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2017 Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania

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2017 Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania A CENSUS OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF TASMANIA, INCLUDING MACQUARIE ISLAND MF de Salas & ML Baker 2017 edition Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Department of State Growth Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2017 A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island. 2017 edition MF de Salas and ML Baker Postal address: Street address: Tasmanian Herbarium College Road PO Box 5058 Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 UTAS LPO Australia Sandy Bay, Tasmania 7005 Australia © Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery Published by the Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery GPO Box 1164 Hobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia www.tmag.tas.gov.au Cite as: de Salas, M.F. and Baker, M.L. (2017) A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island. (Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart) www.tmag.tas.gov.au ISBN 978-1-921599-84-2 (PDF) 2 Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2017 Introduction The classification systems used in this Census largely follow Cronquist (1981) for flowering plants (Angiosperms) and McCarthy (1998) for conifers, ferns and their allies. The same systems are used to arrange the botanical collections of the Tasmanian Herbarium and by the Flora of Australia series published by the Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS). For a more up-to-date classification of the flora, refer to The Flora of Tasmania Online (Duretto 2009+) which currently follows APG II (2003). To determine the families in which genera are placed, refer to Appendix 2 at the end of this document. This census also serves as an index to The Student’s Flora of Tasmania (Curtis 1963, 1967, 1979; Curtis & Morris 1975, 1994). Species accounts can be found in The Student’s Flora of Tasmania by referring to the volume and page number reference that is given in the far right column (e.g. 3:539). Families with accounts completed in the Flora of Tasmania Online (Duretto 2009+) are highlighted at the family entry (e.g. FTO 1). The Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania incorporates every name (including synonyms) used to refer to Tasmanian plants in the major taxonomic publications about Tasmania, and tries to account for every species name attributed to Tasmania, whether erroneously or correctly. Names from the following publications have been included: Jacques-Julien Houtou de Labillardière’s Novae Hollandiae Plantarum Specimen (1804-1807), Robert Brown’s Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae van-Diemen (1810), Joseph Dalton Hooker’s The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage of H. M. Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839 - 1843 Under the Command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross. Part III: Flora Tasmaniae (1855-1859, complete work published in 1860), all volumes of George Bentham’s Flora Australiensis (1863-1878) and Leonard Rodway’s The Tasmanian Flora (1903). In addition, all names used in Cheeseman’s (1919) The Vascular Flora of Macquarie Island have been accounted for in the Macquarie Island section. According to this Census, the Tasmanian flora contains 2719 vascular plants, of which 1918 (70%) are considered native and 801 (30%) have naturalised from elsewhere. Among the native taxa, 530 (28%) are endemic to the State. Thirty-seven of the State’s exotic taxa, are considered sparingly naturalised, and are known only from a small number of populations. Twenty-four native taxa are recognised as extinct, whereas 8 naturalised taxa are considered to have either not persisted in Tasmania or have been eradicated. The sub-antarctic Macquarie Island, considered part of Tasmania, supports 49 species of vascular plants, of which 42 are considered native and 7 naturalised. For some basic statistics on the Tasmanian flora see Tables 1–3. Five new native taxa are recognised in the 2017 edition, three at the rank of subspecies and two at the rank of species (Appendix 1a). The names of several taxa have changed since the previous edition (Appendix 1b), including the recently described Pimelea leiophylla, a new endemic species recognised for the State. Several taxa have had their status changed since the previous edition (Appendix 1c). Twenty- one taxa were previously considered sparingly naturalised and are now considered to be fully naturalised. Cardamine tryssa was previously considered to be extinct in Tasmania, and has been recently re-discovered. Compared to the 2016 Census, this edition contains 79 fewer exotic taxa (Appendix 1d). These were listed in previous editions as sparingly naturalised, but a recent review by Baker et al. (in prep.) has found no conclusive evidence to demonstrate that they have, in fact, ever become naturalised. This review has led to numerous taxa having status changes in the 2017 edition and to the inclusion of a new status of doubtfully naturalised. Finally, the species, Leptecophylla juniperina, is no longer considered to occur in Tasmania. 