CONTENTS PAOS PREFACE. . . • vil

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIOKS xi

I. ADAM SMITH AND HIS GROUP

1. BERNARD DE MANDEVILLE: "Fable of the Bees" . . . , , 3 2. FRANCIS HUTCHESOK: a. "An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue" 20 b. "A System of Moral Philosophy" 25 3. ADAM SMITH: a. "Theory of the Moral Sentiments" 32 b. "Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms" 41 4. JEAN BAPTISTE SAY: "A Treatise on Political Economy" 63

IL THE MALTHUSIAN CONTROVERSY

1. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN: a. "Observations concerning the Increase of Mankind and the Peopling of Countries" 92 b. "Reflections on the Augmentation of Wages Which Will be Occasioned in Europe by the American Revolution" 96 2. WILLIAM GODWIN: a. "Political Justice" 102 b. "Population" 108 3. THOMAS ROBERT MALTHUS: a. "Essay on Population" (First Edition) 130 b. "Essay on Population" (Sixth Edition) 137 f. "Principles of Political Economy" 148 d. "Definitions in Political Economy" 170

III. CLASSICISM AND UTILITARIANISM 1. JEREMY BENTHAM:DAVID RICARDO: a. "The High Price of Bullion" 193 b. "An Essay on the Influence of a Low Price of Com on the Profits of Stock" . 203 3. JAMES MILL: "Elements of Political Economy" 219 4. WILLIAM NASSAU SENIOR: "An Outline of Political Economy" 226 5. JOHN STUART MILL: a. "On Liberty" 272 b. "Utilitarianism" 283 6. JOHN ELLIOTT CAIRNES: "Political Economy" 298

IV. RISE OF MARGINALISM 1. WILLIAM STANLEY JEVONS: "Theory of Political Economy" 325 2. EUGEN BOHM-BAWERK: "The Posi tive Theory of Capital" 3S3 • IX 1 CONTENTS

V. OPTIMISTS AND NATIONALISTS PAQB 1. FRIEDRICH LIST: "National System of Political Economy" 381 2. FREDERIC BASTIAT: a. "Harmonies of Political Economy" 415 b. "Economic Sophisms" 431 c. "Essays on Political Economy" . 438 3. HENRY CHARLES CAREY: a. "Principles of Social Science" 446 b. "Carey's Manual of Social Science—by Kate McKcan" 467 4- ROBERT ELLIS THOMPSON: "Political Economy for High Schools and Academies" 472

VI. BRITISH HISTORICAL SCHOOL 1. JOHN KELLS INGRAM: "Present Position and Prospects of Political Economy". . 481 2. THOMAS EDWARD CLIFFE LESLIE: "Essays in Political and Moral Philosophy". . 508 3. WALTER BAGEHOT: "Economic Studies" SIS 4. ARNOLD TOYNBEE: "The Industrial Revolution" 530

VII. SOCIAL REFORMERS AND IDEALISTS 1. JEAN CHARLES L.SIMONDE DE SISMONDI:" Political Economy and the Philosophy of Government" 548 2. JOHN RUSKIN: a. "Essays on Political Economy" 561 b. Letters from "Fors Clavigera" 574

Vni. RISE OF SOCIALISM AND ECONOMIC RADICALISM 1. CHARLES FOURIER: "The Social Destiny of Man" 581 2. PIERRE JOSEPH PROUDUON: "What Is Property?" 592 3. MARX AND ENGELS: "Manifesto of the Communist Party" 610 4. KARL MARX: a. "Critique of Political Economy" 636 b. "Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon" 638 c. "Das Kapital" 640

IX. MISCELLANEOUS AMERICAN WRITERS 1. HENRY GEORGE: "Progress and Poverty" 670 2. FRANCIS A. WALKER: "Political Economy" 686 3. SIMON NELSON PATTEN: "Premises of Political Economy" 709

APPENDIX. POPULARIZATIONS OF ENGLISH CLASSICAL ECONOMY 1. JANE HALDIMAND MARCET: "Conversations on Political Economy" 729 2. HARRIET MARTIN EAU: "Illustrations of Political Economy" 739

INDEX 741 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FACWQ PAGB

Adam Smith . . , . 32

Thomas Robert Malthus . ... 128

David Ricardo ...... 192 . ... 272 John Stuart Mill . . . 380 Friedrich List 446 Henry C. Carey .... 472 Robert Ellis Thompson , 610 Karl Marx 670 Henry George . . 70S Simon N. Patten