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MARCEL CADIEUX, the DEPARTMENT of EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, and CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: 1941-1970
MARCEL CADIEUX, the DEPARTMENT of EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, and CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: 1941-1970 by Brendan Kelly A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto © Copyright by Brendan Kelly 2016 ii Marcel Cadieux, the Department of External Affairs, and Canadian International Relations: 1941-1970 Brendan Kelly Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto 2016 Abstract Between 1941 and 1970, Marcel Cadieux (1915-1981) was one of the most important diplomats to serve in the Canadian Department of External Affairs (DEA). A lawyer by trade and Montreal working class by background, Cadieux held most of the important jobs in the department, from personnel officer to legal adviser to under-secretary. Influential as Cadieux’s career was in these years, it has never received a comprehensive treatment, despite the fact that his two most important predecessors as under-secretary, O.D. Skelton and Norman Robertson, have both been the subject of full-length studies. This omission is all the more glaring since an appraisal of Cadieux’s career from 1941 to 1970 sheds new light on the Canadian diplomatic profession, on the DEA, and on some of the defining issues in post-war Canadian international relations, particularly the Canada-Quebec-France triangle of the 1960s. A staunch federalist, Cadieux believed that French Canadians could and should find a place in Ottawa and in the wider world beyond Quebec. This thesis examines Cadieux’s career and argues that it was defined by three key themes: his anti-communism, his French-Canadian nationalism, and his belief in his work as both a diplomat and a civil servant. -
The Canadian Cadet Movement and the Boy Scouts of Canada in the Twentieth Century
“No Mere Child’s Play”: The Canadian Cadet Movement and the Boy Scouts of Canada in the Twentieth Century by Kevin Woodger A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto © Copyright by Kevin Woodger 2020 “No Mere Child’s Play”: The Canadian Cadet Movement and the Boy Scouts of Canada in the Twentieth Century Kevin Woodger Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto Abstract This dissertation examines the Canadian Cadet Movement and Boy Scouts Association of Canada, seeking to put Canada’s two largest uniformed youth movements for boys into sustained conversation. It does this in order to analyse the ways in which both movements sought to form masculine national and imperial subjects from their adolescent members. Between the end of the First World War and the late 1960s, the Cadets and Scouts shared a number of ideals that formed the basis of their similar, yet distinct, youth training programs. These ideals included loyalty and service, including military service, to the nation and Empire. The men that scouts and cadets were to grow up to become, as far as their adult leaders envisioned, would be disciplined and law-abiding citizens and workers, who would willingly and happily accept their place in Canadian society. However, these adult-led movements were not always successful in their shared mission of turning boys into their ideal-type of men. The active participation and complicity of their teenaged members, as peer leaders, disciplinary subjects, and as recipients of youth training, was central to their success. -
2017IMPACT REPORT 2 “Life Changes in the Instant
2017IMPACT REPORT 2 “Life changes in the instant. The ordinary instant.” JOAN DIDION For me, “that ordinary instant” happened in 2006 oral antibiotic (minocycline) can greatly reduce the risk of early disease when my son, then 23, was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. progression in MS. This was an incredible discovery coming from the Nothing in our family background prepared us for this, and our labs of Drs. Wee Yong and Luanne Metz, and we hope to see more only experience with MS had been through a dear friend who was real-world research impacts like this one in 2018. Another notable diagnosed at 45 with primary-progressive MS. Fortunately, my collaboration is our partnership with Biogen Canada and Brain Canada son’s experience has been very different from our friend’s, which to launch a multi-year cohort study to investigate key questions about was tragic. Back then, there was little hope, and today there is a disease progression, like why do some people develop secondary great deal. progressive MS and others do not? Through the lens of an incurable and unpredictable disease, The beginning of 2018 marked a significant milestone in MS treatments. not knowing what the future holds is frightening. The MS Health Canada approved Ocrevus, the first disease-modifying therapy Society of Canada aims to give people hope for a better for people living with primary-progressive MS. Ocrevus is a step tomorrow, fueled by information and knowledge that forward in treatment options; however, we know one treatment does helps people make the decisions that are right for them. -
Canadian Official Historians and the Writing of the World Wars Tim Cook
