Kroeber, White, and Bidney: Triangulating the Superorganic
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Review Of" Chicago Sociology, 1920-1932" by REL Faris
Swarthmore College Works History Faculty Works History 12-1-1973 Review Of "Chicago Sociology, 1920-1932" By R. E.L. Faris Robert C. Bannister Swarthmore College Follow this and additional works at: https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-history Part of the History Commons Let us know how access to these works benefits ouy Recommended Citation Robert C. Bannister. (1973). "Review Of "Chicago Sociology, 1920-1932" By R. E.L. Faris". Isis. Volume 64, Issue 224. 570-571. DOI: 10.1086/351211 https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-history/196 This work is brought to you for free by Swarthmore College Libraries' Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Review Author(s): Robert C. Bannister Review by: Robert C. Bannister Source: Isis, Vol. 64, No. 4 (Dec., 1973), pp. 570-571 Published by: The University of Chicago Press on behalf of The History of Science Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/229679 Accessed: 11-06-2015 16:03 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press and The History of Science Society are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Isis. -
A. L. Kroeber Papers, 1869-1972
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf3d5n99tn No online items Guide to the A. L. Kroeber Papers, 1869-1972 Processed by Xiuzhi Zhou Jane Bassett Lauren Lassleben Claora Styron; machine-readable finding aid created by James Lake The Bancroft Library. University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California, 94720-6000 Phone: (510) 642-6481 Fax: (510) 642-7589 Email: [email protected] URL: http://bancroft.berkeley.edu © 1998 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Note History --History, University of California --History, UC BerkeleyGeographical (by Place) --University of California --University of California BerkeleySocial Sciences --AnthropologySocial Sciences --Area and Interdisciplinary Studies --Native American Studies Guide to the A. L. Kroeber BANC FILM 2049 BANC MSS C-B 925 1 Papers, 1869-1972 Guide to the A. L. Kroeber Papers, 1869-1972 Collection number: BANC FILM 2049 BANC MSS C-B 925 The Bancroft Library University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California Contact Information: The Bancroft Library. University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California, 94720-6000 Phone: (510) 642-6481 Fax: (510) 642-7589 Email: [email protected] URL: http://bancroft.berkeley.edu Processed by: Xiuzhi Zhou Jane Bassett Lauren Lassleben Claora Styron Date Completed: 1997 Encoded by: James Lake © 1998 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Collection Summary Collection Title: A. L. Kroeber Papers, Date (inclusive): 1869-1972 Collection Number: BANC FILM 2049 BANC MSS C-B 925 Creator: Kroeber, A. L. (Alfred Louis), 1876-1960 Extent: Originals: 40 boxes, 21 cartons, 14 volumes, 9 oversize folders (circa 45 linear feet)Copies: 187 microfilm reels: negative (Rich. -
Linton, Ralph
ANTHROPOLOGY THOUGHT JUNE 2019 Linton, Ralph Ralph Linton (1893–1953), American cultural anthropologist, was one of the major contributors to the reconstruction of anthropology during the second quarter of the twentieth century. Trained in the traditions of the North American “historical school” of anthropology, Lin ton remained loyal throughout his career to the broad interests and general principles established by Franz Boas and other American anthropologists. But with the publication in 1936 of The Study of Man, which was quickly recognized by social scientists all over the world as a pioneering study of human behavior, he embarked on a series of creative and stimulating studies which provided new conceptions of social structure and cultural organization. He related these conceptions in a clear if somewhat simple manner to the biological individual and his personality and utilized them in his analyses of the processes of cultural change. Linton belonged to the “third generation” of American academic anthropologists, succeeding such second-generation students of Putnam and Boas as Wissler, Dixon, Kroeber, Goldenweiser, Lowie, Sapir, and Radin. These academicians, together with a number of outstanding journeymen and masters involved more in field research than in teaching, had created a distinctive variety of anthropology. Like Tylor in England, they had a holistic approach to human studies which is still, thanks in part to Linton, a mark of American anthropology. In the Americas much more than in Europe almost all anthropological study and training had been nurtured by experience in the field and disciplined by the empiricism required by field work on specific problems treating the temporal and spatial dimensions of culture. -
Franz Boas: Who He Was, What He Did, and Why It Matters
