1947–1977 First Supplement–Ninth Supplement

A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of

DOCUMENTS OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL

Ninth Supplement

A UPA Collection from

DOCUMENTS OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL

Documents of the National Security Council, 1947–1977 First Supplement–Ninth Supplement

Index to Documents of the National Security Council

Minutes of Meetings of the National Security Council, with Special Advisory Reports

Minutes of Meetings of the National Security Council: First Supplement–Fourth Supplement

UPA Collections from LexisNexis® www.lexisnexis.com/academic DOCUMENTS OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL

Ninth Supplement

Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester

Guide compiled by Dan Elasky

A UPA Collection from

7500 Old Georgetown Road • Bethesda, MD 20814-6126 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Documents of the National Security Council. Ninth supplement [microform] / project coordinator, Robert E. Lester. microfilm reels ; 35 mm. Accompanied by a printed guide compiled by Dan Elasky. ISBN 0-88692-676-9 1. National Security Council (U.S.)—Archives. 2. National Security—United States—History—Sources. 3. United States—Foreign relations—20th century— Sources. 4. United States—Military policy—Sources. I. Lester, Robert. II. Elasky, Dan. III. National Security Council (U.S.) IV. University Publications of America (Firm)

UA23.15 355'.033073—dc22

2006045219 CIP

ii TABLE OF CONTENTS

Scope and Content Note ...... v Source Note ...... ix Abbreviations ...... xi

Reel Index

Reel 1 National Security Council Intelligence Directive (NSCID) ...... 1 National Security Action Memoranda (NSAM)...... 1 National Security Study Memoranda (NSSM) ...... 2 National Security Decision Memoranda (NSDM) ...... 3 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files Under Secretaries Decision Memorandums (U/DM) ...... 4

Reels 2–6 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Decision Memorandums (U/DM) cont...... 5

Reel 7 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Decision Memorandums (U/DM) cont...... 11 Under Secretaries Study Memorandums (U/SM) ...... 11

Reels 8–11 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Study Memorandums (U/SM) cont...... 12

Reel 12 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Study Memorandums (U/SM) cont...... 18 Presidential Review Memoranda (PRM)...... 19 Presidential Directives (PD)...... 19 National Security Study Directives (NSSD) ...... 20 National Security Decision Directives (NSDD) ...... 21 National Security Planning Group ...... 25 Presidential Decision Directives ...... 25

Principal Correspondents Index ...... 27 Subject Index...... 33 Appendix I National Security Act of 1947...... 45 Appendix II National Security Officials 1947–present...... 49 Appendix III Security Classifications ...... 51

iii

SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE

Documents of the National Security Council, Ninth Supplement brings together a large number of documents issued by the National Security Council (NSC). The documents cover a broad range of issues during the years 1947 through 1994 in the areas of national defense and security, nuclear weapons and testing, arms control, general foreign relations, foreign aid, trade relations, and international cooperation. According to the official White House Web site (www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/), “[t]he NSC is the President’s principal forum for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials. Since its inception under President Truman, the function of the Council has been to advise and assist the President on national security and foreign policies. The Council also serves as the President’s principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies.” The excellent “History of the National Security Council, 1947–1997,” written by the Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State, August 1997, can be found at www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/history. Different administrations had different names for their NSC documents, but some of the more prominent were National Security Council Intelligence Directives (Truman and Eisenhower), National Security Action Memorandums (Kennedy and Johnson), National Security Study Memorandums and National Security Decision Memorandums (Nixon and Ford), and National Security Decision Directives (Reagan). The material in this collection is arranged in sections containing documents of each designation. A typical set of documents included a directive from the president, often through his national security adviser, that ordered the NSC staff or its Under Secretaries Committee (USC) to consider an issue, conduct appropriate studies (through meetings and working subgroups), and come to agreement on and submit a set of recommendations to the president. The NSC staff or USC would do this, and the president would then review the studies and recommendations and issue his decisions in a document called an Action Memorandum, Decision Directive, or Decision Memorandum. The collection includes documents written or signed by many important officials, including presidents, national security advisers, other NSC officers, federal department secretaries and under secretaries, and independent agency heads. The list includes William J. Clinton, Jeanne W. Davis, Peter M. Flanigan, James Forrestal, Alexander M. Haig, Arthur A. Hartman, Richard Helms, Walter J. Hickel, John H. Holdridge, Robert S. Ingersoll, John N. Irwin II, Lyndon Baines Johnson, U. Alexis Johnson, John F. Kennedy, Henry A. Kissinger, Melvin R. Laird, Richard M. Nixon, David Packard, Peter G. Peterson, John M. Poindexter, Herman Pollack, William J. Porter, Colin L. Powell, Ronald Reagan, Elliott L. Richardson, William P. Rogers, Kenneth Rush, Dean Rusk, Nathaniel Samuels, Harold H. Saunders, Brent Scowcroft, George P. Shultz, Joseph J. Sisco, Helmut Sonnenfeldt, Llewellyn E. Thompson, Russell E. Train, Viron P. Vaky, and Ron Ziegler. The following sections describe the major topics covered in this collection.

v General Foreign Relations Presidents from Harry S. Truman to Ronald Reagan charged the NSC with formulating consistent, credible U.S. policies toward various countries and world regions, especially areas that were facing serious problems or with which the United States was experiencing difficult relations. These places included, at different times, South America, Central America, Indochina, Portugal, Greece, the Philippines, South Korea, southern Africa, the Horn of Africa, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Mexico, Israel, the Middle East, Oceania, China, and the USSR. Collection documents show the USC members engaging in debates over which direction U.S. policy should take. In general, the State Department and NSC staffers advocated policies that they felt would further U.S. political interests, while the Defense Department argued for positions that would enhance U.S. security at home and defense posture abroad, and the under secretaries of other departments like Commerce and Treasury tended to support policies that furthered U.S. economic and financial interests. The USC—composed of under secretaries of the various federal departments, plus top officials from the major independent agencies and the military—became heavily involved in deciding whether, and to what extent, the United States should engage in international cooperation, especially in the areas of science, technology, and environment. Specific topics included the cooperative or competitive development of both the Arctic region and Antarctica, ocean mineral resources development, pollution control, weather modification, disaster relief, hurricane abatement, and medical research. The aspect of cooperation that received the most substantial NSC attention was international collaboration in space; most significantly, between the United States and the USSR but also involving other countries like Japan. President Nixon remarked: “Just as space exploration has benefited from competition between the United States and the Soviet Union, it could also benefit from cooperation. It could help to raise the level of confidence between the Soviets and ourselves and promote a greater sense of world community.” Another hot topic centered around the question of whether the United States should help Europe—France, in particular—to build a European facility for enriching uranium. During the years of the Nixon administration, the NSC conducted an exhaustive assessment of cooperative U.S.-USSR research projects in areas such as space, medicine, energy, and the environment. A fascinating feature of these documents is the USC working group’s examination of who benefited more, the United States or the Soviet Union, from each set of research projects. This calculation is referred to as the “balance of advantage.” Additional collection documents show the NSC grappling with other foreign relations issues, including the threats of insurgency in places like Thailand, Bolivia, and Africa; the building of new embassies and consulates; reductions in U.S. civil and military employment abroad; federal agency funding for research on foreign affairs; and what to do about inferior, “makeshift” U.S. exhibits at international expositions and fairs.

Economic Relations The most important aspects of U.S. economic relations with the rest of the world that the NSC studied involved aid or trade. During the Nixon years, the USC and its working groups performed a comprehensive review of U.S. foreign aid, with a view (at Nixon’s order) to reorganize the entire system. At various times, the NSC also reviewed aid to specific countries, as well as country groups such as developing countries or its subset, the least developing countries.

vi Other major efforts focused on international trade. The under secretaries studied and issued recommendations on tariffs and trade preferences for selected U.S. trading partners, including Latin America and the developing world. The NSC examined the likely impacts of European Community (EC) expansion on U.S. and world trade, considered the advisability of relaxing or tightening the controls on exports of sensitive items like computers and space technology, and made recommendations concerning economic sanctions on various nations including South Africa, Cuba, and countries like Lebanon, Egypt, and Jordan that sheltered skyjackers.

Military Affairs The NSC devoted considerable effort to studying questions of critical importance to U.S. defense and world peace. These questions included the following: Should NATO build up its forces and, if so, what role should the United States play? How can the United States get the Federal Republic of Germany to shoulder more of the heavy costs of stationing U.S. troops in West Germany? Should the United States reduce or increase its troop deployments in countries like South Korea, Thailand, and the Philippines? How should the United States negotiate to keep its overseas bases, and which bases, if any, could be disbanded? Should the United States help Brazil build destroyers, sell jets to Argentina and Chile, or help the Netherlands build submarines? Should the United States increase or reduce its military assistance to Thailand, Korea, Israel, Africa, and Latin America? Other military topics in the collection include the proposed discontinuation of UN radio broadcasts to North Korea, the handling of maritime incidents such as the Coast Guard’s seizure of Soviet fishing vessels off the Alaska coast, and the coordination of U.S. intelligence on other countries. On the last subject, the navy and air force fought for the right to be in charge of air intelligence.

Treaties and Negotiations The NSC spent much of its energy attempting to lay out the appropriate U.S. positions on the negotiation or renegotiation of existing or proposed treaties. These included the ABM Treaty, the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), the Compact for the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia, the Limited Test Ban Treaty, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the Geneva Protocol of 1925 (on chemical weapons), the Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START), and the Seabed Arms Control Treaty. One of the most significant sets of documents in this collection is the series of National Security Decision Directives issued by President Ronald Reagan on his summit talks with Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev on U.S.-USSR arms reduction and other security issues affecting the two superpowers and, by implication, the rest of the world. Starting with preparations for the first meeting between the two men in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1985, a series of directives order the U.S. negotiating positions for the ongoing Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START) and related nuclear testing and space defense talks that led eventually to the signing of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty in 1987 and the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) in 1991. The directives lay out the negotiating positions, including the quids pro quo between the two sides, in great detail. It is fascinating to watch the offers and demands change from one summit meeting between the two principals to the next, as well as through the

vii subsequent rounds of talks between their negotiating teams. It is satisfying as well to see the positions of the two sides gradually move closer together. The collection is not without amusing asides. On several occasions, a White House official chides the NSC for the length of its submissions to the president. On one (Reel 2, Frame 0085), H. R. Haldeman sends a note to National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger on the voluminous supporting documentation attached to a memorandum on proposed U.S. civilian and military employment reductions in the Philippines: “This one sure looks like a good example of about 100 times too much paper. Don’t you just want to send in the summary? And maybe brief it on one page?” Overall, the collection offers the student of political history an unusual opportunity to examine the studies and recommendations prepared by the NSC groups on a wide variety of critical issues. Of equal interest, perhaps, is the manner in which the members debated their often fundamental disagreements on policy and eventually came to agree or at least compromise—or ultimately failed to reach common ground, even under heavy pressure from people like Elliott Richardson and Henry Kissinger.

viii SOURCE NOTE

The original documents that have been microfilmed for this publication are from the National Security Council Files, Record Group #273, deposited at the National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

ABBREVIATIONS

The following abbreviations have been used three or more times in this guide.

ABM Antiballistic missile CIA Central Intelligence Agency DoD Department of Defense EC European Community NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NSC National Security Council NST Nuclear and Space Talks R&D Research and development SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks START Strategic Arms Reduction Talks TTPI Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands UK United Kingdom UN United Nations USAID U.S. Agency for International Development USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

REEL INDEX

Following is a list of the folders that compose Documents of the National Security Council, Ninth Supplement. The four-digit number on the far left is the frame at which a particular file folder begins. This is followed by the file title and the date(s) of the file. Substantive issues are highlighted under the heading Major Topics, as are prominent correspondents under the heading Principal Correspondents. Major Topics and Principal Correspondents are listed in the order in which they appear on the film, and each is listed only once per folder.

Reel 1 Frame No. National Security Council Intelligence Directive (NSCID) 0001 NSCID 1(b) [December 1947–November 1955]. Major Topics: Intelligence Advisory Committee establishment; CIA; federal interagency relations; Army Department; State Department; Navy Department; Air Force Department; Joint Chiefs of Staff; Atomic Energy Commission; intelligence services; U.S. intelligence dissemination to foreign countries; intelligence dissemination to U.S. Information Agency and U.S. Public Health Service. Principal Correspondents: Alfred M. Gruenther; R. H. Hillenkoetter; Walter B. Smith. 0074 NSCID 2(a) [December 1947–January 1948]. Major Topics: Interagency coordination of intelligence gathering abroad; air intelligence coordination. Principal Correspondent: James Forrestal. 0087 NSCID 3(a) [December 1947–August 1952]. Major Topics: Interagency coordination of intelligence activities; allocation of responsibility to federal agencies; National Intelligence Surveys on individual countries; intelligence classification as basic, current, staff, departmental, or national; NSC directives to CIA; navy–air force disagreement over air intelligence responsibility; scientific and technical intelligence coordination. Principal Correspondents: James Forrestal; Sidney W. Souers. 0152 NSCID 4(a) [December 1947–January 1957]. Major Topics: National intelligence objectives; CIA; Soviet bloc; China; Asia. Principal Correspondent: Allen W. Dulles.

National Security Action Memoranda (NSAM) 0195 NSAM 14 [February 1961]. Major Topic: Loan to Brazil. Principal Correspondent: Dean Rusk.

1 Frame No.

0198 NSAM 72 [August 1961]. Major Topic: Civil defense. Principal Correspondent: John F. Kennedy. 0200 NSAM 73 [August 1961]. Major Topic: Saudi Arabia arms request. Principal Correspondent: John F. Kennedy. 0202 NSAM 74 [August 1961]. Major Topic: Poland taxation of foreigners. Principal Correspondent: John F. Kennedy. 0204 NSAM 75 [August 1961]. Major Topic: Poland tax restrictions. Principal Correspondent: John F. Kennedy. 0206 NSAM 79 [August 1961]. Major Topic: Poland taxation of foreigners restrictions. Principal Correspondent: John F. Kennedy. 0208 NSAM 82 [August 1961]. Major Topic: Allied military buildup. Principal Correspondent: John F. Kennedy. 0210 NSAM 83 [August 1961]. Major Topic: New Dublin embassy. Principal Correspondent: John F. Kennedy. 0212 NSAM 108 [October 1961]. Major Topic: Congolese diamonds. Principal Correspondents: McGeorge Bundy; John Marshall Butler. 0216 NSAM 131 [March–June 1962]. Major Topics: Counterinsurgency training; communism. Principal Correspondent: Maxwell D. Taylor. 0221 NSAM 313 [July 1964]. Major Topic: Press relations. Principal Correspondent: McGeorge Bundy. 0223 NSAM 319 [November 1964]. Major Topic: U.S. aid to Egypt. Principal Correspondent: McGeorge Bundy. 0225 NSAM 321 [December 1964]. Major Topic: Strategic stockpiles. Principal Correspondent: Lyndon B. Johnson.

National Security Study Memoranda (NSSM) 0228 NSSM 159 [September 1972]. Major Topic: Counterinsurgency aid to Thailand. Principal Correspondent: Henry A. Kissinger.

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0231 NSSM 231 [October 1975]. Major Topic: Israeli military equipment requests. Principal Correspondent: Henry A. Kissinger.

