two Euboea, Boeotia, and Thessaly. Greek horses were calendar. Greek city states had their own steps. For each hit taken in combat, strength is lunar calendars, many with unique names reduced one step by rotating the block 90 really ponies 13 to 14 hands high, and the for months and days. There was, however, degrees counter-clockwise. The sidebar shows riders were lightly armed with a spear, javelins, one calendar on which all Greeks agreed, a block at strength 1, 2, and 3. and a curved sword. Cavalry were effective for one that tracked the Olympic Games pursuit and harrying. Each step is 400 men. beginning in 756 BC. On this calendar, 2.12 Combat Rating Olympiads were counted every four years. NOTE: The term army or armies refers to the The combat rating is indicated by a letter and land blocks hoplites, peltasts, and cavalry. Olympic Games were held in 432 (83rd number, such as A1 or B2. The letter Olympiad), and every four years during determines when a block attacks. All A blocks 2.24 Navies the war. The city state of ELIS managed attack first, then all B blocks, then all C blocks. Oar and sail powered and judged the games. Sparta was banned from the 420 games for violating the The number indicates the maximum roll that triremes that all navies used at the time. Each ship carried “sacred truce”. In Olympic calendar terms, will score a hit. the war began in 1/84 and ended in 4/89. 160 rowers, 20 sailors, and 20 EXAMPLE: a block rated B1 only scores a hit hoplites or peltasts. Each step is 20 triremes. for each 1 rolled, but a block rated B3 scores Athenian navies have higher combat ratings. one hit for each 1, 2, or 3 rolled. 3.0 DEPLOYMENT 2.13 Move Limit STEP REDUCTION Set up blocks on their home city at maximum A block’s move limit indicates how many strength. The following blocks are not hexes it may move. Blocks can always move deployed and make up the players less hexes than this limit. Replacement Pool: 2.14 Home City • All RESERVE Blocks • DEMOS/HELOTS/TYRANTS Strength 3 Strength 2 Strength 1 The city state where the block originates is its • Spartan navies CHIOS, MYTILENE, CORCYRA home city. New blocks must be deployed at and RHODES (all have blue stars). their home city, except RESERVE blocks which may be deployed in any major city. Existing NOTE: POTIDAEA is controlled by Sparta but blocks can be reinforced at any major or minor besieged and blockaded by Athens. city (8.2). 3.1 NEUTRALS Neutral cities (9.5) and blocks are green. The blocks are kept off-map and enter play only if their city is attacked or becomes an ally of one player. Both players

may command green blocks, but they will face in opposite directions.

4.0 MOVE PHASE 4.4 OPERATION MOVES TERRAIN EFFECTS Players are not compelled to move. They may Operation moves apply to both armies and TERRAIN STACK HEX-SIDE navies. For 1 MP, one block can move up to its expend all MPs on Revolts (7.0) or do nothing. Clear 41 2 Blocks can move only once per Player Turn, Move Limit in hexes: Strait 4 2 / 12 except to retreat or regroup. Hoplite: 3 hexes Pass - 1 Peltast: 4 hexes 4.1 TERRAIN LIMITS Mountain3 2 04 Navy: 4 hexes Terrain affects how many blocks of each player Cavalry: 5 hexes Rivers No Effect can stack in one hex, and how many can attack 1. ATHENS is Stack 6 (maximum 4 armies). through each land hex-side. These effects are EXAMPLE: Assuming 3 MP, a player can 2. Attack Limit 1 across the strait. noted on the Terrain Effects Table (sidebar). move a total of three blocks. These can all 3. Stop when entering. be in one hex or in multiple hexes. The 4. Mountain hex-sides are impassible. NOTE: Stacking Limits are ignored when A playable mountain hex requires at least Spartan player might, for example, move 2 one clear hex-side or pass to enter. moving. Hex-side Limits are ignored unless hoplites from SPARTA to CORINTH and 1 navy attacking or retreating. from GYTHEUM to ATHENS. Mulligan Armies cannot cross water except where a Blocks may pass freely through friendly blocks A hand that totals less than 10 MPs (including Event Cards) constitutes a Strait is shown (4.3), or by Sea Move (4.52). but must stop and combat when they enter any Navies cannot cross land hex-sides (but see 1.6 “mulligan”. A player dealt such a hand hex containing enemy block(s) not