DOCSLIB.ORG

Chemotaxonomy of Geraniaceae^

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

CHEMOTAXONOMY OF GERANIACEAE^ T. SANT PRASAD REDDY AND L. L. NARAYANA Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal a b s t r a c t The Chemotaxonomy of 10 ^ecies di»tributed in 3 genera of Geraniaceae has been investi­ gated. They exhibit similarities as well aa differences in their chemical characters. Leuco-antho- cyanins are present in the seeds ofall the spodes studied, except Erodium maiacoidet. The presence of triterpenoids in ErotHum matacaidti. Geranium dunctum and G. earolimanum and steroids in G. molU has been inferred. These are however absent in the re.naining taxa. The relatio.Dhips of Geraniaceae with Oxalidaceae, Balsaminaceae, Tropaeolaceae and Linmanthaceae have been discussed in the light of chemical data gathered from present study and the available data from other disciplines. It is pointed out that while the similarides in chemical characters indicate a probable relationship between them, the differences justify their treatment as independent families. INTRODUCTION ha^ been placed under the order Gora- niales. There is however, difference of Geraniaceae comprises 5 genera and opiniort about the circumscription of the 750 species (Willis, 1966). The members order, the number of families included of the family are cosmopolitan in dis­ under it being fieven according to Ben- tribution, mostly extending from Tem­ tliam and Hooker C1862-1883), twenty perate to sub-tropical regions of the World according to Engler and Pranti (1931), (L. H. Bailey, 1969). Most of the species twenty one according to Bessey (1915), are cultivated for their ornamental value. nineteen according to Takhtajan (1967), However, some of them are medicinally ten %pcording to Benson (1957), thirteen important (Chopra, Nayar and Chopra, according to Thom e (1968) and five 1956). according to Hutchinson (1959, 1973) Bentham and Hooker (1862-1883) and Cronquist (1968), treated Geraniaceae as a tribe, Geraniae While the family has received con­ under the family Geraniaceae, while Bes- siderable attention from the point of sey (1915), Engler and Pranti (1931), floral anatomy, embryology, anatomy an4gM Benson (1915), Hutchinson (1959), Thakh- palynology, it has not received much tajan (1967), Cronquist (1968) and Thome attention from the point of Chemotaxo­ (1968) accorded it the status of an in­ nomy. Gibbs (1974) reviewed the work dependent family, Gcraniaceae. In all on the Chemotaxonomy of Geraniaceae. the systems of classijficatbn the family Recently Bate-Smith (1973) worked on 1. AccQited for publication on November 4, 19B5. F&st author (X. S. P. S..) is grateful to Univetiity Grants Commission, New Delhi for the award of teacher feilowihip under Faculty Itnprovemsnt Programme. We e x p tm our deq|) seme of gratitude to the Director, Univetyity Botanic Gatdea, Denmark for ptovid- ing tbe «eedi of the difiismat i^eoiek the flavonoids of Geranium and discussed Hydroxyquinones, Tannin test and Alka­ the taxonomic implications of the distri­ loid test. bution of the substances. The present The Cigarette test was negative in all study deals with the Chemotaxonomy of the taxa except Geranium dissectum, Ero- Germittm colitmbimm L., G. dissecUm L., dium malacoides and Pelargonium inodorum G. molle L., G. pusillum Burm fil., G. pyre- which showed Oxalis reaction indicating naicum Burm fil., G. caroliniamm L., G. the acidic nature of the cell-sap. Oxalis rotuHaifolivm L., Erodiim cicutarium (L.) reaction was first reported by Dykyj- L’ He’ rit., E . malacoides (L.) WiUd., Sajfertova (1958) in the species of OxaUs. Pelargonium inodorum Willd. Stems, roots and leaves were tested separately to detect the presence or ab­ MATERIALS AND METHODS sence of leuco-anthocyanins. The diffe­ All the materials in the present study rent species differ in the site of localiza­ were collected from the plants raised tion of leuco-anthocyanins (present study). from seeds obtained from Denmark. They arc present in the stem and roots of Using fresh materials, consisting of Geranium carolianum, G. dissectum, G.pusillum, roots, stems, leaves and flowers saponin G. rotundifolium, Erodium malacoides and test ‘A’, Syringin test ‘A’, Leuco-antho- Pelargonium inodorum and absent in Erodium cyanin test ‘A’, Juglone test ‘A’, Aurone cicutarium. Leuco-anthocyanins are present test ‘A’, Ehrlich test, HCN test, HCl/ in traces only in the leaves of Geranium Methanol test, Maule test, Cigarette test, rotundifolium and absent in all the remain­ Hot-Water test and the test for hydroxy- ing taxa (present study). However they are quinones were carried out. present in the seeds of all the species Using 80% methanolic extracts of under study with the exception of Erodium shade dried plants collected during malacoides. flowering and fruiting the tests for Sapo- According to Bate-Smith & Ribe- nins. Tannins, Phenols, Carbohydrates reau-Gayon (1959) the presence or absence (Molisch test), Flavonoids (Shinoda test). of leuco-anthocyanins