National Security Decision Memoranda (NSDM) 0235 NSDM 117 [July 1971]. Major Topic: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT V). Principal Correspondent: Richard M. Nixon. 0238 NSDM 120 [July 1971]. Major Topic: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT V). Principal Correspondent: Henry A. Kissinger. 0242 NSDM 124 [July 1971]. Major Topic: U.S.-UK nuclear relations. Principal Correspondent: Henry A. Kissinger. 0245 NSDM 151 [February 1972]. Major Topic: U.S.-Soviet trade. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; Peter G. Peterson. 0247 NSDM 158 [March 1972]. Major Topic: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT VII). Principal Correspondent: Richard M. Nixon. 0256 NSDM 180 [July 1972]. Major Topic: Lend-Lease negotiations with USSR. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; Peter M. Flanigan. 0258 NSDM 181 [July 1972]. Major Topic: U.S.-Soviet commercial negotiations. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; Peter M. Flanigan. 0261 NSDM 190 [September 1972]. Major Topic: Lend-Lease negotiations with USSR. Principal Correspondent: Richard M. Nixon. 0264 NSDM 192 [October 1972]. Major Topic: Lend-Lease negotiations with USSR. Principal Correspondents: Alexander M. Haig Jr.; Peter M. Flanigan. 0266 NSDM 320 [March 1976]. Major Topic: UN Conference on the Law of the Sea. Principal Correspondent: Brent Scowcroft. 0269 NSDM 321 [March 1976]. Major Topic: Peaceful nuclear explosions negotiations. Principal Correspondent: Brent Scowcroft. 0272 NSDM 322 [March 1976]. Major Topic: Vietnam sale of captured U.S. equipment.

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0274 NSDM 323 [March 1976]. Major Topics: Standing Consultative Commission (SCC), Geneva; U.S.-Soviet arms talks. Principal Correspondent: Brent Scowcroft.

Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files Under Secretaries Decision Memorandums (U/DM) 0278 U/DM 1–19 (1 of 2) [February 1969–December 1970]. Major Topics: Committee organization and functions; U.S. bases on Spanish territory; U.S. policy toward military dictatorships; aid to Brazil; Peter Vaky; crisis management; contingency planning; State Department; Crisis Task Force authorization; Brazil destroyer escorts construction in U.S. shipyards; U.S. technology export; U.S.-Japan space cooperation; Netherlands request for nuclear submarine technology; Romania economic relations. Principal Correspondents: Elliot L. Richardson; Arnold Nachmanoff; Henry A. Kissinger. 0414 U/DM 1–19 (2 of 2) [July 1969–March 1971]. Major Topics: Romania economic relations; most-favored-nation status; carrier- based jet sales to Latin America; Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) political status and relationship with U.S.; tariff preferences for developing countries. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; C. Fred Bergsten; Arthur A. Hartman; John N. Irwin II; Elliot L. Richardson. 0559 U/DM 20–29 (1 of 3) [October–December 1969]. Major Topics: Graduate school draft deferment extension; trade relations with Latin America; Inter-American Economic and Social Council; agricultural trade; Hickenlooper Amendment barring aid to countries that have expropriated U.S. property; peaceful nuclear explosions negotiations and Limited Test Ban Treaty; USSR; federal overseas military and civilian employment reductions; exemption of DoD dependent school teachers from cuts. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Elliott L. Richardson; Richard M. Nixon; Henry A. Kissinger. 0737 U/DM 20–29 (2 of 3) [January 1969–September 1970]. Major Topics: Reduction in reports from U.S. embassies; U.S. trade relations with Latin America; Inter-American Economic and Social Council; agricultural trade; carrier-based jet sales to Latin America; international cooperation in uranium enrichment; Europe; gaseous diffusion process. Principal Correspondents: William P. Rogers; Arthur A. Hartman; Elliott L. Richardson; Herman Pollack; Henry A. Kissinger; Robert M. Behr. 0876 U/DM 20–29 (3 of 3) [March–September 1970]. Major Topics: International cooperation in uranium enrichment; Europe; gaseous diffusion process; trade relations with Latin America; Inter-American Economic and Social Council; agricultural trade; U.S. bases on Spanish territory. Principal Correspondents: Robert M. Behr; Arthur A. Hartman; U. Alexis Johnson; Henry A. Kissinger; Elliott L. Richardson.

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Reel 2 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Decision Memorandums (U/DM) cont. 0001 U/DM 30–39 (1 of 2) [April–August 1970]. Major Topics: Voice of UN Command radio broadcasts to North Korea, discontinuation; U.S. Information Agency position on discontinuation; psychological warfare; NATO review of strategy and forces; U.S. troop level reduction in South Korea; South Korean military forces modernization; U.S. military equipment aid to South Korea; Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) political status and relationship with U.S.; federal military and civilian employment reductions in Philippines. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Henry A. Kissinger; Helmut Sonnenfeldt; John H. Holdridge; Elliott L. Richardson; Laurence E. Lynn Jr. 0089 U/DM 30–39 (2 of 2) [August 1960–April 1974]. Major Topics: U.S.-Philippines military bases agreement renegotiation; base lands reversion to Philippines; Clark Air Field; tariff preferences for developing countries; Antarctica mineral and energy resources development policy; Antarctic Treaty. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; Arthur A. Hartman; John H. Holdridge; Kenneth Rush; Stephen A. Wakefield; John N. Irwin II; Brandon Grove Jr.; Samuel De Palma; G. Warren Nutter; W. D. McElroy; Robert M. Behr. 0213 U/DM 40–49 (1 of 2) [April–July 1970]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR space cooperation curtailment; USSR-France space cooperation; U.S.-USSR space technology comparison; Mstislav Keldysh; USSR Academy of Sciences; NASA; Thomas O. Paine; USSR-France space cooperation; U.S.-USSR space technology communications; chronology of U.S.- USSR space cooperation communications. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Elliott L. Richardson; Herman Pollack; Richard M. Nixon; Henry A. Kissinger. 0351 U/DM 40–49 (2 of 2) [March–August 1970]. Major Topics: Military assistance advisory groups abolition in Belgium, Denmark, France, and Netherlands; U.S. military and civilian employment reductions in Philippines; Philippines embassy staff reduction; carrier-based jet sales to Latin America; Colombia; Brazil; Chile; U.S. military equipment aid to South Korea; U.S. troop level reduction in South Korea; South Africa arms embargo. Principal Correspondents: U. Alexis Johnson; Henry A. Kissinger; Melvin R. Laird; Theodore L. Eliot Jr.; David Packard; Laurence E. Lynn Jr.; Viron P. Vaky; John H. Holdridge; Rocco C. Siciliano. 0584 U/DM 50–55 (1 of 2) [August 1970–June 1971]. Major Topics: Trade relations with Latin America; tariffs; foreign trade controls; U.S. executive department disagreements over trade liberalization for Latin America; South Korean military forces modernization; U.S. military equipment aid to South Korea; U.S. troop level reduction in South Korea; current South Korea military force structure; generalized tariff preferences elimination for certain countries; U.S. participation in international exhibitions outside Europe; critique of “makeshift,” poorly planned exhibits.

5 Frame No.

Principal Correspondents: Nathaniel Samuels; Arthur A. Hartman; Clarence D. Palmby; Stanley Nehmer; U. Alexis Johnson; John N. Irwin II; Henry A. Kissinger; C. Fred Bergsten. 0748 U/DM 50–55 (2 of 2) [October 1970–August 1972]. Major Topics: U.S. participation in international exhibitions outside Europe; U.S. sanctions against countries aiding skyjackers; Lebanon; Jordan; Egypt; multilateral sanctions; President Nixon public statement on air piracy. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; John N. Irwin II; Jeanne W. Davis; Geoff Shepard; Henry A. Kissinger; David Packard; Richard M. Nixon. 0881 U/DM 56–59 (1 of 2) [February–May 1971]. Major Topics: U.S.-Yugoslavia economic, scientific, and technical cooperation; Yugoslavia exemption from restrictions on U.S. food/agricultural aid to countries that trade with Cuba. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; C. Fred Bergsten; Nathaniel Samuels; Arthur A. Hartman.

Reel 3 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Decision Memorandums (U/DM) cont. 0001 Under Secretaries Decision Memorandums U/DM 56–59 cont. (2 of 2) [February 1971–June 1976]. Major Topics: U.S. chemical warfare and related biological research programs; prohibition by Biological Weapons Convention; federal agencies conformance; use of riot control agents and chemical herbicides in Vietnam; U.S. security- related military and economic foreign aid programs reorganization. Principal Correspondents: Robert C. McFarlane; Joseph J. Sisco; John N. Irwin II; Arthur A. Hartman. 0080 U/DM 60–62 (1 of 2) [February 1971–January 1972]. Major Topics: Trade with People’s Republic of China, U.S. restrictions relaxation; actions against China in U.S. courts; travel restrictions relaxation. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; James T. Lynn; Henry A. Kissinger; Ernest Johnson; Ron Ziegler; Clarence D. Palmby; Richard D. Kleindienst. 0296 U/DM 60–62 (2 of 2) [January 1971–January 1972]. Major Topics: Trade with People’s Republic of China, U.S. restrictions relaxation; travel restrictions relaxation; U.S.–West Germany agreement to offset U.S. troop stationing costs; West Germany purchase of U.S. defense equipment; Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) political status and relationship with U.S.; U.S. military base needs; Franklin Haydn Williams instructions for TTPI negotiations; Marianas wish to secede from TTPI and align permanently with U.S. Principal Correspondents: Peter G. Peterson; Henry A. Kissinger; Franklin Haydn Williams; John N. Irwin II; C. Fred Bergsten; Robert H. Miller; John H. Holdridge; William P. Rogers. 0499 U/DM 63–65 (1 of 2) [February–May 1971]. Major Topics: Underground nuclear testing resumption (“Emery III/IV”) in Nevada; public announcement; investigation of accidental release of radioactive material

6 Frame No.

in previous “BANEBERRY” test; U.S. uranium enrichment services for foreign governments. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Richard M. Nixon; Don U. Deere; Lewis G. von Lossberg; Stanley D. Wilson; Lydik S. Jacobsen; Vincent Schultz; George G. Maxey; Henry A. Kissinger. 0594 U/DM 63–65 (2 of 2) [November 1970–November 1971]. Major Topics: U.S. uranium enrichment services for foreign governments; Commerce Department prior clearance for advanced computers destined for Free World countries. Principal Correspondents: Michael A. Guhin; Robert M. Behr; Henry A. Kissinger; Arthur A. Hartman; U. Alexis Johnson. 0680 U/DM 66 (1 of 2) [July 1971–March 1975]. Major Topics: Panama-Colombia highway assistance; Darien Gap Highway; foot- and-mouth disease (livestock) transmission from Colombia to Panama; Panama, Colombia, and U.S. control effort. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; John N. Irwin II; Brandon Grove Jr.; Kenneth Rush. 0796 U/DM 66 (2 of 2) [May 1971–January 1975]. Major Topics: Panama-Colombia highway assistance; Darien Gap Highway; foot- and-mouth disease (livestock) transmission from Colombia to Panama; Panama, Colombia, and U.S. control effort. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; John N. Irwin II; Brandon Grove Jr.; Kenneth Rush; Stephen Low; Robert S. Ingersoll; Rafael I. Marino Navas; John W. Barnum. 0904 U/DM 67–69 (1 of 2) [May 1971–June 1974]. Major Topics: Atlantic-Pacific sea-level canal; Atlantic-Pacific Interoceanic Canal Study Commission; phaseout of U.S. jurisdiction in Panama Canal Zone; U.S.- Panama treaty negotiations; Panamanian chief of state Omar Torrijos; U.S.- France military cooperation. Principal Correspondents: L. Dean Brown; John N. Irwin II; Barbara M. Wright; Richard M. Nixon; Arthur A. Hartman; Henry A. Kissinger. 1020 U/DM 67–69 (2 of 2).

Reel 4 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Decision Memorandums (U/DM) cont. 0001 U/DM 70–73 [June 1971–January 1972]. Major Topics: Underground nuclear test CANNIKIN, contingency planning; Security Assistance Program Review Committee establishment; Arctic policy including international research and resource development cooperation; U.S.-USSR cooperation; Interagency Arctic Policy Group establishment; exchange of persons programs between U.S. and foreign countries; federal agency disagreements over programs coordination. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Ronald I. Spiers; John A. Harris; Robert D. O’Neill; H. G. Handyside; John N. Irwin II; Claus W. Ruser; David Packard; Maurice J. Williams.

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0062 U/DM 74 (1 of 3) [August 1972–October 1975]. Major Topics: Federal agency support for and coordination of academic institutions and contract organizations conducting research on foreign affairs; research on military strategy, military relationships with host country populations, science and technology, economic development, and foreign economic relations; research on China, Japan, Africa, East Asia, South Asia, Middle East, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and USSR; research funding by USAID, U.S. Information Agency, DoD, State Department, and Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; Clint Granger; Richard H. Solomon; Edward B. Strait; Robert S. Ingersoll; Kenneth Rush; E. Raymond Platig. 0391 U/DM 74 (2 of 3) [February 1971–January 1975]. Major Topics: Federal agency support for and coordination of academic institutions and contract organizations conducting research on foreign affairs; research on military strategy, military relationships with host country populations, science and technology, economic development, and foreign economic relations; research on China, Japan, Africa, East Asia, South Asia, Middle East, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, and USSR; research funding by USAID, U.S. Information Agency, DoD, and State Department. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Henry A. Kissinger; Richard T. Kennedy; Robert S. Ingersoll; William G. Hyland; John N. Irwin II. 0593 U/DM 74 (3 of 3) [February 1971–June 1973]. Major Topics: Federal agency support for and coordination of academic institutions and contract organizations conducting research on foreign affairs; research on military strategy, science and technology, economic development, and foreign economic relations; research funding by USAID, U.S. Information Agency, and DoD. Principal Correspondents: John N. Irwin II; Ray S. Cline; Henry A. Kissinger. 0771 U/DM 75–79 (1 of 2) [September 1971–May 1972]. Major Topics: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) subagreements on preventing accidental nuclear war and improving U.S.-Soviet hot line; underground nuclear test CANNIKIN; U.S.-USSR talks on sea incidents; navy; military aviation incidents at sea; Malta policy and aid; U.S.-UK strategic interests on Malta; Malta Prime Minister Dom Mintoff. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Melvin R. Laird; John W. Warner; U. Alexis Johnson; Henry A. Kissinger; A. Denis Clift; Richard T. Kennedy; John A. Hannah; John N. Irwin II.

Reel 5 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Decision Memorandums (U/DM) cont. 0001 U/DM 75–79 (2 of 2) [August 1971–January 1972]. Major Topics: Malta policy and aid; UK-U.S. strategic interests on Malta; Malta Prime Minister Dom Mintoff; NATO aid to Malta; procedures to prevent accidental nuclear war and improve U.S.-Soviet hot line; notification of NASA launches toward or over USSR; Spain role in Western defense; Spain links to NATO; U.S.-

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Spain military contacts and cooperation; European public opinion on Spanish membership in NATO. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; John A. Hannah; John N. Irwin II; Henry A. Kissinger; Helmut Sonnenfeldt; Ronald I. Spiers; Donald R. Morris. 0163 U/DM 80–83 (1 of 2) [February 1972–January 1974]. Major Topics: Persian Gulf (lower) states purchase of U.S. military equipment; Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates; Oman; UK relations with Persian Gulf states. Principal Correspondents: Brandon Grove Jr.; Rodger P. Davies; Joseph J. Sisco; U. Alexis Johnson; Arthur A. Hartman; Nathaniel Samuels. 0232 U/DM 80–83 (2 of 2) [February 1972–August 1976]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR maritime negotiations, including port entry and access, shipping and cargo provisions, and continental shelf marine research provisions; international weather modification research project; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; rainmaking in Sahel drought area; World Meteorological Organization; Permanent Interstate Committee to Combat Drought in the Sahel; hurricane abatement research project (STORMFURY- Americas) in Eastern Pacific and Western Atlantic Oceans. Principal Correspondents: Andrei Gromyko; William P. Rogers; John Schaefer; Nathaniel Samuels; Wreatham E. Gathright; Robert S. Ingersoll; Rutherford M. Poats; Philip C. Habib; Henry A. Kissinger. 0382 U/DM 84 (1 of 2) [December 1969–November 1973]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR nonmilitary sea incidents and procedures for handling; Coast Guard seizure of Russian fishing vessels off Alaska coast; U.S. fishing laws violation; requests for asylum, U.S. handling. Principal Correspondents: Theodore L. Eliot Jr.; Kenneth Rush; John N. Irwin II; William P. Rogers; C. R. Bender; G. A. Wiggins. 0514 U/DM 84 (2 of 2) [January 1972–November 1973]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR nonmilitary sea incidents; procedures for handling. Principal Correspondent: John N. Irwin II. 0518 U/DM 85–89 (1 of 2) [October 1971–May 1972]. Major Topics: U.S. military construction at Iceland airport; NATO base retention in Iceland; South Korean military forces in Vietnam; U.S. logistics and other support for Koreans; Arctic policy including international research and resource development cooperation; U.S.-USSR cooperation; U.S.-Canada cooperation; Interagency Arctic Policy Group establishment; draft Northlands Compact for Internal Cooperation. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; Helmut Sonnenfeldt; Luther Replogle; Arthur A. Hartman; John N. Irwin II. 0629 U/DM 85–89 (2 of 2) [March–July 1972]. Major Topics: Arctic policy including international research and resource development cooperation; U.S.-USSR cooperation; U.S.-Canada cooperation; Interagency Arctic Policy Group establishment; draft Northlands and Arctic Cooperation Compact. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; John N. Irwin II.

