DOCSLIB.ORG

Hidden Figures No More: Factors That Contribute to Stem

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hidden Figures No More: Factors That Contribute to Stem HIDDEN FIGURES NO MORE: FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO STEM GRADUATE DEGREE ATTAINMENT IN AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN by ANSLEY ALICIA BOOKER A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY IN THE EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP PROGRAM OF TIFT COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AT MERCER UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Atlanta, GA 2018 ©2018 ANSLEY ALICIA BOOKER All Rights Reserved HIDDEN FIGURES NO MORE: FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO STEM GRADUATE DEGREE ATTAINMENT IN AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN by ANSLEY ALICIA BOOKER Approved: Olivia Boggs, Ed.D. Date Dissertation Committee Chair Carol A. Isaac, Ph.D. Date Dissertation Committee Member Sabrina Walthall, Ph.D. Date Dissertation Committee Member Jane West, Ed.D. Date Director of Doctoral Studies, Tift College of Education J. Kevin Jenkins, Ed.D. Date Chair, Educational Leadership Program Keith E. Howard, Ph.D. Date Interim Director of Graduate Studies DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation first and foremost to my Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. Without Him, this would not have been possible. His grace and mercy gave me the ability to persist through this journey and I am forever indebted. To Ms. Shabria Lowe, my sorority sister, who received her physics degree from Georgia Southern University in 2008, post-humorously. My parents, grandparents, great-grandparents, brothers, family, and friends for your tireless commitment to my academic, emotional, and spiritual success. I would also like to dedicate this to the women who have endured hardships in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. To Margret Shutterly your book, Hidden Figures, is an inspiration to this nation and the world. I also dedicate my research to all the Hidden Figures around the world, especially Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson. We are no longer Hidden Figures. Lastly, to my ancestors, I am the hope and the dream of the slave. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank God, who provided the opportunity and fortitude to complete my dissertation. I would like to thank my immediate family for their love, support, prayers, feedback, and encouraging words along the way. To my mother, Linda Booker, thank you for your unconditional love and support through every academic endeavor. To my late father, Gary Booker, thank you for all the questions about my research throughout the years, they were valuable learning tools and really prepared me for my defense. To my two younger brothers Garan and Jameson, I will continue to be the Michael to your Lebron and Kyrie. I would like to express my sincere gratitude for Dr. Olivia Boggs! You are the absolute best. I thank you for your encouraging words, for believing in me, and for always putting a smile on my face. We have a bond that goes far beyond Mercer University. Without you, this journey would not be possible. I am eternally grateful for your sacrifice and allowing me to serve as one of your doctoral candidates. You have truly been a beacon of hope for me since our first encounter in 2014. Thank you for allowing me to express myself and for believing in not only me but also my classmates. You are truly a champion of higher education. I would also like to thank Dr. Carol Iaasc. Your constructive feedback, high expectations, and attention to detail are greatly appreciated and have been instrumental throughout this journey. I will forever cherish all your encouragement and web v conference calls. To Dr. Sabrina Walthall, thank you for serving on my committee. I greatly appreciate your expertise and wealth of knowledge. Your commitment to my professional success and Real Impact is my reason for striving for STEM equality. You are more than a mentor to me. I would also like to acknowledge all my Cohort 9 members who have encouraged me throughout this journey, especially Dr. Holly Brookins, Christian Wells, and Peter Bryant. My friendship with each of you is life-long and precious. Your encouragement, support, and professional advice were motivational tools throughout this process. I would like to thank my church family, friends, and wolf pack for their continued support, prayers, and housing through this process. I could not have done it without you. To my TRIO work family, thank you for never giving up on me. To the SAEOPP/ GASPP/ TRIO professional scholarships for helping to financially support my research. Thank you to the Golden Key International Honour Society for the research travel grant to present in beautiful South Africa. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... xii ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 Statement of the Problem .................................................................................. 5 Background of the Problem .............................................................................. 7 Gender-Based Poverty .......................................................................... 