under siege may show the cards and request a re-deal, Corinth Diolkos). or blockade (but see 4.3 Straits Movement). one per Olympiad. The opponent may keep his cards or not. 4.2 HEX CONTROL Navies stack with armies in coastal hexes and are included in stacking and siege limits. Neutral hexes have green cities. Friendly hexes Operation Movement Navies can fight in any coastal hex but must To preserve “fog-of-war” blocks stop contain a friendly city or are occupied only by end their Combat Phase on a friendly port or enemy movement regardless of type. friendly blocks. Enemy hexes are those friendly on blockade by retreat or regrouping. Hence, navies stop army movement and to the enemy. Contested hexes contain the vice-versa. Group and Muster moves do blocks of both players and vacant hexes none. 4.5 STRATEGIC MOVES not exist in this game. Each move applies to one block, not one group. Sieges and blockades modify control. A One strategic move costs 1 MP. There are two besieged hex is friendly to the besieger for types of strategic move: Straits land movement and a blockaded hex is Several straits hexes are tricky to evaluate, friendly to the blockading player for sea 4.51 March Move the following examples will help: movement (sea control). Hence, an enemy Armies move up to double their normal move. NAUPACTUS: Armies entering an army cannot move through a besieged land Movement through neutral or vacant hexes is enemy-occupied NAUPACTUS from hex nor an enemy navy through a blockaded allowed, but March Moves must end in friendly SICYON, can stop and fight (with Attack sea hex. Limit 1) or move through to PATRAE. hexes. IMPORTANT: Control changes at the end of ABYDOS: Armies entering an enemy- 4.52 Sea Move each Phase. Hence, players cannot move occupied ABYDOS from CARDIA, can into or through a hex and claim the hex as Navies or armies may move up to 8 hexes stop and fight (Attack Limit 1) or move friendly for further moves in the same Phase. (double Navies movement) from one friendly through to ELAEUS (Attack Limit 2). port to any other friendly port. 4.3 STRAITS MOVEMENT EPHESUS: Armies can attack SAMOS from EPHESUS (Attack Limit 1) or move Strategic Movement can never be used to Straits have special movement and combat to NOTIUM or MILETUS (Attack Limit 2). move to/from a siege or blockade, or to enter rules. Blocks located in a straits hex control the Blocks from SAMOS must stop in vacant or traverse enemy hexes. A block may never entire hex but are located on the city side of EPHESUS (they crossed the strait). move by land and sea in the same Player Turn. Blocks from NOTIUM can move through the straits. Armies entering a vacant straits hex a vacant EPHESUS to MILETUS but must stop only if the straits are crossed. Vacant 4.6 EVENT CARDS cannot cross the strait to SAMOS straits have no effect on moving navies. All cards show some number of MPs. Some without first stopping in EPHESUS. Blocks which attack across a strait, either in the cards also have a written event which is played Strategic Movement target hex or an adjacent hex they moved from before any normal moves on that card. Event Strategic sea moves allow any blocks to or through, have an attack limit of 1. cards have the higher priority for determining quickly move, provided the destination is the sequence of Player Turns. Some events a friendly port and they do not pass If the defender of a straits hex has sea control affect both players. through enemy hexes. Strategic movement (4.2), attacking armies cannot cross to fight or to/from sieges or blockades is prohibited. retreat until the defending navy is eliminated, EXAMPLE: One player plays a “5” and the Earthquakes retreats, or withdraws. other plays “2/Storm”. The Storm card, This event cancels the Game Turn for both because it has an event, is played first and However, blocks entering an enemy-occupied players except for Siege Attrition. Player 1 (in this case) the event affects naval straits hex on the non-city side can stop and rolls for each Siege Attrition first. Player 2 movement for both Player Turns. The “2” fight (attack limit 1) or move through the hex need not roll for a siege or blockade that allows normal land movement for Player 1. ends because of a Player 1 roll. by not crossing the strait.