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0686 U/DM 90–92 (1 of 2) [May 1972–October 1974]. Major Topics: Lassa virus sample, U.S. provision to USSR; international environmental negotiations; ocean dumping international convention; space hardware and technology export; international cooperation in space; U.S. space launching assistance for other countries. Principal Correspondents: U. Alexis Johnson; John N. Irwin II; Robert S. Ingersoll. 0717 U/DM 90–92 (2 of 2) [August 1972–December 1975]. Major Topics: Space hardware and technology export; international cooperation in space; U.S. space launching assistance for other countries; European Space Agency; Japan; Italy; International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT); satellite geosynchronous orbits. Principal Correspondents: Wreatham E. Gathright; Robert S. Ingersoll; Henry A. Kissinger; Robert S. Ingersoll. 0852 U/DM 93–94 [June–July 1972]. Major Topics: U.S.-Poland scientific and cultural cooperation; exchange programs; advantages/disadvantages of joint communiqué versus formal agreement on U.S.-Poland cooperation; U.S. science adviser Edward E. David visit to Warsaw. Principal Correspondents: John N. Irwin II; Helmut Sonnenfeldt; Walter J. Stoessel Jr.

Reel 6 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Decision Memorandums (U/DM) cont. 0001 U/DM 95 (1 of 4) [November 1973–June 1975]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR cooperative research and technology agreements implementation; Apollo-Soyuz joint space mission; transportation research; cross-ice transportation; environmental pollution control; Russell E. Train; cancer research; cardiovascular disease research; ocean research; energy research; nuclear research; agricultural research; housing and construction technology; U.S.-USSR “balance of advantage” in relative benefits from cooperative projects; U.S. access to Soviet research facilities. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; Robert S. Ingersoll; A. Denis Clift; Brent Scowcroft; Joseph J. Sisco. 0345 U/DM 95 (2 of 4) [September 1970–January 1977]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR cooperative research and technology agreements implementation; space research; chemical catalysis; environmental protection; medical research; public health; nuclear research; agricultural research; U.S.- USSR “balance of advantage” in relative benefits from cooperative projects; additional USSR and U.S. consulates; binational U.S.-USSR national park in Alaska and Siberia; U.S.-USSR sea incidents; exchange programs; schizophrenia research; electrometallurgy; forestry; metrology and standardization; microbiology; water resources development; cancer research; oceans research; energy research; transportation research. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; William J. Porter; Kenneth Rush; H. Guyford Stever; U. Alexis Johnson; Brent Scowcroft; Charles W. Robinson.

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0706 U/DM 95 (3 of 4) [June–December 1975]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR cooperative research and technology agreements implementation; space research; environmental protection; Russell E. Train; medical research; cancer research; public health; nuclear research; agricultural research; energy research; ocean research; housing and construction technology; U.S.-USSR “balance of advantage” in relative benefits from cooperative projects; fisheries; water resources development; transportation research. Principal Correspondents: Robert S. Ingersoll; Brent Scowcroft; Henry A. Kissinger; Robert Gates; H. Guyford Stever.

Reel 7 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Decision Memorandums (U/DM) cont. 0001 U/DM 95 (4 of 4) [October 1975–November 1976]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR cooperative research and technology agreements implementation; environmental protection; medical research; public health; artificial heart development; housing and construction technology; ocean research; space research; energy research; agricultural research; nuclear research; transportation research; U.S.-USSR differing views on certain project priorities; project funding difficulties and administrative problems in USSR and U.S. Principal Correspondents: Jeanne W. Davis; Brent Scowcroft; A. Denis Clift; Russell E. Train; Theodore Cooper; Charles W. Robinson.

Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Study Memorandums (U/SM) 0280 U/SM 1–9 [February 1969–February 1974]. Major Topics: U.S.-Portugal negotiations on Azores military base; U.S. arms supply to Portugal in contravention of arms embargo against Portugal policies in Africa; world and U.S. reaction to U.S. arms supply to Portugal; U.S. use of Azores base to support Middle East operations; military and economic aid to Brazil; Brazil political conditions and U.S. relations; Brazilian President Arthur da Costa e Silva; USAID loans to Brazil; U.S.-Brazil military relations; U.S. base rights in Spain; U.S.-Spain military cooperation; Spain-NATO link; Spain-EC relationship; “Conte Amendments” prohibiting U.S. aid funds use to buy sophisticated weapons systems; impact of amendments on U.S. relations with developing countries. Principal Correspondents: Elliott L. Richardson; Kenneth Rush; Brent Scowcroft; Arnold Nachmanoff; Arthur A. Hartman; Henry A. Kissinger. 0492 U/SM 10–13 (1 of 2) [March 1969–June 1974]. Major Topics: Aid to Brazil; USAID loans to Brazil; U.S.-Brazil military relations; peaceful nuclear explosions negotiations and Limited Test Ban Treaty; USSR; Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty; U.S. and world response to India’s underground testing. Principal Correspondents: Arnold Nachmanoff; David Packard; Robert M. Behr; Brandon Grove Jr.; Brent Scowcroft; Joseph J. Sisco.

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0636 U/SM 10–13 (2 of 2) [September 1974]. Major Topics: Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty; signatories’ efforts to persuade nonsignatories to sign; U.S. nonproliferation policy; U.S.-USSR cooperation; Pakistan; France; U.S. and world response to India’s underground testing; proliferation and “peaceful” nuclear explosions; constraints on commercial nuclear suppliers; International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on nuclear materials and equipment exports; Zangger Committee to prevent diversion of exported nuclear items from peaceful to weapons usage; military aircraft sales to Latin America. Principal Correspondent: Brandon Grove Jr. 0790 U/SM 14–19 (1 of 2) [January 1968–April 1970]. Major Topics: Military aircraft sales to Latin America; U.S.-Japan space cooperation; U.S. space technology export; Netherlands request for nuclear submarine technical assistance and propulsion technology; Netherlands Prime Minister J. S. de Jong visit to U.S.; Netherlands Foreign Minister Joseph Luns. Principal Correspondents: Brandon Grove Jr.; David Packard; Arthur A. Hartman; Richard L. Sneider; Dean Rusk; U. Alexis Johnson; Robert C. Seamans Jr.; Helmut Sonnenfeldt; Elliott L. Richardson; Henry A. Kissinger; Alexander M. Haig Jr.; W. J. Lehmann; Melvin R. Laird. 0933 U/SM 14–19 (2 of 2) [November 1969–March 1970]. Major Topics: Netherlands request for nuclear submarine technical assistance and propulsion technology; disagreements among State Department, DoD, Atomic Energy Commission, and Congress on implementation of President Nixon’s directive to conduct joint U.S.-Dutch study on nuclear submarine propulsion technology. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; Elliott L. Richardson; Melvin R. Laird; Helmut Sonnenfeldt; Ronald I. Spiers.

Reel 8 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Study Memorandums (U/SM) cont. 0001 U/SM 20–27 (1 of 2) [June 1969–September 1971]. Major Topic: Military materiel assistance phaseout to Latin America. Principal Correspondents: Elliott L. Richardson; Henry A. Kissinger; Charles A. Meyer; Arnold Nachmanoff; John N. Irwin II. 0023 U/SM 20–27 (2 of 2) [June 1969–March 1975]. Major Topics: Romania economic relations; U.S.-Japan space cooperation; Communist China–U.S. trade controls relaxation; aid to Brazil; Brazil destroyer escorts construction in U.S. shipyards. Principal Correspondents: Elliot L. Richardson; Helmut Sonnenfeldt; Lindsey Grant; Arthur A. Hartman; Wreatham E. Gathright; Henry A. Kissinger; Robert S. Ingersoll; Marshall Green. 0167 U/SM 28 (1 of 4).

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0192 U/SM 28 (2 of 4) [October–December 1970]. Major Topics: Underground nuclear test (“EMERY II”) in Nevada; underground nuclear test (“CANNIKIN”) in Alaska; underground explosions as cause of earthquakes; other environmental effects. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Russell E. Train. 0219 U/SM 28 (3 of 4) [September 1969–April 1971]. Major Topics: Underground nuclear test (“CANNIKIN”) in Alaska and potential environmental impacts; underground nuclear test (“MANDREL II”); underground nuclear testing resumption (“Emery III/IV”) in Nevada, public announcement; investigation of accidental release of radioactive material in previous “BANEBERRY” test. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Glenn T. Seaborg. 0254 U/SM 28 (4 of 4) [March 1969–April 1971]. Major Topics: Underground nuclear test (“CANNIKIN”) in Alaska and potential environmental impacts; military aircraft sales to Latin America, including Brazil, Colombia, and Chile. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Viron P. Vaky; Charles A. Meyer; Henry A. Kissinger; Elliott L. Richardson. 0438 U/SM 30–39 (1 of 3) [July 1969–April 1971]. Major Topics: Military aircraft sales to Latin America; Brazil; Colombia; Chile. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Elliott L. Richardson. 0487 U/SM 30–39 (2 of 3) [May 1969–July 1970]. Major Topics: Latin American arms purchase intentions; Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Peru; military aircraft sales to Argentina; Poland and Hungary restrictions on U.S. embassy personnel travel; federal overseas military and civilian employment reductions; Saigon embassy personnel reduction; U.S. military missions size reduction. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Elliott L. Richardson; Gerard Smith; Walter J. Stoessel Jr.; Helmut Sonnenfeldt; Theodore L. Eliot Jr.; Ellsworth Bunker; Henry A. Kissinger; Laurence E. Lynn Jr. 0611 U/SM 30–39 (3 of 3) [September 1969–June 1970]. Major Topics: Federal overseas military and civilian employment reductions; U.S. military missions size reduction; Voice of UN Command radio broadcasts to North Korea, discontinuation; U.S. Information Agency position on discontinuation. Principal Correspondents: Elliott L. Richardson; Henry A. Kissinger; David Packard; William E. Lilly; Thomas Stern; Paul Neilson; William J. Porter. 0693 U/SM 34–39 (1 of 3) [August 1969–March 1970]. Major Topics: U.S. internal security assistance programs for developing countries; related training and R&D; trade relations with Latin America; reduction of nontariff barriers; Inter-American Economic and Social Council; agricultural trade; Alliance for Progress funds transfer to proposed U.S. Inter-American Development Bank; underground nuclear test (“MILROW”) in Alaska; potential environmental impacts. Principal Correspondents: Elliott L. Richardson; Viron P. Vaky; Arthur A. Hartman; Edwin M. Cronk; Sidney Weintraub; Ernest Stern; Henry A. Kissinger.

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0771 U/SM 34–39 (2 of 3) [June–October 1969]. Major Topics: Tariff preferences for developing countries; chronology of preference developments, 1961–1969; U.S. access to developing country markets as precondition; alternative preference schemes impacts on EC, UK, Japan, and Canada; preferences impact on U.S. labor; Inter-American Economic and Social Council. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; C. Fred Bergsten; Carl J. Gilbert; Elliott L. Richardson. 0932 U/SM 34–39 (3 of 3) [June–August 1969]. Major Topics: Tariff preferences for developing countries; Inter-American Economic and Social Council; alternative preference schemes impacts on specific developing countries; Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) political status and relationship with U.S.; designation of TTPI islands as “Micronesia.” Principal Correspondent: Arthur A. Hartman.

Reel 9 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Study Memorandums (U/SM) cont. 0001 U/SM 40–43 (1 of 2) [August 1969–October 1970]. Major Topics: Tariff preferences for developing countries; Inter-American Economic and Social Council. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Henry A. Kissinger; Nathaniel Samuels; Elliott L. Richardson. 0051 U/SM 40–43 (2 of 2) [August 1969–September 1971]. Major Topics: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) political status and relationship with U.S.; TTPI constitutional convention; peaceful nuclear explosions negotiations and Limited Test Ban Treaty; underground nuclear test (“STURTEVANT”). Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Harrison Loesch; U. Alexis Johnson. 0103 U/SM 44 (1 of 3) [August–September 1969]. Major Topics: U.S.–Latin America trade relations; trade negotiations; tariff preferences for developing countries; nontariff barriers; chronology of preference developments, 1961–1969; U.S. access to developing country markets as precondition; alternative preference schemes impacts on EC, UK, Japan, and Canada; preferences impact on U.S. labor; Inter-American Economic and Social Council; Hickenlooper Amendment barring aid to countries that have expropriated U.S. property. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Charles A. Meyer; C. Fred Bergsten; John R. Petty. 0184 U/SM 44 (2 of 3) [December 1969–August 1970]. Major Topics: Tariff preferences for developing countries; special preferences for least developed countries; Inter-American Economic and Social Council; U.S.– Latin America trade relations; U.S.–Latin America trade negotiations; nontrade barriers; development assistance to and foreign investment in Latin America; scientific/technical cooperation; tourism development; shipping and port affairs

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technical assistance; export promotion assistance; Overseas Private Investment Corporation establishment. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Henry A. Kissinger; Howard L. Worthington; Forest E. Abbuhl. 0472 U/SM 44 (3 of 3) [September 1969–August 1970]. Major Topics: U.S.–Latin America trade relations; U.S.–Latin America trade negotiations; Inter-American Economic and Social Council; U.S. worldwide meat import controls relaxation. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Nathaniel Samuels; C. Fred Bergsten; Henry A. Kissinger; Paul W. McCracken; Clifford M. Hardin; J. G. Gorton; Philip H. Trezise; Herbert F. Propps; Elizabeth Hanford. 0654 U/SM 45–49 [June 1958–November 1970]. Major Topics: U.S. military forces reduction in Europe; preliminary Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) in Helsinki; V. Semenov; Gerard Smith; U.S.-NATO consultations on SALT; alternative negotiating options; negotiations assistance by Under Secretaries Committee; U.S.-USSR positions on missile defense systems; Romania economic relations; international foreign relations impacts of Communist entry into Italian government; U.S. policy in Mediterranean area; disposition of outdated NSC policy papers; psychological warfare planning. Principal Correspondents: Elliott L. Richardson; Henry A. Kissinger; Philip J. Farley; Arthur A. Hartman; James S. Lay Jr.; Richard Helms. 0767 U/SM 50–54 (1 of 3) [September 1969–May 1970]. Major Topics: Reduction in reports from U.S. embassies; U.S.-Philippines military base agreement revision; NATO Committee on Challenges of the Modern Society (CCMS); CCMS studies on disaster relief, road safety, and air pollution; international space cooperation; cooperative earth resources surveys; earth resources satellites; remote sensing technology; U.S.-USSR space cooperation; U.S. shelf boundary; law of the sea; Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, 1958; national defense impacts of boundary definition; ocean mineral resources ownership and development; petroleum reserves; natural gas reserves; National Petroleum Council. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; Laurence E. Lynn Jr.; Arthur A. Hartman; Elliot L. Richardson; Richard M. Nixon; William P. Rogers; Helmut Sonnenfeldt; Robert M. Behr; U. Alexis Johnson; Robert E. Osgood.

