DOCSLIB.ORG

Research Paper

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Research Paper ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences The official scientific journal of Salahaddin University-Erbil https://zancojournals.su.edu.krd/index.php/JPAS ISSN (print ):2218-0230, ISSN (online): 2412-3986, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21271/zjpas RESEARCH PAPER Investigation on the Allelopathic Impact of Blanket Weed (Galenia secunda) as a Distributed Invasive Weed in Some Natural Grasslands Ako H. Mahmood Department of Forestry, College of Agriculture, Slahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq A B S T R A C T: The broad leaf perennial weed, Galenia secunda forms large colonies that reduced the abundance of native vegetation in many natural grasslands. Although rapid growth and prolific reproduction (both sexual and asexual) clearly contribute to its successful invasion, its might be have a strong allelopathic effects beside the competition capability on native plants. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the allelopathic effects of G. secunda weed on seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce (as a model plant test). Stem, root and leaf aqueous extracts of G. secunda at 0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 % concentrations were applied to determine their effect on lettuce seed germination and seedling growth under laboratory conditions. Increasing concentrations of aqueous extracts of G. secunda from leaf and stem inhibited seed germination and greater than 78 % of seeds were failed to germinate when the extract concentration from the leaf part was 15 %. In contrast, aqueous extracts from root had no effect on lettuce seed germination. Extracts from root and stem had a stimulatory effect on shoot length at all concentration levels, as against an inhibitory effect of leaf extracts. Root extracts at low concentration (1 and 5 %) promoted root length but aqueous extracts from leaf and stem inhibited root length. The results from this study show that G. secunda produces chemicals that can inhibit the growth of neighbouring plant species. KEY WORDS:Allelopathy,Aqueous extracts,Germination,Seedling growth DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.31.s4.14 ZJPAS (2019) , 31(s4);83-89 . 1.INTRODUCTION : Most plants exhibit allelopathic effects on seed Allelopathic plant interactions can have either a germination, growth and development of other harmful or beneficial effect and are generally plants by releasing allelochemicals into the soil, evaluated by testing some physiologic either as exudates from living organs or by mechanisms that result in the decomposition of plant residues (Singh et al. inhibition/stimulation of seed germination, plant 2003;Kato Noguchi and Ino 2005;Mutlu and Ati growth and development due to the presence of Sangeetha and Baskar, 2015). Allelochemicals are another plant (Suman et al. 2002; Weston and present in almost all plants and their tissues such Duke 2003). Several classes of allelopathic as leaves, stems, roots, flowers, seeds, bark, and substances, such as monoterpenes and phenols, buds (Weston and Duke 2003; Marichali et al. are produced naturally by most plant species 2014). (Jefferson and Pennacchio, 2003). * Corresponding Author: Ako Hussein Mahmood E-mail: [email protected] Article History: Published: 01 /10 /2019 Mahmood. A. et al. /ZJPAS: 2019, 31 (s4): 83-89 84 Those compounds are usually synthesized in terpenes, steroids and phenols (Williams, the leaves, which fall to the ground during 1979). Nevertheless, there have been no studies periods of stress. Rain assists with the leaching of its allelopathic potential. I hypothesised that of allelopathic substances into the soil, where allelochemicals of G. secunda negatively affect they may affect the germination and growth of germination, growth and physiological aspects other plants (Rice, 1974; Jefferson and of model test species. Therefore, the main goal Pennacchio, 2003). The influence of of this study was to investigate the allelopathic allelopathy on the germination and growth of effects of G. secunda on the seed germination plants may occur through a variety of and seedling growth of lettuce plant under mechanisms, including decreased activity laboratory conditions. mitotic in roots and hypocotyls, suppress hormonal activity, low absorption ion rate, preventing photosynthesis and respiration, 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS inhibited the formation of the protein, 2.1 General procedure decreased permeability of