8 Academic Unpreparedness of Minorities.............................................. 9 Gender Gap in STEM Fields............................................................... 10 Underrepresented Minorities .............................................................. 11 Recruitment and Retention Strategies ............................................................. 13 Research Questions ......................................................................................... 15 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................... 15 Tinto's (1993) Theory of Doctoral Student Persistence ...................... 15 Social Cognitive Career Theory.......................................................... 16 Significance of the Study ................................................................................ 18 Procedures ....................................................................................................... 18 Limitations and Delimitations ......................................................................... 20 Definitions of Terms ....................................................................................... 21 Summary ......................................................................................................... 21 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................... 23 Hidden Figures ................................................................................................ 23 Historical Context (Case Law and Legislation Review)................................. 27 Interest Convergence .......................................................................... 29 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) CHAPTER Page Affirmative Action .............................................................................. 30 Historically Black Colleges and Universities ................................................. 35 STEM Education Retention Decline ............................................................... 36 STEM Career Reform ..................................................................................... 40 Negative Outcomes ......................................................................................... 43 Lower Income Expectancy ................................................................. 43 Gender Pay Gap .................................................................................. 44 Bias ..................................................................................................... 46 “Chilly” STEM Environment and Glass Obstacle Course ................. 49 Sex-Based Harassment........................................................................ 50 Social Isolations .................................................................................. 51 Stereotypes .......................................................................................... 52 Violations of Affirmative Action and Title IX Policies ...................... 53 Barriers to STEM Success .............................................................................. 55 Kindergarten-12 ........................................................................................ 55 Postsecondary ........................................................................................... 56 Graduate and Career ................................................................................. 57 Factors that Decrease STEM Persistence ....................................................... 59 Lack of Science Identity ..................................................................... 60 STEM Catalysts .................................................................................. 60 Self-Efficacy and Science Identity ...................................................... 64 Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hidden Figures 2
    A TEACHER’S GUIDE TO HarperAcademic.com A TEACHER’S GUIDE TO MARGOT LEE SHETTERLY’S HIDDEN FIGURES 2 Contents About the Book 3 About the Author 3 Discussion Questions 3 Chapter 1: A Door Opens 3 Chapter 2: Mobilization 3 Chapter 3: Past Is Prologue 3 Chapter 4: The Double V 4 Chapter 5: Manifest Destiny 4 Chapter 6: War Birds 4 Chapter 7: The Duration 4 Chapter 8: Those Who Move Forward 4 Chapter 9: Breaking Barriers 4 Chapter 10: Home by the Sea 5 Chapter 11: The Area Rule 5 Chapter 12: Serendipity 5 Chapter 13: Turbulence 5 Chapter 14: Angle of Attack 5 Chapter 15: Young, Gifted, and Black 6 Chapter 16: What a Difference a Day Makes 6 Chapter 17: Outer Space 6 Chapter 18: With All Deliberate Speed 6 Chapter 19: Model Behavior 6 Chapter 20: Degrees of Freedom 6 Chapter 21: Out of the Past, the Future 7 Chapter 22: America is for Everybody 7 Chapter 23: To Boldly Go 7 Writing Prompts 7 A TEACHER’S GUIDE TO MARGOT LEE SHETTERLY’S HIDDEN FIGURES 3 About the Book Katherine Goble (later, Johnson), ever-confident in her mathematical ability and intellect, told her bosses at Langley, “Tell me where you want the man to land, and I’ll tell you where to send him up.” The man in question: an astronaut; the context: the space race that overtook the imagination of a generation; some of the main players who helped achieve some of NASA’s greatest achieve- ments: a group of African American women mathematicians.