Reel 10 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Study Memorandums (U/SM) cont. 0001 U/SM 50–54 (2 of 3) [September 1969–April 1970]. Major Topics: U.S. continental shelf boundary; federal interagency disagreements; DoD; Interior Department; law of the sea; Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, 1958; national defense impacts of boundary definition; ocean mineral resources ownership and development; National Petroleum Council; petroleum reserves; natural gas reserves. Principal Correspondents: Walter J. Hickel; Russell E. Train; John C. Whitaker; Winston Lord; David Packard; Rocco C. Siciliano.

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0087 U/SM 50–54 (3 of 3) [January 1970–June 1971]. Major Topics: U.S. continental shelf boundary; federal interagency disagreements; DoD; Interior Department; petroleum reserves; natural gas reserves; law of the sea; Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf, 1958; national defense impacts of boundary definition; ocean mineral resources ownership and development; National Petroleum Council; Seabed Arms Control Treaty; ban on nuclear weapons on ocean floor. Principal Correspondents: Russell E. Train; Walter J. Hickel; Robert E. Osgood; Arthur A. Hartman; David Packard; Maurice H. Stans; Henry A. Kissinger; Helmut Sonnenfeldt. 0184 U/SM 55–56 (1 of 3) [October 1969–November 1974]. Major Topics: Antarctica mineral and energy resources policy; U.S. military and scientific interests; Antarctic Treaty negotiations; international access to Antarctica; territorial claims by Argentina and other countries; mineral resources exploration and extraction; Antarctic offshore mineral resources development; petroleum. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; Robert M. Behr; Arthur A. Hartman; Samuel De Palma; G. Warren Nutter; W. D. McElroy; Seymour Weiss; Kenneth Rush; Leigh Ratiner; Brandon Grove Jr.; Robert D. Yoder; James Heg; Michael A. Guhin; Stephen A. Wakefield; Wreatham E. Gathright. 0348 U/SM 55–56 (2 of 3) [February 1965–October 1975]. Major Topics: Antarctica mineral and energy resources policy; U.S. military and scientific interests; U.S. Antarctic Research Program; National Science Foundation; Antarctic Treaty negotiations; territorial claims by Argentina and other countries; Antarctic programs of USSR, Argentina, Chile, and other countries; mineral resources exploration and extraction; petroleum; Antarctic offshore mineral resources development; international cooperation in uranium enrichment; multinational gaseous diffusion plant in Europe; European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM); nuclear assistance to France. Principal Correspondents: Brent Scowcroft; Wreatham E. Gathright; George P. Shultz; Elliott L. Richardson; McGeorge Bundy; Llewellyn E. Thompson; Robert M. Behr. 0579 U/SM 55–56 (3 of 3) [April 1964–April 1971]. Major Topics: International cooperation in uranium enrichment; multinational gaseous diffusion plant in Europe; U.S.-French feasibility study; French Ambassador Charles Lucet; European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM); congressional refusal to accept Nixon administration proposal; Joint Committee on Atomic Energy; USSR supply of enriched uranium to Europe; Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (COCOM). Principal Correspondents: Elliott L. Richardson; Henry A. Kissinger; Robert M. Behr; Helmut Sonnenfeldt; Herman Pollack; U. Alexis Johnson. 0755 U/SM 57–59 (1 of 3) [January–August 1970]. Major Topics: Geneva Protocol of 1925, banning chemical weapons; protocol submission to U.S. Senate for ratification; U.S. chemical and biological weapons policy; U.S. retention of right to use chemical herbicides and riot control agents in war; U.S.–West Germany discussions on offsetting U.S. troop stationing costs; German Chancellor Willy Brandt talks with President Richard M. Nixon; U.S. Senator Charles W. Percy proposal for German cost sharing.

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Principal Correspondents: Elliott L. Richardson; William P. Rogers; Henry A. Kissinger; Robert M. Behr; Arthur A. Hartman; C. Fred Bergsten. 0886 U/SM 57–59 (2 of 3) [February 1970–February 1971]. Major Topics: U.S.–West Germany discussions on offsetting U.S. troop stationing costs; German Chancellor Willy Brandt talks with President Richard M. Nixon; U.S. strategy and forces for NATO. Principal Correspondents: Elliott L. Richardson; Henry A. Kissinger; Nathaniel Samuels.

Reel 11 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Study Memorandums (U/SM) cont. 0001 U/SM 57–59 (3 of 3) [February 1969–January 1971]. Major Topics: U.S.–West Germany discussions on offsetting U.S. troop stationing costs; U.S. foreign aid programs review; U.S. relationships with developing countries; long-term debt relief; aid to family planning and public welfare programs; aid to Latin America; Alliance for Progress funds transfer to proposed U.S. Inter-American Development Bank; U.S. contribution to International Development Association; U.S. “untying” of aid, allowing recipient countries to procure aid commodities outside U.S. Principal Correspondents: Elliott L. Richardson; Henry A. Kissinger; C. Fred Bergsten. 0210 U/SM 60–64 (1 of 2) [September 1969–April 1970]. Major Topics: U.S. troop level reduction in South Korea; South Korean military forces modernization; U.S. military equipment aid to South Korea; NATO review of strategy and forces; French participation in review; U.S. force commitments to NATO; federal military and civilian employment reductions in Philippines; Clark Air Field. Principal Correspondents: Elliott L. Richardson; Theodore L. Eliot Jr.; Winthrop G. Brown; Arthur A. Hartman; Henry A. Kissinger; Helmut Sonnenfeldt; Melvin R. Laird. 0338 U/SM 60–64 (2 of 2) [June 1969–August 1970]. Major Topics: Federal military and civilian employment reductions in Philippines; Clark Air Field; arms embargo on South Africa and Portugal’s African territories; U.S. partial relaxation of embargo. Principal Correspondents: Elliott L. Richardson; Henry A. Kissinger; Richard L. Sneider; Marshall Wright. 0383 U/SM 64B and 65–69 (1 of 3) [February–September 1970]. Major Topics: Arms embargo on South Africa and Portugal’s African territories; U.S. partial relaxation of embargo; Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI) political status and relationship with U.S.; TTPI designation as Commonwealth of Micronesia; islands’ constitutional convention. Principal Correspondents: U. Alexis Johnson; Rocco C. Siciliano; Elliott L. Richardson; Henry A. Kissinger; Arthur A. Hartman; Harrison Loesch; Lazarus Salii; John H. Holdridge.

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0513 U/SM 64B and 65–69 (2 of 3) [November 1969–August 1971]. Major Topics: Arctic policy including international research and resource development cooperation; U.S.-USSR cooperation; U.S.-Canada cooperation; federal interagency Arctic policy group establishment; draft Northlands Compact for International Cooperation; Canada sovereignty extension over Arctic sea route “Northwest Passage”; petroleum and other mineral resources; Interagency Arctic Research Coordinating Committee. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Henry A. Kissinger; Richard M. Nixon; Howard W. Pollack; Alexander M. Haig Jr.; Jeanne W. Davis; William E. Timmons; Robert M. Behr; Kenneth Cole; Helmut Sonnenfeldt; Walter J. Hickel; John N. Irwin II. 0737 U/SM 64B and 65–69 (3 of 3) [November 1969–September 1974]. Major Topics: Panama-Colombia highway assistance; Darien Gap Highway; foot- and-mouth disease (livestock) transmission from Colombia to Panama; Panama, Colombia, and U.S. control effort; military assistance to Greece; NATO countries’ views on Greek junta; South Korean military forces modernization; U.S. military equipment aid to South Korea; general U.S. military assistance. Principal Correspondents: Brandon Grove Jr.; Henry A. Kissinger; Harold H. Saunders; Arthur A. Hartman; Joseph J. Sisco; Martin J. Hillenbrand; David M. Abshire; William P. Rogers; Richard M. Nixon; C. Fred Bergsten; Richard T. Kennedy; Laurence E. Lynn Jr.; Elliott L. Richardson. 0848 U/SM 70–73 (1 of 2) [April 1970–September 1972]. Major Topics: U.S. participation in international exhibitions outside Europe; critique of “makeshift,” poorly planned exhibits; need for exhibits in developing countries; Persian Gulf (lower) states (Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, and Oman) purchase of U.S. military equipment; UK relations with Persian Gulf states; educational television project in Saudi Arabia by International Telecommunications Corporation; U.S. technical assistance to Gulf states; U.S. diplomatic representation in Gulf states; U.S. policy toward South West Africa. Principal Correspondents: Henry A. Kissinger; C. Fred Bergsten; John N. Irwin II; George P. Shultz; Elliott L. Richardson; Arthur A. Hartman; Harold H. Saunders; Rounseville W. Schaum; U. Alexis Johnson.

Reel 12 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Study Memorandums (U/SM) cont. 0001 U/SM 70–73 (2 of 2) [July–December 1970]. Major Topics: EC enlargement; tariff impacts of enlargement; incompatibility of certain EC trade arrangements with provisions of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT); EC agricultural policy; enlargement impacts on U.S. industrial and agricultural trade. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Henry A. Kissinger; Nathaniel Samuels; U. Alexis Johnson; C. Fred Bergsten; Clifford M. Hardin; John N. Irwin II.

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0112 U/SM 74–77 [July–December 1970]. Major Topics: Bolivia insurgency; Latin American insurgent groups’ international links; communism. Principal Correspondents: Arthur A. Hartman; Henry A. Kissinger; Charles A. Meyer; Richard M. Nixon. 0152 U/SM 78 (1 of 4) [August 1970–October 1971]. Major Topics: U.S. security-related aid programs reorganization; foreign aid classification into three categories: security, humanitarian, and development assistance; Foreign Assistance Act; proposed U.S. Development Corporation for bilateral development loans; review of security assistance to South Korea, Cambodia, Greece, Philippines, Thailand, and Laos; State Department versus DoD jurisdiction over security-related assistance; U.S. emphasis on increased defense self-reliance in recipient countries and lowering U.S. presence abroad (Nixon Doctrine); emphasis on regional burden sharing and defense cooperation. Principal Correspondents: U. Alexis Johnson; Henry A. Kissinger; John N. Irwin II; William H. Lewis; Alexander M. Haig Jr.; C. Fred Bergsten; Richard T. Kennedy; William P. Rogers; Melvin R. Laird. 0351 U/SM 78 (2 of 4) [August 1970–January 1971]. Major Topics: U.S. security-related aid programs reorganization; Foreign Assistance Act; U.S. emphasis on increased defense self-reliance in recipient countries and lowering U.S. presence abroad (Nixon Doctrine); State Department versus DoD jurisdiction over security-related assistance; emphasis on regional burden sharing and defense cooperation; likely congressional resistance to reorganization; security assistance for Latin America and Africa. Principal Correspondents: Jeanne W. Davis; C. Fred Bergsten; Henry A. Kissinger; C. Fred Bergsten; John N. Irwin II; Richard T. Kennedy.

Presidential Review Memoranda (PRM) 0562 PRM 21 [March 1977]. Major Topic: Horn of Africa policy. Principal Correspondent: Zbigniew Brzezinski. 0565 PRM 22 [March 1977]. Major Topic: Telecommunications protection from USSR interception. Principal Correspondent: Jimmy Carter. 0569 PRM 23 [March–April 1977]. Major Topic: Space policy. Principal Correspondent: Jimmy Carter. 0573 PRM 24 [April 1977]. Major Topic: China policy. Principal Correspondent: Zbigniew Brzezinski.

Presidential Directives (PD) 0577 PD 3 [March 1977]. Major Topic: National Security Decision Memoranda rescission. Principal Correspondent: Jimmy Carter.

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0579 PD 8 [March 1977]. Major Topic: Nuclear nonproliferation policy. Principal Correspondent: Jimmy Carter. 0584 PD 10 [April 1977]. Major Topic: Standing Consultative Commission instructions. Principal Correspondent: Jimmy Carter.

National Security Study Directives (NSSD) 0587 NSSD 14-82 [December 1982]. Major Topic: Sensitive but unclassified scientific information protection. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0594 NSSD 1-87 [January 1987]. Major Topic: Afghanistan policy. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0598 NSSD 2-87 [January 1987]. Major Topic: Central America policy. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0602 NSSD 3-87 [January 1987]. Major Topics: Southern Africa policy; South Africa; Angola. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0606 NSSD 4-87 [January 1987]. Major Topic: Middle East peace process. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0609 NSSD 5-87 [January 1987]. Major Topic: Mexico policy. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0613 NSSD 6-87 [January 1987]. Major Topic: Philippines policy. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0617 NSSD 7-87 [January 1987]. Major Topic: Export control of security-sensitive technologies. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0621 NSSD 8-87 [April 1987]. Major Topic: Foreign investment policy in U.S. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0625 NSSD 9-87 [May 1987]. Major Topics: Southern Africa policy; Botswana; Malawi; Zaire; Zambia; Swaziland; Zimbabwe. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0630 NSSD 10-87 [December 1987]. Major Topic: Philippines policy. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan.

20 Frame No.

0635 NSSD 1-88 [May 1987]. Major Topic: Indochina policy. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan.

National Security Decision Directives (NSDD) 0639 NSDD 20 [January 1982]. Major Topic: Law of the Sea Policy. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0642 NSDD 147 [October 1984]. Major Topic: India-Pakistan policy. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0648 NSDD 148 [October 1984]. Major Topic: U.S.-USSR nuclear arms reduction “umbrella talks.” Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0650 NSDD 161 [February 1985]. Major Topics: USSR noncompliance with arms control agreements; nuclear testing; missile defense systems; chemical and biological weapons. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0662 NSDD 165 [March 1985]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR strategic arms reduction talks (START); USSR General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev–President Ronald Reagan summit meeting; Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI); ABM Treaty. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0670 NSDD 180 [July 1985]. Major Topic: Civil aviation antiterrorism program. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0674 NSDD 193 [October 1985]. Major Topic: New Zealand port access. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0676 NSDD 195 [October 1985]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR strategic arms reduction talks (START); USSR and U.S. counterproposals; cooperative U.S.-USSR research on space defense systems such as Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI); USSR General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0683 NSDD 202 [December 1985]. Major Topics: USSR noncompliance with strategic arms reduction agreements; nuclear testing; missile defense systems; ABM Treaty; chemical and biological weapons. Principal Correspondent: John M. Poindexter. 0698 NSDD 203 [December 1985]. Major Topic: U.S.-USSR nuclear testing limitation. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan.

21 Frame No.

0700 NSDD 208 [January 1986]. Major Topics: Southwest Indian Ocean nations policy; Madagascar; Seychelles; Mauritius; Comoros. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0706 NSDD 209 [February 1986]. Major Topics: USSR General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev–President Ronald Reagan Geneva summit meeting; post-summit talks on strategic arms reduction, space defense systems, cooperative research, and other issues; NST; USSR and U.S. counterproposals. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0710 NSDD 210 [February 1986]. Major Topics: USSR and U.S. strategic arms reduction proposals; USSR General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0714 NSDD 220 [April 1986]. Major Topics: Haiti policy; President Jean-Claude Duvalier exile. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0720 NSDD 222 [April 1986]. Major Topic: USSR noncompliance with arms control agreements. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0730 NSDD 230 [July 1986]. Major Topic: Nuclear weapons safety and security. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0732 NSDD 232 [August 1986]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR arms control talks; space defense systems; NST. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0737 NSDD 235 [August 1986]. Major Topics: Cuba policy; U.S. embargo; control of illegal migration to U.S. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0743 NSDD 240 [September 1986]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR strategic arms reduction talks (START); space defense systems; NST; U.S. detailed negotiating positions, including responses to Soviet proposals. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0766 NSDD 246 [October 1986]. Major Topics: Micronesian states (formerly Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI)) self-government and relationship with U.S.; termination of trusteeship and establishment of sovereign states; Compact for the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia. Principal Correspondents: Ronald Reagan; John M. Poindexter. 0787 NSDD 248 [October 1986]. Major Topics: Central America policy; U.S. aid. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan.

