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China Data Supplement
China Data Supplement October 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 29 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 36 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 45 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR................................................................................................................ 54 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR....................................................................................................................... 61 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 66 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 October 2008 The Main National Leadership of the -
Religion in China BKGA 85 Religion Inchina and Bernhard Scheid Edited by Max Deeg Major Concepts and Minority Positions MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.)
Religions of foreign origin have shaped Chinese cultural history much stronger than generally assumed and continue to have impact on Chinese society in varying regional degrees. The essays collected in the present volume put a special emphasis on these “foreign” and less familiar aspects of Chinese religion. Apart from an introductory article on Daoism (the BKGA 85 BKGA Religion in China prototypical autochthonous religion of China), the volume reflects China’s encounter with religions of the so-called Western Regions, starting from the adoption of Indian Buddhism to early settlements of religious minorities from the Near East (Islam, Christianity, and Judaism) and the early modern debates between Confucians and Christian missionaries. Contemporary Major Concepts and religious minorities, their specific social problems, and their regional diversities are discussed in the cases of Abrahamitic traditions in China. The volume therefore contributes to our understanding of most recent and Minority Positions potentially violent religio-political phenomena such as, for instance, Islamist movements in the People’s Republic of China. Religion in China Religion ∙ Max DEEG is Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Cardiff. His research interests include in particular Buddhist narratives and their roles for the construction of identity in premodern Buddhist communities. Bernhard SCHEID is a senior research fellow at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. His research focuses on the history of Japanese religions and the interaction of Buddhism with local religions, in particular with Japanese Shintō. Max Deeg, Bernhard Scheid (eds.) Deeg, Max Bernhard ISBN 978-3-7001-7759-3 Edited by Max Deeg and Bernhard Scheid Printed and bound in the EU SBph 862 MAX DEEG, BERNHARD SCHEID (EDS.) RELIGION IN CHINA: MAJOR CONCEPTS AND MINORITY POSITIONS ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE SITZUNGSBERICHTE, 862. -
Securing the Belt and Road Initiative: China's Evolving Military
the national bureau of asian research nbr special report #80 | september 2019 securing the belt and road initiative China’s Evolving Military Engagement Along the Silk Roads Edited by Nadège Rolland cover 2 NBR Board of Directors John V. Rindlaub Kurt Glaubitz Matt Salmon (Chairman) Global Media Relations Manager Vice President of Government Affairs Senior Managing Director and Chevron Corporation Arizona State University Head of Pacific Northwest Market East West Bank Mark Jones Scott Stoll Co-head of Macro, Corporate & (Treasurer) Thomas W. Albrecht Investment Bank, Wells Fargo Securities Partner (Ret.) Partner (Ret.) Wells Fargo & Company Ernst & Young LLP Sidley Austin LLP Ryo Kubota Mitchell B. Waldman Dennis Blair Chairman, President, and CEO Executive Vice President, Government Chairman Acucela Inc. and Customer Relations Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc. U.S. Navy (Ret.) Quentin W. Kuhrau Chief Executive Officer Charles W. Brady Unico Properties LLC Honorary Directors Chairman Emeritus Lawrence W. Clarkson Melody Meyer Invesco LLC Senior Vice President (Ret.) President The Boeing Company Maria Livanos Cattaui Melody Meyer Energy LLC Secretary General (Ret.) Thomas E. Fisher Long Nguyen International Chamber of Commerce Senior Vice President (Ret.) Chairman, President, and CEO Unocal Corporation George Davidson Pragmatics, Inc. (Vice Chairman) Joachim Kempin Kenneth B. Pyle Vice Chairman, M&A, Asia-Pacific (Ret.) Senior Vice President (Ret.) Professor, University of Washington HSBC Holdings plc Microsoft Corporation Founding President, NBR Norman D. Dicks Clark S. Kinlin Jonathan Roberts Senior Policy Advisor President and Chief Executive Officer Founder and Partner Van Ness Feldman LLP Corning Cable Systems Ignition Partners Corning Incorporated Richard J. -
Say Hello to the New Guys
Say Hello to the New Guys James Mulvenon In late July 2012, six officers, two from the People’s Armed Police and four from the People’s Liberation Army, were promoted to the rank of full general, the highest possible rank in the service. The order was conferred by the presumably outgoing Central Military Commission Chairman, Hu Jintao, but was announced by his likely successor, Xi Jinping. This article examines the backgrounds of these six individuals, assessing whether they might represent new trends under Xi’s leadership. Introduction On 30 July 2012, six officers, two from the People’s Armed Police and four from the People’s Liberation Army, were promoted to the rank of full general, the highest possible rank in the service: • Lieutenant General Liu Yazhou, 60, the political commissar of the National Defense University; • Lieutenant General Wang Jianping, 59, commander of the PAP; • Lieutenant General Xu Yaoyuan, 60, political commissar of the PAP; • Lieutenant General Du Jincai, 60, deputy head of the PLA’s General Political Department; • Lieutenant General Tian Xiusi, 62, political commissar of the Chengdu Military Command; and • Lieutenant General Du Hengyan, 61, political commissar of the Jinan Military Command. Xi Jinping, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission, announced the order signed on 28 June by Chairman Hu Jintao of the Central Military Commission on the promotion to the military rank of general and the order signed jointly by Premier Wen Jiabao of the State Council and Chairman Hu Jintao of the Central Military Commission on the promotion to the police rank of Armed Police general.1 The rank promotion ceremony itself was presided over by Guo Boxiong, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission. -