5.0 COMBAT RESOLUTION When the Active Player chooses combat for a Battles Sequence hex he is besieging, his blocks storm the city. The sequence to resolve multiple battles is After movement, combat is conducted in each The opponent is therefore defending from an important part of play. The result of hex containing opposing blocks and can last within a walled city and cannot retreat. one battle can affect regroups and retreats one or two rounds. in later battles. When the Active Player chooses combat for a Shore Combat Typically, navies fight navies in sea battles and hex in which he is besieged, his blocks sally Ships in a port or beached were often armies fight armies in land battles each round. and meet the opponent outside the walled However, armies and navies can sometimes attacked by armies and destroyed, most city. Sallying forces can withdraw but sallying notably at AEGOSPOTAMI, the war-winning engage in land or siege battle together. armies cannot retreat. Spartan victory in 405. In walled cities, the Each combat must be completed for the defender can avoid this fate by accepting NOTE: Any additional blocks the Active siege before the first round of battle. chosen hex before moving onto the next. The Player moved into the hex to help lift the Active Player determines order of combat and siege or blockade are considered relief Siege-craft need not commit to any sequence in advance. forces. During the battle, relief forces can Few sieges during the Peloponnesian War retreat but cannot withdraw into siege ended with the attacker taking the city by 5.1 COMBAT ACTIONS assault. Siege-craft was primitive, consisting mainly of scaling ladders, Each block has one action per round of 5.31 Siege Limits battering rams, earth ramps, and mining. combat. The sequence of actions depends on Walled city size (1.2) restricts the number of The lack of good local timber and rocky combat ratings. All “A” blocks go before all “B” blocks that can accept siege and storm: soils made none of that easy. Siege blocks which go before all “C” blocks. towers, catapults, and ballistae were Defending blocks with the same rating go Major: 4 blocks Minor: 2 blocks inventions for the next century. Most cities surrendered on terms (sometimes after before attacking blocks. Extra blocks fight a battle as normal. several years of investment), or because of EXAMPLE: Hoplite B2 and peltast A1 attack If all blocks are withdrawn into siege, extra internal revolt and treachery. Sieges hoplite B2 and navy C3. Sequence for round attacking blocks are reserves that cannot storm always meant significant losses from disease, desertion, and exposure for both of combat is peltast A1, defending hoplite or take hits but still roll for Siege Attrition sides. B2, attacking hoplite B2, then navy C3. normally if present after combat (6.0). 5.2 COMBAT HITS Sieges and Blockades 5.4 BATTLE PROCEDURE Unlike battles which end after two rounds of combat, sieges and blockades may When a block attacks, roll dice equal to its For a new combat: current strength. A hit is scored for each die continue over multiple Game Turns. The equal to or lower than its combat rating. The Active Player reveals all attacking besieger has the option to continue the blocks. The defender then declares for each siege or blockade into the next Game Turn, but both sides are subject to Siege EXAMPLE: Hoplite at strength 4 rolls 4 dice. block to engage (reveal block by tipping it Attrition. It has a B3 combat rating, meaning rolls of 1, forward) or withdraw into siege (if allowed 2, and 3 are hits, and 4, 5, and 6 are misses. and within Siege Limits) before battle Athens’ Long Walls Specific enemy blocks cannot be targeted. begins. ATHENS has two parallel walls, three miles long, linking the walled city to its fortified Each hit reduces the strongest enemy block For an on-going siege or blockade: port. Provided control of the sea was kept, eligible. When two or more blocks share the the walls ensured that no enemy army If besieging, the Active Player declares, for highest strength, the owner chooses which to could starve ATHENS from her critical reduce. both navy and army separately, to engage grain imports. (storm) and perform Siege Battle only or NOTE: Combat hits are not simultaneous. All remain on siege or blockade. Spartan Walls rolled hits are applied immediately. ATHENS, CORINTH, and THEBES were all If besieged or blockaded, the Active Player fortified with high, thick walls. Spartans 5.3 SIEGES and BLOCKADES declares, for both navy and army separately, considered such defenses “unmanly” and their cities were unwalled. Sieges and blockades are unresolved combat to engage (sally) or remain in siege or in walled city hexes. Unlike battles, they occur blockade. Fortified Ports over multiple Game Turns when neither side is IMPORTANT: All relief forces must engage, Most walled port cities had fortified harbors where ships could be protected eliminated or retreats after two rounds of even if no besieged blocks sally. combat. from enemy naval action. These were NOTE: In the case of the Active Player typically beaches with flanking defensive NOTE: Armies siege and navies blockade. sallying, he is the attacker and the besieging towers and a floating barrier or chain to Both can occur at the same time and are opponent the defender. seal access. essential to affect a full siege of land ports. At any time during a round of combat, if one Typically, blocks withdrawn into siege take no side has no blocks remaining in the embattled action in battle outside the walled city and are hex, their opponent wins the battle (5.6). not eligible to take hits – unless the Active

Player decides to storm or sally, as described in the following paragraphs.