Anderson 1 Dylan Anderson Carol Pannocione GERM-1020 7 February 2020 Franz Boas: Who he was, what he did, and why it matters Franz Boas, to this day, is a figure in anthropology whose importance to the discipline can hardly be rivaled by any other figure. The ways in which his radical school of thought overhauled American anthropology cannot be overstated. Old ways of thinking with regards to race and culture were thrown to the wayside by Boas and his students. His life as well as his works were drenched in controversy and rivalry, partly due to his attack on the academic status quo. 1. Biography When Bendix Feibes Aron Levi was made to take a surname in 1808, he took the surname Boas, after the character from the Book of Ruth (Zumwalt 2). Bendix Boas went on, then, to become a textile merchant in Lubbecke, cementing a position in the community (2). At some point, his descendants moved to Minden (3). This is where Boas’ life began. Franz Uri Boas was born in Minden, a small town in the Westphalia region of Prussia on 9 July 1858 (King 14). His parents – Meier and Sophie Boas – were upper-class and highly educated Jews who ascribed to Haskalah thought (15). Haskalah was a philosophical school of Judaism concerned with the moral and cultural renewal of Judaism, especially the revival of the Hebrew language in daily usage. Although he was an excellent student all throughout school, his teachers bemoaned the fact that he never had any firm interest (King 16). He did especially well in high school in the Anderson 2 classical languages, geography, and arithmetic (16). -
Clyde Kluckhohn
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES C LYDE KAY MA B E N K LUCKHOHN 1905—1960 A Biographical Memoir by MELVILLE J. H ERSKOVITS Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1964 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. CLYDE KAY MABEN KLUCKHOHN January n, igo^—July 28, ig6o BY MELVILLE J. HERSKOVITS HEN CLYDE KLUCKHOHN was seventeen years old ill health W caused him to spend two years in New Mexico and Arizona, on what he later described as "the fringes of the Indian Country." This experience was to be decisive in shaping his subsequent career as an anthropologist. It brought into focus what, in his own words, was "the fact that I grew up in an English settlement in Iowa and early perceived, however dimly, a cross-cultural situation." It was this perception, steadily sharpened by continuous field research, omnivorous reading, and constant probing for theoretical implica- tion, that brought him to the point of achievement and reputa- tion he had attained when a coronary thrombosis abruptly ended his life in the very Indian country where he had worked, and which he so greatly loved. During all his scientific career he consistently followed both mi- croethnographic and macroethnographic lines of anthropological in- terest. There are, in various parts of die world, those who are dis- tinguished because of the skill with which they have probed ever more deeply into particular cultures, but it is difficult to name one who is as deeply concerned with theoretical significance as with ethnographic fact. -
Multilinear Euo Lution: Eaolution and Process'
'1. Multilinear Euolution: Eaolution and Process' THEMEANING Of EVOLUIION Cultural evolution, although long an unfashionable concept, has commanded renewed interest in the last two decades. This interest does not indicate any seriousreconsideration of the particular historical reconstructions of the nineteenth-century evolutionists, for thesc were quite thoroughly discredited on empirical grounds. It arises from the potential methodological importance of cultural evolution for con- temporary research, from the implications of its scientific objectives, its taxonomic procedures, and its conceptualization of historical change and cultural causality. An appraisal of cultural evolution, therefore, must be concerned with definitions and meanings. But I do not wish to engage in semantics. I shall attempt to show that if certain distinc- tions in the concept of evolution are made, it is evident that certain methodological propositions find fairly wide acceptance today. In order to clear the ground, it is necessaryfirst to consider the meaning of cultural evolution in relation to biological evolution, for there is a wide tendency to consider the former as an extension of, I This chapter is adapted lrom "Evolution and Process," in Anthropology Today: An Encyclopedic Inaentory, ed. A. L. Kroeber (University of Chicago Press, 1953), pp. 313-26, by courtesy of The University of Chicago Press. l1 12 THEoR'- oF cuLTURE cIIANGE and thercfore analogousto, the latter. There is, of course,a relation- ship betrveen biological and cultural evolution in that a minimal dcvclopment of the Hominidae was a prccondition of culture. But cultural cvolution is an extension of biological evolution only in a chronological sense (Huxley, 1952). The nature of the cvolutionary schemesand of the devclopmental processesdiffers profoundly in. -
