DOCSLIB.ORG

MARCEL CADIEUX, the DEPARTMENT of EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, and CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: 1941-1970

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MARCEL CADIEUX, the DEPARTMENT of EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, and CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: 1941-1970 MARCEL CADIEUX, the DEPARTMENT of EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, and CANADIAN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: 1941-1970 by Brendan Kelly A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto © Copyright by Brendan Kelly 2016 ii Marcel Cadieux, the Department of External Affairs, and Canadian International Relations: 1941-1970 Brendan Kelly Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto 2016 Abstract Between 1941 and 1970, Marcel Cadieux (1915-1981) was one of the most important diplomats to serve in the Canadian Department of External Affairs (DEA). A lawyer by trade and Montreal working class by background, Cadieux held most of the important jobs in the department, from personnel officer to legal adviser to under-secretary. Influential as Cadieux’s career was in these years, it has never received a comprehensive treatment, despite the fact that his two most important predecessors as under-secretary, O.D. Skelton and Norman Robertson, have both been the subject of full-length studies. This omission is all the more glaring since an appraisal of Cadieux’s career from 1941 to 1970 sheds new light on the Canadian diplomatic profession, on the DEA, and on some of the defining issues in post-war Canadian international relations, particularly the Canada-Quebec-France triangle of the 1960s. A staunch federalist, Cadieux believed that French Canadians could and should find a place in Ottawa and in the wider world beyond Quebec. This thesis examines Cadieux’s career and argues that it was defined by three key themes: his anti-communism, his French-Canadian nationalism, and his belief in his work as both a diplomat and a civil servant. iii Acknowledgments This thesis would not have been possible without the advice, support, and friendship of my supervisor, Professor Robert Bothwell. Before coming to the University of Toronto in 2008, I was told by Professor J.R. Miller, a mutual friend of ours and a mentor of mine at the University of Saskatchewan, that Professor Bothwell was deeply committed to his students. It has been my great privilege over the last seven-and-a-half years to witness that remarkable commitment first hand. It never ceases to amaze me how such a distinguished historian can devote so much time and energy to his many graduate students, whether it is answering (often at length) their frequent emails, meeting with them in person and on short notice (often over a delicious lunch at the Harbord House), or providing helpful (and always thorough) feedback on their chapters. There is no doubt in my mind that Professor Bothwell is one of the most dedicated supervisors at the University of Toronto. His support has been invaluable to me in my seeing this project to fruition. I also wish to thank the members of my thesis committee, Professor John English and Professor Mark McGowan, two distinguished historians in their own right, for their advice at our annual meetings and for allowing my thesis to proceed to the oral defence so expeditiously. I am grateful as well to the Department of History for its financial support in awarding me Jeanne Armour Graduate Scholarships in Canadian History and the Margaret McCullough Graduate Scholarship in Canadian History, all of which provided me with vital aid in paying for my final years of study. The Faculty of Arts and Science also funded my work by awarding me one of the Associates of the University of Toronto Awards for Study of the United States. The School of Graduate Studies, for its part, gave me several travel grants to visit archives in both North America and Europe. Most importantly, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) generously funded my second, third, and fourth years in the program with a Joseph- Armand Bombardier CGS Doctoral Scholarship. Historians need archivists and I was lucky to be assisted by many highly competent ones. While there is not enough space to list them all here, certain people at Library and Archives Canada were so outstanding that they must be mentioned: Paulette Dozois, Lana Merrifield, Alix McEwen, George de Zwaan, and the members of the Access to Information and Privacy (ATIP) iv division, including Jean-François Coulombe, Diana Gibson, Betricia Abou-Hamad, Céline Jean- Marie, Marc Robillard, Diane Simard, and Barry Stead. I am also indebted to Greg Donaghy and Mary Halloran of the Historical Section at Global Affairs Canada for their help, especially in granting me access to archival material and transcripts of oral interviews held at the Lester B. Pearson building, and for their companionship during my time in Ottawa. In Toronto I benefited from the friendship of a number of fellow graduate students in History and residents at St. Michael’s College, including Jack Cunningham, John Dirks, Robyn Gifford, Peter Leimbigler, Stephan Dusil, and Michael He. Finally, I could not have finished this thesis without the encouragement of those closest to me. The radiant optimism and good cheer of my fiancée, Michelle Chen, remain a source of inspiration and strength. My sister, Anne Kelly, a Rhodes Scholar, welcomed and introduced me to London and selflessly spent three days in Brussels doing research for her brother at the archives of the European Commission. Above all, my parents, Patrick and Darlene Kelly, English professors at St. Thomas More College at the University of Saskatchewan, have given me more love and support than any son deserves and have always believed in me. This thesis is dedicated to them. Brendan Kelly Toronto, Canada February 2016 v Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One: Premières Armes: Ottawa, London, Brussels, 1941-1947 .............................. 