DOCSLIB.ORG

Pelargoniums an Herb Society of America Guide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pelargoniums an Herb Society of America Guide Pelargoniums An Herb Society of America Guide The Herb Society of America 9019 Kirtland Chardon Rd. Kirtland, Ohio 44094 © 2006 The Herb Society of America Pelargoniums: An Herb Society of America Guide Table of Contents Introduction …………………………………………………………….…. 3 Contributors & Acknowledgements ……………………………………… 3 Description & Taxonomy ..………………………………………………... 8 Chemistry …………………………………………………………………. 10 Nutrition …………………………………………………………………... 10 History & Folklore ………………………………………………………… 10 Literature & Art …………………………………………………………… 12 Cultivation ………………………………………………………………… 13 Pests & Diseases …………………………………………………………... 19 Pruning & Harvesting ……………………………………………………… 20 Preserving & Storing ………………………………………………………. 21 Uses ………………………………………………………………………... 21 - Culinary Uses ………………………………………………… 21 - Recipes ………………………………………………… 23 - Craft Uses ……………………………………………………. 40 - Cosmetic Uses ……………………………………………….. 41 - Recipes ……………………………………………….. 42 - Medicinal & Ethnobotanical Uses & Aromatherapy ………... 43 - Garden Uses ………………………………………………….. 47 - Other Uses …………………………………………………... 48 Species Highlights …..……………………………………………………… 49 Cultivar Examples …………………………………………………………. 57 Literature Citations & References ………………………………………... 62 HSA Library Pelargonium Resources …...………………………………… 68 © The Herb Society of America - 9019 Kirtland Chardon Rd., Kirtland, OH, 44094 - (440) 256-0514 - http://www.herbsociety.org 2 Pelargoniums: An Herb Society of America Guide Introduction Mission: The Herb Society of America is dedicated to promoting the knowledge, use and delight of herbs through educational programs, research, and sharing the experience of its members with the community. Environmental Statement: The Society is committed to protecting our global environment for the health and well-being of humankind and all growing things. We encourage gardeners to practice environmentally sound horticulture. Purpose, Scope and Intended Audience: This guide was designed to provide an overview of the cultivation, chemistry, description, history, folklore and uses of herbal plants in the genus Pelargonium. It was written to accommodate a variety of audiences, providing basic information appropriate for beginners to herbs and herb gardening as well as supplemental information for more experienced herb enthusiasts. It can be used in conjunction with HSA’s Herb Study Groups Resource Kit or as a starting point for those interested in pursuing individual research or developing an herbal presentation/program. Disclaimer: Information is provided as an educational service. Mention of commercial products does not indicate an endorsement by The Herb Society of America. The Herb Society of America cannot advise, recommend, or prescribe herbs for medicinal use. Please consult a health care provider before pursuing any herbal treatments. Contributors & Acknowledgements Text by Michele Meyers, HSA Director of Education, except where otherwise noted © 2006 The Herb Society of America Horticultural advisor: Robin Siktberg, HSA Editor/Horticulturist Contributors The Herb Society of America would like to thank the following contributors, without whose expertise and input this guide would not have been possible: James Adams Jim Adams has been gardening and growing herbs since childhood. He earned his horticulture degree from Michigan State University. He completed numerous internships at some of the country's premier horticultural institutions before becoming the Assistant Curator of the Fern Valley Native Plant Collection at the U.S. National Arboretum. In 1997, he changed posts and became Curator of the National Herb Garden, also at the arboretum. Jim is a member of the Potomac Unit of The Herb Society of America, as well as various other horticulture-related organizations and was awarded HSA's Nancy Putnam Howard Award for Excellence in Horticulture in 2004. He is currently Horticulturist at © The Herb Society of America - 9019 Kirtland Chardon Rd., Kirtland, OH, 44094 - (440) 256-0514 - http://www.herbsociety.org 3 Pelargoniums: An Herb Society of America Guide the British Embassy in Washington, D.C. Caroline Amidon Caroline Amidon has been studying and growing pelargoniums for years, and she and Joyce Brobst maintain an HSA-registered Pelargonium collection in Pennsylvania. Caroline served as president of HSA from 1996-1998 and is a member of the Philadelphia Unit and Rosemary Circle. She received HSA’s Helen de Conway Little Medal of Honor and the Nancy Putnam Howard Award for Excellence in Horticulture. She has co-authored articles on pelargoniums in The Herbarist and Green Scene as well as the book, Pelargonium: 2006 Herb of the Year, written with Pat Crocker and Joyce Brobst. In