in the testa reflects Alkaloids, Indoles (Ehrlich test), Lignans, more consis entiy the character and rela­ Leuco-anthocyanins, Triterpenoids (Nol- tionships of the family as a whole than ler’s testj. Steroids (Salkowski reaction) does their presence in the leaves. The and Labat test were carried out. presence of leuco-antliocyanins in leaves i.s influenced by herbaceous habit in the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION plant, while the seed coat is not so in­ The data gathered from the present fluenced or only to a lesser extent. When study are presented in the Tables I, II leuco-anthocyanins are present in the and III. leaves of a plant, they are almost always From the tables, it will be obvious present in the seeds also, but they may be that the different taxa of Geraniaceae present in the seeds, although absent from under the present study resemble one the leaves. Thus herbaceous members of another in the uniformly positive reaction Geraniaceae differ so far as the leaves are for Flavonoid test, Phenol test and Mo-,, concerned from the woody membcs of lisch test and uniformly negative reaction the Geraniales in having no leuco-antho­ for Hot-Water test, HCN test, Syringin cyanins, but the seeds are consistently test‘A , Juglone test, Maule test, Aurone positive foi leucc -anthocyanins. test ‘A , Sapamn test ‘A’, E,hrlich test, Bate-Snuth and Lemer (1954) poin- T A B L E I Tsm vnrR nssR m aterials 1 Auniae tert *A'. 2 Cigwrctte tot, 3 Ehrlich tot, 4 HCl/Methanol tot, 5 HCN tot, 6 Hot-Water tot, 7 Hydroxyquinone test, 8 Juglone teat; 9 Leucoanthocyanin test'A ’, 10 Maule test, 11 Saponin test, 12 Syringin tot. Name oftbe plant 12345678 9 10 11 12 ErtMum cieutarium (L) , O.R — St— — O.R — — Lf~ — — •— L’ H e 'rit. R t— St— Rt— EroJivn malocoitUs . O.R. — St+ — O.R — — Lf— — ? — (L) WiUd, R ti- St + R t+ Gtntmm caiolimamm . — — St— — — — — IX— — — — L. Rt+ St+(traa») R t+ (trao o ) Gmamtm caluman L, OenniunKiifsictim L. O.R — St-f- — — — — LI'— R t+ S t+ Rt +■ G trm iim molU L. Geramwn pusillum . — — St+ — — — — Lf— — — — Burm. fil. R + S t+ R t+ Geramum pyttnaieum Burm. fil. , — — — — — — — — — — — Gtraniam rotimdifolutm . — — S t+ — — ^ — — Lf-t- — — — L. Rti- St+ R t+ Pilargpnitm inaiorum . O.R — St-f — — — — U— — ? — wad. R tl- S t+ Rt-i- O.R>«OsalU reaction; Lf«»Le*f; St=“ Stem ; Rt=»Root ted out that there is a tendency for the leuc»-anthocyanms in one or the other forination of ileuco-anthocyanins in tiie part of the plant body of the taxa studied more primitive taxa and absent from the (present study), their origin from a stock more advanced members of a phyletic which had ieucoanthocyanins,, can be series. Thus on this basis, Herbaceae of inferred. Hutchinson (1946, 1948) as a whole may Absence of cyanogenesis and alka- be regarded as phylogenetically advanced loids seem to characterise the family (prc- ovwr Lignosae. In view of the presence of sent study). TABLE II T e w s w it h '8 0 % m e t h a m o u o bx t * aots 1 Alkaknd tcM, 2 FUvonoid test, 3 Indoles test, 4 Labat test, 5 Leoco-anthoeyanin test, 6 liebermann' Burchard test, 7 Ugnan test, 8 Molisch test, 9 Noller’s test, 10 Phend test, 11 Salkowaki reaction, 12 Saponin test, 13 Tannins test. Name of the plant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Endkim cicutarium {L) — + __ _ _ — + + _ -1- _ _ __ V H e’rit. E ndiim nuUacoides (L) — + - - + + + + + + _ _ _ WiUd. Red Gtranium carolinianum L. — + ~ + + + — + + + — — — blue green Gtranium columbinwn L. — r — — — — t- — + _ _ _ Gemaum dismtuin L. — + _ — -t- + ~ + + + _ _ _ Gtraniunt motU L. — _ _ _ + — + _ f — Gtrmiwn ptisUlam — + — — + — 4- — — — Bunn. &1. Gtrmrnm frfwuacum — + — — ~ — — + — + — — Uurm. til. Geranium rolundifolium L.— + __ + — + — — — Pelargonium imdenm —• X — — + — — + — + — — — WiUd. TABLE III Test with T e« with Test with Type of Name of the plant Mg/HGl conc. H SO aq. N ,0 H 4 compound Eradium cicutarium (L.) L’ He’ rit. YeUow Yellow Brownish yellow Isoflavones £. malacoides (L) Willd. Rcddiih yeilow Reddish yellow YeUow Flavonol Gtranium carolimanam L. Yellow Olive groeo Yellow IsoBavones G. eolumbimim L. Pale yellow YeUow Pale yellow Isofiavooes G. dissectum L. Yellowish Yellowish YeUow Isofiavones green green G. moiWL. YeUow Ydlow YeUow Isofiavones G. pusillum Burm. fil. YeUow Reddish yellow Yellowish brown1 Flavone* YeUow YeUowiahred YeUow Flavonot Reddish Reddish ydlow Ydlow Flavonol YeUow YeUow Ydkwr Ifoflavones Negative reaction for Liebermann- positive results. Burchard test, Nollcr’s test and Salkowski Gibbs (1974) found a close correla­ reaction in Geramum columbinum, G, pusil- tion between positive HCl/Methanol test Um, G. pyrenaieuM, G. roimdifolium, Ero~ and positive reaction for leuco-anthocya- divm cimtarium and Pelargonium inodorum nins. In most of the taxa of present study, indicate that both tritercpenoids and ste­ there is a close correlation between positive roids are absent in these taxa.
Recommended publications
  • The Geranium Family, Geraniaceae, and the Mallow Family, Malvaceae