cell membranes and/or inhibiting an enzyme action (Rice The Galenia secunda (whole mature plant) grown 1974). Through these actions, allelopathic naturally were collected in their flowering stage from substances may play a role in shaping plant several populations during October 2015 in heavily community structure in semi-arid and arid infested field in the surrounding areas in western Melbourne, Australia (37º 49' 5.63" S 144º 34' 58.77" environments. E), at an altitude of 66 m, to determine if this weed Galenia secunda (Eckl. &Zeyk) Druce (carpet contained chemicals inhibitory to the germination and weed) is a woody, prostrate perennial weed growth of neighbouring species. Plant materials were belonging to the Aizoaceae family. This collected from areas considered visually homogeneous species is native to South Africa (Arnold and with respect to shoot density and age. All samples were placed into sealable plastic bags for transportation to the De Wet 1993), but it has been introduced and seed ecology laboratory at the faculty of science, has become well established in other regions Federation University Australia. such as California, USA (Ross 1994), southern Spain (Garcia-de-Lomas et al. 2010), central 2.2 Extraction procedure Chile (Leuenberger and Eggli 2002), and At laboratory all plant samples immediately various states and territories in Australia separated into leaf, stem, and root parts. Each (Prescott and Venning 1984; Carr et al. 1992; part of the plant materials were dried at room Cook 2013). temperature (25 °C) for seven days, then the G. secunda has spread fast enough to cover materials dried further in an oven at 70 °C for substantial areas within a few years in those 48 h. Dry materials were cut into 2–3 cm and countries and is now putting pressure on their ground separately with a pestle and mortar. natural resources. G. secunda is an aggressive One, 5, 10, 15 and 25 g of each part of the colonizer of over-grazed pastures, railway ground plant materials were weighed and put in sides, dry coastal vegetation, and around field 250 ml volumetric flasks and filled up to 100 crops under varied environmental conditions ml with distilled water. Samples were left at (Carr et al. 1992; Garcia-de-Lomas et al. 2010; room temperature 22 C for 24 hour. These Cook 2013). It has brought remarkable changes solutions were filtered through four layers of in the structural opposition and dynamics of cheesecloth to remove the fiber debris and vegetation by adversely affecting the density centrifuged at a low speed (3000- revolution and diversity of natural flora and has caused min-1) for 4 hour and designated as 1 %, 5 %, substantial losses in native vegetation, and its 10 % and 15% aqueous extract, respectively, as strong competitiveness towards crop or pasture adopted from Uddin et al. (2012). species for soil moisture and nutrients. Several bioactive compounds have been 2.3 Bioassay with aqueous extract of dry identified in the leaves of G. secunda, plant parts on model seeds including alkaloids, nitrates, soluble oxalates, ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2019 Mahmood. A. et al. /ZJPAS: 2019, 31 (s4): 83-89 85 Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Cos) was used shown in (figure 1). The results showed that as a model seed to test germination response in there was a gradual decrease in the germination a dilution series in extracts generated by percentage of lettuce seeds with the increasing distilled water, because of its sensitivity and concentration of the leaf extract of G. secunda. hypochlorite common use in bioassay. The seeds were surface sterilised with 1% (w/v) As compared to the control (0 %), the 15 % sodium hypochlorite for 1 min and aqueous extract of G. secunda caused the subsequently washed (three times, 3 min per maximum reduction in the germination wash) with sterile distilled water. Each part percentage 21.3 % compare to other extract (10 mL) was placed into a sterile 9-cm concentrations and other aqueous parts. Greater Petri dish underlain with two sterile filter than 78 % of seeds were failed to germinate as papers (Whatman No. 10, Whatman a result of application 15 % of aqueous extract International, Springerfield Mill, Maidstone, UK), with distilled water used as a control. from leaf (Figure 2). Aqueous extracts from Four replicates (each having 25 seeds) were stem and root had shown no adverse effect on used for each treatment. The Petri dishes were seed germination. Leaf extracts at lower (1 % sealed with plastic wrap (Glad wraps) to and 5 %) concentration had little impact on