14 I – Ottawa .................................................................................................................................. 14 II – London ................................................................................................................................ 39 III – Brussels ............................................................................................................................. 62 Chapter Two: The Making of a Diplomat and a Cold Warrior: 1947-1955 ......................... 86 I – Headquarters ........................................................................................................................ 86 II – NATO ............................................................................................................................... 136 III – Vietnam ........................................................................................................................... 150 Chapter Three: Climbing the External Affairs Ladder: 1955-1963 .................................... 174 I – UN Division ....................................................................................................................... 175 II – Legal Adviser and Assistant Under-Secretary under a New Government ....................... 183 III – Deputy Under-Secretary and International Jurist ............................................................ 200 IV – A Reluctant Administrator, an Anxious French Canadian, and the Fall of a Government ................................................................................................................................................. 228 Chapter Four: The Under-Secretary, the Minister, and the Department of External Affairs: 1963-1968 ..................................................................................................................... 255 I – The Job of Under-Secretary ............................................................................................... 258 II – The Minister ..................................................................................................................... 279 Chapter Five: The Under-Secretary, the Minister, and Canadian Foreign Policy: 1963-1968 ................................................................................................................................... 309 I – Crises.................................................................................................................................. 310 II – The United States, China, and the Vietnam War .............................................................. 321 III – Defence............................................................................................................................ 352 Chapter Six: The Under-Secretary, Nationalist Quebec, and Gaullist France: 1963-1967 ................................................................................................................................... 361 I – The Emerging Alliance: Quebec and France ..................................................................... 362 II – Action and Reaction: Quebec and Ottawa ........................................................................ 388 III – Further Skirmishes .......................................................................................................... 405 IV – Le cri du balcon .............................................................................................................. 426 Chapter Seven: The Under-Secretary, Nationalist Quebec, and Gaullist France: 1967-1970 ..................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • For a Hero—The Silver Star Jury Tomorrow in the Cemetery Police Laboratory, in Trenton
    Weather Dfctrilmtfc* 7 •jn, te«p#r*tu/» ». OrMr May wtt* Wchin the Mi. Clttr THEDAILY *and ood tonight with few in «s. 24,800 Tomorrow suitny and cool with 7 /ted Ban*; Area J high to the 50s. Wednesday fair •ad continued cool. NORTHERN MONMOUTH'S HOME NEWSPAPER DIAL 7414)010 dtli#. M«»|U» throo«h #rtd>r. l*ooa<l Cim Poiugt VOL. 87, NO. 81 Paid at AJdlifi andat AdijUooal Uallln( OUIcei. MONDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1964 7c PER COPY PAGE ONE Cemetery Case Goes Middletown Woman's Husband Killed in Viet Nam Before Grand Jury HOLMDEL — Mrs. Conrad A group of citizens found five Hess, South Laurel Ave., and human bones *- more than 100 Mrs. Marion Norton, Main St., years old in a mound of dirt both informed The Register that next to the excavation. The iden- they will appear before the Grand tification was made by the state For a Hero—The Silver Star Jury tomorrow in the cemetery police laboratory, in Trenton. case. Both Mrs. Hess and Mrs. Nor- WEST POINT, N. Y.—Mrs. Harriet L. Hines,- encouraged them to pursue their efforts in the At the decorations' ceremony here, another Both said they had received ton claim that they have fore- 186 Cherry Tree La., Middletown, N. J., has re- defense of their homeland." fallen hero, the late Capt. James P. Spruill, Suffern, mbpoenas to appear before the bears buried In the old ceme- jury. tery. ceived, with pride, though in grief, the Silver Star A Daily Register editorial April 28, noted N. Y., was honored with the Legion of Merit.
