Methoden Zur Untersuchung Und Dokumentation Der Geigen Am Museum Für Musikinstrumente Der Universität Leipzig

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Methoden Zur Untersuchung Und Dokumentation Der Geigen Am Museum Für Musikinstrumente Der Universität Leipzig Methoden zur Untersuchung und Dokumentation der Geigen am Museum für Musikinstrumente der Universität Leipzig Von der Fakultät für Geschichte, Kunst- und Orientwissenschaften der Universität Leipzig angenommene D I S S E R T A T I O N zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades DOCTOR PHILOSOPHIAE (Dr. phil.) vorgelegt von Veit Heller geboren am 25.07.1968 in Leipzig Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Helmut Loos, Prof. Dr. Eszter Fontana Tag der Verteidigung: 24.11.2017 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis EINFÜHRUNG ...................................................................................................................................... 9 1 GESCHICHTLICHER HINTERGRUND UND AUSGANGSLAGE ....................................... 15 Methoden und Dokumentationen in der Geschichte der Sammlung des heutigen Museums für Musikinstrumente der Universität Leipzig ...................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Dokumentation durch Paul de Wit: Kataloge und Geigenzettel-Publikationen ....................................... 15 1.1.1 Paul de Wit und die Leipziger Musikinstrumentensammlung ............................................................... 15 1.1.2 Paul de Wits Bildband von 1892 und die Kataloge von 1893, 1893–1896 (Nachträge) und 1904 ....... 17 1.1.2.1 Der Bildband .................................................................................................................................. 17 1.1.2.2 Die Kataloge .................................................................................................................................... 20 1.1.2.2.1 Beschreibung der Einzelinstrumente ........................................................................................... 27 1.1.2.2.2 Maßangaben ................................................................................................................................ 27 1.1.2.2.3 Abbildungen................................................................................................................................ 28 1.1.3 Bezüge zwischen Paul de Wits Geigenzettel alter Meister und seiner Sammlung................................ 29 1.2 Dokumentation durch Georg Kinsky: Der Katalog von 1912 .................................................................... 35 1.2.1 Wilhelm Heyer und das Musikhistorische Museum in Köln .................................................................. 35 1.2.2 Bestand an Streichinstrumenten im Museum Wilhelm Heyers ............................................................. 36 1.2.3 Die Beschreibung der Streichinstrumente durch Georg Kinsky im Katalog von 1912 ........................... 42 1.2.3.1 Julius Rühlmanns Geschichte der Bogeninstrumente als Quelle für Georg Kinsky ......................... 42 1.2.3.2 Gedanke der Höherentwicklung ..................................................................................................... 43 1.2.3.3 Aussagen zum Klang ....................................................................................................................... 44 1.2.3.4 Beschreibungsschema der Streichinstrumente .............................................................................. 50 1.2.3.5 Angabe der Orientierung ................................................................................................................ 57 1.2.3.6 Allgemeine Bewertung ................................................................................................................... 57 1.2.3.7 Lack ................................................................................................................................................. 59 1.2.3.8 Schalllöcher .................................................................................................................................... 61 1.2.3.9 Angaben über den Zustand und erfolgte Veränderungen .............................................................. 62 1.2.3.10 Wölbung ....................................................................................................................................... 63 1.2.3.11 Material ........................................................................................................................................ 64 1.2.3.12 Korpus ........................................................................................................................................... 65 1.2.3.13 Typisierende Vergleiche ............................................................................................................... 66 1.2.3.14 Wirbelkasten ................................................................................................................................ 66 1.2.3.15 Abbildungen ................................................................................................................................. 67 1.2.3.16 Abbildungen von Geigenzetteln ................................................................................................... 67 1.2.3.17 Angabe von Maßen ...................................................................................................................... 69 1.2.3.18 Angaben zu Vorbesitzern .............................................................................................................. 75 1.2.4 Einfluss des Katalogs von Georg Kinsky auf Curt Sachs und Weiterführung der Systematik ................. 81 3 1.3 Sammlungsentwicklung und inventarisierende Sammlungsdokumentation von 1945 bis 1995 .............. 87 1.3.1 Inventar-Kartei ....................................................................................................................................... 87 1.3.2 Dokumentenordner ............................................................................................................................... 90 1.3.3 Sammlungsentwicklung nach 1945 im Spiegel der Erwerbsdokumente ............................................... 90 1.3.4 Die Situation um 1985 ........................................................................................................................... 96 1.3.5 Restaurierungsunterlagen ..................................................................................................................... 97 1.3.5.1 Dokumentationsweise und Inhaltsübersicht der Restaurierungsakten ......................................... 98 1.3.5.2 Zustandsdokumentation............................................................................................................... 102 1.3.5.3 Rubriken der Beschreibung und Vermaßung ............................................................................... 102 1.3.5.4 Maßangaben ................................................................................................................................. 105 1.4 Grundzüge der Methodenentwicklung ................................................................................................. 107 1.5 Exkurs: Zur Typenbildung von Merkmalen ............................................................................................ 112 2 METROLOGIE ........................................................................................................................... 115 2.1 Geschichte der Metrologie im Geigenbau und in der Instrumentenkunde ............................................ 115 2.1.1 Das Maß im Geigenbau ab 1780 – Vorbilder, Empfehlungen, Normen ............................................... 115 2.1.1.1 Überblick zur Bagatella-Rezeption ............................................................................................... 118 2.1.1.2 Aus Empfehlungen werden Normen ........................................................................................... 121 2.1.1.3 Normmaße der modernen Geige ................................................................................................. 123 2.1.1.4 Metrologie als schöpferische Methode im Geigenbau ................................................................ 126 2.1.3 Metrologie in der Instrumentenkunde ................................................................................................ 128 2.1.2.1 Inventarergänzende und systematisierende Maße ...................................................................... 131 2.1.2.2 Messen für die Maßanalyse.......................................................................................................... 132 2.1.2.3 Vermessen von stil- und klangrelevanten Merkmalen ................................................................. 133 2.1.3 Messtoleranzen und Fehlerquellen bei traditionellen Messtechniken ............................................... 134 2.1.3.1 Vergleich von Maßstäben und Maßbändern ................................................................................ 134 2.1.3.2 Messen „direkt“ oder „über die Wölbung“ – Verschiedene Methoden, verschiedene Ergebnisse .................................................................................................................................................................... 135 2.1.3.3 Messung über die Wölbung – Werteabweichungen gegenüber der direkten Messung .............. 137 2.1.3.4 Weitere Messfehler ...................................................................................................................... 140 2.1.3.5 Bewertung der Messmethoden „über die Wölbung“ und „direkt“ und Konsequenzen für die Auswertung ...............................................................................................................................................
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