Culture History: a Culture- Historical Approach
CHAPTER 2 Culture History: A Culture- Historical Approach GARY S. WEBSTER The history of ideas is concerned with all that called culture-historical. And it distinguishes culture- insidious thought, that whole interplay of rep- historical from alternate contemporaneous types of resentations that flow anonymously between texts (e.g., functional-processual, evolutionary) on the men. basis not of age or author or sociopolitical function, -Michel Foucault, but rather on the basis of the formal characteristics The Archaeology of Knowledge displayed by their statements. As with any classificatory approach, culture his- CULTUREHISTORYCAN be variously conceived. Many tory has benefits and weaknesses (Mayr 1995). On the have considered it the dominant twentieth-cen- positive side it puts order to the unwieldy variation tury paradigm prior to the New Archaeology of the displayed by the massive culture-historical literature. 1960s-at least among Anglo-American trained ar- In doing so it makes possible comparisons with other chaeologists (Strong 1952; Trigger 1989:206; Lyman such traditions, as well as their accompanying dis- et al. 1997b:v, 1997a:1; Binford 1965, 1968; Caldwell course. A classificatory approach also seems especially 1959; Meltzer 1979; Dunnell 1978; Flannery 1967). suited to a phenomenon of such uncertain historical Others, like Clarke, have seen it as a preparadigmatic integrity. For it is important to realize that culture- "disconnected bundle of inadequate sub-theories" (D. historical archaeology-its tenets and principles-was Clarke 1968:xiii). It is often written about as though largely defined in retrospect, and usually by its critics synonymous with the research histories or biographies (Lyman et al. -
Culture and Personality Studies
Culture and Culture and Personality studies: Introduction ‘Culture and personality’ is the earliest name of the school or thoughts of school. It is important study in psychological anthropology, thus culture and personality studies, also called psychological anthropology. Its beginnings are associated especially with the great American linguist and anthropologist Edward Sapir (1884—1939). Sapir was influenced by German Gestalt psychologists, who had argued that perception could be understood only when the thing perceived was viewed not as an assemblage of separate elements, but as an organized pattern (Gestalt). So when one looks, for example, at a landscape painting, one sees it not as flat planes of colour laid against one another, but as a whole — ‘a landscape’. This example shows us too why a whole may be more than the sum of its parts and have its own essential properties. In this Gestalt view, meaning was a function of organized patterns, and Sapir applied this idea to his analyses of language and of culture and personality. Sapir was suspicious of the contemporary concept of culture, which he described as ‘tidy tables of contents’ attached to particular groups of people. In an influential 1934 essay he argued that ‘the more fully one tries to understand a culture, the more it seems to take on the characteristics of a personality organization’ (1985 [1949]: 594). The study of the development of personality was Sapir’s solution to the problems posed by the way that, in anthropological accounts, culture ‘can be made to assume the appearance of a closed system of behaviour’ (p. 594). -
Alfred Kroeber Died in Paris in His Eighty- O Fifth Year, Ending Six Decades of Continuous and Brilliant Pro- Ductivity
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES A L F R E D K ROE B ER 1876—1960 A Biographical Memoir by J U L I A N H . S TEWARD Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1962 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. ALFRED LOUIS KROEBER June II, 1876-October 5, i960 BY JULIAN H. STEWARD THE LAST DAY N OCTOBER 5, i960, Alfred Kroeber died in Paris in his eighty- o fifth year, ending six decades of continuous and brilliant pro- ductivity. His professional reputation was second to none, and he was warmly respected by his colleagues as the dean of anthropology. Kroeber's insatiable curiosity had not been curtailed, his scientific writing had not slackened, and his zest for living was undiminished. His last illness, resulting from, a heart condition which had been in- curred during the Second World War, came less than an hour before his death. The fullness of Kroeber's life was manifest in many ways.1 He xFor much of the personal information, I have drawn upon several unpublished manuscripts written by Kroeber in 1958 and 1959 for the Bancroft Library: "Early Anthropology at Columbia," "Teaching Staff (at California)," and the typescript of an interview. Mrs. Kroeber has rilled me in on many details of his personal life, especially before 1925 when I first knew him, and Professor Robert Heizer has helped round out the picture in many ways. Important insights into Kroeber's childhood and youth are provided by the late Dr. -