22 Frame No.

0792 NSDD 249 [October 1986]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR strategic arms reduction talks (START); space defense systems; NST; U.S. detailed negotiating positions, including responses to Soviet proposals. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0811 NSDD 250 [November 1986]. Major Topics: President Ronald Reagan summary of October 1986 strategic arms reduction discussions with USSR General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in Reykjavik, Iceland; U.S.-USSR strategic arms reduction, intermediate nuclear forces, and nuclear testing; Gorbachev demand that U.S. right to withdraw from ABM Treaty not be exercised for ten years; Reagan response to Gorbachev treaty demand. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0826 NSDD 251 [December 1986]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR strategic arms reduction talks (START); space defense systems; NST. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0828 NSDD 256 [January 1987]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR strategic arms reduction talks (START); space defense systems; NST; U.S. detailed negotiating positions, including responses to Soviet proposals. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0848 NSDD 258 [February 1987]. Major Topic: Anti-satellite systems development. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0851 NSDD 260 [February 1987]. Major Topic: USSR noncompliance with arms control agreements. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0863 NSDD 263 [February 1987]. Major Topic: Central America policy. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0865 NSDD 267 [April 1987]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR strategic arms reduction talks (START); space defense systems; NST; U.S. detailed negotiating positions, including responses to Soviet proposals. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0871 NSDD 269 [April 1987]. Major Topic: Nuclear weapons deployment authorization. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0875 NSDD 271 [May 1987]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR strategic arms reduction talks (START); space defense systems; NST; U.S. detailed negotiating positions, including responses to Soviet proposals. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan.

23 Frame No.

0888 NSDD 279 [June 1987]. Major Topic: Nuclear weapons safety and security. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0890 NSDD 281 [August 1987]. Major Topic: U.S. nuclear weapons command and control. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0906 NSDD 290 [December 1987]. Major Topics: USSR General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev–President Ronald Reagan summit meeting in Washington, D.C.; U.S.-USSR strategic arms reduction talks (START); space defense systems; NST; U.S. negotiating positions. Principal Correspondents: Colin L. Powell; Ronald Reagan. 0915 NSDD 291 [December 1987]. Major Topic: U.S. policy toward Mexico. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0919 NSDD 295 [January 1988]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR strategic arms reduction talks (START); space defense systems; NST; U.S. negotiating positions. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0936 NSDD 299 [January 1988]. Major Topic: Cuban nationals normal U.S. immigration procedures restoration. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0938 NSDD 300 [February 1988]. Major Topic: U.S. policy toward Mexico. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0940 NSDD 301 [February 1988]. Major Topics: Nuclear Risk Reduction Center establishment; accidental nuclear war. Principal Correspondents: John D. Negroponte; Ronald Reagan. 0947 NSDD 302 [April 1988]. Major Topic: Special nuclear material production. Principal Correspondents: Colin L. Powell; Ronald Reagan. 0951 NSDD 306 [May 1988]. Major Topic: Emergency relocation sites for U.S. officials. Principal Correspondents: Colin L. Powell; Ronald Reagan. 0954 NSDD 307 [May 1988]. Major Topics: USSR General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev–President Ronald Reagan summit meeting in Moscow, USSR; U.S.-USSR strategic arms reduction talks (START); space defense systems; NST; U.S. negotiating position changes for summit. Principal Correspondents: Colin L. Powell; Ronald Reagan. 0959 NSDD 309 [June 1988]. Major Topic: U.S. nuclear weapons safety and command and control. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan.

24 Frame No.

0962 NSDD 310 [July 1988]. Major Topics: U.S.-USSR strategic arms reduction talks (START); space defense systems; deployment of satellite-based sensors; NST; U.S. detailed negotiating positions, including responses to Soviet proposals. Principal Correspondents: John D. Negroponte; Ronald Reagan. 0995 NSDD 317 [October 1988]. Major Topic: Nuclear weapons deployment authorization. Principal Correspondent: Ronald Reagan. 0997 NSDD 321 [December 1988]. Major Topic: National Security Decision Directives disposition. Principal Correspondents: Colin L. Powell; Ronald Reagan. 1013 NSDD 322 [December 1988]. Major Topic: Chad policy. Principal Correspondents: Colin L. Powell; Ronald Reagan. 1018 NSDD 323 [January 1989]. Major Topic: Pre-Reagan policy papers disposition. Principal Correspondents: Colin L. Powell; Ronald Reagan.

National Security Planning Group 1028 NSPG 83A [December 1983–January 1984]. Major Topics: Central America policies and aid; El Salvador; Costa Rica; Honduras; Guatemala; Panama land reform; NSC congressional strategy on Central America; U.S. trade embargo on Nicaragua; U.S.-Sandinista relations; Grenada aid. Principal Correspondent: Otto J. Reich. 1080 NSPG 96 [September 1984]. Major Topic: NSC meeting with President Ronald Reagan on upcoming U.S.-USSR arms reduction talks, including control of space warfare systems. Principal Correspondents: Robert E. Linhard; Robert C. McFarlane.

Presidential Decision Directives 1119 PDD 16 [November 1993]. Major Topics: International desertification, forest conservation, and fresh water conservation policies; UN Conference on Environment and Development. Principal Correspondent: William J. Clinton. 1124 PDD 19 [January 1994]. Major Topic: Environmental protection responsibilities of multilateral development banks and Global Environment Facility. Principal Correspondent: William J. Clinton.

PRINCIPAL CORRESPONDENTS INDEX

The following index is a guide to the major correspondents in this microform publication. The first number after each entry refers to the reel, while the four-digit number following the colon refers to the frame number at which a particular file folder containing correspondence by the person begins. Hence, 9: 0184 refers to the folder that begins at Frame 0184 of Reel 9. By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial section of this guide, the researcher will find the folder title, inclusive dates, and a list of Major Topics and Principal Correspondents, listed in the order in which they appear on the film.

Abbuhl, Forest E. Clinton, William J. 9: 0184 12: 1119, 1124 Abshire, David M. Cole, Kenneth 11: 0737 11: 0513 Barnum, John W. Cooper, Theodore 3: 0796 7: 0001 Behr, Robert M. Cronk, Edwin M. 1: 0737, 0876; 3: 0594; 7: 0492; 8: 0693 9: 0767; 10: 0184, 0348, 0579, Davies, Rodger P. 0755; 11: 0513 5: 0163 Bender, C. R. Davis, Jeanne W. 5: 0382 2: 0748; 7: 0001; 11: 0513; 12: 0351 Bergsten, C. Fred Deere, Don U. 1: 0414; 2: 0584, 0881; 3: 0296; 3: 0499 8: 0771; 9: 0103, 0472; 10: 0755; Dulles, Allen W. 11: 0001, 0737, 0848; 12: 0001, 1: 0152 0152, 0351 Eliot, Theodore L., Jr. Brown, L. Dean 2: 0351; 5: 0382; 8: 0487; 11: 0210 3: 0904 Farley, Philip J. Brown, Winthrop G. 9: 0654 11: 0210 Flanigan, Peter M. Brzezinski, Zbigniew 1: 0256, 0258, 0264 12: 0562, 0573 Forrestal, James Bundy, McGeorge 1: 0074, 0087 1: 0212, 0221, 0223; 10: 0348 Gates, Robert Bunker, Ellsworth 6: 0706 8: 0487 Gathright, Wreatham E. Butler, John Marshall 5: 0232, 0717; 8: 0023; 10: 0184, 0348 1: 0212 Gilbert, Carl J. Carter, Jimmy 8: 0771 12: 0565, 0569, 0577, 0579, 0584 Gorton, J. G. Clift, A. Denis 9: 0472 4: 0771; 6: 0001; 7: 0001 Granger, Clint Cline, Ray S. 4: 0062 4: 0593

27 Grant, Lindsey Ingersoll, Robert S. 8: 0023 3: 0796; 4: 0062, 0391; 5: 0232, 0686, Green, Marshall 0717; 6: 0001, 0706; 8: 0023 8: 0023 Irwin, John N., II Gromyko, Andrei 1: 0414; 2: 0584, 0748; 3: 0001, 0296, 5: 0232 0680, 0796, 0904; 4: 0001, 0391, Grove, Brandon, Jr. 0593, 0771; 5: 0001, 0382, 0514, 3: 0680, 0796; 5: 0163; 7: 0492, 0636, 0518, 0629, 0686, 0852; 8: 0001; 0790; 10: 0184; 11: 0737 11: 0513, 0848; 12: 0001, 0152, Gruenther, Alfred M. 0351 1: 0001 Jacobsen, Lydik S. Guhin, Michael A. 3: 0499 3: 0594; 10: 0184 Johnson, Ernest Habib, Philip C. 3: 0080 5: 0232 Johnson, Lyndon Baines Haig, Alexander M., Jr. 1: 0225 1: 0264; 7: 0790; 11: 0513; 12: 0152 Johnson, U. Alexis Handyside, H. G. 1: 0876; 2: 0351, 0584; 3: 0594; 4: 0001 4: 0771; 5: 0163, 0686; 6: 0345; Hanford, Elizabeth 7: 0790; 9: 0051, 0767; 10: 0579; 9: 0472 11: 0383, 0848; 12: 0001, 0152 Hannah, John A. Kennedy, John F. 4: 0771; 5: 0001 1: 0198, 0200, 0202, 0204, 0206, 0208, Hardin, Clifford M. 0210 9: 0472; 12: 0001 Kennedy, Richard T. Harris, John A. 4: 0391, 0771; 11: 0737; 12: 0152, 0351 4: 0001 Kissinger, Henry A. Hartman, Arthur A. 1: 0228–0231, 0238–0245, 0256–0258, 1: 0414–0876; 2: 0001–0213, 0584– 0278–0876; 2: 0001–0881; 3: 0080– 0881; 3: 0001–0080, 0499–0594, 0904; 4: 0062–0771; 5: 0001, 0232, 0904; 4: 0001, 0391, 0771; 5: 0001– 0518, 0717; 6: 0001–0706; 7: 0280, 0163, 0518–0629; 7: 0280, 0790; 0790–0933; 8: 0001–0023, 0254, 8: 0023, 0192–0487, 0693–0932; 0487–0611, 0693; 9: 0001, 0184, 9: 0001–0767; 10: 0087–0184, 0472–0767; 10: 0087–0184, 0579– 0755; 11: 0210, 0383–0848; 0886; 11: 0001–0848; 12: 0001– 12: 0001–0112 0351 Heg, James Kleindienst, Richard D. 10: 0184 3: 0080 Helms, Richard Laird, Melvin R. 9: 0654 2: 0351; 4: 0771; 7: 0790, 0933; Hickel, Walter J. 11: 0210; 12: 0152 10: 0001, 0087; 11: 0513 Lay, James S., Jr. Hillenbrand, Martin J. 9: 0654 11: 0737 Lehmann, W. J. Hillenkoetter, R. H. 7: 0790 1: 0001 Lewis, William H. Holdridge, John H. 12: 0152 2: 0001, 0351; 3: 0296; 11: 0383 Lilly, William E. Hyland, William G. 8: 0611 4: 0391

28 Linhard, Robert E. Packard, David 12: 1080 2: 0351, 0748; 4: 0001; 7: 0492, 0790; Loesch, Harrison 8: 0611; 10: 0001, 0087 9: 0051; 11: 0383 Palma, Samuel De Lord, Winston 10: 0184 10: 0001 Palmby, Clarence D. Lossberg, Lewis G. von 2: 0584; 3: 0080 3: 0499 Peterson, Peter G. Low, Stephen 1: 0245; 3: 0296 3: 0796 Petty, John R. Lynn, James T. 9: 0103 3: 0080 Platig, E. Raymond Lynn, Laurence E., Jr. 4: 0062 2: 0001, 0351; 8: 0487; 9: 0767; Poats, Rutherford M. 11: 0737 5: 0232 Maxey, George G. Poindexter, John M. 3: 0499 12: 0683, 0766 McCracken, Paul W. Pollack, Herman 9: 0472 1: 0737; 2: 0213; 10: 0579 McElroy, W. D. Pollack, Howard W. 10: 0184 11: 0513 McFarlane, Robert C. Porter, William J. 3: 0001; 12: 1080 6: 0345; 8: 0611 Meyer, Charles A. Powell, Colin L. 8: 0001, 0254; 9: 0103; 12: 0112 12: 0906, 0947, 0951, 0954, 0997, Miller, Robert H. 1013, 1018 3: 0296 Propps, Herbert F. Morris, Donald R. 9: 0472 5: 0001 Ratiner, Leigh Nachmanoff, Arnold 10: 0184 1: 0278; 7: 0280, 0492; 8: 0001 Reagan, Ronald Navas, Rafael I. Marino 12: 0587–0676, 0698–1018 3: 0796 Reich, Otto J. Negroponte, John D. 12: 1028 12: 0940, 0962 Replogle, Luther Nehmer, Stanley 5: 0518 2: 0584 Richardson, Elliott L. Neilson, Paul 1: 0278–0876; 2: 0001, 0213; 7: 0280, 8: 0611 0790–0933; 8: 0001–0023, 0254– Nixon, Richard M. 0771; 9: 0001, 0654–0767; 1: 0235, 0247, 0261, 0559; 2: 0213, 10: 0348, 0579–0886; 11: 0001, 0748; 3: 0499, 0904; 9: 0767; 0210, 0338–0383, 0737–0848 11: 0513, 0737; 12: 0112 Robinson, Charles W. Nutter, G. Warren 6: 0345; 7: 0001 10: 0184 Rogers, William P. O’Neill, Robert D. 1: 0737; 3: 0296; 5: 0232, 0382; 4: 0001 9: 0767; 10: 0755; 11: 0737; Osgood, Robert E. 12: 0152 9: 0767; 10: 0087

29 Ruser, Claus W. Spiers, Ronald I. 4: 0001 4: 0001; 5: 0001; 7: 0933 Rush, Kenneth Stans, Maurice H. 3: 0680, 0796; 4: 0062; 5: 0382; 10: 0087 6: 0345; 7: 0280; 10: 0184 Stern, Ernest Rusk, Dean 8: 0693 1: 0195; 7: 0790 Stern, Thomas Salii, Lazarus 8: 0611 11: 0383 Stever, H. Guyford Samuels, Nathaniel 6: 0345, 0706 2: 0584, 0881; 5: 0163, 0232; 9: 0001, Stoessel, Walter J., Jr. 0472; 10: 0886; 12: 0001 5: 0852; 8: 0487 Saunders, Harold H. Strait, Edward B. 11: 0737, 0848 4: 0062 Schaefer, John Taylor, Maxwell D. 5: 0232 1: 0216 Schaum, Rounseville W. Thompson, Llewellyn E. 11: 0848 10: 0348 Schultz, Vincent Timmons, William E. 3: 0499 11: 0513 Scowcroft, Brent Train, Russell E. 1: 0266, 0269, 0274; 6: 0001, 0345, 7: 0001; 8: 0192; 10: 0001, 0087 0706; 7: 0001, 0280, 0492; 10: 0348 Trezise, Philip H. Seaborg, Glenn T. 9: 0472 8: 0219 Vaky, Viron P. Seamans, Robert C., Jr. 2: 0351; 8: 0254, 0693 7: 0790 Wakefield, Stephen A. Shepard, Geoff 10: 0184 2: 0748 Warner, John W. Shultz, George P. 4: 0771 10: 0348; 11: 0848 Weintraub, Sidney Siciliano, Rocco C. 8: 0693 2: 0351; 10: 0001; 11: 0383 Weiss, Seymour Sisco, Joseph J. 10: 0184 3: 0001; 5: 0163; 6: 0001; 7: 0492; Whitaker, John C. 11: 0737 10: 0001 Smith, Gerard Wiggins, G. A. 8: 0487 5: 0382 Smith, Walter B. Williams, Franklin Haydn 1: 0001 3: 0296 Sneider, Richard L. Williams, Maurice J. 7: 0790; 11: 0338 4: 0001 Solomon, Richard H. Wilson, Stanley D. 4: 0062 3: 0499 Sonnenfeldt, Helmut Worthington, Howard L. 2: 0001; 5: 0001, 0518, 0852; 7: 0790, 9: 0184 0933; 8: 0023, 0487; 9: 0767; Wright, Barbara M. 10: 0087, 0579; 11: 0210, 0513 3: 0904 Souers, Sidney W. Wright, Marshall 1: 0087 11: 0338

30 Yoder, Robert D. Ziegler, Ron 10: 0184 3: 0080

SUBJECT INDEX

The following index is a guide to the major topics in this microfilm publication. The first number after an entry refers to the reel, while the four-digit number following the colon refers to the frame number at which the folder containing information on the subject begins. Hence, 12: 0650 refers to the folder that begins at Frame 0650 of Reel 12. By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial section of this guide, the researcher will find the folder title, inclusive dates, and a list of Major Topics and Principal Correspondents, listed in the order in which they appear on the film and only once per folder.