prevent the loss of moisture and avoid seed germination. contamination. The prepared dishes were placed in a germination cabinet (Thermo line Scientific and Humidity Cabinet, TRISLH- 495-1-SD, Vol. 240, Australia) at 25/18 C day/night in the 12:12 light/dark condition, ), which were equipped with cool-white fluorescent lamps that provided a photosynthetic photon flux of 40 μmol m-2s-1. Germination was deemed to occur only after the radicle had protruded beyond the seed coat by at least 1 mm. 2.4 Experimental design and statistical analysis Germination and seedling growth bioassays were conducted in a complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. The experiment was repeated once. The average data obtained from two experiments were subjected to analysis using Minitab 16 computer software. Means were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at P < 0.05 probability level. 3. RESULTS 3.1 Germination percentage Allelopathic effects of different concentrations of aqueous extract, which obtained from leaf, stem, and root parts of Galenia secunda on germination percentage of lettuce seeds are ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2019 Mahmood.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Caryophyllales 2018 Instituto De Biología, UNAM September 17-23
    Caryophyllales 2018 Instituto de Biología, UNAM September 17-23 LOCAL ORGANIZERS Hilda Flores-Olvera, Salvador Arias and Helga Ochoterena, IBUNAM ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Walter G. Berendsohn and Sabine von Mering, BGBM, Berlin, Germany Patricia Hernández-Ledesma, INECOL-Unidad Pátzcuaro, México Gilberto Ocampo, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, México Ivonne Sánchez del Pino, CICY, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Thomas Borsch, BGBM, Germany Fernando O. Zuloaga, Instituto de Botánica Darwinion, Argentina Victor Sánchez Cordero, IBUNAM, México Cornelia Klak, Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa Hossein Akhani, Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Iran Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Moscow State University, Russia Michael J. Moore, Oberlin College, USA Compilation: Helga Ochoterena / Graphic Design: Julio C. Montero, Diana Martínez GENERAL PROGRAM . 4 MONDAY Monday’s Program . 7 Monday’s Abstracts . 9 TUESDAY Tuesday ‘s Program . 16 Tuesday’s Abstracts . 19 WEDNESDAY Wednesday’s Program . 32 Wednesday’s Abstracs . 35 POSTERS Posters’ Abstracts . 47 WORKSHOPS Workshop 1 . 61 Workshop 2 . 62 PARTICIPANTS . 63 GENERAL INFORMATION . 66 4 Caryophyllales 2018 Caryophyllales General program Monday 17 Tuesday 18 Wednesday 19 Thursday 20 Friday 21 Saturday 22 Sunday 23 Workshop 1 Workshop 2 9:00-10:00 Key note talks Walter G. Michael J. Moore, Berendsohn, Sabine Ya Yang, Diego F. Registration
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Weeds of Coastal Plains and Heathy Forests Bioregions of Victoria Heading in Band
    Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Heading in band b Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Heading in band Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria Contents Introduction 1 Purpose of the list 1 Limitations 1 Relationship to statutory lists 1 Composition of the list and assessment of taxa 2 Categories of environmental weeds 5 Arrangement of the list 5 Column 1: Botanical Name 5 Column 2: Common Name 5 Column 3: Ranking Score 5 Column 4: Listed in the CALP Act 1994 5 Column 5: Victorian Alert Weed 5 Column 6: National Alert Weed 5 Column 7: Weed of National Significance 5 Statistics 5 Further information & feedback 6 Your involvement 6 Links 6 Weed identification texts 6 Citation 6 Acknowledgments 6 Bibliography 6 Census reference 6 Appendix 1 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed alphabetically within risk categories. 7 Appendix 2 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed by botanical name. 19 Appendix 3 Environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria listed by common name. 31 Advisory list of environmental weeds of coastal plains and heathy forests bioregions of Victoria i Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment Melbourne, March2008 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2009 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Primitive in Mesembryanthemaceae? an Analysis of Evolutionary Polarity of Character States