addition to her HSA membership, Caroline is a member of the Hardy Plant Society, the International Geranium Society and the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, and has served as herb judge at the Philadelphia Flower Show. Gwen Barclay Gwen is Director of Food Services at The International Festival-Institute at Round Top, Texas. A member of both the Pioneer Unit and the South Texas Unit of HSA, she is a nationally recognized expert on herbs and herbal cuisine. Gwen and her mother, Madalene Hill, are co-authors of Southern Herb Growing, and were awarded HSA’s Gertrude B. Foster Award for Excellence in Herbal Literature in 2005. James H. Barrow, Ph.D. A biology professor and long-time gardening enthusiast, James Barrow received his Ph.D. from Yale University in 1951. His academic posts included serving as Professor and Chairman of the Biology Department at Huntingdon College in Montgomery, Alabama, and Chairman of the Biology Department at Hiram College in Ohio. In 1967, he founded the Hiram College Biological Field Station, a 126-acre site dedicated to undergraduate research, which was later renamed the Hiram College James H. Barrow Field Station. A Master Gardener, Dr. Barrow started and directed a mentor program to involve children ages 13- to 15-years old with plants and gardening. Along with his wife, HSA Past President Jamie Barrow, he helped create and maintain the Hiram Public Gardens, one of which is named in his honor. Dr. Barrow was a member of The Herb Society of America for over 10 years and maintained an HSA-registered Pelargonium collection in Cincinnati, Ohio. Susan Belsinger Susan Belsinger is a culinary educator, food writer and photographer whose articles have been published in Woman's Day, Organic Gardening, Victoria Magazine and The Herb Companion. She is the author of Not Just Desserts--Sweet Herbal Recipes, Flowers in the Kitchen, co-author, with Carolyn Dille, of The Garlic Book, Herbs in the Kitchen, and The Greens Book, and co-author of Basil: An Herb Lover's Guide with Thomas DeBaggio. Susan is a member of the Potomac Unit of The Herb Society of America and the 2006 recipient of the Joanna McQuail Reed Award for the Artistic Use of Herbs. Joyce Brobst Joyce Brobst is a longtime Pelargonium grower and enthusiast. She is a member of HSA’s Pennsylvania Heartland Unit and was president of The Herb Society of America from 1998-2000. She is also a member of the International Geranium Society, the Hardy Plant Society and the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, and serves as a horticultural judge at the Philadelphia Flower Show. Joyce holds B.S. and M.Ed. degrees in biology, an M.S. in education, and taught high school biology for 25 years. She currently teaches botany, biology and environmental science at the Reading Area Community College. © The Herb Society of America - 9019 Kirtland Chardon Rd., Kirtland, OH, 44094 - (440) 256-0514 - http://www.herbsociety.org 4 Pelargoniums: An Herb Society of America Guide Joyce has co-authored articles on pelargoniums appearing in The Herbarist and Green Scene as well as the book, Pelargonium: 2006 Herb of the Year. Joyce and fellow Pelargonium enthusiast, Caroline Amidon, maintain a collection of over 75 Pelargonium species, hybrids and cultivars. Joyce received the Helen de Conway Little Medal of Honor in 2006. Jane Cole Jane Cole started growing herbs because she was fascinated with their many scents and has been a member of HSA for 21 years. She owned and operated a herb and aromatherapy business for 12 years, has taught classes at Boerner Botanic Gardens and Green Bay Botanical Garden and has presented programs for many garden clubs and organizations. Jane helped design and plant herb gardens at Fort Howard Hospital, Hazelwood House and the Green Bay Botanical Garden. She lives in DePere, Wisconsin, and is a member of the Wisconsin Unit of The Herb Society of America. Karen England Edgehill Herb Farm in Vista, California, is the home-based business of herb enthusiast Karen England. In addition to being a member at large of The Herb Society of America, Karen is the President of the Vista Garden Club and on the board of The International Herb Association. She is a popular garden speaker and teacher of cooking with herbs and edible flowers in the San Diego, CA area, specializing in the art of cooking with lavender, roses and scented geraniums. Madalene Hill Madalene was president of The Herb Society of America from 1986-1988 and has been a member since 1957. She organized the South Texas Unit and was a charter member of the Pioneer Unit. Madalene was awarded HSA's Helen de Conway Little Medal of Honor in 1978 and the Gertrude B. Foster Award for Excellence in Herbal Literature in 2005. She is an accomplished plantswoman, and her garden at The International Festival-Institute at Round Top, Texas, attracts visitors from all over the world. She is