ABM Treaty Animal diseases and zoonoses USSR noncompliance 12: 0650, 0683 foot-and-mouth 3: 0680, 0796; 11: 0737 U.S.-USSR talks 12: 0662 Antarctica Afghanistan 2: 0089; 10: 0184 U.S. relations 12: 0594 Antarctic Treaty Africa 2: 0089; 10: 0184, 0348 arms embargo 11: 0338, 0383 Arctic Policy Group research funding 4: 0062, 0391 4: 0001; 5: 0518, 0629; 11: 0513 Southern Africa 12: 0602, 0625 Arctic region Southern West Africa 11: 0848 international cooperation 4: 0001; U.S. aid 12: 0351 5: 0518, 0629; 11: 0513 U.S. relations 12: 0562 Argentina see also names of individual countries Antarctica claims 10: 0184, 0348 Agricultural exports and imports Antarctica programs 10: 0348 Latin America 1: 0559, 0737, 0876; U.S. aircraft sales 8: 0487 8: 0693 Armed services U.S. 9: 0472 South Korea 2: 0001, 0351, 0584; U.S.-EC 12: 0001 11: 0737 Agriculture U.S. in Europe 9: 0654 U.S.-USSR research 6: 0001, 0345, see also International military relations 0706; 7: 0001 Arms control and disarmament see also Agricultural exports and nonproliferation 12: 0579 imports USSR noncompliance 12: 0650, 0683, Air Force Department 0720 intelligence 1: 0001 U.S.-USSR talks 1: 0274; 12: 0648, Air pollution 0662, 0676–0698, 0706–0710, 9: 0767 0732, 0743, 0792–0828, 0865, Alaska 0875, 0906, 0919, 0954, 0962, 1080 nuclear test 4: 0771; 8: 0192, 0219, see also Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 0254, 0693 (SALT) USSR vessels seizure 5: 0382 see also Strategic Arms Reduction Alliance for Progress Talks (START) 8: 0693; 11: 0001 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency Angola 4: 0062 U.S. relations 12: 0602

33 Arms trade U.S. Arctic cooperation 4: 0001; Africa embargo 11: 0338, 0383 5: 0518, 0629; 11: 0513 developing countries 7: 0280 Canal Zone Persian Gulf states 5: 0163; 11: 0848 3: 0904 South Africa embargo 2: 0351 Cancer U.S.-Germany 3: 0296 U.S.-USSR research 6: 0001, 0345 U.S.–Latin America 7: 0636; 8: 0254, Cardiovascular diseases and disorders 0438, 0487 U.S.-USSR research 6: 0001, 0345 U.S.-Portugal 7: 0280 Central America Army U.S. relations 12: 0598, 0787, 0863, intelligence 1: 0001, 0087 1028 Asia Chad 1: 0152 12: 1013 see also South Asia Chemical and biological warfare see also names of individual countries general 3: 0001; 10: 0755 Atlantic-Pacific Interoceanic Canal Study USSR noncompliance 12: 0650, 0683, Commission 0648 3: 0904 Chemicals and chemistry Atomic Energy Commission 6: 0345 1: 0001 Chile Azores Antarctica programs 10: 0348 U.S. base 7: 0280 arms purchases 8: 0487 U.S.-Portugal negotiations 7: 0280 jet sales 2: 0351; 8: 0254, 0438 Bahrain China U.S. military purchases 5: 0163; intelligence 1: 0152 11: 0848 research funding 4: 0062, 0391 Banks and banking trade controls 8: 0023 12: 1124 U.S. relations 12: 0569 Biological Weapons Convention U.S. trade 3: 0080, 0296 3: 0001 Chronologies Bolivia space cooperation 2: 0213 insurgency 12: 0112 tariff preferences 8: 0771; 9: 0103 Brandt, Willy CIA 10: 0755, 0886 1: 0001, 0087, 0152 Brazil Civil aviation arms purchases 8: 0487 12: 0670 jet sales 2: 0351 Civil defense military and economic aid to Brazil 1: 0198 7: 0280 Clark Air Field U.S. aid 1: 0278; 8: 0023 2: 0089; 11: 0210 U.S. aircraft sales 8: 0254, 0438 Coast Guard U.S. loan 1: 0195 USSR vessels seizure 5: 0382 U.S. military relations 7: 0280, 0492 Colombia U.S. relations 7: 0280 arms purchases 8: 0487 Cambodia foot-and-mouth disease 3: 0680, 0796; 12: 0152 11: 0737 Canada highway aid 3: 0680, 0796; 11: 0737 preferences impact on U.S. labor jet sales 2: 0351; 8: 0254, 0438 8: 0771; 9: 0103 Commerce Department, U.S. 3: 0594

34 Communism Developing countries insurgency 1: 0216; 12: 0112 arms purchases 7: 0280 Soviet bloc 1: 0152 internal security 8: 0693 Comoros tariff preferences 1: 0414; 2: 0089; 12: 0700 8: 0771, 0932; 9: 0001, 0103, 0184 Compact for the Marshall Islands and the trade fairs 11: 0848 Federated States of Micronesia U.S. relations 11: 0001 12: 0766 Diplomatic and consular service Compulsory military service Dublin embassy 1: 0210 1: 0559 Gulf states 11: 0848 Computers missions reduction 8: 0487, 0611; 3: 0594 11: 0210 Congressional-executive relations Philippines embassy 2: 0351 10: 0579 travel, U.S. embassy personnel 8: 0487 Conservation of natural resources U.S.-USSR consulates 6: 0345 see Forests and forestry Disaster relief see International cooperation in 9: 0767 environmental affairs Diseases and disorders see Water pollution Lassa virus 5: 0686 see Water resources development U.S.-USSR research 6: 0001, 0345 Constitutional law Draft 11: 0383 see Compulsory military service Conte Amendment Duvalier, Jean-Claude 7: 0280 12: 0714 Continental shelf Earthquakes 5: 0232; 9: 0767; 10: 0001, 0087 and nuclear tests 8: 0192 Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Earth sciences Export Controls (COCOM) 9: 0767 10: 0579 East Asia Costa e Silva, Arthur da research funding 4: 0062, 0391 7: 0280 Eastern Europe Costa Rica research funding 4: 0062, 0391 12: 1028 Economic development Courts general 4: 0062, 0391, 0593 3: 0080 U.S. aid 12: 0152, 0351 Crisis Task Force Egypt 1: 0278 skyjacking sanctions 2: 0748 Cuba U.S. aid 1: 0223 U.S. embargo 12: 0737 El Salvador U.S. immigration 12: 0936 12: 1028 U.S. relations 12: 0737 Employment Yugoslavia trade 2: 0881 and tariff preferences 8: 0771; 9: 0103 David, Edward E. Energy resources 5: 0852 Antarctica 2: 0089; 10: 0348 Defense Department, U.S. (DoD) U.S.-USSR research 6: 0001, 0345, research funding 4: 0391, 0593, 0062 0706; 7: 0001 on U.S. Continental Shelf boundary Europe 10: 0001, 0087 military advisory groups 2: 0351 De Jong, J. S. uranium plant 1: 0737, 0876; 10: 0348, 7: 0790 0579

35 Europe cont. Foreign relations U.S. force reduction 9: 0654 Antarctica access 10: 0184, 0348 U.S. policy 9: 0654 China 12: 0573 Western 4:0062, 0391 Indian Ocean nations 12: 0700 see also names of individual countries intelligence sharing 1: 0001 European Atomic Energy Community research funding 4: 0062, 0391, 0593 (EURATOM) Spain 7: 0280 10: 0348, 0579 U.S.-Afghanistan 12: 0598 European Community (EC) U.S.–Africa Horn 12: 0562 enlargement 12: 0001 U.S.-Angola 12: 0602 Spain relations 7: 0280 U.S.-Botswana 12: 0625 tariff preferences 8: 0771; 9: 0103 U.S.-Brazil 7: 0280 European Space Agency U.S.–Central America 12: 0602, 0787, 5: 0727 0863, 1028 Exchange of persons programs U.S.-Chad 12: 1013 U.S.-Poland 5: 0852 U.S.-Cuba 12: 0737 U.S.-USSR 4: 0001; 6: 0345 U.S.–developing countries 11: 0001 Exhibitions and trade fairs U.S.-India 12: 0642 U.S. participation 2: 0584, 0748; U.S.-India-Pakistan 12: 0642 11: 0848 U.S.-Indochina 12: 0635 Expropriation U.S.-Malawi 12: 0625 1: 0559 U.S.-Malta 4: 0771; 5: 0001 Family planning U.S.–Mediterranean countries 9: 0654 11: 0001 U.S.-Mexico 12: 0609, 0915, 0938 Federal aid programs U.S.-Pakistan 12: 0642 foreign affairs research 4: 0062, 0391, U.S.-Panama 3: 0904 0593 U.S.-Philippines 12: 0613, 0630 Federal interagency relations U.S.-Poland 5: 0852 air force–navy disagreement 1: 0087 U.S.-Romania 1: 0278, 0414; 8: 0023; continental shelf disagreement 9: 0654 10: 0001, 0087 U.S.–South Africa 12: 0602 intelligence services 1: 0001, 0074, U.S.–Southern Africa 12: 0625 0087 U.S.–South West Africa 11: 0848 Latin America disagreement 2: 0584 U.S.-Swaziland 12: 0625 military disagreement 7: 0933 U.S.-TTPI 1: 0414; 2: 0001; 3: 0296; U.S. territory disagreement 10: 0001 8: 0932; 9: 0051; 11: 0383 Fish and fishing industry U.S.-USSR 1: 0242, 0258 law violation 5: 0382 U.S.-Yugoslavia 2: 0881 U.S.-USSR research 6: 0001, 0345, U.S.-Zaire 12: 0625 0706; 7: 0001 U.S.-Zambia 12: 0625 vessels seizure 5: 0382 U.S.-Zimbabwe 12: 0625 Foreign assistance see also Arms control and disarmament see International assistance see also Diplomatic and consular Foreign Assistance Act service 12: 0152, 0351 see also Exchange of persons programs Foreign debts see also Foreign trade 11: 0001 see also International assistance see also International cooperation in Foreign investment environmental affairs 9: 0184; 12: 0621

36 see also International cooperation in Government information environmental sciences 12: 0587 see also International cooperation in Government workers science and technology DoD teachers 1: 0559 see also Military assistance overseas reductions 1: 0559; 2: 0001, Foreign trade 0351; 8: 0487, 0611; 11: 0210 U.S.–Latin America 1: 0559, 0737, Philippines 11: 0338 0876; 2: 0351; 8: 0693; 9: 0103, see also Diplomatic and consular 0184, 0472 service U.S.-USSR 1: 0245 see also Military personnel see also Exhibitions and trade fairs Greece see also Foreign trade controls 11: 0737; 12: 0152 Foreign trade controls Grenada advanced computers 3: 0594 12: 1028 China-U.S. 3: 0080, 0296; 8: 0023 Guatemala Latin America 2: 0584; 8: 0693; 9: 0103, 12: 1028 0184 Haiti nontariff barriers 8: 0693; 9: 0103, 0184 12: 0714 U.S. technology 1: 0278; 12: 0617 Harbors and ports Forests and forestry Latin America 9: 0184 6: 0345; 12: 1119 New Zealand 12: 0674 France port entry and access 5: 0232 NATO review 11: 0210 Herbicides nuclear program 7: 0636 10: 0755 U.S. military cooperation 3: 0904 Hickenlooper Amendment U.S. nuclear aid 10: 0348 1: 0559; 9: 0103 Gemstones Higher education 1: 0212 1: 0559 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Honduras 12: 0001 12: 1028 Geneva Convention on the Continental Housing Shelf of 1958 U.S.-USSR research 6: 0001, 0345, 9: 0767; 10: 0001, 0087 0706; 7: 0001 Geneva Protocol of 1925 Hungary 10: 0755 8: 0487 Germany, Federal Republic of (West Hurricanes Germany) 5: 0232 defense purchases 3: 0296 Iceland troop costs 3: 0296; 10: 0755, 0886; 5: 0518 11: 0001 Immigration and emigration Global Environment Facility 12: 0936, 0737 12: 1124 India Gorbachev, Mikhail nuclear tests 7: 0492, 0636 Reagan talks 12: 0662, 0706, 0811, Indian Ocean 0906, 0951 12: 0706 Government and the press Indochina 1: 0221 12: 0635 Government documents Infectious and parasitic diseases 1: 0737; 9: 0767, 0654 Lassa virus 5: 0686

37 Insurgency uranium enrichment 1: 0737, 0876; 1: 0216, 0228; 12: 0112 3: 0499, 0594; 10: 0348, 0579 Intelligence Advisory Committee U.S.–Latin America 9: 0184 establishment U.S.-Poland 5: 0852 1: 0001 USSR-France 2: 0213 Intelligence services U.S.-USSR 5: 0686; 6: 0001, 0345, general 1: 0152 0706; 7: 0001; 12: 0676, 0706, 0732 interagency coordination 1: 0001, 0074, weather modification 5: 0232 0087 International Development Association Interagency Arctic Research 11: 0001 Coordinating Committee International military relations 11: 0513 burden sharing 12: 0152, 0351 Inter-American Economic and Social research funding 4: 0062, 0391 Council U.S.-Brazil 7: 0280, 0492 1: 0559, 0737, 0876; 8: 0693, 0771, U.S.-France 3: 0904 0932; 9: 0001, 0103, 0184, 0472 U.S.-Germany 3: 0296; 10: 0755, 0886; Internal security 11: 0001 developing countries 8: 0693 U.S.-Netherlands 1: 0278; 7: 0790, 0933 International assistance U.S.-Spain 5: 0001; 7: 0280 Brazil, U.S. aid 1: 0278; 7: 0280; see also NATO 8: 0023 International sanctions Central America 12: 0787 Portugal 7: 0280 developing countries 8: 0693 skyjacking 2: 0748 Egypt, U.S. aid 1: 0223 South Africa 2: 0351 general 3: 0001 International Telecommunications Latin America 9: 0184 Corporation U.S. 11: 0001; 12: 0152, 0351 11: 0848 USSR, Lend-Lease 1: 0256, 0261, 0264 International Telecommunications Yugoslavia, U.S. aid 2: 0881 Satellite Organization (INTELSAT) see also Military assistance 5: 0727 International Atomic Energy Agency Ireland 7: 0636 1: 0210 International cooperation in cultural Israel activities 1: 0231 5: 0852 Italy International cooperation in 9: 0654 environmental affairs Japan general 12: 1119 research funding 4: 0062, 0391 negotiations 5: 0686 space cooperation 1: 0278; 5: 0727 ocean dumping 5: 0686 tariff preferences 8: 0771; 9: 0103 International cooperation in Joint Committee on Atomic Energy environmental sciences 10: 0579 U.S.-USSR 6: 0001, 0345, 0706; Jordan 7: 0001 2: 0748 International cooperation in science and Keldysh, Mstislav technology 2: 0213 Antarctica 2: 0089; 10: 0184, 0348 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of Arctic 4: 0001; 5: 0518, 0629; 11: 0513 (North Korea) Japan-U.S. 1: 0278; 7: 0790; 8: 0023 UN radio broadcasts 2: 0001; 8: 0611 space 5: 0686, 0727; 9: 0767