    [Show full text]
  • Court Proposes New Session to Handle Reapportioning
    I^N ESD A Y, OCTTOT^ 18, 186^ iKitnrlrpBt^r lEttrabig ll^raUt ATtnc* Dally Not Press Rm Weather Fsr the Weak l!a«ed Faraoaat of V. S. WMither 24, U M ' fla g Karinaa from tosvn are About Town taking part in Operation Steal Oloadjr and oairier tenlgkt, law Pika In Spaht. Tliey are: Pfc. f r o m b ib s t o c r ib s h e e t s 14,065 4e-46; fair aad eaelar to m u m m , Douglas P. Johnson, aon of aC tka Audit Mgk ee-86. W m KuBitoi Pwiy, dwigh- Douglas A. Jcdinaon, 144 Birch tar oC Mr. «w l M n. JamM Pn^ St.; Lance Cpl. Robert M. a( Maneh0tter— A City of ViUagm Chorm ly, m HoOMar 8t^ !■ a mem- Smith, eon of Mr, and Mrs. celebrating bar o t the program commlttaa RuUedga J. Smith, 411 Bum- for an Open Houaa at Meriden ham St.; Cpl. John B. Fales, VOL. LXXXIV, NO. 25 tTWBNTY-BIGHT PA6BSF-TWO SECTIONS) MANCHESTE^^ CONN., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1964 (Ctoarifisd Advartiatag aU Faga 24) PRICE SEVEN CE^TS Haqdtal Sdiool of Ntiraing. son of Mr. and Mrs. Bbnmons . n ie event, acheduled for R. Falea, 1S8 N. Elm St.; Wednaaday, Nov. 4, front 12:46 Lance Cpl. James J. Antonio, B A B Y W EEK to S p.m., la open to high school son of Mr. and Mrs.i^James R. atpdents, their parcAta and Antonio, 147 Oloott St., and Events counsektra. Mlsa Perry la a atu- Lance Cpl.
    [Show full text]
  • Alternative North Americas: What Canada and The
    ALTERNATIVE NORTH AMERICAS What Canada and the United States Can Learn from Each Other David T. Jones ALTERNATIVE NORTH AMERICAS Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars One Woodrow Wilson Plaza 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, D.C. 20004 Copyright © 2014 by David T. Jones All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, scanned, or distributed in any printed or electronic form without permission. Please do not participate in or encourage piracy of copyrighted materials in violation of author’s rights. Published online. ISBN: 978-1-938027-36-9 DEDICATION Once more for Teresa The be and end of it all A Journey of Ten Thousand Years Begins with a Single Day (Forever Tandem) TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 Borders—Open Borders and Closing Threats .......................................... 12 Chapter 2 Unsettled Boundaries—That Not Yet Settled Border ................................ 24 Chapter 3 Arctic Sovereignty—Arctic Antics ............................................................. 45 Chapter 4 Immigrants and Refugees .........................................................................54 Chapter 5 Crime and (Lack of) Punishment .............................................................. 78 Chapter 6 Human Rights and Wrongs .................................................................... 102 Chapter 7 Language and Discord ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • DIPLOMACY, CANADIAN-AMERICAN RELATIONS and ACID RAIN DIPLOMACY, CANADIAN-AMERICAN RELATIONS and the ISSUE of ACID RAIN by NANCY MARY MACKNESON, B.A
    DIPLOMACY, CANADIAN-AMERICAN RELATIONS AND ACID RAIN DIPLOMACY, CANADIAN-AMERICAN RELATIONS AND THE ISSUE OF ACID RAIN By NANCY MARY MACKNESON, B.A. (Hons) A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University (c) Copyright by Nancy Mary MacKneson, September 1993 MASTER OF ARTS (1993) McMaster University (Political Science) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: Diplomacy, Canadian-American Relations and the Issue of Acid Rain AUTHOR: Nancy Mary MacKneson, B.A.(Hons) (Trent University) SUPERVISOR: Professor Kim Richard Nossal NUMBER OF PAGES: vi,160 ii ABSlRACf Diplomacy has been an important component in international relations since the earliest of civilizations. As societies evolved, so did diplomacy. In the context of the relationship between Canada and the United States the issue of acid rain resulted in some unusual diplomatic tactics being employed by Canada. This thesis seeks to review the degree of this unusual behaviour and determine whether it is an indication of a shift in the nature of diplomacy in the Canadian-American relationship, or an isolated incident, not likely to be repeated. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMEN1S There are a number of people to whom I am indebted for the successful completion of this thesis. Of particular note is my supervisor, Professor Kim Richard Nossal, for his patience and guidance throughout the many months. In addition, I appreciative of the support and suggestions from Professors Richard Stubbs and George Breckenridge. I also owe a great deal to my parents for granting me the gift of curiosity as well as their constant support as I searched for answers.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada in World Affairs History 389 Fall 2018