    [Show full text]
  • The Untold Story of NASA's Trailblazers
    FILM REVIEW The Untold Story of the context of early-1960s NASA space-race. It beautifully balances the strong drive NASA NASA’s Trailblazers scientists had for pushing the US space pro- Hidden Figures sheds light on the gram with the stinging reality of racist dis- crimination in Jim Crow’s America. The harsh contributions of black women to the reality and legacy of slavery, and the contin- ued marginalization of people of color, led to US Space Race a complex social order that made it extremely difficult for black Americans to succeed pro- Caitlin M Casey fessionally, much less in highly sought-after technical positions in the government. On top Directed by: Theodore Melfi Screenplay: Allison Schroeder and of the challenges brought on by racial discrim- Theodore Melfi ination, the heroes of this story – Katherine Based on the book by: Margot Lee Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson Shetterly – were at the intersection of gender and racial backlash, dealing with both racism and sex- ism, yet persevered to become driving forces behind the success of the US space program. “I changed what I could, and what I couldn’t As pioneering women of color, their influence I endured.” – Dorothy Vaughan, NASA math- shaped a generation of research at NASA Lan- ematician and computer programmer gley Research Center. Yet their marginalized social standing remained a major impediment Scientists pride themselves in their ability to to their recognition until recently. reason objectively, far from the human emo- tions that govern their personal lives. Yet, of- Hidden Figures is set in 1961 Hampton, Vir- ten even when we are presented with evidence ginia, centered around the life of Katherine to the contrary, we fail to acknowledge the Johnson, played by Taraji P Henson, a young strong force of social power in science itself.
    [Show full text]
  • The Struggles Against Multiple Discrimination in Hidden Figures
    PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THE STRUGGLES AGAINST MULTIPLE DISCRIMINATION IN HIDDEN FIGURES AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Satra in English Letters By BERTHA ULI FRANSISKA PASARIBU Student Number: 154214120 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2019 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THE STRUGGLES AGAINST MULTIPLE DISCRIMINATION IN HIDDEN FIGURES AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Satra in English Letters By BERTHA ULI FRANSISKA PASARIBU Student Number: 154214120 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2019 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text of the undergraduate thesis. July 16, 2019 Bertha Uli Fransiska Pasaribu v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma Nama : Bertha Uli Fransiska Pasaribu Nomor Mahasiswa
    [Show full text]
  • Hidden Figures Review Stanton Pruitt Harding University, [email protected]
    Tenor of Our Times Volume 8 Article 7 2019 Hidden Figures Review Stanton Pruitt Harding University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.harding.edu/tenor Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Pruitt, Stanton ( 2019) "Hidden Figures Review," Tenor of Our Times: Vol. 8, Article 7. Available at: https://scholarworks.harding.edu/tenor/vol8/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Footer Logo Arts & Humanities at Scholar Works at Harding. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tenor of Our Times by an authorized editor of Scholar Works at Harding. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HIDDEN FIGURES REVIEW By Stanton Pruitt “Every time we have a chance to move ahead, they move the finish line.” Hidden Figures, directed by Theodore Melfi, is a bio-drama about three courageous African-American women breaking social barriers in the dynamic field of space travel in the 1960s. It is loosely based off the book, Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race, by Margot Lee Shetterly. It is a heartwarming, albeit predictable, celebration of genius, individualism, and courage. Melfi and Allison Schroede adapted the book into a screenplay that takes some considerable liberties with the source material. The message of the movie is conveyed with force, however, despite some historical inaccuracies and narrative flaws. Melfi invites us to a world that has very different animosities than what we struggle with today. The conflict in this time period is fascinating.