Canadian Official Historians and the Writing of the World Wars Tim Cook BA Hons (Trent), War Studies (RMC) This thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities and Social Sciences UNSW@ADFA 2005 Acknowledgements Sir Winston Churchill described the act of writing a book as to surviving a long and debilitating illness. As with all illnesses, the afflicted are forced to rely heavily on many to see them through their suffering. Thanks must go to my joint supervisors, Dr. Jeffrey Grey and Dr. Steve Harris. Dr. Grey agreed to supervise the thesis having only met me briefly at a conference. With the unenviable task of working with a student more than 10,000 kilometres away, he was harassed by far too many lengthy emails emanating from Canada. He allowed me to carve out the thesis topic and research with little constraints, but eventually reined me in and helped tighten and cut down the thesis to an acceptable length. Closer to home, Dr. Harris has offered significant support over several years, leading back to my first book, to which he provided careful editorial and historical advice. He has supported a host of other historians over the last two decades, and is the finest public historian working in Canada. His expertise at balancing the trials of writing official history and managing ongoing crises at the Directorate of History and Heritage are a model for other historians in public institutions, and he took this dissertation on as one more burden. I am a far better historian for having known him. -
The Duke the DUKE
of c Volume 2, Issue 23 December 2020 THE DUKE The Duke REMEMBRANCE DAY 2020 Inside this issue: Remembrance Day ........... 1 October 2020 Events ........ 14 November 2020 Events .... 30 December 2020 Events .... 43 Miscellaneous ................... 63 The Start Line .................... 72 The Barrett Bunker ............ 73 Historical Articles ............... 77 Duke’s Den..................... 115 Museum Society..............115 Association Kit Shop........116 Asleep..............................118 REMEMBRANCE DAY 11 NOVEMBER 2020 Submitted by LCol Vincent Virk, CO Today we knew was going to be a weird day at best, without our traditional Regimental Parade and march around the Vancouver Cenotaph. It was extra painful for me having to self-isolate this week preventing me from attending with you at the PNE grounds. Though I must say the efforts of the Association and the Regimental wreath parties at key locations has still allowed for us to feel connected on this day. The remembrance at the 29th Battalion CEF Monument at the PNE was very well done and attended by over 75 BCR soldiers online. Please pass on my kudos to all those involved in putting this together. The Wait for me Daddy wreath laying party was befitting for such a special and dear monument to our Regiment. Finally, the readings of the Cpl Alexander and Wu at Christ Church Cathedral as part of a wreath laying party was streamed live and can be found on youtube at https://www.thecathedral.ca/livestreams/34. These efforts show the whole Regimental Family is able to adapt and carry on in face of the greatest challenges of this generation of soldiers. -
L'absence De Généraux Canadiens-Français Combattants
Où sont nos chefs? L’absence de généraux canadiens-français combattants durant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale (1939-1945). Par : Alexandre Sawyer Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales À titre d’exigence partielle en vue de l’obtention d’un doctorat en histoire Université d’Ottawa © Alexandre Sawyer, Ottawa, Canada, 2019 ii RÉSUMÉ Le nombre d’officiers généraux canadiens-français qui ont commandé une brigade ou une division dans l’armée active durant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale est presque nul. On ne compte aucun commandant de division francophone dans l’armée outre-mer. Dans les trois premières années de la guerre, seulement deux brigadiers canadiens-français prennent le commandement de brigades à l’entrainement en Grande-Bretagne, mais sont rapidement renvoyés chez eux. Entre 1943 et 1944, le nombre de commandants de brigade francophones passe de zéro à trois. L’absence de généraux canadiens-français combattants (à partir du grade de major-général) durant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale s’explique par plusieurs facteurs : le modèle britannique et l’unilinguisme anglais de la milice, puis de l’armée canadienne, mais aussi la tradition anti-impérialiste et, donc, souvent antimilitaire des Canadiens français. Au début de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, aucun officier canadien n’est réellement capable de commander une grande unité militaire. Mais, a-t-on vraiment le choix? Ces officiers sont les seuls dont dispose le Canada. Quand les troupes canadiennes sont engagées au combat au milieu de 1943, des officiers canadiens, plus jeunes et beaucoup mieux formés prennent la relève. À plus petite échelle, le même processus s’opère du côté francophone, mais plus maladroitement. -
''Six Mois A` Hanoi'': Marcel Cadieux, Canada, and The