    S.Afr.J. Bot., 1989,55(3): 321-331 321 What is primitive in Mesembryanthemaceae? An analysis of evolutionary polarity of character states V. Bittrich* and M. Struck Institut fUr Allgemeine Botanik und Botanischer Garten der Universitat Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-2000 Hamburg 52, West Germany Accepted 16 November 1988 Characters of the family Mesembryanthemaceae are investigated with respect to their state (primitive or derived) within this family. Out-group comparison with the closely related family Aizoaceae s.str. (excl. Mesembryanthemaceae) is used mainly, along with some other criteria. A tabulated survey of the characters discussed is provided. By combination of all characters considered as primitive, a morphotype (,hypothetical ancestor') of the Mesembryanthemaceae can be constructed. It is shown that no extant taxon possesses all features of this morphotype, but that all have acquired a number of derived characters. The possibility of the meronectary being a further synapomorphy of the family is discussed. A new synapomorphy for the subfamily Mesembryanthemoideae, namely the absence of expanding sheets on the valves of the hygrochastic capsule, is provided. The fundamental splitting of the Mesembryanthemaceae in two monophyletic subfamilies (Mesembryanthemoideae and Ruschioideae) is further supported by the results. Kenmerke van die familie Mesembryanthemaceae word, met betrekking tot hul toestand (primitief of afgelei) binne die familie, ondersoek. Buitegroep-vergelyking met die naverwante familie Aizoaceae s. str. (wat die Mesembryanthemaceae uitsluit) word hoofsaaklik, saam met ander kriteriums gebruik. 'n Getabuleerde oorsig van die kenmerke onder bespreking, word voorsien. Deur middel van 'n kombinasie van al die kenmerke wat as primitief beskou word, kan 'n morfotipe (hipotetiese voorouer) van die Mesembryanthemaceae gekonstrueer word.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania
    A CENSUS OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF TASMANIA, INCLUDING MACQUARIE ISLAND MF de Salas & ML Baker 2016 edition Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Department of State Growth Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2016 A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, Including Macquarie Island. 2016 edition MF de Salas and ML Baker Postal address: Street address: Tasmanian Herbarium College Road PO Box 5058 Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 UTAS LPO Australia Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 Australia © Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Published by the Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery GPO Box 1164 Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia www.tmag.tas.gov.au Cite as: de Salas, M.F. and Baker, M.L. (2016) A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, Including Macquarie Island. (Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. Hobart) www.tmag.tas.gov.au ISBN 978-1-921599-83-5 (PDF) 2 Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2016 Introduction The classification systems used in this Census largely follow Cronquist (1981) for flowering plants (Angiosperms) and McCarthy (1998) for conifers, ferns and their allies. The same classification systems are used to arrange the botanical collections of the Tasmanian Herbarium and by the Flora of Australia series published by the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS). For a more up-to-date classification of the flora refer to The Flora of Tasmania Online (Duretto 2009+) which currently follows APG II (2003). This census also serves as an index to The Student’s Flora of Tasmania (Curtis 1963, 1967, 1979; Curtis & Morris 1975, 1994). Species accounts can be found in The Student’s Flora of Tasmania by referring to the volume and page number reference that is given in the rightmost column (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Landscape Surveillance for New Weed Threats Project 2018-2019
    State Herbarium of South Australia Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium Economic & Sustainable Development Group Department for Environment and Water Milestone Report Regional Landscape Surveillance for New Weed Threats Project 2018-2019 Milestone: Annual report on new plant naturalisations in South Australia Chris J. Brodie, Peter J. Lang & Michelle Waycott June 2019 Contents Summary............................................................................................................................... 3 1. Activities and outcomes for 2017/2018 financial year........................................................ 3 Funding ............................................................................................................................. 