    [Show full text]
  • Hidden Figures: When Computers Wore Skirts Resources
    Hidden Figures When Computers Wore Skirts Internet Resources From Hidden to Modern Figures (https://www.nasa.gov/modernfigures) “They not only have the right stuff…they represent the full tapestry of America,” said NASA Administrator Bolden, introducing the 2013 astronaut candidates. “These next generation of explorers will be among those who plan and carry out the first human missions to an asteroid or on to Mars. Their journey begins now, and the nation will be right beside them reaching for the stars.” Hidden Figures is a movie based on actual events. While the movie dramatizes some aspects, it is true to the struggles of the women at the center of the story. The victories for racial and gender rights were not achieved easily or quickly, and our work is not done. Today, NASA strives to make sure their legacy of inclusion and excellence lives on. As seen in the movie Hidden Figures, NASA has a long-standing cultural commitment to excellence that is largely driven by data, including data about our people. And our data shows progress is driven by questioning our assumptions and cultural prejudices – by embracing and nurturing all the talent we have available, regardless of gender, race or other protected status, to build a workforce as diverse as its mission. This is how we, as a nation, will take the next giant leap in exploration. As a world leader in science, aeronautics, space exploration and technology, NASA has a diverse mission that demands talent from every corner of America, and every walk of life. With the human computers portrayed in Hidden Figures, NASA began leading the way in building a workforce as diverse as its mission – a workforce that will use the International Space Station to help put humans on Mars; make exciting discoveries about our universe; carry out research that will create greener, safer, quieter and faster air travel; monitor the health of our home planet; and develop cutting-edge technologies to explore our solar system and improve life on Earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Hidden Figures Dorothy Vaughan, Mary Jackson, Katherine Johnson
    Hidden Figures Dorothy Vaughan, Mary Jackson, Katherine Johnson, and Christine Darden were good at math. Really good. In 1943, the United States was at war: World War II. Dorothy Vaughan wanted to serve her country by working for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the government agency that designed airplanes. Having the best airplanes would help America win the war. Making airplanes fly faster and higher and safer meant doing lots of tests at the agency’s Langley Laboratory in Hampton, Virginia. Tests meant numbers, numbers meant math, and math meant computers. Today we think of computers as machines, but in the 1940s, computers were actual people like Dorothy, Mary, Katherine and Christine. Their job was to do math. Because Dorothy was black and a woman, some people thought it would be impossible for her to get a job as a computer. She lived in Virginia, a southern state, where laws segregated, or kept apart black people and white people. They could not eat in the same restaurants. They could not drink from the same water fountains. They could not use the same restrooms. They could not attend the same schools. They could not play on the same sports teams. They could not sit near each other in movie theaters. They could not marry someone of a different race. But Dorothy didn’t think it was impossible. She was good at math. Really good. She knew she was the right person for the job. She applied, and the laboratory offered her a position as a computer. At work, blacks and whites were kept apart.
    [Show full text]
  • Legacy Context Thesis Breaking Barriers
    Katherine Johnson: NASA’s Assiduous Pioneer The Cold War between the Soviet Union and United States introduced a new competition in the Space Race. In the search for the most brilliant minds of CONTEXT THESIS LEGACY the country, NASA opened jobs for people of all color. However, Jim Crow Laws still had to be followed. As this situation transpired, Katherine Johnson found a posting and applied for a job at Langley, NASA. Her calculations that landed two astronauts on the moon concluded the Space The Cold War left the United States and the Soviet Union competing in the Space Race. Through her successful work at NASA, she has many achievements and Race. This led to NASA searching for the most brilliant minds of the country, accolades. An admired book and movie highlighting her journey called “Hidden extending jobs to people of color. While Jim Crow Laws were still enacted Figures,” exposed the true position that women played in the past at NASA. This people of color started applying to NASA. Due to the outcry for civil rights, Katherine Johnson’s academic success and persistence inspired the creation of the street, “Hidden Figures Way” that NASA now sits women working became much more common. However, women were still not broke the sexist and racist barriers during her career at upon. In 2015, Johnson was awarded the Medal Of Freedom from President treated the same as their male counterparts. NASA. Obama which is the Nation’s highest civilian award. Most importantly, she has inspired a new generation of women, along with minorities who aspire to one day “As the country prepared itself for War, major changes work in the space industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Living up to Our Ideals and Aspirations