China's Incomplete Military Transformation
China’s Incomplete Military Transformation Assessing the Weaknesses of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Michael S. Chase, Jeffrey Engstrom, Tai Ming Cheung, Kristen A. Gunness, Scott Warren Harold, Susan Puska, Samuel K. Berkowitz C O R P O R A T I O N NATIONAL SECURITY RESEARCH DIVISION China’s Incomplete Military Transformation Assessing the Weaknesses of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Disclaimer: This research report was prepared at the request of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission to support its deliberations. Posting of the report to the Commission's website is intended to promote greater public understanding of the issues addressed by the Commission in its ongoing assessment of U.S.-China economic relations and their implications for U.S. security, as mandated by Public Law 106-398 and Public Law 108-7. However, it does not necessarily imply an endorsement by the Commission or any individual Commissioner of the views or conclusions expressed in this commissioned research report. February 2015 Michael S. Chase, Jeffrey Engstrom, Tai Ming Cheung, Kristen A. Gunness, Scott Warren Harold, Susan Puska, Samuel K. Berkowitz Sponsored by the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR893 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-8830-7 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2015 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Chinese airborne troops parachute in an amphibious landing drill during the third phase of the Sino-Russian “Peace Mission 2005” joint military exercise, held in China's Shandong Peninsula in 2005 (AP Photo /Xinhua, Zha Chunming). -
Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’S Republic of China
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2017 Office of the Secretary of Defense Preparation of this report cost the Department of Defense a total of approximately $97,000 in Fiscal Years 2016-2017. This includes $3,000 in expenses and $94,000 in DoD labor. Generated on 2017 May 15 RefID: C-B066B88 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2017 A Report to Congress Pursuant to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 Section 1246, “Annual Report on Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China,” of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010, Public Law 111-84, which amends the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, Section 1202, Public Law 106- 65, provides that the Secretary of Defense shall submit a report “in both classified and unclassified form, on military and security developments involving the People’s Republic of China. The report shall address the current and probable future course of military-technological development of the People’s Liberation Army and the tenets and probable development of Chinese security strategy and military strategy, and of the military organizations and operational concepts supporting such development over the next 20 years. -
Chinaanalysis
ANALYSIS CHINA HOW FAR WILL THE NPC GO IN IMPLEMENTING REFORM? Introduction ABOUT by François Godement The Chinese have long been obsessed with strategic culture, power balances and geopolitical shifts. Academic institutions, think tanks, journals The annual meeting of China’s National People’s Congress and web-based debate are growing in number and (NPC) opens on 5 March, and this year, there is far less quality and give China’s foreign policy breadth and speculation about the event than there has been in previous depth. years. It is easy to see why expectations are low. Just a few China Analysis, which is published in both French months ago, the party announced a long list of reforms. But, and English, introduces European audiences to reading the fine print of the 60-point “Decision on Major these debates inside China’s expert and think-tank Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reforms”, world and helps the European policy community almost 200 reforms were proposed by the Central understand how China’s leadership thinks Committee at the Third Plenum in November 2013. How about domestic and foreign policy issues. While freedom of expression and information remain could the government possibly announce more? restricted in China’s media, these published sources and debates provide an important way of Moreover, Xi Jinping’s mandate at the helm of the understanding emerging trends within China. Communist Party and the state has asphyxiated the contentious debates of the last few years. And his vigorous Each issue of China Analysis focuses on a specific theme and draws mainly on Chinese mainland anti-corruption campaign has engendered real fear among sources. -
Military and Security Developments, People's Republic of China 2010
ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2010 Office of the Secretary of Defense Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2010 A Report to Congress Pursuant to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 Section 1246, “Annual Report on Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China,” of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010, Public Law 111-84, which amends the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, Section 1202, Public Law 106-65, provides that the Secretary of Defense shall submit a report “in both classified and unclassified form, on military and security developments involving the People’s Republic of China. The report shall address the current and probable future course of military- technological development of the People’s Liberation Army and the tenets and probable development of Chinese security strategy and military strategy, and of the military organizations and operational concepts, through the next 20 years. The report shall also address United States-China engagement and cooperation on security matters during the period covered by the report, including through United States-China military-to-military contacts, and the United States strategy for such engagement and cooperation in the future.” (This page left intentionally blank) Executive Summary Over the past 30 years, China has made great progress in its pursuit of economic growth and development, which has allowed China to achieve higher living standards for the Chinese people and has increased China’s international profile. These economic achievements, combined with progress in science and technology, have also enabled China to embark on a comprehensive transformation of its military. -