3 Activities ........................................................................................................................... 4 Outcomes and progress of weeds monitoring ..................................................................... 6 2. New naturalised or questionably naturalised records of plants in South Australia. ............. 7 3. Descriptions of newly recognised weeds in South Australia .............................................. 9 4. Updates to weed distributions in South Australia, weed status and name changes ............ 29 References .......................................................................................................................... 33 Appendix 1: Activities of the Weeds Botanist ....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking Phylogenetics Using Caryophyllales (Angiosperms), Matk Gene and Trnk Intron As Experimental Platform
    Rethinking phylogenetics using Caryophyllales (angiosperms), matK gene and trnK intron as experimental platform Sunny Sheliese Crawley Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Biological Sciences Khidir W. Hilu Eric P. Beers Carla V. Finkielstein Jill C. Sible December 2, 2011 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: (phylogeny, missing data, caryophyllids, trnK intron, matK, RNA editing, gnetophytes) Copyright 2011, Sunny Sheliese Crawley Rethinking phylogenetics using Caryophyllales (angiosperms), matK gene and trnK intron as experimental platform Sunny Sheliese Crawley ABSTRACT The recent call to reconstruct a detailed picture of the tree of life for all organisms has forever changed the field of molecular phylogenetics. Sequencing technology has improved to the point that scientists can now routinely sequence complete plastid/mitochondrial genomes and thus, vast amounts of data can be used to reconstruct phylogenies. These data are accumulating in DNA sequence repositories, such as GenBank, where everyone can benefit from the vast growth of information. The trend of generating genomic-region rich datasets has far outpaced the expasion of datasets by sampling a broader array of taxa. We show here that expanding a dataset both by increasing genomic regions and species sampled using GenBank data, despite the inherent missing DNA that comes with GenBank data, can provide a robust phylogeny for the plant order Caryophyllales (angiosperms). We also investigate the utility of trnK intron in phylogeny reconstruction at relativley deep evolutionary history (the caryophyllid order) by comparing it with rapidly evolving matK. We show that trnK intron is comparable to matK in terms of the proportion of variable sites, parsimony informative sites, the distribution of those sites among rate classes, and phylogenetic informativness across the history of the order.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Report Series No. 287 Advisory List of Environmental Weeds in Victoria
    Advisory list of environmental weeds in Victoria M. White, D. Cheal, G.W. Carr, R. Adair, K. Blood and D. Meagher April 2018 Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 287 Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning PO Box 137 Heidelberg, Victoria 3084 Phone (03) 9450 8600 Website: www.ari.vic.gov.au Citation: White, M., Cheal, D., Carr, G. W., Adair, R., Blood, K. and Meagher, D. (2018). Advisory list of environmental weeds in Victoria. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 287. Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Heidelberg, Victoria. Front cover photo: Ixia species such as I. maculata (Yellow Ixia) have escaped from gardens and are spreading in natural areas. (Photo: Kate Blood) © The State of Victoria Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning 2018 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence. You are free to re-use the work under that licence, on the condition that you credit the State of Victoria as author. The licence does not apply to any images, photographs or branding, including the Victorian Coat of Arms, the Victorian Government logo, the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning logo and the Arthur Rylah Institute logo. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Printed by Melbourne Polytechnic, Preston Victoria ISSN 1835-3827 (print) ISSN 1835-3835 (pdf)) ISBN 978-1-76077-000-6 (print) ISBN 978-1-76077-001-3 (pdf/online) Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania
    A CENSUS OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF TASMANIA, INCLUDING MACQUARIE ISLAND MF de Salas & ML Baker 2019 edition Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Department of State Growth Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2019 A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island. 2019 edition MF de Salas and ML Baker Postal address: Street address: Tasmanian Herbarium College Road PO Box 5058 Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 UTAS LPO Australia Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 Australia © Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Published by the Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery GPO Box 1164 Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia https://www.tmag.tas.gov.au Cite as: de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2019) A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island. (Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart) https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census/ 2 Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2019 Introduction The Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania is a checklist of every native and naturalised vascular plant taxon for which there is physical evidence of its presence in Tasmania. It includes the correct nomenclature and authorship of the taxon’s name, as well as the reference of its original publication. According to this Census, the Tasmanian flora contains 2726 vascular plants, of which 1920 (70%) are considered native and 808 (30%) have naturalised from elsewhere. Among the native taxa, 533 (28%) are endemic to the State. Forty-eight of the State’s exotic taxa are considered sparingly naturalised, and are known only from a small number of populations. Twenty-three native taxa are recognised as extinct, whereas eight naturalised taxa are considered to have either not persisted in Tasmania or have been eradicated.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania
    A CENSUS OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF TASMANIA, INCLUDING MACQUARIE ISLAND MF de Salas & ML Baker 2017 edition Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Department of State Growth Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2017 A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island. 2017 edition MF de Salas and ML Baker Postal address: Street address: Tasmanian Herbarium College Road PO Box 5058 Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 UTAS LPO Australia Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 Australia © Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Published by the Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery GPO Box 1164 Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia www.tmag.tas.gov.au Cite as: de Salas, M.F. and Baker, M.L. (2017) A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island. (Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart) www.tmag.tas.gov.au ISBN 978-1-921599-84-2 (PDF) 2 Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2017 Introduction The classification systems used in this Census largely follow Cronquist (1981) for flowering plants (Angiosperms) and McCarthy (1998) for conifers, ferns and their allies. The same systems are used to arrange the botanical collections of the Tasmanian Herbarium and by the Flora of Australia series published by the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS). For a more up-to-date classification of the flora, refer to The Flora of Tasmania Online (Duretto 2009+) which currently follows APG II (2003). To determine the families in which genera are placed, refer to Appendix 2 at the end of this document. This census also serves as an index to The Student’s Flora of Tasmania (Curtis 1963, 1967, 1979; Curtis & Morris 1975, 1994).
    [Show full text]
  • Cynomorium Coccineum ?
    04_BalladaresyGarciadeLomas_2013_SGHN 08/01/2016 12:25 Page 1 Artículo ¿SON LAS PLANTAS INVASORAS UNA NUEVA AMENAZA PARA CYNOMORIUM COCCINEUM ? Luis Balladares, Juan García-de-Lomas* Grupo de Investigación Estructura y Dinámica de Ecosistemas Acuáticos. Pol. Río San Pedro s/n 11510 - Puerto Real (Cádiz, Spain) Recibido: 30 de agosto de 2013. Aceptado (versión revisada): 28 de septiembre de 2013. Publicado en línea: 25 de octubre de 2013 Palabras claves: Cynomorium coccineum , Galenia pubescens , amenazas, invasión, conservación, Cádiz. Keywords: Cynomorium coccineum , Galenia pubescens , threats, invasion, conservation, Cádiz. Resumen tats for S. vermiculata . This suggests that G. pubescens is a real and potential threat for C. coccineum by displacing its host plant and