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1947–1977 First Supplement–Ninth Supplement

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1947–1977 First Supplement–Ninth Supplement A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of DOCUMENTS OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL Ninth Supplement A UPA Collection from DOCUMENTS OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL Documents of the National Security Council, 1947–1977 First Supplement–Ninth Supplement Index to Documents of the National Security Council Minutes of Meetings of the National Security Council, with Special Advisory Reports Minutes of Meetings of the National Security Council: First Supplement–Fourth Supplement UPA Collections from LexisNexis® www.lexisnexis.com/academic DOCUMENTS OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL Ninth Supplement Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester Guide compiled by Dan Elasky A UPA Collection from 7500 Old Georgetown Road • Bethesda, MD 20814-6126 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Documents of the National Security Council. Ninth supplement [microform] / project coordinator, Robert E. Lester. microfilm reels ; 35 mm. Accompanied by a printed guide compiled by Dan Elasky. ISBN 0-88692-676-9 1. National Security Council (U.S.)—Archives. 2. National Security—United States—History—Sources. 3. United States—Foreign relations—20th century— Sources. 4. United States—Military policy—Sources. I. Lester, Robert. II. Elasky, Dan. III. National Security Council (U.S.) IV. University Publications of America (Firm) UA23.15 355'.033073—dc22 2006045219 CIP Copyright © 2006 LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-88692-676-9. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Scope and Content Note ...................................................................................... v Source Note ........................................................................................................... ix Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ xi Reel Index Reel 1 National Security Council Intelligence Directive (NSCID) .............................. 1 National Security Action Memoranda (NSAM)................................................ 1 National Security Study Memoranda (NSSM) ................................................ 2 National Security Decision Memoranda (NSDM) ........................................... 3 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files Under Secretaries Decision Memorandums (U/DM) .................................. 4 Reels 2–6 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Decision Memorandums (U/DM) cont. ......................... 5 Reel 7 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Decision Memorandums (U/DM) cont. ......................... 11 Under Secretaries Study Memorandums (U/SM) ....................................... 11 Reels 8–11 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Study Memorandums (U/SM) cont. .............................. 12 Reel 12 Under Secretaries Committee Memorandum Files cont. Under Secretaries Study Memorandums (U/SM) cont. .............................. 18 Presidential Review Memoranda (PRM)......................................................... 19 Presidential Directives (PD)............................................................................ 19 National Security Study Directives (NSSD) ................................................... 20 National Security Decision Directives (NSDD) .............................................. 21 National Security Planning Group ................................................................... 25 Presidential Decision Directives ..................................................................... 25 Principal Correspondents Index ......................................................................... 27 Subject Index......................................................................................................... 33 Appendix I National Security Act of 1947.......................................................................... 45 Appendix II National Security Officials 1947–present........................................................ 49 Appendix III Security Classifications .................................................................................. 51 iii SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE Documents of the National Security Council, Ninth Supplement brings together a large number of documents issued by the National Security Council (NSC). The documents cover a broad range of issues during the years 1947 through 1994 in the areas of national defense and security, nuclear weapons and testing, arms control, general foreign relations, foreign aid, trade relations, and international cooperation. According to the official White House Web site (www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/), “[t]he NSC is the President’s principal forum for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials. Since its inception under President Truman, the function of the Council has been to advise and assist the President on national security and foreign policies. The Council also serves as the President’s principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies.” The excellent “History of the National Security Council, 1947–1997,” written by the Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State, August 1997, can be found at www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/history. Different administrations had different names for their NSC documents, but some of the more prominent were National Security Council Intelligence Directives (Truman and Eisenhower), National Security Action Memorandums (Kennedy and Johnson), National Security Study Memorandums and National Security Decision Memorandums (Nixon and Ford), and National Security Decision Directives (Reagan). The material in this collection is arranged in sections containing documents of each designation. A typical set of documents included a directive from the president, often through his national security adviser, that ordered the NSC staff or its Under Secretaries Committee (USC) to consider an issue, conduct appropriate studies (through meetings and working subgroups), and come to agreement on and submit a set of recommendations to the president. The NSC staff or USC would do this, and the president would then review the studies and recommendations and issue his decisions in a document called an Action Memorandum, Decision Directive, or Decision Memorandum. The collection includes documents written or signed by many important officials, including presidents, national security advisers, other NSC officers, federal department secretaries and under secretaries, and independent agency heads. The list includes William J. Clinton, Jeanne W. Davis, Peter M. Flanigan, James Forrestal, Alexander M. Haig, Arthur A. Hartman, Richard Helms, Walter J. Hickel, John H. Holdridge, Robert S. Ingersoll, John N. Irwin II, Lyndon Baines Johnson, U. Alexis Johnson, John F. Kennedy, Henry A. Kissinger, Melvin R. Laird, Richard M. Nixon, David Packard, Peter G. Peterson, John M. Poindexter, Herman Pollack, William J. Porter, Colin L. Powell, Ronald Reagan, Elliott L. Richardson, William P. Rogers, Kenneth Rush, Dean Rusk, Nathaniel Samuels, Harold H. Saunders, Brent Scowcroft, George P. Shultz, Joseph J. Sisco, Helmut Sonnenfeldt, Llewellyn E. Thompson, Russell E. Train, Viron P. Vaky, and Ron Ziegler. The following sections describe the major topics covered in this collection. v General Foreign Relations Presidents from Harry S. Truman to Ronald Reagan charged the NSC with formulating consistent, credible U.S. policies toward various countries and world regions, especially areas that were facing serious problems or with which the United States was experiencing difficult relations. These places included, at different times, South America, Central America, Indochina, Portugal, Greece, the Philippines, South Korea, southern Africa, the Horn of Africa, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Mexico, Israel, the Middle East, Oceania, China, and the USSR. Collection documents show the USC members engaging in debates over which direction U.S. policy should take. In general, the State Department and NSC staffers advocated policies that they felt would further U.S. political interests, while the Defense Department argued for positions that would enhance U.S. security at home and defense posture abroad, and the under secretaries of other departments like Commerce and Treasury tended to support policies that furthered U.S. economic and financial interests. The USC—composed of under secretaries of the various federal departments, plus top officials from the major independent agencies and the military—became heavily involved in deciding whether, and to what extent, the United States should engage in international cooperation, especially in the areas of science, technology, and environment. Specific topics included the cooperative or competitive development of both the Arctic region and Antarctica, ocean mineral resources development, pollution control, weather modification, disaster relief, hurricane abatement, and medical research. The aspect of cooperation that received the most substantial NSC attention was international collaboration in space; most significantly, between the United States and the USSR but also involving other countries like Japan. President Nixon remarked: “Just as space exploration has benefited from competition between the United States and the Soviet Union, it could also benefit from cooperation. It could help to raise the level of confidence between the Soviets and ourselves and promote a greater sense of world
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