5.41 First Round of Combat 5.43 End of Battle Rounds Combat Example Sparta attacks CHIOS with navies (2C2, Sea Battle – Engaged navies act in combat If Active Player sallied, unless all besiegers are 1C2, and 1C2) and a peltast (2A2). Athens order (5.1) and may attack or withdraw (if eliminated, sally forces must withdraw back to defends with navy (2C2) and 2 hoplites allowed and within Siege Limits) and are the city after Round 2 ends and remaining relief (2B3 and 1B3) and cannot withdraw as eligible to take hits (5.2). CHIOS is not a walled-city. Because the forces must retreat. Athenian navy controls the sea, Spartan For each navy block which did not act, If the attacker took a walled city, defending peltast may not be able to engage. because there is no opposing navy, owning navy must retreat if an attacking navy is still Round 1 Sea Battle: player must state if it will engage in Land present. Otherwise it may go on blockade. Defending Athenian navy attacks first and Battle, withdraw (if allowed and within Siege rolls 2 hits! The first hit must be taken by Limits), or remain at sea and take no further If attacker did not take a walled city, an the Spartan navy 2C2 as it is strongest, the action this round. attacking navy must retreat if defending navy is second hit eliminates navy 1C2. The two still present. Otherwise it may go on blockade. remaining Spartan navies now attack in Land Battle – Engaged armies and navies act in turn and roll 1 hit to reduce the Athenian combat order and may attack or withdraw (if If a new combat, and defenders remain not in navy to 1C2. All navies acted. Land Battle: allowed and within Siege Limits) and are siege, the attacking army must retreat taking one extra fire from defending peltasts and Spartan peltast cannot attack as defending eligible to take hits. navy is still present, so the Athenian cavalry. Otherwise it may go on siege. hoplites watch from shore. Siege Battle IMPORTANT: If the defender of a straits hex can be skipped as there is no walled city. has sea control (4.2) attacking armies cannot 5.5 RETREATS cross to engage until the defending navy is Round 2 Sea Battle: During retreats, terrain limits apply (4.1). eliminated, retreats, or withdraws. Defending Athenian navy attacks and Blocks that cannot retreat are eliminated. misses. First Spartan navy rolls a hit and When only defender blocks in siege remain, for eliminates Athenian navy 1C2. Remaining Attacking armies must retreat to adjacent each engaged block which did not act, the Spartan ship decides to engage in Land hexes via hex-sides used to start the combat. Battle as the Spartan peltast can engage. attacker must state if it will storm the city Defending armies retreat to adjacent hexes via Land Battle: (Siege Battle) or stay in reserve and take no any other hex-sides. Players can retreat to any Spartan peltast rolls two hits reducing further action this round. strongest Athenian hoplite to 1B3 and friendly or vacant hex, but never to enemy- eliminating the other. Defending Athenian Siege Battle – Storming blocks and all blocks in occupied hexes, nor to a contested hex. hoplite attacks and scores 1 hit which the siege attack in combat order (5.1) and are Spartan peltast must take. Finally, Spartan IMPORTANT: If the defender of a straits hex eligible to take hits (5.2). navy attacks and rolls one hit, eliminating has sea control (4.2), attacking armies the final Athenian hoplite. IMPORTANT: When storming or defending cannot cross to retreat until the defending from a walled city, cavalry fight at B1, navy navy is eliminated, retreats, or withdraws. No opposing blocks remain. The Spartans, left with a 1C2 navy and 1A2 peltast, fight at C1, and all defenders receive double Navies must retreat (not via enemy hexes) to a decide not to regroup and instead pillage defense: two hits are required to lose a step. CHIOS for 2 BPs reinforcing peltast to 3A2. friendly port within four hexes. Each hit is treated as a half-hit and the next hit must be taken by the same block. Any 5.6 REGROUPS Combat Example half-hits remaining after combat recover. Sparta attacks AMPHIPOLIS with hoplite Victorious navies may regroup (not via enemy 4B4 and peltast 4A1. Athens defends with When all blocks in siege are eliminated, the hexes) to a friendly port within 4 hexes. hoplite 3B2 and peltast 2A1. Athens attacker takes the city. Any defending navy decides not to withdraw to try and force which remains cannot later withdraw. If a new battle, the victor may immediately Sparta to retreat. move any number of victorious armies to 5.42 Second Round of Battle Round 1 Land Battle: adjacent friendly hexes. Terrain limits apply Athenian peltast misses. Spartan peltast (4.1). They can regroup to an existing and Repeat the first round of battle. Attacking (or rolls 1 hit which must be taken by friendly siege or blockade hex (4.2) but cannot storming and sallying) and defending blocks Athenian hoplite 3B4. Athenian hoplite attack again this Combat Phase. rolls 1 hit, taken by Spartan peltast 3A1. now have the additional option to retreat, Spartan hoplite rolls 2 hits leaving except blocks during Siege Battle and Victorious armies of an on-going siege cannot Athenian peltast 1A1 and hoplite 1B2. besieged armies which sallied. regroup. Round 2 Land Battle: 5.61 Pillage Athenian peltast withdraws into city. Spartan peltast misses. Athenian hoplite When a major city is captured, the victor withdraws as well. Remaining Spartan receives pillage build points (BPs) equal to the hoplite decides to storm the city. city’s value (8.1). These BPs must be spent on Siege Battle: victorious blocks that do not regroup. Spartan hoplite rolls 2 hits, which counts as 1 hit (double defense). Athenian peltast is eliminated. Athens now hold the city with hoplite 1B2.