Leslie White (1900-1975)
Neoevolutionism Leslie White Julian Steward Neoevolutionism • 20th century evolutionists proposed a series of explicit, scientific laws liking cultural change to different spheres of material existence. • Although clearly drawing upon ideas of Marx and Engels, American anthropologists could not emphasize Marxist ideas due to reactionary politics. • Instead they emphasized connections to Tylor and Morgan. Neoevolutionism • Resurgence of evolutionism was much more apparent in U.S. than in Britain. • Idea of looking for systematic cultural changes through time fit in better with American anthropology because of its inclusion of archaeology. • Most important contribution was concern with the causes of change rather than mere historical reconstructions. • Changes in modes of production have consequences for other arenas of culture. • Material factors given causal priority Leslie White (1900-1975) • Personality and Culture 1925 • A Problem in Kinship Terminology 1939 • The Pueblo of Santa Ana 1942 • Energy and the Evolution of Culture 1943 • Diffusion Versus Evolution: An Anti- evolutionist Fallacy 1945 • The Expansion of the Scope of Science 1947 • Evolutionism in Cultural Anthropology: A Rejoinder 1947 • The Science of Culture 1949 • The Evolution of Culture 1959 • The Ethnology and Ethnography of Franz Boas 1963 • The Concept of Culture 1973 Leslie White • Ph.D. dissertation in 1927 on Medicine Societies of the Southwest from University of Chicago. • Taught by Edward Sapir. • Taught at University of Buffalo & University of Michigan. • Students included Marshall Sahlins and Elman Service. • A converted Boasian who went back to Morgan’s ideas of evolutionism after reading League of the Iroquois. • Culture is based upon symbols and uniquely human ability to symbolize. • White calls science of culture "culturology" • Claims that "culture grows out of culture" • For White, culture cannot be explained biologically or psychologically, but only in terms of itself. -
05 Neo-Evolutionism
Paper No. : 10 Theories and methods in social and cultural Anthropology Module : 05 Neo-Evolutionism Development Team Principal Investigator Prof. Anup Kumar Kapoor Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi Paper Coordinator Prof. Anup Kumar Kapoor Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi Vineet Kumar Verma Content Writer Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi Prof. Subir Biswas, Department of Anthropology, West Content Reviewer Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal 1 Theories and methods in social and cultural Anthropology Anthropology Neo-Evolutionism Description of Module Subject Name Anthropology Paper Name 10 Theories and methods in social and cultural Anthropology Module Name/Title Neo-Evolutionism Module Id 05 2 Theories and methods in social and cultural Anthropology Anthropology Neo-Evolutionism Table of Contents Introduction 1. Early anthropological theory 2. History of nineteenth-century classical evolutionists 3. Neo-evolutionist 4. Neo-evolutionists Scholars V. Gordon Childe (England) Julian Steward (U.S.A) Leslie White (U.S.A) Summary Learning Objective To introduce history of anthropological thought by tracing its historical development To classify the course of historical development, academic, and Anthropological importance in terms of its development An attempt to look Methodological approaches to the origin of culture 3 Theories and methods in social and cultural Anthropology Anthropology Neo-Evolutionism Introduction A theoretical orientation is usually a general attitude about how cultural phenomena are to be explained. A number of thinkers during this period began to discuss evolution and how it might occur. The prevailing theoretical orientation in anthropology during the 19th century was based on a belief that culture generally evolves in a uniform and progressive manner; that is, most societies were believed to pass through the same series of stages, to arrive ultimately at a common end. -
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This article was downloaded by: [Australian National University Library] On: 21 July 2009 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 907447645] Publisher Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK The Journal of Pacific History Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713435447 Cultural Divisions and Island Environments since the Time of Dumont d'Urville Paul D'Arcy Online Publication Date: 01 September 2003 To cite this Article D'Arcy, Paul(2003)'Cultural Divisions and Island Environments since the Time of Dumont d'Urville',The Journal of Pacific History,38:2,217 — 235 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/0022334032000120549 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022334032000120549 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.