3 Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2017 Acknowledgments This checklist was developed using BRAHMS (Botanical Research And Herbarium Management System) database management system. The authors would like to thank the BRAHMS team for making possible (and infinitely easier) the publication of an annual up-to-date census. In addition the authors would like to thank the APC (Australian Plant Census) group, whose work brings to our attention a myriad of taxonomic updates we might otherwise miss. We would like to thank Lynette Cave of the Tasmanian Herbarium for her assistance in checking the validity and publication details of numerous taxa. Mark Wapstra (ECOtas) and Wendy Potts (DPIPWE) provided useful comments on drafts of this publication and for these we are grateful. Table 1: Some basic statistics on the status of Tasmanian vascular plants Native Naturalised non-endemic endemic Dicotyledons 1739 799 363 577 Monocotyledons 860 492 150 218 Gymnosperms 15 2 9 4 Pteridophytes 105 95 8 2 TOTAL 2719 1388 530 801 Table 2: Some basic statistics on the status of Macquarie Island vascular plants Native Naturalised non-endemic endemic Dicotyledons 24 20 1 3 Monocotyledons 20 13 3 4 Gymnosperms 0 0 0 0 Pteridophytes 5 5 0 0 Total 49 38 4 7 Table 3: Statistics of Tasmanian and Macquarie Island vascular plant families and genera Tasmanian Tasmanian Macquarie Macquarie families genera Island families Island genera Dicotyledons 109 551 13 19 Monocotyledons 29 241 4 12 Gymnosperms 3 10 0 0 Pteridophytes 26 43 5 5 Total 167 845 22 36 4 Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2017 Symbols used in text: e endemic in Tasmania t within Australia, occurs only in Tasmania x considered by the Tasmanian Herbarium to be extinct or eradicated in Tasmania or Macquarie Island i introduced and naturalised in Tasmania # sparingly naturalised or known from only one or two populations or collections * doubtfully naturalised: collections exist but no evidence exists to establish if a taxon is naturalised in Tasmania n a change since the 2016 edition (see Appendix 1 for summary) no symbol indicates that the taxon is native in Tasmania and the Australian mainland NOTE: The 2017 Census no longer includes information on the listing status of species listed on the Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act 1995, the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, or the Tasmanian Weed Management Act 1999. For this information please refer to current legislation. 5 Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census DICOTYLEDONEAE ACANTHACEAE FTO 120 i Acanthus mollis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 639 (1753) 3:539 ACERACEAE FTO 86 i Acer pseudoplatanus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1054 (1753) AIZOACEAE FTO 101 Aptenia cordifolia (L.f.) Schwantes = Mesembryanthemum cordifolium i # Carpobrotus aequilaterus (Haw.) N.E.Br., J. Bot. 66: 324 (1928) i Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br., Gen. S. Afr. Fl. Pl. 249 (1926) 2:238 Carpobrotus rossii (Haw.) Schwantes, Gartenflora 77: 68 (1928) 2:238 Disphyma australe (Aiton) N.E.Br. sensu Curtis (1963) = Disphyma crassifolium subsp. clavellatum (misapplied in Tasmania) 2:239 Disphyma crassifolium (L.) L.Bolus subsp. clavellatum (Haw.) Chinnock, Fl. S. Austral., ed. 4, 1: 194 (1986) 2:239 i Drosanthemum candens (Haw.) Schwantes, Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 29 (1927) i Galenia pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce var. pubescens, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 624 (1917) 2:241 Galenia secunda (L.f.) Sond. sensu Curtis (1963) = Galenia pubescens var. pubescens (misapplied in Tasmania) 2:241 i Lampranthus glaucus (L.) N.E.Br., Gard. Chron. 87: 212 (1930) 2:240 Mesembryanthemum aequilaterale Haw. sensu Rodway (1903) = Carpobrotus rossii (misapplied in Tasmania) 2:238 Mesembryanthemum australe Sol. sensu Rodway (1903) = Disphyma crassifolium subsp. clavellatum (misapplied in Tasmania) 2:239 i # Mesembryanthemum cordifolium L.f., Suppl. Pl. 260 (1782) i Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 480 (1753) Tetragonia expansa Murray = Tetragonia tetragonoides 2:240 Tetragonia implexicoma (Miq.) Hook.f., Bot. Antarct. Voy. III. (Fl. Tasman.) 1: 148 (1856) 2:241 Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 264 (1891) 2:240 AMARANTHACEAE FTO 98 Alternanthera denticulata R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 417 (1810) 3:568 Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC. sensu Hooker (1860) = Alternanthera denticulata (misapplied in Tasmania) i Amaranthus albus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10: 1268 (1759) i Amaranthus deflexus L., Mant. Pl. 2: 295 (1771) 3:567 n Amaranthus graecizans L. subsp. silvestris (Vill.) Brenan – previously listed as naturalised but insufficient evidence exists to support this Amaranthus hybridus L. sensu Curtis (1967) = Amaranthus powellii (misapplied in Tasmania) 3:566 i Amaranthus powellii S.Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. 10: 347 (1875) 3:566 6 Tasmanian Vascular Plant Census 2017 Amaranthus retroflexus L. sensu Curtis (1967) = Amaranthus powellii (misapplied in Tasmania) 3:566 n Amaranthus spinosus L. – previously listed as naturalised but insufficient evidence exists to support this Hemichroa pentandra R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 409 (1810) 3:576 Ptilotus spathulatus (R.Br.) Poir., Encycl. (Lamarck) Suppl. 4: 620 (1816) 3:567 Trichinium spathulatum R.Br.
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