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Habitat Structures Are Often Installed Where Habitat Features Are Either Deficient Or Missing, Particularly in Urban Or Developed Areas

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Habitat Structures Are Often Installed Where Habitat Features Are Either Deficient Or Missing, Particularly in Urban Or Developed Areas BIODIVERSITY DESIGN GUIDELINES DrainageHABITAT Features STRUCTURES 1 Context Wildlife habitat structures are often installed where habitat features are either deficient or missing, particularly in urban or developed areas. They can also be used to enhance existing natural habitat where essential structural diversity may take longer to develop through natural processes. These structures should not be considered as a substitute for protecting existing natural habitat as those specific conditions are often costly and difficult, if not impossible, to recreate. Habitat structures can be designed for a diversity of focal species and guilds. Structures can provide opportunities for nesting, roosting, perching, rearing, basking, and cover from predators and/ or weather. In densely, developed areas, these structures may provide the only habitat available. Buildings, transmission towers, street lights, and power poles can also be retrofitted to support (or discourage) wildlife, depending on management objectives. Key Considerations: ; Identify suitable areas where wildlife can flourish while managing potential wildlife hazards, disturbances, and wildlife-human interactions. ; Recognize the potential of wildlife structures and features to support undesirable species (e.g., competing invasive species). ; Ensure wildlife structures are suitable for the target species. Monitor and maintain habitat structures to assess use and ensure structures are in good condition. Use may be higher if structures are situated close to natural habitat and/or features. Consult an appropriately Qualified Environmental Professional (QEP) to verify design, placement, and other requirements. ; Consider existing and future climate conditions. SURREY BIODIVERSITY DESIGN GUIDELINES HABITAT STRUCTURES 2 Solitary Pollinator Boxes, Green Timbers Urban Forest Credit: Pamela Zevit SURREY BIODIVERSITY DESIGN GUIDELINES HABITAT STRUCTURES 2 DID YOU KNOW? Old structures have biodiversity value too! Retaining existing artificial habitat such as old buildings, barns, sheds or bridges, should be encouraged, particularly if they provide niche habitat for Species of Conservation Concern (SCC) like bats or aerial insectivores (e.g., Barn Swallows). If derelict structures must be removed, they should be assessed first to determine what species may be present and what specific habitat features are attracting them to better inform the design of potential replacement habitat. Old Barn Credit: FotoFloridian SURREY BIODIVERSITY DESIGN GUIDELINES HABITAT STRUCTURES 3 SURREY BIODIVERSITY DESIGN GUIDELINES HABITAT STRUCTURES 4 Relevant Surrey Documents: ; Biodiversity Conservation Strategy (2014) ; Official Community Plan (2013) ; Natural Areas Strategic Management Plan (2002) o Coarse Woody Debris Management Strategy (2002) o Fauna Management Strategy (2002) o Tree Hazard Management Strategy (2002) o Vegetation Management Strategy (2002) ; Surrey Parks, Recreation and Culture Strategic Plan (2018-2027) ICON LEGEND: Small Bats Birds Herptiles Fish Plants Invertebrates Pollinators Mammals Owls Flying Waterfowl Swallows Eagles Water Snakes Squirrels Shrew Cost Legend: Relative Cost: $ (low), $$ (medium), and $$$ (high). Module linkages: 2 LIGHT & 3 ROAD 4 DRAINAGE 5 GREEN ROOFS 6 MAINTAINED 7 TRAILS NOISE ECOLOGY FEATURES & WALLS LANDSCAPES SURREY BIODIVERSITY DESIGN GUIDELINES HABITAT STRUCTURES 4 1.2 NATURAL AREAS Overview Supporting the City’s Green Infrastructure Network: Surrey’s natural areas hold a diversity of habitat types including forests, shrublands, wetlands, Section D – Ecosystems from PlanSurrey 2013, the streams, lakes, estuaries, and marine and freshwater City of Surrey’s Official Community Plan, supports shorelines. A majority of these natural areas have identification, protection, enhancement, and been subject to human disturbances such as land management of the City’s biodiversity and network clearing, development, and pollution. The City’s of significant natural ecosystems. Objectives include natural areas are generally found on public land improving natural areas connectivity within the within local and regional parks, utility corridors, Green Infrastructure Network (GIN) and encouraging and riparian areas, as well as scattered across environmental protection on private land. An OCP private land. Habitat quality and condition has amendment in 2016 supported creation of the been degraded due to the impacts of surrounding Sensitive Ecosystem Development Permit Area development, invasive plant species, and other (SEDPA), which introduced guidelines to protect cumulative effects tied to human activities. Green Infrastructure Areas and Streamside Areas. Despite these challenges, significant enhancement opportunities exist through targeted actions at the site level. Creating features such as wildlife trees 10 3 10 2 10 1 Surrey Bend 112 AVE Park 11 2 99 Invergarry Park 10 4 T S 10 0 T 160 and downed