    The Geranium Family, Geraniaceae, and the Mallow Family, Malvaceae

    THE GERANIUM FAMILY, GERANIACEAE, AND THE MALLOW FAMILY, MALVACEAE TWO SOMETIMES CONFUSED FAMILIES PROMINENT IN SOME MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE AREAS The Geraniaceae is a family of herbaceous plants or small shrubs, sometimes with succulent stems • The family is noted for its often palmately veined and lobed leaves, although some also have pinnately divided leaves • The leaves all have pairs of stipules at their base • The flowers may be regular and symmetrical or somewhat irregular • The floral plan is 5 separate sepals and petals, 5 or 10 stamens, and a superior ovary • The most distinctive feature is the beak of fused styles on top of the ovary Here you see a typical geranium flower This nonnative weedy geranium shows the styles forming a beak The geranium family is also noted for its seed dispersal • The styles either actively eject the seeds from each compartment of the ovary or… • They twist and embed themselves in clothing and fur to hitch a ride • The Geraniaceae is prominent in the Mediterranean Basin and the Cape Province of South Africa • It is also found in California but few species here are drought tolerant • California does have several introduced weedy members Here you see a geranium flinging the seeds from sections of the ovary when the styles curl up Three genera typify the Geraniaceae: Erodium, Geranium, and Pelargonium • Erodiums (common name filaree or clocks) typically have pinnately veined, sometimes dissected leaves; many species are weeds in California • Geraniums (that is, the true geraniums) typically have palmately veined leaves and perfectly symmetrical flowers. Most are herbaceous annuals or perennials • Pelargoniums (the so-called garden geraniums or storksbills) have asymmetrical flowers and range from perennials to succulents to shrubs The weedy filaree, Erodium cicutarium, produces small pink-purple flowers in California’s spring grasslands Here are the beaked unripe fruits of filaree Many of the perennial erodiums from the Mediterranean make well-behaved ground covers for California gardens Here are the flowers of the charming E.
  • The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts

    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts

    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory,
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny

    Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny

    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
  • Environmental Weeds of Coastal Plains and Heathy Forests Bioregions of Victoria Heading in Band

    Environmental Weeds of Coastal Plains and Heathy Forests Bioregions of Victoria Heading in Band

    Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Heading in band b Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Heading in band Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Contents Introduction 1 Purpose of the list 1 Limitations 1 Relationship to statutory lists 1 Composition of the list and assessment of taxa 2 Categories of environmental weeds 5 Arrangement of the list 5 Column 1: Botanical Name 5 Column 2: Common Name 5 Column 3: Ranking Score 5 Column 4: Listed in the CALP Act 1994 5 Column 5: Victorian Alert Weed 5 Column 6: National Alert Weed 5 Column 7: Weed of National Significance 5 Statistics 5 Further information & feedback 6 Your involvement 6 Links 6 Weed identification texts 6 Citation 6 Acknowledgments 6 Bibliography 6 Census reference 6 Appendix 1 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed alphabetically within risk categories. 7 Appendix 2 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed by botanical name. 19 Appendix 3 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed by common name. 31 Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria i Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, March2008 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2009 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968.
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park

    Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park

    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks.
  • Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plant List

    Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plant List

    UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plants Below is the most recently updated plant list for UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve. * non-native taxon ? presence in question Listed Species Information: CNPS Listed - as designated by the California Rare Plant Ranks (formerly known as CNPS Lists). More information at http://www.cnps.org/cnps/rareplants/ranking.php Cal IPC Listed - an inventory that categorizes exotic and invasive plants as High, Moderate, or Limited, reflecting the level of each species' negative ecological impact in California. More information at http://www.cal-ipc.org More information about Federal and State threatened and endangered species listings can be found at https://www.fws.gov/endangered/ (US) and http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/ t_e_spp/ (CA). FAMILY NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LISTED Ferns AZOLLACEAE - Mosquito Fern American water fern, mosquito fern, Family Azolla filiculoides ? Mosquito fern, Pacific mosquitofern DENNSTAEDTIACEAE - Bracken Hairy brackenfern, Western bracken Family Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens fern DRYOPTERIDACEAE - Shield or California wood fern, Coastal wood wood fern family Dryopteris arguta fern, Shield fern Common horsetail rush, Common horsetail, field horsetail, Field EQUISETACEAE - Horsetail Family Equisetum arvense horsetail Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii Giant horse tail, Giant horsetail Pentagramma triangularis ssp. PTERIDACEAE - Brake Family triangularis Gold back fern Gymnosperms CUPRESSACEAE - Cypress Family Hesperocyparis macrocarpa Monterey cypress CNPS - 1B.2, Cal IPC
  • Phylogenetics, Character Evolution and a Subgeneric Revision of the Genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae)

    Phylogenetics, Character Evolution and a Subgeneric Revision of the Genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae)

    Phytotaxa 159 (2): 031–076 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.159.2.1 Phylogenetics, character evolution and a subgeneric revision of the genus Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) JOACHIM RÖSCHENBLECK1, FOCKE ALBERS1, KAI MÜLLER1, STEFAN WEINL2 & JÖRG KUDLA2 1 Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Evolution and Biodiversity of Plants & Botanical Garden, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Münster, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology of Plants, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Schlossplatz 4, 48149 Münster, Germany. Correspondence to: Joachim Röschenbleck Abstract Previous molecular phylogenetic studies of Pelargonium have remained inconclusive with respect to branching patterns of major infrageneric lineages, with the exception of a basalmost generic split that reflects chromosome length differences. Because of this and the lack of clearly distinguishing morphological characters, no subgeneric classification has been undertaken so far. Here, we present increased phylogenetic signal using chloroplast atpB-rbcL spacer and trnL- F sequences including additional taxa (110 taxa in total) and character sampling. All analyses confirmed the previously recognised first split into two clades characterised by chromosome size, and also converged on four major clades (two within each chromosome size group). The four major clades are further supported by synapomorphic length mutations from both intergenic spacers. The evolution of characters from flower morphology and phenolic constituents was examined for usefulness for clade delimitation. Although character state distributions did not generally reveal clear synapomorphies for the respective lineages, differences in state distributions of floral characters and leaf phenols support the circumscription of these major clades.
  • Pelargoniums an Herb Society of America Guide