Cynomorium coccineun es una planta parásita de raíces de could reduce the extension of occurrence in the Cádiz province by 87%. quenopodiáceas, catalogada en Andalucía como “Vulnerable”, siendo We propose management measures to reduce the spread of Galenia la agricultura y el turismo sus amenazas. En la provincia de Cádiz se into the habitats suitable for S. vermiculata and C. coccineum , espe - distribuye en varios núcleos en el entorno de la Bahía de Cádiz, donde cially those located in the northernmost area of the Cádiz Bay Natu - recientemente se ha detectado una expansión de la planta invasora ral Park, between the cities of Cádiz and San Fernando. sudafricana Galenia pubescens . En este artículo se analizan las posi - bles repercusiones que la invasión de G. pubescens puede producir sobre la conservación de C. coccineum . Los resultados revelan un so - Introducción lapamiento de G. pubescens en los dos núcleos de C.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of San Diego County 5Th Edition
    cHeckliSt of tHe vaScUlaR PlaNtS of SaN DieGo coUNty 5th edition Pinus torreyana subsp. torreyana Downingia concolor var. brevior Thermopsis californica var. semota Pogogyne abramsii Hulsea californica Cylindropuntia fosbergii Dudleya brevifolia Chorizanthe orcuttiana Astragalus deanei by Jon P. Rebman and Michael G. Simpson San Diego Natural History Museum and San Diego State University examples of checklist taxa: SPecieS SPecieS iNfRaSPecieS iNfRaSPecieS NaMe aUtHoR RaNk & NaMe aUtHoR Eriodictyon trichocalyx A. Heller var. lanatum (Brand) Jepson {SD 135251} [E. t. subsp. l. (Brand) Munz] Hairy yerba Santa SyNoNyM SyMBol foR NoN-NATIVE, NATURaliZeD PlaNt *Erodium cicutarium (L.) Aiton {SD 122398} red-Stem Filaree/StorkSbill HeRBaRiUM SPeciMeN coMMoN DocUMeNTATION NaMe SyMBol foR PlaNt Not liSteD iN THE JEPSON MANUAL †Rhus aromatica Aiton var. simplicifolia (Greene) Conquist {SD 118139} Single-leaF SkunkbruSH SyMBol foR StRict eNDeMic TO SaN DieGo coUNty §§Dudleya brevifolia (Moran) Moran {SD 130030} SHort-leaF dudleya [D. blochmaniae (Eastw.) Moran subsp. brevifolia Moran] 1B.1 S1.1 G2t1 ce SyMBol foR NeaR eNDeMic TO SaN DieGo coUNty §Nolina interrata Gentry {SD 79876} deHeSa nolina 1B.1 S2 G2 ce eNviRoNMeNTAL liStiNG SyMBol foR MiSiDeNtifieD PlaNt, Not occURRiNG iN coUNty (Note: this symbol used in appendix 1 only.) ?Cirsium brevistylum Cronq. indian tHiStle i checklist of the vascular plants of san Diego county 5th edition by Jon p. rebman and Michael g. simpson san Diego natural history Museum and san Diego state university publication of: san Diego natural history Museum san Diego, california ii Copyright © 2014 by Jon P. Rebman and Michael G. Simpson Fifth edition 2014. isBn 0-918969-08-5 Copyright © 2006 by Jon P.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Article
    Volume 3(2): 139–143 TELOPEA Publication Date: 26 May 1988 Til. Ro)'al BOTANIC GARDENS dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea19884802 Journal of Plant Systematics 6 DOPII(liPi Tm st plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/Telopea • escholarship.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/TEL· ISSN 0312-9764 (Print) • ISSN 2200-4025 (Online) 139 Notes on Aizoaceae and Chenopodiaceae s. W.L. Jacobs Abstract Jacobs, S. W.L. (National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia 2000) 1988. Notes on Aizoaceae and Chenopodiaceae. Telopea 3(2): 139-143. The new combinations Zaleya gaIericulata ssp. australis (Melville) S.W.L. Jacobs, Sclerolaena stelligera (F. Muel!.) S.W.L. Jacobs and S. brachyptera (F. Muel!.) S.W.L. Jacobs are made and Aizoon secundum L.f. (= Galenia secunda) and A. pubescens Ecklon & Zeyher (=Galenia pubescens) are lectotypified. The following new combinations and lectotypifications are made to make them available for the forthcoming first volume of the 'Flora of New South Wales'. Aizoaceae (i) Zaleya galericulata (Melville) Eichler ssp. australis (Melville) S. W.L. Jacobs, comb. et stat. nov. BASIONYM: Trianthema australis Melville, Kew Bull. 7: 266 (1952). HOLOTYPE: NEW SOUTH WALES: Narrabri, White NSW 13559, April 1914 (NSW; dupl. K). Trianthema australis has either been recognised (Jacobs & Pickard 1981; Beadle et al. 1982), ignored (Beadle 1972) or treated as a synonym of Zaleya galericulata (Prescott 1984). In none of these publications has there been any discussion of the reasons for its distinction from T. galericulata. Melville (1952) distinguished T. australis from T. galericulata by: (a) the 'poorly developed' crest on the apex of the operculum in T.
    [Show full text]