wood are example benefits to wildlife S Hawthorne Park 11 3 10 7 104 AVE T 168 T 10 8 10 5 11 4 S 98 S 13 4 10 9 176 11 0 152 12 4 97 species that rely on these micro-habitats for part Green Tynehead 12 2 11 1 Timbers Regional Park 96 AVE Urban 117 96 AVE 96 11 5 121 T Forest T S 11 8 12 0 11 6 S 123 119 120 92 95 129 184 93 94 125 HIGHW or all of their life cycle. Many of these features FRASER HWY 131 Port Kells 91 128 A A Park Y 1 88 AVE 127 88 AVE 9 0 Bear Creek 126 N 89 Park 132 88 130 133 AD O 134 86 Fleetwood Urban Forest 135 are absent from younger forest types that tend to 80 AVE VIE R 80 AVE 84 87 83 HAR 139 C 81 136 80 GE BLVD 140 138 137 R 85 79 O 74 82 E Surrey Lake Park 72 AVE 72 AVE 141 predominate in Surrey. Habitat enhancements can T S 78 73 142 KING G 144 76 64 AVE 75 77 Y 15 64 AVE A support greater biodiversity and improve ecosystem W 143 M D HIGH 56 AVE HIGHWAY 10 56 AVE 72 Colebrook Park 64 function, which provides more recreational and 68 144 67 Mound Hi-Knoll Park 7 2 Farm 65 Park 62 48 AVE 69 T S Serpentine 61 60 community benefits for people. Fen 59 Park B 128 66 63 40 AVE 70 15 G 16 17 J Elgin 18 20 Park 19 58 Blackie 9 14 22 Spit 32 AVE Park 32 AVE 21 27 28 29 10 4 13 HIGHW Latimer 5 Lake Park 11 3 2 30 Crescent A Park H 56 Y 99 57 8 12 24 AVE 26 54 24 AVE 6 55 23 31 53 7 Sunnyside Acres Urban Forest Redwood Park 52 24 25 51 I 32 16 AVE 16 AVE 49 33 T T 34 S S 35 39 40 38 1 F 48 50 144 152 152 T S 36 37 47 46 O 8 AVE 128 45 41 42 K L 444 43 E 0 AVE Biodiversity Strategy T T T T T GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK S S S S S 168 176 184 192 196 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK Crescent PROTECTED HUBS AND SITES Park UNPROTECTED HUBS AND SITES F REGIONAL CORRIDORS 8 LOCAL CORRIDORS 15 SUPPORTING PARK SITES AGRICULTURAL LAND RESERVE JUNE 2014 Data Sources: City of Surrey N 66 BCS • Spring 2014 SURREY BIODIVERSITY DESIGN GUIDELINES HABITAT STRUCTURES 5 SURREY BIODIVERSITY DESIGN GUIDELINES HABITAT STRUCTURES 6 DID YOU KNOW? Many natural areas border residential, industrial, and agricultural land that contains community and/or major infrastructure such as parks, facilities, roads, utility lines, and drainage structures. Biodiversity enhancements within these natural area-urban interfaces must consider these other values and potential risks, including wildfire, hazard trees, windthrow, invasive species, and human-wildlife conflicts. Future climate change will also affect vegetation, water, and wildlife. Protecting existing natural areas, increasing connectivity, reducing fragmentation, and introducing wider buffers can increase resiliency and functionality of natural ecosystems, while also providing additional opportunities to enhance and restore habitat. Mud Bay Credit: Carla Stewart SURREY BIODIVERSITY DESIGN GUIDELINES HABITAT STRUCTURES 6 1.3 BACKYARD BIODIVERSITY Overview 1.3.1 DESIGNING FOR BACKYARD Small actions we take to protect, restore, and BIODIVERSITY enhance biodiversity in our own backyards can support big conservation actions on a City-wide Key Considerations: scale. Surrey is one of a handful of cities in Canada • Maintained landscapes often lack the with a dedicated, long-term plan to protect local necessary habitat needed to support biodiversity (see: surrey.ca/biodiversity). From biodiversity. Converting lawn to flowering the Fraser River to Boundary Bay and the Salish habitat and leaving just a small portion of Sea, the City’s rivers, streams, wetlands, forests your backyard in a more natural condition and farmland connect neighbourhoods through can save time on yard maintenance while a “Green Infrastructure Network (GIN).” This also supporting biodiversity. If lawn is network is the backbone supporting the City’s retained, consider limiting how often you biodiversity and is included within the Surrey’s mow or keep sections of unmowed lawn in Sensitive Ecosystem Development Permit Area. rotation to allow grasses and other plants The area outside of the GIN is called the urban to grow taller and flower. matrix, and this is where the majority of Surrey’s • Vegetation determines how much other private land (i.e., its residential, commercial, life will be present in a particular area. industrial, and agricultural areas) exists. As BC’s Even minor increases in native vegetation fastest growing city, there is a desire to ensure can lead to proportional increases in other that nature continues to hold a special place for animal species. residents, businesses, and visitors alike. • Choose native plants where possible. Native plants have long evolutionary relationships While the scale of many developments in the with local wildlife, supporting almost 30 urban matrix, such as a single family home, times more species than ornamental (non- 1 is small, collectively these “backyard” spaces native) plants they share. occupy a significant land area. Collective action • Backyards can provide habitat for common to conserve biodiversity at this backyard (i.e., site) species, but can also support some Species level is essential to help bolster the City’s green of Conservation Concern found in and infrastructure and provide sustained benefits to around Surrey including the Dun Skipper people and wildlife.
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