    Pelargoniums an Herb Society of America Guide

    Pelargoniums An Herb Society of America Guide The Herb Society of America 9019 Kirtland Chardon Rd. Kirtland, Ohio 44094 © 2006 The Herb Society of America Pelargoniums: An Herb Society of America Guide Table of Contents Introduction …………………………………………………………….…. 3 Contributors & Acknowledgements ……………………………………… 3 Description & Taxonomy ..………………………………………………... 8 Chemistry …………………………………………………………………. 10 Nutrition …………………………………………………………………... 10 History & Folklore ………………………………………………………… 10 Literature & Art …………………………………………………………… 12 Cultivation ………………………………………………………………… 13 Pests & Diseases …………………………………………………………... 19 Pruning & Harvesting ……………………………………………………… 20 Preserving & Storing ………………………………………………………. 21 Uses ………………………………………………………………………... 21 - Culinary Uses ………………………………………………… 21 - Recipes ………………………………………………… 23 - Craft Uses ……………………………………………………. 40 - Cosmetic Uses ……………………………………………….. 41 - Recipes ……………………………………………….. 42 - Medicinal & Ethnobotanical Uses & Aromatherapy ………... 43 - Garden Uses ………………………………………………….. 47 - Other Uses …………………………………………………... 48 Species Highlights …..……………………………………………………… 49 Cultivar Examples …………………………………………………………. 57 Literature Citations & References ………………………………………... 62 HSA Library Pelargonium Resources …...………………………………… 68 © The Herb Society of America - 9019 Kirtland Chardon Rd., Kirtland, OH, 44094 - (440) 256-0514 - http://www.herbsociety.org 2 Pelargoniums: An Herb Society of America Guide Introduction Mission: The Herb Society of America is dedicated to promoting the knowledge, use and delight of
  • Flora Mediterranea 26

    Flora Mediterranea 26

    FLORA MEDITERRANEA 26 Published under the auspices of OPTIMA by the Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum Palermo – 2016 FLORA MEDITERRANEA Edited on behalf of the International Foundation pro Herbario Mediterraneo by Francesco M. Raimondo, Werner Greuter & Gianniantonio Domina Editorial board G. Domina (Palermo), F. Garbari (Pisa), W. Greuter (Berlin), S. L. Jury (Reading), G. Kamari (Patras), P. Mazzola (Palermo), S. Pignatti (Roma), F. M. Raimondo (Palermo), C. Salmeri (Palermo), B. Valdés (Sevilla), G. Venturella (Palermo). Advisory Committee P. V. Arrigoni (Firenze) P. Küpfer (Neuchatel) H. M. Burdet (Genève) J. Mathez (Montpellier) A. Carapezza (Palermo) G. Moggi (Firenze) C. D. K. Cook (Zurich) E. Nardi (Firenze) R. Courtecuisse (Lille) P. L. Nimis (Trieste) V. Demoulin (Liège) D. Phitos (Patras) F. Ehrendorfer (Wien) L. Poldini (Trieste) M. Erben (Munchen) R. M. Ros Espín (Murcia) G. Giaccone (Catania) A. Strid (Copenhagen) V. H. Heywood (Reading) B. Zimmer (Berlin) Editorial Office Editorial assistance: A. M. Mannino Editorial secretariat: V. Spadaro & P. Campisi Layout & Tecnical editing: E. Di Gristina & F. La Sorte Design: V. Magro & L. C. Raimondo Redazione di "Flora Mediterranea" Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum, Università di Palermo Via Lincoln, 2 I-90133 Palermo, Italy [email protected] Printed by Luxograph s.r.l., Piazza Bartolomeo da Messina, 2/E - Palermo Registration at Tribunale di Palermo, no. 27 of 12 July 1991 ISSN: 1120-4052 printed, 2240-4538 online DOI: 10.7320/FlMedit26.001 Copyright © by International Foundation pro Herbario Mediterraneo, Palermo Contents V. Hugonnot & L. Chavoutier: A modern record of one of the rarest European mosses, Ptychomitrium incurvum (Ptychomitriaceae), in Eastern Pyrenees, France . 5 P. Chène, M.
  • SFAN Early Detection V1.4

