La Vera Storia Del Falso Buffalo Bill Nel Cusio Di Archivio Iconografico Del Verbano Cusio Ossola

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La Vera Storia Del Falso Buffalo Bill Nel Cusio Di Archivio Iconografico Del Verbano Cusio Ossola La vera storia del falso Buffalo Bill nel Cusio di Archivio Iconografico del Verbano Cusio Ossola "E' uno dei pochi misteri della mia vita che non sono riuscito a svelare". Così ha commentato Celeste Bardazzi, presidente del Circolo Filatelico Omegnese, quando gli abbiamo chiesto di quella misteriosa cartolina: un invito allo spettacolo del Buffalo Bill Wild West presso il Teatro Sociale di Omegna, organizzato dall'Unione Sportiva Omegnese. Data, il 20 Febbraio, sabato grasso. L'anno non si sa, non è scritto. La cartolina, che è autentica, è stata pubblicata in un libretto su Omegna com'era. Da qui è partita la nostra lunga e laboriosa indagine, che aveva come oggetto una domanda: è dunque possibile che William Frederick Cody, noto come Buffalo Bill, soldato dell'esercito americano nella guerra di secessione, famoso cacciatore di 4000 bisonti, attore e impresario del West Wild Show, abbia scelto proprio Omegna come tappa del suo spettacolo? All'inizio del secolo scorso era una una ridente cittadina a vocazione industriale, che contava 4923 abitanti. La strada percorsa ci ha portato lontano dal Cusio, fino in Canada, attraverso l'America e l'Inghilterra, ma abbiamo deciso di pubblicarla ugualmente perché la storia ci è piaciuta. Alessandra Magrin, studiosa presso l'Università scozzese di Strathclyde a Glasgow, che si occupa delle turnée e dell'attività di Buffalo Bill in Italia, ha fornito una preziosa indicazione. La sua opinione è che si tratterebbe di un altro Cody. Infatti il "vero" Buffalo Bill il 20 Febbraio 1906 era in viaggio verso Marsiglia, dove sarebbe sbarcato il 4 Marzo, quindi non poteva certo essere ad Omegna! Dalla Francia avrebbe portato il suo show nel Vecchio Continente fino a Settembre, con venticinque tappe in Italia. In Piemonte si fermò a Torino, Alessandria, Asti e Novara. L'ultimo spettacolo europeo si tenne a Ghent, in Belgio, il 21 Settembre. Quell'invito non è riferibile nemmeno al 1890, l'unico altro anno in cui Buffalo Bill visitò l'Italia, perché quel 20 Febbraio si trovava a Roma. John Rumm, curatore di Storia del West Americano al Buffalo Bill Historical Center di Cody in Wyoming, che possiede una route list completa delle città visitate in Italia dal Wild West Show, ha confermato che Omegna manca all'appello, sia nel 1890 che nel 1906. L'iconografia utilizzata solitamente dal "vero" Buffalo Bill in occasione delle rappresentazioni italiane era sempre uguale. La cartolina omegnese è molto diversa. L'ipotesi della Magrin e di Rumm è che ad Omegna ci fu sì lo spettacolo, ma che ad esibirsi non fu il vero Buffalo Bill bensì un'imitatore, il cosidetto "falso Buffalo Bill", ovvero un certo Samuel Franklin Cody, attore e aviatore americano. Dopo un'attenta verifica sui calendari, abbiamo scoperto che il Sabato 20 Febbraio, il giorno in cui il fantomatico Buffalo Bill si esibì ad Omegna, cadde soltanto negli anni 1892, 1897, 1904 e 1909. Jean Roberts è una piacevole signora inglese, che, dopo aver acquistato la casa in cui aveva vissuto Samuel Franklin Cody, ne è diventata un'esperta biografa. Secondo i documenti in suo possesso, Cody visitò l'Italia dal 1894 al 1896. Nel 1894 Cody avrebbe sfidato il velocista Romolo Buni al Parco Trotter di Milano. Nel 1904 era occupato a fare dimostrazioni con i suoi aquiloni all'Alexandra Palace di Londra e lavorava per l'esercito ad Aldershot, mentre nel 1909 volava a Farnborough. Quindi gli unici anni possibili per lo spettacolo di Omegna potrebbero essere il 1897 o il 1904. Nel 1897 Cody sarebbe rimasto in Italia almeno fino al 20 Febbraio per partire subito dopo per la Francia. Infatti il 28 Febbraio del 1897 lo troviamo al a Tolouse con uno spettacolo al Vélodrome du Bazacle. Il 1904 è l'anno meno probabile, ma è anche vero che il Teatro Sociale di Omegna fu inaugurato solo nel 1902. Ma chi era Samuel Franklin Cowdery? La sua biografia è di difficile ricostruzione. Ogni volta ne dava una versione diversa, per rendere la sua origine più mitica. Nato con il nome di Samuel Franklin Cowdery a Davenport, in Iowa, il 6 Marzo 1867, discendente dei primi pellegrini giunti in America, Cody raccontava che il padre era stato un eroe nella guerra contro il Messico. Diceva che la sua famiglia era stata sterminata dai Sioux e lui solo era sopravvissuto. In realtà Samuel era uno dei cinque figli di un veterano riformato per malattia che aveva abbandonato moglie e prole nel 1875. Il giovane Cowdery, dopo un precoce apprendistato come cowboy in Iowa e sul mitico Chisholm Trail, dove aveva imparato a cavalcare stalloni, era arrivato come cercatore fino a Dawson City, in Canada, capitale della famosa corsa all'oro del Klondyke. A 