End of combat and each Spartan block has the option to go on siege or regroup. Sparta decides to siege with both blocks and will roll for Siege Attrition (4+) at the end of his turn.

6.0 SIEGE ATTRITION EXCEPTION: The HELOT cannot retreat and Landlocked Cities is eliminated if any defenders remain after Cities like ELIS, MESSENE, SPARTA, and The Active Player makes Siege Attrition rolls two rounds of combat. THEBES are not ports. These hexes cannot after the Combat Phase for all friendly blocks in be blockaded by navies, but also cannot a siege and blockade. Roll one die per block. A victorious HELOT remains on the map and benefit from supply by sea. They are Rolls that equal or exceed the target number functions like any peltast for the rest of the subject to full-siege when besieged only (below) are hits taken on the highest strength game. If eliminated, the HELOT cannot revolt by armies. block(s) as normal. again in the same Olympiad. Siege Attrition At the start of the game, Athens has Status Defender Attacker 8.0 REPLACEMENTS POTIDAEA under siege and blockade. This is a full siege. Sparta rolls at 3+ for each Half-Siege 5+ At the end of each Olympiad, both players 4+ block at the end of each Spartan turn. Full Siege 3+ have a simultaneous Replacement Phase. Steps Athens rolls at 4+ at the end of each can be added to existing blocks, and new Athenian turn. If either the Athenian navy Half-Siege: siege or blockade. blocks can be built. Full Siege: siege and blockade or army leaves or is eliminated, this is now a "Half-Siege" and the Spartan roll is at 5+. Siege of a landlocked city (no port) is a full siege. 8.1 BUILD POINTS (BP) Blockade of an island (6.1) is a full-siege. Half-siege means a city still has supply either by sea (no blockade) or by land (no Players receive BPs equal to the total point siege). ATHENS could survive a Spartan 6.1 ISLAND BLOCKADES value of cities under their control, including siege by maintaining her sea supply. neutral cities. BPs are expended to reinforce or Blockades of ports on island with six sea hex- Sparta won only when she was able to replace blocks. The maximum BPs that may be blockade ATHENS and mount a full-siege. sides (e.g. NAXOS), islands with only one port spent per major city is 3x the city’s value, and (e.g. CEPHALLENIA), or islands that can only be the maximum per minor city is 1 BP. ATHENS Revolts reached via one strait (e.g. CORCYRA) are full Throughout the war there was an internal and SPARTA have a build limits of 16 BPs. sieges. This does not apply to ports on larger struggle between the Tyrants and the islands like Euboia where land supply is also IMPORTANT: Besieged or blockaded cities Democrats in most city states. The available. do not provide BPs for either player. Democrats favored Athens, the Tyrants favored Sparta. Assassinations and 7.0 REVOLTS 8.2 REINFORCEMENTS executions dominated the civic scene throughout the war. Both sides faced Revolts are sponsored by spending MPs to Reinforcing is adding one or more steps to revolts, especially Sparta after the Peace deploy a TYRANT or DEMOS block in an enemy existing blocks on the map. Blocks in a non- of Nicias, and Athens after the Syracuse disaster. The Athenian Empire was more major city. The block’s strength is set by the city hex cannot be reinforced. Only besieging vulnerable to revolts, and this difference is number of MPs spent (3 MPs = Strength 3). blocks in a siege or blockade can be reinforced. reflected in the higher combat rating of IMPORTANT: ATHENS and SPARTA are the TYRANTS block. immune to revolts. Neutral cities are also 8.3 NEW BLOCKS Note that revolts in a vacant major city are immune until they join one player. Revolts New blocks are chosen from a player’s automatic. Worse, the rebel city may be are not allowed in minor cities. used as a destination for enemy strategic Replacement Pool where they stand upright, movement on the following Game Turn. Revolts are automatically successful in a vacant off-map, facing their owner. They must be built Leaving a major city unguarded is unwise. enemy major city. Otherwise, they are resolved in their home city, but not if enemy-held. as