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pelargonium Grossularioides | Plantz Africa About:Reader?Url=
    Pelargonium grossularioides | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/pelargonium-grossularioides pza.sanbi.org Pelargonium grossularioides | Plantz Africa Introduction If you delight in tiny flowers then the gooseberry-leaved pelargonium is a plant you will enjoy! Description Description This is a very low-growing ground cover which flowers almost all year round and has stems which may grow as long as 0.5 m. The furrowed, angular stems tend to have internodes, which are generally in shades of pale to deep reddish in colour. The outline of the long-stalked leaves is rounded to kidney-shaped, with the basal leaves being larger than those towards the ends of the stems. They are incised into 3-5 lobes and vary in size from 10-40 x 10-60 mm. Leaves often have a reddish outline and older leaves are sometimes richly coloured in shades of red. The more or less hairy stems and leaves are aromatic. Flowers are small (less than 10 mm across) and vary from pale pink to a beetroot purple in colour. The occasional whitish flower is found. The compact, umbel-like flowerheads may have from 3 to 50 flowers on each one. This herb is a quick growing plant which usually only lasts about a year. 1 of 4 2016/12/15 12:19 PM Pelargonium grossularioides | Plantz Africa about:reader?url=http://pza.sanbi.org/pelargonium-grossularioides Distribution and habitat Distribution description Pelargonium grossularioides has a fairly wide distribution, occurring from the southwestern Cape, northeastward up into Mozambique , mainly along the coastal belt but also to an extent further inland.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geranium Family, Geraniaceae, and the Mallow Family, Malvaceae
    THE GERANIUM FAMILY, GERANIACEAE, AND THE MALLOW FAMILY, MALVACEAE TWO SOMETIMES CONFUSED FAMILIES PROMINENT IN SOME MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATE AREAS The Geraniaceae is a family of herbaceous plants or small shrubs, sometimes with succulent stems • The family is noted for its often palmately veined and lobed leaves, although some also have pinnately divided leaves • The leaves all have pairs of stipules at their base • The flowers may be regular and symmetrical or somewhat irregular • The floral plan is 5 separate sepals and petals, 5 or 10 stamens, and a superior ovary • The most distinctive feature is the beak of fused styles on top of the ovary Here you see a typical geranium flower This nonnative weedy geranium shows the styles forming a beak The geranium family is also noted for its seed dispersal • The styles either actively eject the seeds from each compartment of the ovary or… • They twist and embed themselves in clothing and fur to hitch a ride • The Geraniaceae is prominent in the Mediterranean Basin and the Cape Province of South Africa • It is also found in California but few species here are drought tolerant • California does have several introduced weedy members Here you see a geranium flinging the seeds from sections of the ovary when the styles curl up Three genera typify the Geraniaceae: Erodium, Geranium, and Pelargonium • Erodiums (common name filaree or clocks) typically have pinnately veined, sometimes dissected leaves; many species are weeds in California • Geraniums (that is, the true geraniums) typically have palmately veined leaves and perfectly symmetrical flowers. Most are herbaceous annuals or perennials • Pelargoniums (the so-called garden geraniums or storksbills) have asymmetrical flowers and range from perennials to succulents to shrubs The weedy filaree, Erodium cicutarium, produces small pink-purple flowers in California’s spring grasslands Here are the beaked unripe fruits of filaree Many of the perennial erodiums from the Mediterranean make well-behaved ground covers for California gardens Here are the flowers of the charming E.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory,
    [Show full text]
  • Product List Active Botanical Ingredients from Nature’S Wealth to Better Health