China in 1993: One More Year of Political Repressiorepressionn
November 1993 Vol.5, No.20 CHINA IN 1993: ONE MORE YEAR OF POLITICAL REPRESSIOREPRESSIONN 1. Deaths in Prison or Under RestrictionRestriction................................................................................................................................. 3 Catholics and Protestants............................................................................................................................................ 3 Hebei Province (3); Shaanxi Province (3); Shanghai (4) 2. Psychiatric IncarcerationIncarceration.......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Shanghai (5) 3. Recent trials and sentences .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Students, Intellectuals and Journalists .............................................................................................................. 5 Beijing (5); Hubei Province (8); Shanghai (8) Workers ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Beijing (10); Hubei Province (10); Shanghai (11); Tianjin (12) Business persons ............................................................................................................................................................. 12 4. Trials Imminent ............................................................................................................................................................................... -
Chinese Military Reforms in the Age of Xi Jinping: Drivers, Challenges, and Implications by Joel Wuthnow and Phillip C
CHINA STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 10 Chinese Military Reforms in the Age of Xi Jinping: Drivers, Challenges, and Implications by Joel Wuthnow and Phillip C. Saunders Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs The mission of the China Center is to serve as a national focal point and resource center for multidisciplinary research and analytic exchanges on the national goals and strategic posture of the People’s Republic of China and the ability of that nation to develop, field, and deploy an effective military instrument in support of its national stra- tegic objectives. The Center keeps officials in the Department of Defense (DOD), other government agencies, and Congress apprised of the results of these efforts. The Center also engages the faculty and students of the National Defense University and other components of the DOD professional military education system in aspects of its work and thereby assists their respective programs of teaching, training, and research. The Center has an active outreach program designed to pro- mote exchanges among American and international analysts of Chinese military affairs. Cover photo: President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping and Chinese General Fang Fenghui, Chief of the General Staff, before meeting General Martin E. Dempsey, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in Beijing, April 23, 2013 (DOD/D. Myles Cullen) Chinese Military Reform in the Age of Xi Jinping Chinese Military Reform in the Age of Xi Jinping: Drivers, Challenges, and Implications by Joel Wuthnow and Phillip C. -
XI JINPING's NATIONALIST AGENDA in THREE CASES by Sara Marie
NATIONALISM WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS: XI JINPING’S NATIONALIST AGENDA IN THREE CASES by Sara Marie Johnson A thesis submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Government Baltimore, Maryland May 2021 © 2021 Sara Johnson All rights reserved Abstract Since Xi Jinping’s tenure as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) began in 2012, nationalism is a topic often discussed by scholars analyzing China’s behavior. Throughout the latter half of the twentieth century, China's prodigious economic growth, antagonistic political environment, and restrictive social policies have only added to its mystique. How can a nation encumbered with the societal difficulties of a Third World nation, restricted by a quasi-authoritarian Communist government, and largely feared by the international community unite to achieve monumental growth in economic development and political influence? The ultimate architect of China's perpetual rise in the twenty-first century is the nationalist narrative perpetuated by the CCP under Xi Jinping's leadership. Xi Jinping's careful consolidation of political power coincides with the fortification of a modern, state-centered constructivist nationalist agenda. This thesis attempts to advance our understanding of Chinese nationalism in the Xi Jinping- era. China’s remarkable economic prosperity and its growing political influence within the international community will likely persist through the near future. Therefore, it is essential that scholars understand the cultural, historical, and political factors that influence the development of the distinct Chinese nationalism that drives development. If scholars can view China’s actions through the lens of Chinese—not Western—conceptions of nationalism, then the international community will be better equipped to approach China's current policies with a culturally sensitive, pragmatic understanding vice perennial apprehension. -
Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
China Data Supplement November 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 29 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 36 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 41 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 50 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR................................................................................................................ 52 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR....................................................................................................................... 59 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 64 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 November 2008 The Main National Leadership of