    Living up to Our Ideals and Aspirations RESET extends its condolences to the families of George Floyd, Rayshard Brooks, Breonna Taylor and the many others lost to systemic racist practices by police, and to those whose humanity has been disrespected by law enforcement because of the color of their skin. Racist policing will not end until all Americans acknowledge the need for fundamental reforms that provide equal justice under law, raise opportunity, engender respect and promote the end of institutional racism. Despite changes in the Constitution and its interpretation, enactment of Civil Right Laws in the 1950s and 60s, and the election of Barack Obama as our first Black President, America remains dystopian for Black, Indigenous and People of Color. It is shamefully apparent that our attempts to bolster civil rights are still failing to align our practices with the high ideals expressed in our fundamental documents. The spiraling cycle of deaths and injuries of unarmed Black men and women during arrests have repulsed the nation and shattered the myth that we are a post-racial society. As in the murder of George Floyd , private citizens’ videos can play a critical role in exposing police brutality and, hopefully, laying the basis for accountability. Widely viewed images of ongoing systemic racist policing are now driving reforms across the country. RESET adds its voice to the peaceful demands for immediate reforms, not only in systemic racist policing but in eliminating biases that infect every step in the judicial process. Disparities in surveillance, profiling, arrests, legal representation, ability to make bond, sentencing and parole that disproportionately affect the viability of Black families and undermine job opportunity must be corrected.
    [Show full text]
  • Hidden Figures Reviewed by Fern Y
    FILM REVIEW Hidden Figures Reviewed by Fern Y. Hunt Editor’s Note: At the Joint Mathematics Meetings in Atlanta in January, a panel was held about the movie Hidden Figures. Featured on the panel was the author of the book Hidden Figures, Margot Lee Shetterley, as well as one of the women profiled in her book, Christine Darden. The article “Spotlight Shines on Hidden Figures at JMM,” by Alexandra Branscombe, appeared in the February/March 2017 issue of MAA FOCUS. Hidden Figures name, few knew that dozens of black women worked as Twentieth Century Fox Films, 2016 human computers, computer scientists, engineers, and Director: Theodore Melfi mathematicians at the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Screenplay by: Allison Schroeder and Theodore Melfi Laboratory, the principal federal government institution Based on the book by Margot Lee Shetterly tasked with the development and testing of aircraft. Later, Langley became the command center for NASA’s human Ask an American of a certain age when America was space flight program. During this time many of these great and many if not most would point to the years women made significant technical contributions while 1940–1965. In 1940, unprepared and still shaken by experiencing and overcoming the dual humiliations of sex depression, our country waged total war against fascism discrimination and racial segregation. and emerged confident and dominant both economically The movie portrays three of these extraordinary people: and technologically. The airplanes of WWII, the missiles and Dorothy Vaughan, the supervisor of the pool of “colored” rockets of the postwar human computers in the West Building; Mary Jackson, who period, and the broke the colored glass ceiling and achieved professional development of space The movie flight culminating status as an engineer; and Katherine Johnson, the math- deftly captures in the landing of ematician whose orbital calculations at a critical point in American astronauts John Glenn’s Friendship 7 flight are the dramatic focus the emotional on the moon in 1969 of the movie.
    [Show full text]
  • Shoot for the Moom
    Shoot for the Moon Preacher: Rev. Lauren Lorincz Date: January 15, 2017 13:47 "Shoot for the Moon" Pilgrim Church UCC, January 15, 2017, Second Sunday after Epiphany/ MLK Day (John 1:29-42) There’s a wonderful movie that you must go see—Hidden Figures. It’s based on a true story about African American women who worked at NASA and helped the United States space program continue to advance during the time of the space race with the Russians. Katherine Johnson was a brilliant mathematician and her colleagues Dorothy Vaughan and Mary Jackson (as well as other African American women) worked largely hidden away in the segregated West Area division of Langley Research Center in Virginia. Yet these women through brilliance and tenacity and even forcing their NASA co-workers to confront systemic racism helped our country in significant ways. The movie focuses on their roles in helping John Glenn become the first American astronaut to make a complete orbit of the earth. There’s so many poignant scenes in Hidden Figures. Though one concerned Mary Jackson who wanted to become an engineer. Mary (who was already a mathematician) began to work with engineer Kazimierz Czarnecki in the 4-foot by 4-foot Supersonic Pressure Tunnel—a wind tunnel capable of blasting models of the space craft with winds that approached twice the speed of sound. NASA scientists had to be sure that once astronauts were up in space they could safely land on earth and the heat shield would withstand the heat and wind of re-entry.