    PRODUCT LIST ACTIVE BOTANICAL INGREDIENTS FROM NATURE’S WEALTH TO BETTER HEALTH At Finzelberg, state-of-the-art processes meet revered tradition. Since 1875, we have served as a reliable, steadfast partner to renowned pharmaceutical and healthcare companies, producing active botanical ingredients of the highest quality. We always move forward with a spirit of long-term collaboration and mutual respect — between customers, suppliers and our employees. Raising the bar of efficacy and excellence. We offer a broad portfolio of independently certified premium botanical extracts for herbal medicinal products and dietary supplements — for tablets and capsules, as well as for other innovative dosage forms. Delivering quality you can trust. By applying the highest standards from seeds to finished extracts, we ensure consistent quality and minimized risk through the entire value chain. Our process-oriented, integrated management system is continuously subject to certification. Being part of a strong group. We’re a proud member of the nature network® — allowing us to control our botanical supply and offer high-quality products that are traceable back to the origins. Acting globally. As a global player, we are at home all over the world — with more than 25 sales and manufacturing sites within the nature network®. Beyond that, we cooperate with many trusted sales partners within an even broader network. Making new ideas happen. For us, there’s nothing more satisfying than finding the optimal solution for a customer’s specific need. We consistently invest in new ideas and clinical studies that support the efficacy of our products. 2 PAGE 4–5 COUGH & COLD PAGE 6 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SPORTS, JOINT & ENERGY PAGE 7 PAGE 8–9 MEN’S HEALTH & WOMEN’S HEALTH HEART & VEINS PAGE 10 DIGESTION PAGE 11 Creating active botanical ingredients for efficacious results.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Extension Connection to Nutrition and Fitness
    Your extension connection to nutrition and fitness Fruits and Vegetables: Nature’s Cancer Prevention What is known about cancer prevention is still evolving, but we do know that chances of developing cancer are affected by the lifestyle choices we make. Some simple changes can make a big difference – such as eating a healthy diet and getting regular screenings. Makes 3 one-cup servings The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) recommends we fill at least two- Ingredients 2 tablespoons vinegar thirds of our plates with vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and beans. Research shows 1 tablespoon vegetable oil that vegetables and fruits likely protect against a range of cancers. 1 tablespoon mustard (Dijon or other) 1 teaspoon garlic powder Vegetables and fruits may protect against cancer because they contain vitamins, ½ teaspoon dried oregano minerals, and phytochemicals. Vitamins and minerals help strengthen our immune ½ teaspoon dried basil 1 system. Phytochemicals (a.k.a. antioxidants) protect cells in the body from damage ⁄8 teaspoon nutmeg (optional) that can lead to cancer. Typically, phytochemicals are found in the pigment, which is 2 cups spinach (washed), (more if you like) why eating a variety of colorful fruits and vegetables is important. 1 15-ounce can black beans (unsalted or drain and rinse) Enjoy vegetables and fruits with less sugar and salt—season with herbs and spices. 2 tomatoes (chopped) Herbs (leaves of low-growing shrubs) and spices (come from the bark, root, buds, 1 red onion (small, chopped) seeds, berry, or fruit of tropical plants and trees) are recommended in place of table Directions salt.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview on Phytopharmacology of Pelargonium Graveolens L
    Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 14(4), October 2015, pp. 558-563 An overview on phytopharmacology of Pelargonium graveolens L. Jinous Asgarpanah1,2* & Fereshteh Ramezanloo2 1Young Researchers and Elite Club, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Received 30 October 2014, revised 12 August 2015 Since ancient, Pelargonium graveolens L. is well organized for its therapeutic values. Only recently, its new medicinal aspects have been award by scientists. Regarding new multi-functional properties of P. graveolens and valuable ongoing reports we were prompted to update phytochemistry and pharmacology of it. Data were collected using of journals, articles, scientific books and websites such as Scopus and PubMed. P. graveolens extracts and essential oil are important in drug development with many pharmacologic properties in China and Middle East especially in Egypt and Morocco. P. graveolens has been used in traditional medicine for the relief of hemorrhoids, dysentery, inflammation and cancer, as well as in the perfumery, cosmetic and aromatherapy industries all over the world. P. graveolens has recently been shown to have antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal activities and acaricidal effects. The valuable therapeutic aspects of P. graveolens are mostly correlated to the existence of volatile constituents, terpenoids and flavonoids. Due to being widespread and the easy collection of this plant and also remarkable biological activities and containing a high amount of essential oil, this plant has become a medicinal plant in pharmacy especially in aromatherapy. This overview presents comprehensive analyzed information on the phytochemical and clinical properties of P.