    St. Jerome’s University in the University of Waterloo Department of History Canada in World Affairs History 389 Fall 2018 Instructor: Dr. Thirstan Falconer Lectures: Mondays, 10:30am-12:20pm, SJ1 3020 Wednesdays, 10:30am-11:20pm, SJ1 3020 Office: Mondays, 2:30pm-4:30pm or by Appointment, SH 2009 (SH 2020 in Oct) E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: 519-884-8111 ext. 28233 Course Objectives This course introduces students to the history of Canadian foreign relations since 1867 to 2000, with a particular emphasis on the twentieth century and how diplomatic, cultural, economic, and military interactions with other states shaped Canada’s political and social development. The primary focus will be on Canada’s evolving relationships with the United Kingdom, the United States. Learning Objectives Through the lectures, readings, and seminars, students are intended to develop a testable understanding of how Canadian foreign relations has developed and progressed through various domestic and international influences between 1867-2000. The seminar discussions are intended to sharpen how students approach written and media sources, as well as instill an understanding that all sources must be scrutinized rather than accepted at face value. They will also cover material not investigated in-class. Furthermore, these readings should help the student develop the ability to understand that there are numerous approaches and debates to how the history of Canadian foreign relations is written and understood. The various workshops will prepare students for library research, the briefing note assignment, and the live briefing note exercise. Attendance is mandatory. The written briefing document, and the instructions below for that assignment, should help foster students’ ability to write thoughtfully and persuasively as well as develop their ability to analyze research questions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Good Fight Marcel Cadieux and Canadian Diplomacy
    THE GOOD FIGHT MARCEL CADIEUX AND CANADIAN DIPLOMACY BRENDAN KELLY UBC PRESS © SAMPLE MATERIAL CONTENTS Foreword / ix Robert Bothwell and John English Preface / xii 1 The Birth of a French Canadian Nationalist, 1915–41 / 3 2 Premières Armes: Ottawa, London, Brussels, 1941–47 / 24 3 The Making of a Diplomat and Cold Warrior, 1947–55 / 55 4 A Versatile Diplomat, 1955–63 / 98 5 Departmental Tensions: Cadieux, Paul Martin Sr., and Canadian Foreign Policy, 1963–68 / 135 6 A Lonely Fight: Countering France and the Establishment of Quebec’s “International Personality,” 1963–67 / 181 7 The National Unity Crisis: Resisting Quebec and France at Home and in la Francophonie, 1967–70 / 228 UBC PRESS © SAMPLE MATERIAL CONTENTS 8 The Politician and the Civil Servant: Pierre Trudeau, Cadieux, and the DEA, 1968–70 / 260 9 Ambassadorial Woes: Washington, 1970–75 / 296 10 Final Assignments, 1975–81 / 337 Conclusion / 376 Acknowledgments / 380 List of Abbreviations / 382 Notes / 384 Bibliography / 445 Illustration Credits / 461 Index / 463 UBC PRESS ©viii SAMPLE MATERIAL 1 THE BIRTH OF A FRENCH CANADIAN NATIONALIST, 1915–41 n an old christening custom that is all but forgotten today, Joseph David Roméo Marcel Cadieux was marked from birth by a traditional IFrench Canadian Catholicism. As a boy, he was named after Saint Joseph. The Hebraic David was the first name of his godfather, his paternal grandfather, a Montreal plasterer. Marcel’s father, Roméo, joined the Royal Mail and married Berthe Patenaude in 1914. She was one of more than a dozen children of Arthur Patenaude, a “gentleman” landowner whose family had deep roots in what had once been the Seigneury of Longueuil, on the south shore of the St.