38 Korea, Republic of (South Korea) Mental health and illness military modernization 2: 0001, 0351, 6: 0345 0584; 11: 0210, 0737 Metals and metal industries U.S. aid 12: 0152 6: 0345 U.S. troop reduction 2: 0001, 0351, Meteorology 0584; 11: 0210, 0737 5: 0232 Vietnam forces 5: 0518 Mexico Laos U.S. relations 12: 0613, 0915, 0938 12: 0152 Micronesia Latin America trusteeship termination 12: 0766 jet sales 1: 0414, 0737; 2: 0351; see also Trust Territory of the Pacific 7: 0636, 0790; 8: 0254, 0438 Islands (TTPI) military assistance 8: 0001 Middle East research funding 4: 0062, 0391 military operations 7: 0280 U.S. aid 11: 0001; 12: 0351 peace process 12: 0606 U.S. trade relations 1: 0559, 0737, Persian Gulf States 5: 0163; 11: 0848 0876; 2: 0584; 8: 0693; 9: 0103, research funding 4: 0062, 0391 0184, 0472 see also names of individual countries see also names of individual countries Military aircraft Lebanon Latin America sales 1: 0414, 0737; 2: 0748 2: 0351; 7: 0636, 0790; 8: 0254, Limited Test Ban Treaty 0438, 0487 7: 0492; 9: 0051 Military assistance Lucet, Charles advisory groups 2: 0351 10: 0579 Brazil 1: 0278; 7: 0280, 0492; 8: 0023 Luns, Joseph general 3: 0001; 11: 0737; 12: 0152, 7: 0790 0351 Madagascar Greece 11: 0737 U.S. relations 12: 0700 Israel 1: 0231 Malta Korea 2: 0001, 0351, 0584; 5: 0518; NATO aid 5: 0001 11: 0210, 0737 U.S. relations 4: 0771; 5: 0001 Latin America 8: 0001 Marianas Islands Portugal 7: 0280 3: 0296 Thailand 1: 0228 Maritime law Military aviation Arctic sea route 11: 0513 1: 0074; 4: 0771 general 9: 0767; 10: 0001, 0087; Military bases, posts, and reservations 12: 0639 Azores 7: 0280 UN conference 1: 0266 Iceland 5: 0518 U.S.-USSR incidents 4: 0771; 5: 0382, Philippines 2: 0089; 9: 0767 0514; 6: 0345 Spain 1: 0278, 0876; 7: 0280 U.S.-USSR negotiations 5: 0232 TTPI 3: 0296 Mauritius Military government 12: 0700 1: 0278; 11: 0737 Meat and meat products Military personnel 9: 0472 overseas reductions 1: 0559; 2: 0001, Medical research 0351; 8: 0487, 0611; 11: 0210 artificial heart 6: 0345 Philippines 11: 0338 U.S.-USSR 6: 0001, 0345, 0706; 7: 0001

39 Military strategy Iceland base retention 5: 0518 Antarctica 10: 0184, 0348 military buildup 1: 0208 research funding 4: 0062, 0391, 0593 review 2: 0001; 11: 0210 Military supplies and equipment SALT consultations 9: 0654 1: 0272 Spain links 5: 0001 Military weapons U.S. forces 11: 0210 see Military aircraft NATO Committee on Challenges of the see Military assistance Modern Society (CCMS) see Missile defense systems 9: 0767 see Nuclear weapons Natural gas reserves Mines and mineral resources 9: 0767; 10: 0001, 0087 Antarctica 2: 0089; 10: 0184, 0348 Naval vessels Arctic 4: 0001; 5: 0518, 0629; 11: 0513 Brazil 1: 0278; 7: 0492; 8: 0023 general 9: 0767; 10: 0001, 0087 Navy Mintoff, Dom intelligence 1: 0001, 0087 4: 0771; 5: 0001 U.S.-USSR incidents 4: 0771 Missile defense systems Netherlands USSR noncompliance 12: 0650, 0683 submarine 1: 0278; 7: 0790, 0933 U.S.-USSR 9: 0654 Nevada U.S.-USSR talks 12: 0648, 0662, 0676, nuclear test 3: 0499; 8: 0192, 0219 0706, 0730, 0743, 0792–0828, New Zealand 0865, 0875, 0906, 0919, 0954, 12: 0674 0962, 1080 Nicaragua Missiles and rockets 12: 1028 U.S.-USSR talks 12: 0648, 0662, 0676, Nixon, Richard M. 0706, 0743, 0792–0828, 0865, 2: 0748 0875, 0906, 0919, 0954, 0962, 1080 Nixon Doctrine see also Missile defense systems 12: 0152, 0351 National Aeronautics and Space Nontariff barriers Administration (NASA) see Foreign trade controls 2: 0213; 5: 0001 North Atlantic Treaty Organization National defense see NATO and boundaries 9: 0767; 10: 0001, 0087 Northlands Compact for International civil defense 1: 0198 Cooperation self-reliance 12: 0152, 0351 5: 0629, 0518; 11: 0513 see also terms beginning with Military Nuclear nonproliferation National Intelligence Surveys see Arms control and disarmament 1: 0087 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty National Oceanic and Atmospheric 7: 0492, 0636 Administration (NOAA) Nuclear Risk Reduction Center 5: 0232 12: 0940 National parks Nuclear testing and test sites U.S.-USSR 6: 0345 India 7: 0492, 0636 National Petroleum Council Pakistan 7: 0636 10: 0001, 0087 peaceful explosions 1: 0269, 0559; National Science Foundation 7: 0492, 0636; 9: 0051 10: 0348 special nuclear material 12: 0947 NATO underground tests 1: 0269, 0559; general 10: 0886 3: 0499; 4: 0001, 0771; 7: 0636; on Greek junta 11: 0737 8: 0192, 0219, 0254, 0693; 9: 0051

40 USSR noncompliance 12: 0650, 0683 Permanent Interstate Committee to U.S.-USSR talks 12: 0648, 0662, 0676, Combat Drought in the Sahel 0698, 0706, 0743, 0792–0828, 5: 0232 0865, 0875, 0906, 0919, 0954, Persian Gulf states 0962, 1080 5: 0163; 11: 0848 Nuclear war Peru 5: 0001; 12: 0940, 0951 8: 0487 Nuclear weapons Petroleum and petroleum industry command/control 12: 0890, 0959 see Offshore oil and gas deployment 12: 0871, 0995 see Petroleum reserves ocean floor ban 10: 0087 Petroleum reserves safety/security 12: 0730, 0888, 0959 9: 0767; 10: 0001, 0087; 11: 0513 U.S. nonproliferation 7: 0636 Philippines USSR nonproliferation 7: 0636 embassy staff 2: 0351 U.S.-USSR talks 12: 0648, 0662, 0676, U.S. aid 12: 0152 0706, 0743, 0792–0828, 0865, U.S. bases 2: 0089; 9: 0767 0875, 0906, 0919, 0954, 0962, 1080 U.S. employment 11: 0338 Oceania U.S. relations 12: 0617, 0630 see Marianas Islands Physics see Micronesia U.S.-USSR research 6: 0001, 0345, see Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 0706; 7: 0001 (TTPI) Poland Oceanography 1: 0202, 0204, 0206; 5: 0852; 8: 0487 U.S.-USSR 6: 0001, 0345, 0706; Portugal 7: 0001 arms embargo 11: 0338, 0383 Officials Azores negotiations 7: 0280 emergency relocation 12: 0951 Precipitation Offshore oil and gas rain-making, Sahel 5: 0232 Antarctica 10: 0184, 0348 Psychological warfare general 9: 0767; 10: 0001, 0087 2: 0001; 9: 0654 Oman Public Health Service 5: 0163; 11: 0848 1: 0001 Opinion and attitude surveys Public welfare programs Spain, NATO membership 5: 0001 11: 0001 Overseas Private Investment Qatar Corporation 5: 0163; 11: 0848 9: 0184 Radioactive materials Paine, Thomas O. underground tests 3: 0499; 8: 0219 2: 0213 Reagan, Ronald Pakistan Gorbachev talks 12: 0662, 0706, 0811, 7: 0636 0906, 0954 Panama Research foot-and-mouth disease 3: 0680, 0796; foreign affairs 4: 0062, 0391, 0593 11: 0737 U.S.-USSR 5: 0232 highway aid, U.S. 3: 0680, 0796; see also International cooperation in 11: 0737 environmental sciences land reform 12: 1028 see also International cooperation in U.S. relations 3: 0904 science and technology Percy, Charles W. Right of asylum 10: 0755 5: 0382

41 Romania TTPI 1: 0414; 2: 0001; 3: 0296; 8: 0932; U.S. relations 1: 0278, 0414; 8: 0023; 9: 0051; 11: 0383 9: 0654 Soviet bloc Sahel 1: 0152 5: 0232 Space programs Sandinistas Apollo-Soyuz 6: 0001 12: 1028 defense systems 12: 0732, 0766, 0792, Satellites 0826, 0828, 0848, 0865, 0875, anti-satellite systems 12: 0851 0906, 0919, 0954, 0962, 1080 earth resources 9: 0767 general 12: 0569 sensors 12: 0962 hardware-technology export 5: 0686, Saudi Arabia 0727 11: 0848 international cooperation 5: 0686, 0727; Science and technology 9: 0767 export controls 12: 0621 U.S. export 7: 0790 intelligence collection 1: 0087 U.S.-Japan 1: 0278; 7: 0790; 8: 0023 meteorology 5: 0232 U.S. launch assistance 5: 0686, 0727 U.S. export 1: 0278 USSR, NASA notification 5: 0001 see also International cooperation in USSR-France 2: 0213 environmental sciences U.S.-USSR 2: 0213; 6: 0345, 0706; see also International cooperation in 7: 0001 science and technology Spain see also Physics defense role 5: 0001 Seabed Arms Control Treaty EC relationship 7: 0280 10: 0087 NATO link 5: 0001; 7: 0280 Security Assistance Program Review U.S. bases 1: 0278, 0876; 7: 0280 Committee U.S. military cooperation 5: 0001; 4: 0001 7: 0280 Semenov, V. Standing Consultative Commission 9: 0654 (SCC), Geneva Seychelles 1: 0274; 12: 0584 12: 0700 State Department, U.S. Ships and shipping contingency planning 1: 0278 Latin America 9: 0184 intelligence 1: 0001 see also Maritime law research funding 4: 0391, 0062 Skyjacking Stockpiling 2: 0748 1: 0225 Smith, Gerard Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) 9: 0654 general 1: 0235, 0238, 0247; 4: 0771 South Africa preliminary 9: 0654 arms embargo 11: 0338 Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START) U.S. relations 12: 0602 12: 0662, 0676, 0706–0710, 0732, South Asia 0743, 0792–0828, 0865, 0875, research funding 4: 0062, 0391 0906, 0919, 0954, 0962, 1080 South West Africa Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) U.S. relations 11: 0848 U.S.-USSR talks 12: 0662, 0676 Sovereignty Submarines Antarctica 10: 0184, 0348 Netherlands 1: 0278; 7: 0790, 0933 Arctic, Canada 11: 0513 Micronesia 12: 0766

42 Tariffs see also Seabed Arms Control Treaty and EC enlargement 12: 0001 see also Strategic Arms Limitation Talks general 2: 0584 (SALT) Latin America 2: 0584 see also Strategic Arms Reduction preferences 1: 0414; 2: 0089; 8: 0771, Talks (START) 0932; 9: 0001, 0103, 0184 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands Taxation (TTPI) Poland 1: 0202, 0204, 0206 designation as Micronesia 8: 0932 Teachers political status 1: 0414; 2: 0001; 3: 0296; 1: 0559 8: 0932; 9: 0051; 11: 0383 Technical assistance TTPI designation as Commonwealth of 11: 0848 Micronesia 11: 0383 Telecommunications see also Marianas Islands 12: 0565 UN Conference on Environment and Territorial waters Development 9: 0767; 10: 0001, 0087 12: 1119 Terrorism UN Conference on the Law of the Sea 12: 0670 1: 0266 Thailand Union of Soviet Socialist Republics U.S. aid 1: 0228; 12: 0152 (USSR) Torrijos, Omar Antarctic programs 10: 0348 3: 0904 Lassa virus 5: 0686 Traffic accidents and safety Lend-Lease 1: 0256, 0261, 0264 9: 0767 maritime negotiations 5: 0232 Train, Russell E. NASA notification 5: 0001 6: 0001, 0345, 0706; 7: 0001 nuclear testing 1: 0559; 7: 0492; Transportation and transportation 12: 0698 equipment research funding 4: 0062, 0391 U.S.-USSR research 6: 0001, 0345, telecommunications interception 0706; 7: 0001 12: 0565 Travel and tourism treaty noncompliance 12: 0650, 0683, Latin America 9: 0184 0720, 0851 U.S.-China 3: 0080, 0296 uranium to Europe 10: 0579 Treaties and conventions U.S. Arctic cooperation 4: 0001; Biological Weapons Convention 3: 0001 5: 0518, 0629; 11: 0513 Compact for the Marshall Islands and U.S. cooperative research 6: 0001, the Federated States of Micronesia 0345, 0706; 7: 0001 12: 0766 U.S. nuclear relations 1: 0242 General Agreement on Tariffs and U.S. sea incidents 4: 0771; 5: 0382, Trade 12: 0001 0514 Geneva Protocol of 1925 10: 0755 U.S. space cooperation 2: 0213; 9: 0767 ocean dumping 5: 0686 U.S. talks 1: 0274; 12: 0648, 0662, ocean floor nuclear ban 10: 0087 0676, 0706, 0710, 0732, 0743, U.S.-Micronesia 12: 0766 0792–0828, 0865, 0875, 0906, see also ABM Treaty 0919, 0954, 0962, 1080 see also Antarctic Treaty U.S. trade 1: 0245 see also Geneva Convention on the U.S.-USSR hot line 4: 0771; 5: 0001 Continental Shelf of 1958 vessels seizure 5: 0382 see also Limited Test Ban Treaty see also Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

43 United Arab Emirates Vaky, Peter U.S. military purchases 5: 0163; 1: 0278 11: 0848 Vietnam United Kingdom (UK) chemical agents 3: 0001 Gulf relations 5: 0163; 11: 0848 Saigon embassy 8: 0487 Malta relations 4: 0771; 5: 0001 U.S. equipment sale 1: 0272 tariff preferences 8: 0771; 9: 0103 Vietnam War Uranium Korea forces 5: 0518 enrichment 1: 0737, 0876; 3: 0499, Voice of UN Command 0594; 10: 0348, 0579 2: 0001; 8: 0611 gaseous diffusion 1: 0737, 0876; Wars and military conflicts 10: 0348, 0579 see Nuclear war U.S. Agency for International see Psychological warfare Development (USAID) see Vietnam War Brazil programs 7: 0280, 0492 Water pollution research funding 4: 0062, 0391, 0593 12: 1119 U.S. Antarctic Research Program ocean dumping 5: 0686 10: 0348 Water resources development U.S. Development Corporation general 12: 1119 12: 0152, 0351 U.S.-USSR research 6: 0345, 0706; U.S. Information Agency 7: 0001 general 1: 0001; 2: 0001; 8: 0611 Williams, Franklin Haydn research funding 4: 0391, 0593, 0062 3: 0296 U.S. Inter-American Development Bank World Meteorological Organization 8: 0693; 11: 0001 5: 0232 USSR Yugoslavia see Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 2: 0881 USSR Academy of Sciences Zangger Committee 2: 0213 7: 0636

44 APPENDIX I

National Security Act of 1947

§ 402. National Security Council

(a) Establishment; presiding officer; functions; composition There is established a council to be known as the National Security Council (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Council”). The President of the United States shall preside over meetings of the Council; Provided, That in his absence he may designate a member of the Council to preside in his place. The function of the Council shall be to advise the President with respect to the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security so as to enable the military services and the other departments and agencies of the Government to operate more effectively in matters involving the national security. The Council shall be composed of— (1) the President; (2) the Vice-President; (3) the Secretary of State; (4) the Secretary of Defense; (5) the Director for Mutual Security; (6) the Chairman of the National Security Resources Board; and (7) the Secretaries and Under Secretaries of other executive departments and of the military departments, the Chairman of the Munitions Board, and the Chairman of the Research and Development Board, when appointed by the President and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to serve at his pleasure.