    [Show full text]
  • Hidden Figures Is the Incredible Untold Story of Katherine Johnson (Taraji P
    BACKGROUND Hidden Figures is the incredible untold story of Katherine Johnson (Taraji P. Henson), Dorothy Vaughn (Octavia Spencer) and Mary Jackson (Janelle Monae)—brilliant African-American women working at NASA, who served as the brains behind one of the greatest operations in history: the launch of astronaut John Glenn into orbit, a stunning achievement that restored the nation’s confidence, turned around the Space Race, and galvanized the world. The visionary trio crossed all gender and race lines to inspire generations to dream big. WHAT THE CRITICS SAY ‘The genius of Theodore Melfi’s film is not in the originality of the script – as far as prestige pictures go, its dramatic and comedic beats are easy to anticipate – but in the novelty of the story and the liveliness of the performances. Each leading lady gets her own arc, though we mostly stick with Katherine, a brilliant mathematician and mother of three with excellent cat-eye glasses, who must brush off everyday office racism in order to prove herself to her stern but otherwise tolerant boss Al Harrison (Kevin Costner). This is Henson’s film, though the supporting cast are uniformly excellent, in particular Moonlight’s Mahershala Ali as Katherine’s dashing love interest, a gentle, serious man impressed and only a little intimidated by her intelligence’ Simran Hans ‘Watching this particular story unfurl on the big screen, it’s hard not to think of how many more movies and books could be made about women like Katherine Johnson—talented women shut out of promotions and meetings and elite programs and institutions and, thus history, because they weren’t white.
    [Show full text]
  • Grade 7 ELA Remote Learning Assignments Week 2: March 30Th Through April 3Rd This Week We Are Launching a New ELA Unit Entitled: “Resilience and Success”
    Grade 7 ELA Remote Learning Assignments Week 2: March 30th through April 3rd This week we are launching a new ELA unit entitled: “Resilience and Success”. For each day’s work be sure to continue to use all the strategies that you have learned thus far! If you do not have a printed copy of the passages, be sure to annotate the text on a piece of paper and also include a main idea for each passage. Reach out to your teacher if you have questions. DAY ASSIGNMENT LINKS Monday Part I: Read the following passage Part I and only complete multiple-choice ● CommonLit - “The Women 3/30/2020 questions 1 - 4: of Hidden Figures” ● Click here to submit your 1. “The Women of Hidden answers on Illuminate. Figures” Part II ● Click here to read an article Part II: Log into NewsELA through on newsela.com your Clever account and read one ​ ​ article of your choice and complete the accompanying multiple-choice questions Tuesday Part I: Re-read the following passage Part I and complete the short response ● Common Lit - “The Women 3/31/2020 question found after the multiple of Hidden Figures” choice: ● Submit your short-response on Google Classroom 1. “The Women of Hidden ❖ Bronx Campus Figures” ➢ Code: p536xdm ❖ LES Campus Part II: Log into NewsELA through ➢ Code: your Clever account and read one ​ ​ kwgb7tg article of your choice and complete the accompanying multiple-choice Part II questions ● Click here to read an article on newsela.com Wednesday Part I: Read the following passage Part I and only complete multiple-choice 4/1/2020 questions 1 - 4: ● “When Women Stopped Coding” 2.
    [Show full text]