    [Show full text]
  • A Perennial Problem”: Canadian Relations with Hungary, 1945-65
    Hungarian Studies Review, Vol. XLIII, Nos. 1-2 (Spring-Fall, 2016) “A Perennial Problem”: Canadian Relations with Hungary, 1945-65 Greg Donaghy1 2014-15 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of Canadian- Hungarian diplomatic relations. On January 14, 1965, under cold blue skies and a bright sun, János Bartha, a 37-year-old expert on North Ameri- can affairs, arrived in the cozy, wood paneled offices of the Secretary of State for External Affairs, Paul Martin Sr. As deputy foreign minister Marcel Cadieux and a handful of diplomats looked on, Bartha presented his credentials as Budapest’s first full-time representative in Canada. Four months later, on May 18, Canada’s ambassador to Czechoslovakia, Mal- colm Bow, arrived in Budapest to present his credentials as Canada’s first non-resident representative to Hungary. As he alighted from his embassy car, battered and dented from an accident en route, with its fender flag already frayed, grey skies poured rain. The contrasting settings in Ottawa and Budapest are an apt meta- phor for this uneven and often distant relationship. For Hungary, Bartha’s arrival was a victory to savor, the culmination of fifteen years of diplo- matic campaigning and another step out from beneath the shadows of the postwar communist take-over and the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. For Canada, the benefits were much less clear-cut. In the context of the bitter East-West Cold War confrontation, closer ties with communist Hungary demanded a steep domestic political price in exchange for a bundle of un- certain economic, consular, and political gains.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017IMPACT REPORT 2 “Life Changes in the Instant
    2017IMPACT REPORT 2 “Life changes in the instant. The ordinary instant.” JOAN DIDION For me, “that ordinary instant” happened in 2006 oral antibiotic (minocycline) can greatly reduce the risk of early disease when my son, then 23, was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. progression in MS. This was an incredible discovery coming from the Nothing in our family background prepared us for this, and our labs of Drs. Wee Yong and Luanne Metz, and we hope to see more only experience with MS had been through a dear friend who was real-world research impacts like this one in 2018. Another notable diagnosed at 45 with primary-progressive MS. Fortunately, my collaboration is our partnership with Biogen Canada and Brain Canada son’s experience has been very different from our friend’s, which to launch a multi-year cohort study to investigate key questions about was tragic. Back then, there was little hope, and today there is a disease progression, like why do some people develop secondary great deal. progressive MS and others do not? Through the lens of an incurable and unpredictable disease, The beginning of 2018 marked a significant milestone in MS treatments. not knowing what the future holds is frightening. The MS Health Canada approved Ocrevus, the first disease-modifying therapy Society of Canada aims to give people hope for a better for people living with primary-progressive MS. Ocrevus is a step tomorrow, fueled by information and knowledge that forward in treatment options; however, we know one treatment does helps people make the decisions that are right for them.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tribute to the Honourable R. Gordon Robertson, P.C., C.C., LL.D., F.R.S.C., D.C.L
    A Tribute to The Honourable R. Gordon Robertson, P.C., C.C., LL.D., F.R.S.C., D.C.L. By Thomas d’Aquino MacKay United Church Ottawa January 21, 2013 Reverend Doctor Montgomery; members of the Robertson family; Joan - Gordon’s dear companion; Your Excellency; Madam Chief Justice; friends, I am honoured – and humbled – to stand before you today, at Gordon’s request, to pay tribute to him and to celebrate with you his remarkable life. He wished this occasion to be one, not of sadness, but of celebration of a long life, well lived, a life marked by devotion to family and to country. Gordon Robertson – a good, fair, principled, and ever so courteous man - was a modest person. But we here today know that he was a giant. Indeed, he has been described as his generation’s most distinguished public servant – and what a generation that was! Gordon was proud of his Saskatchewan roots. Born in 1917 in Davidson – a town of 300 “on the baldest prairie”, in Gordon’s words, he thrived under the affection of his Norwegian-American mother and grandparents. He met his father – of Scottish ancestry - for the first time at the age of two, when he returned home after convalescing from serious wounds suffered at the epic Canadian victory at Vimy Ridge. He was, by Gordon’s account, a stern disciplinarian who demanded much of his son in his studies, in pursuit of manly sports, and in his comportment. Gordon did not disappoint. He worked his way through drought- and depression-torn Saskatchewan, attended Regina College and the University of Saskatchewan, and in 1938 was on his way to Oxford University, a fresh young Rhodes Scholar.