(b) Additional functions In addition to performing such other functions as the President may direct, for the purpose of more effectively coordinating the policies and functions of the departments and agencies of the Government relating to the national security it shall, subject to the direction of the President, be the duty of the Council— (1) to assess and appraise the objectives, commitments, and risks of the United States in relation to our actual and potential military power, in the interest of national security, for the purpose of making recommendations to the President in connection therewith; and (2) to consider policies on matters of common interest to the departments and agencies of the Government concerned with the national security, and to make recommendations to the President in connection therewith.

45 (c) Executive secretary; appointment; staff employees The Council shall have a staff to be headed by a civilian executive secretary who shall be appointed by the President. The executive secretary, subject to the direction of the Council, is authorized, subject to the civil-service laws and chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, to appoint and fix the compensation of such personnel as may be necessary to perform such duties as may be prescribed by the Council in connection with the performance of its functions.

(d) Recommendations and reports The Council shall, from time to time, make such recommendations, and such other reports to the President as it deems appropriate or as the President may require. (July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title I, § 101, 61 Stat. 497; Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, § 3, 63 Stat. 579; Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, title XI, § 1106(a), 63 Stat. 972; Oct. 10, 1951, ch. 479, title V, § 501(e)(1), 65 Stat. 378.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT The civil-service laws, referred to in subsec. (c), are set forth in Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. See, particularly, section 3301 et seq. of that title.

CODIFICATION In subsec. (c), provisions that specified compensation of $10,000 per year for the executive secretary to the Council are omitted as obsolete and superseded. Sections 1202 and 1204 of the Classification Act of 1949, 63 Stat. 972, 973, repealed the Classification Act of 1923 and all other law or parts of laws inconsistent with the 1949 Act. The Classification Act of 1949 was repealed by Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, § 8(a), 80 Stat. 632, and reenacted as chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Section 5102 of Title 5 now contains the applicability provisions of the 1949 Act, and section 5103 of Title 5 authorizes the Civil Service Commission to determine the applicability to specific positions and employees. “Chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5” was substituted for “the Classification Act of 1949, as amended” on authority of section 7(b) of Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, section 1 of which enacted Title 5.

AMENDMENTS 1951—Subsec. (a). Act Oct. 10, 1951 inserted clause (5), relating to Director for Mutual Security, in fourth paragraph, and renumbered former clauses (5) and (6) thereof as clauses (6) and (7), respectively. 1949—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 10, 1949, added the Vice-President to the Council, removed the Secretaries of the military departments, to authorize the President to add, with the consent of the Senate, Secretaries and Under Secretaries of other executive departments and of the military department, and the Chairmen of the Munitions Board and the Research and Development Board. Subsec. (c). Act Oct. 28, 1949, substituted the “Classification Act of 1949” for the “Classification Act of 1923, as amended.”

REPEALS Act Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, title XI, § 1106(a), 63 Stat. 972, set out in the credit of this section, was repealed (subject to a savings clause) by Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, § 8, 80 Stat. 632, 655.

TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS The office of Director for Mutual Security was abolished and the functions of the Director, including those as a member of the National Security Council, transferred to the Director of the Foreign Operations Administration by Reorg. Plan No. 7 of 1953, eff. Aug. 1, 1953, 18 F.R. 4541, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. The Foreign Operations Administration was subsequently superseded by the Agency for International Development. The National Security Resources Board, together with the Office of Chairman, was abolished by section 6 of Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1953, eff. June 12, 1953, 18 F.R. 3375, 67 Stat. 634 set out under section 404 of this title. Functions of the Chairman with limited exception, including his functions as a member

46 of the National Security Council were transferred to the Office of Defense Mobilization by section 2(a) of Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1953. The functions of the Director of the Office of Defense Mobilization with respect to being a member of the National Security Council were transferred to the Director of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1958, § 4, eff. July 1, 1958, 23 F.R. 4991, 72 Stat. 1799, as amended by Pub. L. 85-763, Aug. 26, 1958, 72 Stat. 861, set out as a note under section 2271 of Appendix to this title. The Munitions Board, together with the office of Chairman, was abolished by section 2 of Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1953, eff. June 30, 1953, 18 F.R. 3743, 67 Stat. 638, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. All functions vested in the Munitions Board were transferred to the Secretary of Defense by section 1(a) of Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1953. The Research and Development Board, together with the office of Chairman, was abolished by section 2 of Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1953, eff. June 30, 1953, 18 F.R. 3743, 67 Stat. 638, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. All functions vested in the Board were transferred to the Secretary of Defense by section 1(a) of Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1953. The National Security Council, together with its functions, records, property, personnel, and unexpended balances of appropriation, allocations, and other funds (available or to be made available) were transferred to the Executive Office of the President by Reorg. Plan No. 4 of 1949, eff. Aug. 19, 1949, 14 F.R. 5227, 63 Stat. 1067, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

COMPOSITION OF NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL Pursuant to section 3(a)(1) of Ex. Ord. No. 11905, Feb. 18, 1976, 41 F.R. 7703, set out under section 401 of this title, statutory members of the National Security Council are the President, Vice-President, Secretary of State, and Secretary of Defense.

SECTION AS UNAFFECTED BY REPEALS Repeals by section 542(a) of Mutual Security Act of 1954 did not repeal amendment to this section by act Oct. 10, 1951.

NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY Pub. L. 86-36, §§ 1 to 8, May 29, 1959, 73 Stat. 63, as amended by Pub. L. 87-367, title II, §§ 201, 204, Oct. 4, 1961, 70 Stat. 789, 791; Pub. L. 87-793, § 1001 (c), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 864; Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1024, title III, § 306(a), as added Mar. 26, 1964, Pub. L. 88-2990, 78 Stat. 170; Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88-426, title III, § 302(h), 78 Stat. 430; Oct. 6, 1964, Pub. L. 88-631 § 3(d), 78 Stat. 878; Pub. L. 91-187, § 2, Dec. 30, 1969, 84 Stat. 850, provided certain administrative authorities for the National Security Agency. Sections 1 and 3 of Pub. L. 86-36 of amended section 1082 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, and section 1581(a) of Title 10, Armed Forces (as modified by section 12(a) of the Federal Employees Salary Increase Act of 1958, 72 Stat. 213), respectively. Section 1 exempted the National Security Agency from the provisions of the Classification Act 1949, now covered by chapter 51 and subchapter III of Chapter 53 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Section 3 deleted provision permitting the Secretary of Defense to establish not more than 50 research and development positions in the National Security Agency. Sections 2 and 4 to 8 of Pub. L. 86-36 provided as follows: “Sec 2. The Secretary of Defense (or his designee for the purpose) is authorized to establish such positions, and to appoint thereto, without regard to the civil service laws, such officers and employees, in the National Security Agency, as may be necessary to carry out the functions of such agency. The rates of basic compensation for such positions shall be fixed by the Secretary of Defense (or his designee for the purpose) in relation to the rates of basic compensation contained in the General Schedule of the Classification Act of 1949, as amended [now set out under section 5332 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees], for positions subject to such Act which have corresponding levels of duties and responsibilities. Except as provided in subsections (f) and (g) of section 303 of the Federal Executive Salary Act of 1964 [see sections 5316(100) and 5317 of Title 5], no officer or employee of the National Security Agency shall be paid basic compensation at a rate in excess of the highest rate of basic compensation contained in such General Schedule. Not more than seventy such officers and employees shall be paid basic compensation at rates equal to rates of basic compensation contained in grades 16, 17, and 18 of such General Schedule. [As amended Pub. L. 87-3687, title II, § 201, Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 789; Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1024, title III, § 306(a), as added Mar. 26, 1964, Pub. L. 88-631, § 3(d), 78 Stat. 1008; Oct. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89-632, § 1(e)(1), 80 Stat. 878.]

47 “Sec. 4. The Secretary of Defense (or his designee for the purpose) is authorized to— “(1) establish in the National Security Agency (A) professional engineering positions primarily concerned with research and development and (B) professional positions in the physical and natural sciences, medicine, and cryptology; and “(2) fix the respective rates of pay of such positions at rates equal to rates of basic pay contained in grades 16, 17, and 18 of the General Schedule set forth in section 5332 of title 5, United States Code. Officers and employees appointed to postions established under this section shall be in addition to the number of officers and employees appointed to positions under section 2 of this Act who may be paid at rates equal to rates of basic pay contained in grades 16, 17, and 18 of the General Schedule. [As amended Pub. L. 87-367, title II, § 204, Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 791; Pub. L. 87-793, § 1001(c), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 864; Pub. L. 89-632, § 1(e), Oct. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 878; Pub. L. 91-187, § 2, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 850.] “Sec. 5. Officers and employees of the National Security Agency who are citizens or nationals of the United States may be granted additional compensation, in accordance with regulations which shall be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, not in excess of additional compensation authorized by section 207 of the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1949, as amended (5 U.S.C. 118h) [now 5 U.S.C. 5941], for employees whose rates of basic compensation are fixed by statute. “Sec. 6. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, nothing in this Act or any other law (including, but not limited to, the first section and section 2 of the Act of August 28, 1935 (5 U.S.C. 654) [repealed by Pub. L. 86-626, title I, § 101, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 427]) shall be construed to require the disclosure of the organization or any function of the National Security Agency, or any information with respect to the activities thereof, or of the names, titles, salaries, or number of the persons employed by such agency. “(b) The reporting requirements of section 1582 of title 10, United States Code, shall apply to positions established in the National Security Agency in the manner provided by section 4 of this Act. “Sec. 7. [Repealed. Pub. L. 89-554, § 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 660.] “Sec. 8. The foregoing provisions of this Act shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period which begins later than the thirtieth day following the date of enactment of this Act.”

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 10483 Ex. Ord. No. 10483, eff. Sept. 3, 1953, 18 F.R. 5379, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10598, eff. Feb. 28, 1955, 20 F.R. 1237, which provided for an Operations Coordinating Board, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 10700, eff. Feb. 25, 1957.

EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 10700 Ex. Ord. No. 10700, eff. Feb. 25, 1957, 22 F.R. 1111, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10773, eff. July 3, 1958, 23 F.R. 5061; Ex. Ord. No. 10782, eff. Sept. 8, 1958, 23 F.R. 6971; Ex. Ord. No. 10838, eff. Sept. 17, 1959, 24 F.R. 7519, which provided for the Operations Coordinating Board, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 10920, eff. Feb. 20, 1961, 26 F.R. 1463.

48 APPENDIX II

EXECUTIVE SECRETARIES, NSC

Sidney W. Souers 1947–1950 James S. Lay Jr. 1950–1961 Marion W. Boggs (Acting) 1961–1962 Bromley K. Smith 1961–1969 Richard B. Moose 1969–1970 William Watts 1970–1971 Jeanne W. Davis 1971–1977 Michael Hornblow 1977 Christine Dodson 1977–1981 Robert Kimmitt 1984–1986 William F. Martin 1986 Rodney B. McDaniel 1986–1987 Grant S. Green Jr. 1987–1988 Paul Schott Stevens 1989 G. Philip Hughes 1989–1991 William Sittmann 1991–1993 William H. Itoh 1993–1995 Andrew D. Sens 1995–1997 Glyn T. Davies 1997–2000 Robert A. Bradtke 2000–2001 Stephen E. Biegun 2001–2003 Gregory L. Schulte 2003–present

SPECIAL ASSISTANTS TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS

Robert Cutler 1953–1955 Dillon Anderson 1955–1956 William A. Jackson (Acting) 1956 Robert Cutler 1957–1958 Gordon Gray 1958–1961 McGeorge Bundy 1961–1966 Walt W. Rostow 1966–1969

ASSISTANTS TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS

Henry A. Kissinger 1969–1975 Brent Scowcroft 1975–1977

49 Zbigniew Brzezinski 1977–1981 Richard V. Allen 1981–1982 William P. Clark 1982–1983 Robert C. McFarlane 1983–1985 John M. Poindexter 1985–1986 Frank Carlucci 1987 Colin Powell 1987–1989 Brent Scowcroft 1989–1993 Anthony Lake 1993–1997 Samuel R. Berger 1997–2001 Condoleezza Rice 2001–2005 Stephen Hadley 2005–present

Updated by the National Security Council through July 2005.

50 APPENDIX III

SECURITY CLASSIFICATIONS The following security classifications are noted, when available, for each document in this micropublication with the exception of the National Security Council Actions. Also noted in the Reel Index, when available, is the date on which each classified document was declassified. This information is found in brackets at the end of each entry. When certain information in a document is still being withheld, the entry will read “declassified in part” with the date of the partial declassification.

C Confidential C/LD Confidential/Limited Distribution LOU Limited Official Use OUO Official Use Only R Restricted S Secret S/Exdis Secret/Exclusive Distribution S/Exdis/XGDS Secret/Exclusive Distribution/Exempt from General Declassification Schedule S/FRD Secret/Formerly Restricted S/GDS Secret/General Declassification Schedule S/LD Secret/Limited Distribution S/ND Secret/No Distribution S/NODIS/XGDS Secret/No Distribution/Exempt from General Declassification Schedule S/NOFORN Secret/No Distribution to Foreign Countries S/S Secret/Sensitive S/S/GDS Secret/Sensitive/General Declassification Schedule S/S/XGDS Secret/Sensitive/Exempt from General Declassification Schedule S/XGDS Secret/Exempt from General Declassification Schedule TS Top Secret TS/CD Top Secret/Controlled Dissemination TS/CD/LD Top Secret/Controlled Dissemination/Limited Distribution TS/FRD Top Secret/Formerly Restricted TS/ND Top Secret/No Distribution TS/NODIS Top Secret/No Distribution TS/NOFORN Top Secret/ No Distribution to Foreign Countries TS/RD Top Secret/Restricted Data TS/S Top Secret/Sensitive TS/SND Top Secret/Sensitive No Distribution TS/XGDS Top Secret/Exempt from General Declassification Schedule