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The Struggles Against Multiple Discrimination in Hidden Figures PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THE STRUGGLES AGAINST MULTIPLE DISCRIMINATION IN HIDDEN FIGURES AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Satra in English Letters By BERTHA ULI FRANSISKA PASARIBU Student Number: 154214120 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2019 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THE STRUGGLES AGAINST MULTIPLE DISCRIMINATION IN HIDDEN FIGURES AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Satra in English Letters By BERTHA ULI FRANSISKA PASARIBU Student Number: 154214120 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2019 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI iv PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY I certify that this undergraduate thesis contains no material which has been previously submitted for the award of any other degree at any university, and that, to the best of my knowledge, this undergraduate thesis contains no material previously written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text of the undergraduate thesis. July 16, 2019 Bertha Uli Fransiska Pasaribu v PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma Nama : Bertha Uli Fransiska Pasaribu Nomor Mahasiswa : 154214120 Demi mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul THE STRUGGLES AGAINST MULTIPLE DISCRIMINATION IN HIDDEN FIGURES Beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, mengalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin kepada saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal 16 Juli 2019 Yang menyatakan, Bertha Uli Fransiska Pasaribu vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI “Jail nasval, azin naksor.” – Suryo vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Dedicated toPak Yos. viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to God Almighty for giving me courage and opportunity. Without His blessings and guidances, I would not be able to finish this final thesis. I am also enormously grateful for my thesis advisor, Paulus Sarwoto, S.S, M.A, Ph.D. for his continuous motivation, patience, advice, and immense knowledge. His guidances helped me in the process of completing this thesis. My gratitude also goes to my co-advisor, Elisabeth Oseanita Pukan, S.S., M.A. for the constructive and helpful advices and criticism. I would like to send my gratitude to my Academic Advisor Dr. B. Ria Lestari, M.Sc., my former Academic Advisor F. X. Risang Baskara, M. Hum., and all the lecturers in English Letters Department for the precious knowledge and wisdom. I am also truly and forever grateful to my parents who made this all become possible, for being supportive parents from the beginning. I would also thank my other family members Ampian, Pindus, and Chriscação. My gratitude alsogoes to my best friends Oriza, Vita, Sita, Yudea, Ayu, and Denilson for always being there through the ups and downs. They helped me making this life become more bearable. Last but not least, I would like to thank all of the inhabitans of bringin Soekarno (including the animals and trees) for providing me such a peaceful area and pushing me to finish this thesis. Bertha Uli Fransiska Pasaribu ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE OF PAGE ........................................................................................ ii APPROVAL PAGE ................................................................................... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE .............................................................................. iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ........................................................... v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ................................................................... vi MOTTO PAGE ......................................................................................... vii DEDICATION PAGE .............................................................................. viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................ ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................ x ABSTRACT ................................................................................................ xii ABSTRAK ................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 1 A. Background of the Study ................................................................. 1 B. Problem Formulations ...................................................................... 4 C. Objectives of the Study .................................................................... 4 D. Definition of Terms .......................................................................... 5 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................... 7 A. Review of Related Studies ................................................................ 7 B. Review of Related Theories ............................................................ 15 1. Theory of Character and Characterization ............................... 15 2. Black Feminism Theory ........................................................... 17 C. Theoretical Framework ................................................................... 21 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ......................................................... 23 A. Object of the Study ......................................................................... 23 B. Approach of the Study .................................................................... 23 C. Method of the Study ........................................................................ 24 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ...................................................................... 26 A. The Charateristics of the Main Characters ...................................... 26 1. The Characteristics of Katherine Goble. ............................... 26 2. The Characteristics of Dorothy Vaughan .............................. 31 3. The Characteristics of Mary Jackson..................................... 35 B. The Discriminations Experienced by the Main Characters Hidden Figures movie ................................................... 40 1. Domestic Discrimination of Black Men toward x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI Black Women ............................................................................ 39 2. Institutionalized Discrimination ................................................ 42 a. White Men toward Black Women ...................................... 43 b. White Women toward Black Women ................................. 48 C. The Struggles of the Main Characters as Black Women against Multiple Discrimination in Hidden Figures Movie ........................ 52 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ................................................................. 60 REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 64 xi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT PASARIBU, BERTHA. (2019). The Struggles against Multiple Discrimination in Hidden Figures Movie. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Hidden Figures movie presents how black women live under discriminations in the United States in Jim Crow laws era. This thesis aims to reveal the struggles against multiple discrimination in their family (house) and their workplace at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). However, black feminism as the approach and theory of this thesis argues that discriminations can be fought and equality can be accomplished through optimism and hard work. This thesis tries to answer three reseach questions. First, this thesis aims to reveal the characteristics of each main characters in Hidden Figures movie. Second, this thesis aims to analyze the multiple discrimination presented in Hidden Figures movie which are experienced by the main characters. Third, this thesis aims to reveal the struggles of the main characters against the multiple discrimination presented in Hidden Figures movie. In order to answer the three research questions, this thesis applied two theories. First is the theory of character and characterizations by Abrams (1981) and another theory is black feminism theory by bell hooks (2015, 1984). The script of Hidden Figures movie is chosen as the object of this thesis to be scrutinized and analyzed. Based on the data analysis, Hidden Figures movie shows that African- American women have good personalities to support their struggles against the multiple discriminations. The discriminations are categorized as domestic discrimination which is done
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