    [Show full text]
  • The Duke the DUKE
    of c Volume 2, Issue 23 December 2020 THE DUKE The Duke REMEMBRANCE DAY 2020 Inside this issue: Remembrance Day ........... 1 October 2020 Events ........ 14 November 2020 Events .... 30 December 2020 Events .... 43 Miscellaneous ................... 63 The Start Line .................... 72 The Barrett Bunker ............ 73 Historical Articles ............... 77 Duke’s Den..................... 115 Museum Society..............115 Association Kit Shop........116 Asleep..............................118 REMEMBRANCE DAY 11 NOVEMBER 2020 Submitted by LCol Vincent Virk, CO Today we knew was going to be a weird day at best, without our traditional Regimental Parade and march around the Vancouver Cenotaph. It was extra painful for me having to self-isolate this week preventing me from attending with you at the PNE grounds. Though I must say the efforts of the Association and the Regimental wreath parties at key locations has still allowed for us to feel connected on this day. The remembrance at the 29th Battalion CEF Monument at the PNE was very well done and attended by over 75 BCR soldiers online. Please pass on my kudos to all those involved in putting this together. The Wait for me Daddy wreath laying party was befitting for such a special and dear monument to our Regiment. Finally, the readings of the Cpl Alexander and Wu at Christ Church Cathedral as part of a wreath laying party was streamed live and can be found on youtube at https://www.thecathedral.ca/livestreams/34. These efforts show the whole Regimental Family is able to adapt and carry on in face of the greatest challenges of this generation of soldiers.
    [Show full text]
  • ''Six Mois A` Hanoi'': Marcel Cadieux, Canada, and The
    BRENDAN KELLY ‘‘Six mois a` Hanoi’’: Marcel Cadieux, Canada, and the International Commission for Supervision and Control in Vietnam, 1954–5 Abstract: Drawing on an unpublished memoir by Marcel Cadieux entitled ‘‘Six mois a` Hanoi,’’ this article offers the first biographical study of a Canadian diplomat to serve on the International Commission for Supervision and Control in Vietnam. It argues that Cadieux’s pioneering experience on that commission during its first months in 1954–5 shaped his pro-American views on the Vietnam War as under- secretary of state for external affairs between 1964 and 1970. It also uses Cadieux’s tenure in Hanoi as a lens through which to explore larger issues of both long-standing and more recent interest to Canadian international historians, including the bureaucratic culture of the Department of External Affairs, Canadian diplomacy’s relationship with the decolonizing countries of the Third World, and the role of race, culture, religion, and anti-communism in the making of Canadian foreign policy. Keywords: Marcel Cadieux, biography, Canada, Vietnam, diplomacy, Interna- tional Commission for Supervision and Control, Department of External Affairs, Cold War, Vietnam War, Third World, decolonization, communism, race, culture, religion Re´sume´ : S’appuyant sur un me´moire ine´dit de Marcel Cadieux intitule´ « Six mois a` Hanoi », l’auteur pre´sente la premie`re e´tude biographique d’un diplomate canadien ayant sie´ge´ a` la Commission internationale pour la surveillance et le controˆle au Vieˆt- Nam. Selon lui, l’expe´rience pionnie`re de Cadieux durant les premiers mois d’existence de cette commission, en 1954-1955, a fac¸onne´ ses opinions proame´ricaines au sujet de la guerre du Vieˆt-Nam alors qu’il e´tait sous-secre´taire d’E´tat aux Affaires exte´rieures, de 1964 a` 1970.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Canada's Relations with French Africa, 1945-1968
    THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Shifting Priorities: the evolution of Canada's relations with French Africa, 1945-1968 by Robin Stewart Gendron A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PI-IILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY CALGARY, ALBERTA AUGUST, 2001 O Robin Stewart Gendron 2001 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 191 of canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington Ottawa ON KI A ON4 Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Canada Canada Your file Voire r$lérsnce Our fife NoIr8 dl$mnce The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence dowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/fh, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ,ownership,of ,the L'auteur ,conserve ,la propriété ,du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or othenvise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Abstract In the 1940s and 1950~~the Canadian government viewed developments in France's African dependencies through the prism of the Cold War, the importance to Canada of its relations with France, and France's membership in the North Atlantic alliance.
    [Show full text]