BRENDAN KELLY ‘‘Six mois a` Hanoi’’: Marcel Cadieux, Canada, and the International Commission for Supervision and Control in Vietnam, 1954–5 Abstract: Drawing on an unpublished memoir by Marcel Cadieux entitled ‘‘Six mois a` Hanoi,’’ this article offers the first biographical study of a Canadian diplomat to serve on the International Commission for Supervision and Control in Vietnam. It argues that Cadieux’s pioneering experience on that commission during its first months in 1954–5 shaped his pro-American views on the Vietnam War as under- secretary of state for external affairs between 1964 and 1970. It also uses Cadieux’s tenure in Hanoi as a lens through which to explore larger issues of both long-standing and more recent interest to Canadian international historians, including the bureaucratic culture of the Department of External Affairs, Canadian diplomacy’s relationship with the decolonizing countries of the Third World, and the role of race, culture, religion, and anti-communism in the making of Canadian foreign policy. Keywords: Marcel Cadieux, biography, Canada, Vietnam, diplomacy, Interna- tional Commission for Supervision and Control, Department of External Affairs, Cold War, Vietnam War, Third World, decolonization, communism, race, culture, religion Re´sume´ : S’appuyant sur un me´moire ine´dit de Marcel Cadieux intitule´ « Six mois a` Hanoi », l’auteur pre´sente la premie`re e´tude biographique d’un diplomate canadien ayant sie´ge´ a` la Commission internationale pour la surveillance et le controˆle au Vieˆt- Nam. Selon lui, l’expe´rience pionnie`re de Cadieux durant les premiers mois d’existence de cette commission, en 1954-1955, a fac¸onne´ ses opinions proame´ricaines au sujet de la guerre du Vieˆt-Nam alors qu’il e´tait sous-secre´taire d’E´tat aux Affaires exte´rieures, de 1964 a` 1970. -
LAST POST November 2019 LAST POST Legion Magazine Publishes the Last Post Annually As Long As the Date of Death Is Within the Time During the Remembrance Day Period
LAST POST November 2019 LAST POST Legion Magazine publishes the Last Post annually As long as the date of death is within the time during the Remembrance Day period. This free period of entries on the website (1984 to present), service recognizes those who have served their the notice will be added to the database and country and allows our readers to learn of the appear in the printed edition. Notices within a passing of comrades with whom they served. year of the date of death can be submitted by Last Post is reserved for these groups: family members, but entries before that time 1) ordinary members of The Royal Canadian period must come from a Royal Canadian Legion at the time of death; 2) RCL life members Legion branch. who were previously ordinary members; and These entries are added to the searchable 3) Canadian war veterans (WW II, Korean War, Last Post database at www.legionmagazine.com. Gulf War, Afghanistan) who were not Legion members at the time of death. Legion Magazine relies on RCL branches to Copyright provide the Last Post information. Please use the Reproduction or re-creation of the Last Post Section, current Last Post form, dated January 2016, in whole or in part, in any form or media, is strictly which is available from the Dominion forbidden and is a violation of copyright, which Command Supply Department. resides with Legion Magazine and its publisher, Branches should submit notices to Legion Canvet Publications Ltd. Magazine promptly to ensure timely publication. AITKEN, Neil—May 4, 2019, age 81. -
University Women's Club of Vancouver Four Famous Members Who
UNIVERSITY WOMEN’S CLUB OF VANCOUVER FOUR FAMOUS MEMBERS WHO INFLUENCED VANCOUVER AND CANADA Adapted with thanks from “Women Lead the Way: A History of The University Women's Club of Vancouver, 1907 -2007” By Jean Mann, Beverley New and Cathy Barford, Wikepedia & websites of the Government of Canada On October 18th each year the University Women’s Club of Vancouver celebrates Person’s Day, to commemorate the day in 1929 when women in Canada were declared eligible to sit in the Canadian Senate as a result of the case Edwards v. Canada (Attorney General), more commonly known as The Persons Case. The Persons Case honors the five Alberta women, known as The Famous Five, that later lead to the victory of Canadian women’s equality which gives women the right to be appointed to the Senate of Canada and paved the way for women’s increased participation in public and political life. Those five women were Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Irene Parlby, Louise McKinney and Henrietta Muir Edward. In 1927 these five women went to the Supreme Court of Canada to get an answer as to why women were not included in the word person according to the British North American Act. The debate took over five weeks and the court ruled that women would not be included in the word person. Two years later, after the women took the case to London, to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council of Great Britain, Canada’s highest court of appeal, the question was answered “why should it not?”, a decision which not only helped women have a place in the senate but also gave women more rights and equality. -
The Canadian Militia in the Interwar Years, 1919-39