21 anni, nell'Aprile del 1888, iniziò a lavorare nel circo di Adam John Forepaugh, che per primo dedicò una parte dello show al Wild West. Cowdery, sfruttando la sua strabiliante somiglianza con l'originale, si era fatto passare per Buffalo Bill Junior, cioè il fratello minore del vero Buffalo Bill. Infatti il suo soprannome era "Captain Cody, re dei cowboys". L'aspetto era indimenticabile: capelli lunghi, pizzetto e baffi, cappello, abiti da cowboy, giacca di pelle e stivali a punta. In quello stesso anno, durante uno show a Norristown, in Pennsylvania, aveva incontrato una graziosa ragazza bruna, Maud Maria Lee ed era stato amore a prima vista. L'anno dopo si sposarono. Lei aveva soltanto 17 anni. Da quel momento si persero le tracce di Cowdery e subentrò "Cody Jnr"; sul certificato di matrimonio la professione era quella di "tiratore di precisione con fucile e pistola e cowboy". Maud lo seguì nel suo spettacolo e insieme girarono l'America. In un articolo di giornale furono definiti "i più grandi tiratori viventi di revolver". Nel giugno del 1890 si imbarcarono per l'Inghilterra, forse per evitare procedimenti legali da parte del vero Cody. Assieme alla sposa, che iniziò a utilizzare il soprannome Lillian Cody, girò l'isola con uno spettacolo con il fucile. Nel 1890 si spostò in terraferma.Il matrimonio non dev'essere stato un idillio, tanto che Maud tornò in patria triste e sola, abbandonò la carriera di tiratrice per delle ferite riportate durante uno spettacolo, e si assicurò una dipendenza da morfina e i prodromi della schizofrenia. Disse alla sua famiglia che il marito aveva incontrato una donna inglese. Trascorse i suoi successivi 41 anni come ospite dell'ospedale psichiatrico di Norristown in Pennsylvania e ricevette in tutta la sua vita una sola lettera dal marito. Si fece viva con gli eredi nel 1912, alla morte di Samuel, per rivendicare parte dell'eredità. A due mesi dal'arrivo, Maud fu effettivamente sostuita dalla minuta Mrs Elizabeth Mary King Davis, nota successivamente come Lela Marie Cody. La Davis era figlia di un'importante commerciante di cavalli che lavorava per la Regina. Di quindici anni più anziana di Cody, Lela King non portò soltanto con sé coraggio e esperienza come amazzone, ma anche tre bambini, i due maschi Edward e Leon e una femmina, Vivian. I piccoli, a cui Cody insegnò i trucchi del mestiere, si affezionarono subito al nuovo compagno della madre e lo seguirono sul palcoscenico, adottando il cognome Cody. Si esibirono in spettacoli teatrali nei music-hall con numeri a cavallo, tiro con il fucile e acrobazie con il lazo. Il loro spettacolo che si chiamava Captain Cody and Miss Cody: Buffalo Bill's Son and Daughter. Nel giugno del 1891 si fece vivo l'autentico Buffalo Bill con la sua Wild West Company, è portò l'agente di S.F. Cody in tribunale, ottenendo la diffida ad usare termini come "figlio di Buffalo Bill" e "Wild West Show". La fedeltà e la fiducia di Lela non sfumarono in 22 anni di vita insieme, e furono tali che lei si prestò spesso a fare da bersaglio per Cody. Circondata da 20 sfere di cristallo, Lela stava stoicamente immobile mentre lui le faceva saltare una dopo l’altra. Indossava sempre un abito rosso, in modo che, in caso di errore, il sangue fosse invisibile. Cody non ammise mai di aver usato cartucce alleggerite, che non fossero davvero letali o che non rimbalzassero. Il nuovo show intitolato SF Cody and Family, Champion Shooters of America debuttò a Londra nel 1892. Lela e i suoi figli, accompagnarono, nel 1893, Cody nel tour europeo, dove si specializzarono in numeri arditi, come quello in cui Samuel sparava da cavallo alla sigaretta che Lela stava fumando o mirava alle mele sulla testa dei bambini. Una volta, quando la colpì per errore sulla coscia, a lei non restò che stringere i denti e aspettare la fine dello spettacolo. Per farsi pubblicità Cody cavalcava nelle strade del paese di turno, in costume da cowboy su un cavallo mustang, a capo della sua piccola troupe. In quel periodo Cody sfruttò la nascente passione per i velocipedi, nuovo mezzo di locomozione, organizzando una serie di gare contro famosi ciclisti e contemporaneamente si dedicò alla scrittura di commedie e melodrammi. Lo spettacolo da questo momento era incentrato su Cody e il campione di bicicletta del luogo. Girarono l'Europa per anni e nella maggior parte dei casi Cody veniva scambiato per Buffalo Bill. Nel 1894, a Milano, sfidò il più grande velocista dell'epoca, il ciclista Romolo Buni, classe 1871, prestinée di Porta Ludovica e velocissimo ciclista. Buni era soprannominato "il piccolo diavolo nero", le petit diable noir, come l'avevano ribattezzato in Francia, per via del fisico minuto e di un maglione nero che usava indossare in gara. La corsa si svolse al vecchio Parco Trotter di via Andrea Doria, dove oggi c'è la Stazione Centrale.
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