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19: Is There Evidence for the Use of Herbal Medicines As Adjuvant Symptomatic Therapy?
    REVIEW published: 23 September 2020 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581840 COVID-19: Is There Evidence for the Use of Herbal Medicines as Adjuvant Symptomatic Therapy? † † Daˆ maris Silveira 1* , Jose Maria Prieto-Garcia 2* , Fabio Boylan 3, Omar Estrada 4, Yris Maria Fonseca-Bazzo 1, Claudia Masrouah Jamal 5,Pe´ rola Oliveira Magalhães 1, † Edson Oliveira Pereira 1, Michal Tomczyk 6 and Michael Heinrich 7* 1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil, 2 School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 3 School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, 4 Biophysics and Biochemistry Center, Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research, Caracas, Venezuela, 5 Center of Health Sciences, Federal Edited by: University of Espirito Santo, Vito´ ria, Brazil, 6 Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland, Valentina Echeverria Moran, 7 Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University College of London, London, United Kingdom Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, United States Reviewed by: Background: Current recommendations for the self-management of SARS-Cov-2 Helen Skaltsa, disease (COVID-19) include self-isolation, rest, hydration, and the use of NSAID in case National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece of high fever only. It is expected that many patients will add other symptomatic/adjuvant Franc¸ois Chassagne, treatments, such as herbal medicines. Emory University, United States Aims: To provide a benefits/risks assessment of selected herbal medicines traditionally *Correspondence: “ ” Daˆ maris Silveira indicated for respiratory diseases within the current frame of the COVID-19 pandemic as [email protected] an adjuvant treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Tg/109 Regal Pelargonium
    These Test Guidelines have been superseded by a later version. The latest adopted version of Test Guidelines can be found at http://www.upov.int/test_guidelines/en/list.jsp This publication has been scanned from a paper copy and may have some discrepancies from the original document. _____ Ces principes directeurs d’examen ont été remplacés par une version ultérieure. La version adoptée la plus récente des principes directeurs d’examen figure à l’adresse suivante : http://www.upov.int/test_guidelines/fr/list.jsp Cette publication a été numérisée à partir d’une copie papier et peut contenir des différences avec le document original. _____ Diese Prüfungsrichtlinien wurden durch eine neuere Fassung ersetzt. Die neueste angenommene Fassung von Prüfungsrichtlinien ist unter http://www.upov.int/test_guidelines/de/list.jsp zu finden. Diese Veröffentlichung wurde von einer Papierkopie gescannt und könnte Abweichungen von der originalen Veröffentlichung aufweisen. _____ Las presentes directrices de examen han sido reemplazadas por una versión posterior. La versión de las directrices de examen de más reciente aprobación está disponible en http://www.upov.int/test_guidelines/es/list.jsp. Este documento ha sido escaneado a partir de una copia en papel y puede que existan divergencias en relación con el documento original. TG/109/3 Original: German/allemand/deutsch Date/Datum: 1987-10-07 DRAFT GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, HOMOGENEITY AND STABILITY PROJET PRINCIPES DIRECTEURS POUR LA CONDUITE DE L'EXAMEN DES CARACTERES DISTINCTIFS, DE L'HOMOGENEITE ET DE LA STABILITE ENTWURF RICHTLINIEN FUER DIE DURCHFUEHRUNG DER PRUEFUNG AUF UNTERSCHEIDBARKEIT, HOMOGENITAET UND BESTAENDIGKEIT REGAL PELARGONIUM PELARGONIUM DES FLEURISTES EDELPELARGONIE (Pelargonium grandiflorum hort.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of a Sex Chromosome in Asparagus by Alex E. Harkess (Under the Direction of James H. Leebens-Mack) Abstract the Ov
    The Evolution of a Sex Chromosome in Asparagus by Alex E. Harkess (Under the Direction of James H. Leebens-Mack) Abstract The overwhelming majority of flowering plants reproduce through the production of hermaphroditic flowers. A small percentage of angiosperm species instead are dioecious, producing either male or female flowers on individual plants. Dioecy can be mediated at the molecular level by a sex chromosome that genetically differentiates males and females. Sex chromosomes evolve from autosomes, and this conversion is hypothesized to involve muta- tions in one or more linked genes that determine sex. Given the complexities of anther and ovule development, the full suite of sex determination genes has not been described for any dioecious plant. Here we explore the conversion from autosome to an XY sex chromosome using garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), an ideal model system for studying the ear- liest events in sex chromosome evolution given that it recently evolved a sex chromosome pair. Focusing first on broad trends, genomic characterization of several hermaphroditic and dioecious species across the Asparagus genus revealed an increase in retrotransposon con- tent coincident with the evolution of dioecy. To identify putative sex determination genes on this Y chromosome, we then explore the timing of male and female sterility events in garden asparagus, hypothesizing that anther sterility in females likely occurs before pollen microsporogenesis. Finally, we assemble and annotate a high quality reference genome for garden asparagus, and perform a suite of mutant analyses to identify two genes in a non- recombining region of the Y that are ultimately responsible for sex determination.