THE POLICY OF NEGLECT: THE CANADIAN MILITIA IN THE INTERWAR YEARS, 1919-39 ___________________________________________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board ___________________________________________________________ in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY __________________________________________________________ by Britton Wade MacDonald January, 2009 iii © Copyright 2008 by Britton W. MacDonald iv ABSTRACT The Policy of Neglect: The Canadian Militia in the Interwar Years, 1919-1939 Britton W. MacDonald Doctor of Philosophy Temple University, 2008 Dr. Gregory J. W. Urwin The Canadian Militia, since its beginning, has been underfunded and under-supported by the government, no matter which political party was in power. This trend continued throughout the interwar years of 1919 to 1939. During these years, the Militia’s members had to improvise a great deal of the time in their efforts to attain military effectiveness. This included much of their training, which they often funded with their own pay. They created their own training apparatuses, such as mock tanks, so that their preparations had a hint of realism. Officers designed interesting and unique exercises to challenge their personnel. All these actions helped create esprit de corps in the Militia, particularly the half composed of citizen soldiers, the Non- Permanent Active Militia. The regulars, the Permanent Active Militia (or Permanent Force), also relied on their own efforts to improve themselves as soldiers. They found intellectual nourishment in an excellent service journal, the Canadian Defence Quarterly, and British schools. The Militia learned to endure in these years because of all the trials its members faced. The interwar years are important for their impact on how the Canadian Army (as it was known after 1940) would fight the Second World War. -
Air Chief Marshal Frank Miller – a Civilian and Military Leader
HISTORY MILITARY DND Photo PL-52817 In 1951, Princess Elizabeth and The Duke of Edinburgh inspect RCAF Station Trenton and the commemorative gate to the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, a wartime initiative of which Frank Miller was very much a part. Air Chief Marshal FranK Miller – A CIVILIAN AND Military LEADER by Ray Stouffer Introduction that such an exercise has not been undertaken previously says much about the lack of scholarly interest in the Cold War n Thursday, 28 April 1960, the Ottawa Citizen RCAF generally, and the dearth of biographies of senior wrote that Frank Miller, the former air marshal, Canadian airmen specifically. As remarkable as Miller’s career and, more recently, the Deputy Minister (DM) was is the fact that it is today largely unknown and therefore of National Defence, had become the unappreciated. Comprehending Miller’s military and civilian Diefenbaker Government’s choice as Chairman service not only explains why he was selected as Chairman of ofO the Chiefs of Staff Committee (COSC), replacing General the COSC, it also addresses the larger question of military Charles Foulkes. Miller’s 24 years of service in the Royal leadership in peacetime. It is proposed that those responsible Canadian Air Force (RCAF) “…[had] given him a valuable for Miller’s selection felt that he possessed the requisite store of knowledge of all aspects of defence.” 1 As DM, Miller leadership capabilities and understanding of the needs of a was “…hailed as one of the keenest and most incisive minds in peacetime military better than his peers. the Defence Department.”2 In the same article, it was implied that changes were necessary in Canada’s military that demanded To support this argument, this article focuses upon two Miller’s experience, management skills, and leadership. -
1866 (C) Circa 1510 (A) 1863
BONUS : Paintings together with their year of completion. (A) 1863 (B) 1866 (C) circa 1510 Vancouver Estival Trivia Open, 2012, FARSIDE team BONUS : Federal cabinet ministers, 1940 to 1990 (A) (B) (C) (D) Norman Rogers James Ralston Ernest Lapointe Joseph-Enoil Michaud James Ralston Mackenzie King James Ilsley Louis St. Laurent 1940s Andrew McNaughton 1940s Douglas Abbott Louis St. Laurent James Ilsley Louis St. Laurent Brooke Claxton Douglas Abbott Lester Pearson Stuart Garson 1950s 1950s Ralph Campney Walter Harris John Diefenbaker George Pearkes Sidney Smith Davie Fulton Donald Fleming Douglas Harkness Howard Green Donald Fleming George Nowlan Gordon Churchill Lionel Chevrier Guy Favreau Walter Gordon 1960s Paul Hellyer 1960s Paul Martin Lucien Cardin Mitchell Sharp Pierre Trudeau Leo Cadieux John Turner Edgar Benson Donald Macdonald Mitchell Sharp Edgar Benson Otto Lang John Turner James Richardson 1970s Allan MacEachen 1970s Ron Basford Donald Macdonald Don Jamieson Barney Danson Otto Lang Jean Chretien Allan McKinnon Flora MacDonald JacquesMarc Lalonde Flynn John Crosbie Gilles Lamontagne Mark MacGuigan Jean Chretien Allan MacEachen JeanJacques Blais Allan MacEachen Mark MacGuigan Marc Lalonde Robert Coates Jean Chretien Donald Johnston 1980s Erik Nielsen John Crosbie 1980s Perrin Beatty Joe Clark Ray Hnatyshyn Michael Wilson Bill McKnight Doug Lewis BONUS : Name these plays by Oscar Wilde, for 10 points each. You have 30 seconds. (A) THE PAGE OF HERODIAS: Look at the moon! How strange the moon seems! She is like a woman rising from a tomb. She is like a dead woman. You would fancy she was looking for dead things. THE YOUNG SYRIAN: She has a strange look.