normal Siege Battles RESERVE blocks are built in any friendly major Build Points (BPs) city, subject to BP limits (8.1). At the start of the game, Athenian cities The revolt block does not count toward total 20 BPs, Spartan cities total 18 BPs, stacking, hex-side, or siege attack limits. All 8.4 BLOCK COSTS and 10 BPs are neutral. Athens starts play defending blocks (including navies) can help with only 19 BPs, though, because Cost per step varies with type. POTIDAEA is under Spartan control. defeat a revolt. The revolt block delivers full Neither side counts besieged or hits in walled cities, not half-hits like other 1 BP Peltasts blockaded BPs. attackers. The revolt block takes hits normally. 2 BP Hoplites 3 BP Cavalry & Ships SYRACUSE Points (Optional) When a revolt succeeds, the block can be After the first deal, both players allocate disbanded (8.6) or exchanged (now or later) 8.5 ELIMINATED BLOCKS one card face-down at Sicily, leaving only for a peltast of the same strength from the five cards for the first Olympiad. The sum Replacement Pool. If the revolt fails, the revolt Blocks are not permanently eliminated. Place of the two cards become the point value block is eliminated. When disbanded or them in the Replacement Pool where they can for SYRACUSE (instead of the standard 4). exchanged, the revolt block can be reused as be built again normally. The cards are not revealed until SYRACUSE is attacked. Once revealed, the cards desired, but never against the same city in the 8.6 DISBANDING remain face-up for the remainder of game. same Olympiad. Players may disband any block to their 7.1 HELOT REVOLTS Replacement Pool. Steps on disbanded blocks

The Spartan city of MESSENE can be targeted are forfeit, but they can be rebuilt immediately for revolt. Instead of the DEMOS block, the at normal BPs. Players cannot merge blocks on HELOT block is deployed at its desired strength the map. (1 MP per step) at MESSENE for normal combat, assisted by friendly blocks.

9.0 STRATEGICS 9.3 PERSIA The Peace of Nicias In 421, after ten years of fighting, Athens 9.1 HELLESPONT Persian cities (orange) are neutral. If Sparta and Sparta made a “50-year peace”, but gains controls of MILETUS, Persian support the war essentially continued in proxy Athens imported grain from Black Sea colonies becomes available. Their support lowers the form. Sparta first declined to return to feed her large population. ABYDOS was a cost of all Spartan (and allied) navies to 1 BP AMPHIPOLIS to Athens, which then refused choke point for this trade. Spartan sea control per step. to give back PYLOS. In 418, Sparta took (4.2) of ABYDOS requires Athens to remove any exception to a defense alliance of ARGOS, one block from those located in ATHENS at the Persian support is optional for Sparta but ELIS, and MEGARA. Sparta invaded and end of every Athenian Player Turn. irrevocable. The price for Persian support is defeated ARGOS at the Battle of Mantinea. that MILENTUS becomes Persian after the war Athens had sent 1000 hoplites to ARGOS 9.2 SICILY and its 2 BP cannot be counted by the Spartan honoring a pervious treaty obligation and just 300 survived the battle. Athens then player for victory purposes. Persian support If SYRACUSE is captured by Athens, and sea launched her disastrous attack on ceases (permanently) should Athens regain control is maintained, she is immune to the SYRACUSE. The “peace” ended in 413 control of MILETUS. effects of Hellespont (9.1) attrition. when Sparta secured Persian aid and openly resumed the war. While the Persian alliance exists, all Persian SYRACUSE was an important food source for hexes and ports are friendly to Sparta. Spartan SYRACUSE CORINTH. If SYRACUSE is blockaded or forces can enter or traverse Persian territory; SYRACUSE, founded by CORINTH, was the captured by Athens, all enemy blocks located Athenian forces can never cross into Persia. most powerful city on Sicily, and second in CORINTH roll for Siege Attrition (5+) at the only to ATHENS in wealth. Although end of each Spartan Player Turn. 9.4 REBEL NAVIES SYRACUSE was neutral, she effectively supported Sparta by exporting grain to SYRACUSE is an “off-board” area (ignore hexes). Four Athenian cities (CHIOS, CORCYRA, CORINTH – a staunch Spartan ally. Athens Movement to and from SYRACUSE must be MYTILENE, and RHODES) have their own navies. sent a small force to Sicily in 427 BC to made via a friendly (unblockaded) CORCYRA, If these cities are controlled by the Spartan support her allies, but left one year later, LEUCAS, CEPHALLENIA, or CYLLENE. Each of player, the relevant navy immediately moves to unable to continue a war against both these embarkation ports has a black ship the city (free move) and is converted to the Sparta and SYRACUSE. During the Peace of labeled “Sicily”. Spartan navy of the same name at the same Nicias the issue of SYRACUSE again rose and, in 415, a fateful decision was taken to strength. If the rebel navy is in the Replacement All units in Sicily are only ever located in the mount a major attack. Due to poor city of SYRACUSE. Occupation of any other Pool at the time, it becomes available to be Athenian generalship and logistics, and hex in Sicily is prohibited. built by the Spartan player in its home city. good defense by SYRACUSE with Spartan aid, the expedition turned into a disaster. Hence, if RHODES falls to the Spartans (by Both ships and armies can Sea Move to Athens lost over 200 ships, 40,000 crew, SYRACUSE. This is the only time blocks can revolt or conquest), the RHODES navy moves to 10,000 hoplites, and 10,000 peltasts, move to a besieged or blockaded port by RHODES and converts to the Spartan navy. The crippling her for the remainder of the war. Strategic Movement. One (1) MP is required to navy converts back to Athens if she retakes the rebel city. Persia move each block. Athens’ attempt to restore her finances All standard Combat Phase rules apply, except 9.5 NEUTRAL CITIES and navy after the Sicilian disaster led to higher tax and tribute assessments on her that attacking armies cannot retreat and there Neutral cities are potential allies for either allies. Most of those allies had also is no regrouping after combat. Attacking and player. Players can move through a neutral city suffered huge losses in Sicily. Revolts relief forces navies can retreat to a friendly hex but cannot stop there unless attacking. festered everywhere. In 412, CHIOS embarkation hex. Attacking relief force armies revolted with Spartan help, gaining Sparta are eliminated (5.5). If a neutral city is attacked, it immediately joins 80 ships. The revolt then spread to the other side. Applicable forces are deployed EPHESUS and MILETUS (the jewel of Ionia). Defending navies and armies may withdraw at full strength to defend the city. All normal This chain of events brought Tissaphernes, into SYRACUSE and must do so after the second rules for combat apply. Satrap of Caria, to MILETUS to negotiate round of combat. Attacking blocks may then treaty between Persia and Sparta. siege and/or blockade. Once activated, neutral cities, their city points The Persians had an existing non- and blocks, belong to their ally for the duration aggression treaty with Athens, but the new IMPORTANT: If a Player Turn ends with the of the game, unless they change sides by defender having sea control of SYRACUSE, Great King saw an opportunity to recover conquest or revolt. All rules pertaining to the Ionian cities lost after Persian defeats the attacker rolls for Siege Attrition at +1. friendly cities apply to allied neutral cities. in 480 (MARATHON and SALAMIS) and 479 BC (PLATAEA). Armies wishing to retreat must move out in the Neutral blocks immediately change sides, at Move Phase. Only the player with sea control current strength, if their home city is occupied Athens is prohibited from crossing the can retreat. by the enemy player. If the neutral blocks are Persian border because large Persian deployed with other blocks at this time, they armies are not represented in the game. The two Persian cities shown on the map change sides and a normal combat is fought were strongly garrisoned with the neutral blocks on offense. Neutral city

BPs must be spent on neutral blocks of that city, when possible, but can otherwise be used to reinforce and/or rebuild any friendly blocks.