    [Show full text]
  • Diseases of Specific Florist Crops Geranium (Pelargonium Hortorum)
    Diseases of Specific Florist Crops Keeping florist crops free of disease requires constant care and planning. Prevention is the basis of freedom from disease and should be an integral part of the general cultural program. The symptoms of the diseases of major florist crops are described individually by crop in a series of fact sheets. Geranium (Pelargonium hortorum) • Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii): Tiny (1/16 in. diameter) round brown leaf spots, often surrounded by a chlorotic zone. Spots form when bacteria have been splashed onto the leaf surface. Subsequent systemic invasion of the plant leads to the development of a yellow or tan wedge-shaped area at the leaf edge and then to wilting of the leaf. Further progression of the disease may lead to brown stem cankers at nodes, brown to black vascular discoloration inside the stem, and tip dieback or wilting of all or part of the plant. Roots usually remain healthy-looking. Disease symptoms develop most readily under warm (spring) greenhouse temperatures. Spread is rapid during the handling and overhead irrigation associated with propagation. Only geraniums are susceptible to bacterial blight. P. hortorum (zonal) and P. peltatum (ivy) both show symptoms; P. domesticum (Martha Washington or Regal) is less likely to show symptoms. Hardy Geranium species may also be a source of infection; these will show leaf spot but not wilt symptoms. Infested plants should be destroyed; there are no chemical controls. Although culture- indexing procedures should have eliminated this disease from modern geranium production, it remains all too common in the industry today, causing large financial losses to geranium growers.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society of London
    I 3 2044 105 172"381 : JOURNAL OF THE llopl lortimltoal fbck EDITED BY Key. GEORGE HEXSLOW, ALA., E.L.S., F.G.S. rtanical Demonstrator, and Secretary to the Scientific Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society. VOLUME VI Gray Herbarium Harvard University LOXD N II. WEEDE & Co., PRINTERS, BEOMPTON. ' 1 8 8 0. HARVARD UNIVERSITY HERBARIUM. THE GIFT 0F f 4a Ziiau7- m 3 2044 i"05 172 38" J O U E N A L OF THE EDITED BY Eev. GEOEGE HENSLOW, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S. Botanical Demonstrator, and Secretary to the Scientific Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society. YOLUME "VI. LONDON: H. WEEDE & Co., PRINTERS, BROMPTON, 1 8 80, OOUITOIL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 1 8 8 0. Patron. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. President. The Eight Honourable Lord Aberdare. Vice- Presidents. Lord Alfred S. Churchill. Arthur Grote, Esq., F.L.S. Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bt., M.P. H. J". Elwes, Esq. Treasurer. Henry "W ebb, Esq., Secretary. Eobert Hogg, Esq., LL.D., F.L.S. Members of Council. G. T. Clarke, Esq. W. Haughton, Esq. Colonel R. Tretor Clarke. Major F. Mason. The Rev. H. Harpur Crewe. Sir Henry Scudamore J. Denny, Esq., M.D. Stanhope, Bart. Sir Charles "W. Strickland, Bart. Auditors. R. A. Aspinall, Esq. John Lee, Esq. James F. West, Esq. Assistant Secretary. Samuel Jennings, Esq., F.L S. Chief Clerk J. Douglas Dick. Bankers. London and County Bank, High Street, Kensington, W. Garden Superintendent. A. F. Barron. iv ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE, 1880. Chairman. Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, K.C.S.I., M.D., C.B.,F.R.S., V.P.L.S., Royal Gardens, Kew.
    [Show full text]