    SFAN Early Detection V1.4

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Early Detection of Invasive Plant Species in the San Francisco Bay Area Network A Volunteer-Based Approach Natural Resource Report NPS/SFAN/NRR—2009/136 ON THE COVER Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy employee Elizabeth Speith gathers data on an invasive Cotoneaster shrub. Photograph by: Andrea Williams, NPS. Early Detection of Invasive Plant Species in the San Francisco Bay Area Network A Volunteer-Based Approach Natural Resource Report NPS/SFAN/NRR—2009/136 Andrea Williams Marin Municipal Water District Sky Oaks Ranger Station 220 Nellen Avenue Corte Madera, CA 94925 Susan O'Neil Woodland Park Zoo 601 N 59th Seattle, WA 98103 Elizabeth Speith USGS NBII Pacific Basin Information Node Box 196 310 W Kaahumau Avenue Kahului, HI 96732 Jane Rodgers Socio-Cultural Group Lead Grand Canyon National Park PO Box 129 Grand Canyon, AZ 86023 August 2009 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.
  • Phytopharmacological Importance of Pelargonium Species

    Phytopharmacological Importance of Pelargonium Species

    Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 5(13), pp. 2587-2598, 4 July, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR ISSN 1996-0875 ©2011 Academic Journals Review Phytopharmacological importance of Pelargonium species Saraswathi J.1, Venkatesh K.1, Nirmala Baburao 2, Majid Hameed Hilal 1 and A. Roja Rani 1* 1Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500007, India. 2Department of Botany, Osmania University College for Women, Hyderabad 500095, India. Accepted 22 March, 2011 World population relies on plant-based traditional system of medicine for their primary health care. With the emerging worldwide interest in adopting and studying traditional systems, it is essential to explore the potential of plant based health care systems. A number of herbs belonging to the genus Pelargonium graveolens are noted for their medicinal benefits in traditional system of medicine. A lot of medicinally important attributes have been assigned to the plants of Pelargonium species . They are rich source of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, coumarins, tannins, phenolic acids, cinnamic acids, flavones, flavonoids and flavonols derivatives. Pelargonium -derived essential oil is used in perfumery, cosmetics, soaps, creams, aromatherapy products exhibit good antioxidant activity and has potential immune modulating effects no natural killer cells. It further relieves congestion especially for the breast tissue, improves circulation and excellent for stimulating and cleansing the lymphatic system, promotes healthy immune system, helpful for detoxification, overcoming addiction, phlebitis, hemorrhoids, fluid retention and indigestion. The important plants of this species which have been so far explored mainly include P. graveolens, P. sidoides, P. reniforme and P. radula etc . The present review aims at exploring the current scientific findings on the various species of Pelargonium .
  • Geranium Dissectum.Pdf

    Geranium Dissectum.Pdf

    Método de Evaluación Rápida de Invasividad (MERI) para especies exóticas en México Geranium dissectum L. CONABIO, 2016 Geranium dissectum L. Foto: Own work, 2008. Fuente: Wikipedia. Reportada como invasora en California, Estados Unidos (Cal-IPC, 2016). Considerada como especie comestible (Rapoport et al ., 2009) y ornamental (DiTomaso et al . 2013). Una vez establecida desplaza especies herbáceas nativas (DiTomaso et al ., 2013; Cal-IPC, 2016). Información taxonómica Reino: Plantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Clase: Magnoliopsida Orden: Geraniales Familia: Geraniaceae Género: Geranium Especie: Geranium dissectum L. Nombre común: Alfilerillo (Rapoport et al ., 2009). Resultado: 0.49140625 Categoría de riesgo : Alto 1 Método de Evaluación Rápida de Invasividad (MERI) para especies exóticas en México Geranium dissectum L. CONABIO, 2016 Descripción de la especie Hierba anual, de tallos y hojas pubescentes, estas últimas largamente pecioladas y de contorno casi orbicular pero profundamente palmatisectas, dividiéndose la lámina en varios segmentos de 1-2 mm de ancho, a su vez frecuentemente pinnatisectos; flores violáceas, con los estambres fértiles y estilos que se curvan hacia arriba a la madurez, aunque sin retorcerse; carpelos esquizocárpicos dehiscentes, lisos e hirsutos; semillas alveoladas (Rapoport et al ., 2009). Distribución original Especie nativa de Europa (Ditomaso et al., 2013). Estatus: Exótica no presente en México ¿Existen las condiciones climáticas adecuadas para que la especie se establezca en México? Sí. 1. Reporte de invasora Especie exótica invasora : Es aquella especie o población que no es nativa, que se encuentra fuera de su ámbito de distribución natural, que es capaz de sobrevivir, reproducirse y establecerse en hábitats y ecosistemas naturales y que amenaza la diversidad biológica nativa, la economía o la salud pública (LGVS).