10.0 VICTORY INDEX

10.1 SUDDEN DEATH COMBAT ROUND SUMMARY (5.4) If ATHENS or SPARTA is occupied by one or For New Battles and Sallies, perform all Attack Limits 4.1, 5.31 more enemy blocks at the end of any Game three battles, in sequence, as required. Battles 5.3 Turn, the game ends immediately. Blockades 5.3 For Sieges, perform SIEGE BATTLE only. Islands 6.1 10.2 VICTORY POINTS Building (BPs) 8.1 SEA BATTLE Cards Intro After each Olympiad, add the point values of Navy Combat Options Event Cards 4.6 all controlled cities that are not besieged Cavalry 2.23, 4.4, 5.41, 8.4 and/or blockaded, including neutral cities. To ➢ Attack Cities 1.1 win, a player must control 30+ points. ➢ Withdraw a. Unless Relief Forces Major Cities 1.2 If neither side wins by the end of Olympiad 89, b. Within Siege Limits 1 Combat 5.0 the player with the higher city points wins. If ➢ Retreat Combat Fire 5.1 Combat Hits 5.2 tied, Athens wins. a. Round 2 only Combat Turns 2.12 ➢ Engage in Land Battle 10.3 TOURNEY BIDDING Double Defense 5.41 a. If no opposing Navy Players should always bid for sides in tourney Siege Battle 5.41 ➢ Remain at Sea (Pass) Corinth Diolkos 1.6 games. Flip a coin to determine who has first a. If no opposing Navy bid. Bids should be made in increments of 1 (a Deployment 3.0 first bid of 0 is okay). The highest bid plays the LAND BATTLE Disbanding 8.6 named side and removes steps equal to the Army and Navy Combat Options Eliminated Blocks 8.5 bid. That is, a winning bid of “Athens 3” plays Hex Control 4.2 Athens but removes three steps (total) from ➢ Attack Helot Revolts 7.1 any desired starting units. No unit can take ➢ Withdraw Hellespont 9.1 more than one step loss. a. Unless Relief Forces Hex-side Limits 4.1 b. Within Siege Limits 1 Home City 2.14

➢ Retreat Hoplites 2.21, 4.4, 8.4 TERRAIN EFFECTS a. Round 2 only Leaders (Demos & Tyrants) 7.0 b. Unless Sallying Army March Move 4.51 TERRAIN STACK HEX-SIDE ➢ Engage in Siege Battle Move Ratings 2.13, 4.4 1 Clear 4 2 a. If no opposing blocks Movement 4.0 Strait 4 2 / 12 b. Within Siege Limits 1 Operation Moves 4.4 Strategic Moves 4.5 Pass - 1 ➢ Stay in Reserve (Pass) Move Point (MP) 4.0, 4.6 3 4 a. If no opposing blocks Mountain 2 0 Navies 2.24 Rivers No Effect SIEGE BATTLE Neutrals 3.1 5. ATHENS is Stack 6 (maximum 4 armies). Army and Navy Combat Options Oracles 1.4 6. Attack Limit 1 across the strait. Peltasts 2.22, 8.4 7. Stop when entering. ➢ Attack 8. Mountain hex-sides are impassible. Persia 9.3 A playable mountain hex requires at least a. Cavalry Fights at B1 Pillage 5.61 one clear hex-side or pass to enter. b. Navy Fights at C1 Ports 1.3 2 c. Defenders have Double Defense Regroups 5.6 Status Defender Attacker ➢ Retreat Reinforcements 8.2 Half-Siege 5+ a. Round 2 only Relief Forces 5.3, 9.2 4+ b. Storming blocks only Full Siege 3+ Replacements 8.0 For New Battles and Sallies, if all Retreats 5.5 Half-Siege: siege or blockade. Revolts 7.0 Full Siege: siege and blockade defending/besieging blocks are eliminated Siege of a landlocked city (no port) is a full siege. or retreat, attacker wins the battle. Rivers Terrain Effects Table Blockade of an island (6.1) is a full-siege. Sea Control 4.2

For Sieges, if all besieged blocks are Sicily 9.2 eliminated, opponent wins the battle. Sieges 5.3 CREDITS Siege Attacks 5.41 Siege Attrition 6.0 Game Design: Tom Dalgliesh Siege Limits 5.31 Art/Graphics: Martin Scott (Cards) 1 Major city: 4 blocks Straits 1.5, 4.3 Tom Dalgliesh (Map) Minor city: 2 blocks Terrain 4.1 Victory 1.2, 10.0 COVER: © Chris Collingwood, 2 Two hits required to lose a step. Each hit Cranston Fine Arts treated as a half-hit and the next hit must Revision: Jeff Kight be taken by the same block.