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Inventario De Flora Y Fauna En El CBIMA (12.6

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Inventario De Flora Y Fauna En El CBIMA (12.6 ii CRÉDITOS Comité Directivo José Vicente Troya Rodríguez Representante Residente del PNUD en Costa Rica Kryssia Brade Representante Residente Adjunta del PNUD en Costa Rica Coordinado por Miriam Miranda Quirós Coordinadora del proyecto Paisajes Productivos-PNUD Consultores que trabajaron en la realización del estudio José Esteban Jiménez, estudio de plantas vasculares Federico Oviedo Brenes, estudio de plantas vasculares Fabián Araya Yannarella, estudio de hongos Víctor J. Acosta-Chaves, estudios de aves, de anfibios y de reptiles Susana Gutiérrez Acuña, estudio de mamíferos Revisado por el comité editorial PNUD Rafaella Sánchez Ingrid Hernández Jose Daniel Estrada Diseño y diagramación Marvin Rojas San José, Costa Rica, 2019 iii RESUMEN EJECUTIVO El conocimiento sobre la diversidad 84 especies esperadas, 21 especies de biológica que habita los ecosistemas anfibios y 84 especies de reptiles. naturales, tanto boscosos como no boscosos, así como en áreas rurales y La diversidad acá presentada, con urbanas, es la línea base fundamental excepción de los hongos, es entre 100 y para establecer un manejo y una gestión 250% mayor respecto al estudio similar adecuadas sobre la protección, efectuado en el 2001 (FUNDENA 2001). conservación y uso sostenible de los La cantidad de especies sensibles es recursos naturales. En el Corredor baja para cada grupo de organismos Biológico Interurbano Maria Aguilar se respecto al total. El CBIMA posee una encontró un total de 765 especies de gran cantidad de especies de plantas plantas vasculares, (74.9% son nativas nativas con alto potencial para restaurar de Costa Rica y crecen naturalmente en espacios físicos degradados y para el CBIMA, un 3.5% son nativas de Costa utilizar como ornamentales. De las 573 Rica pero que no crecen naturalmente en especies de plantas encontradas en este el CBIMA, un 0.5% son endémicas de estudio se proponen 100 especies que Costa Rica y un 21.1% son exóticas), 38 consideramos indispensables para su especies de hongos, una lista observada reproducción y futura utilización de las de 109 especies de aves y una lista final mismas en diversos proyectos de especies reportadas de 308 especies, ambientales. 28 especies registradas de mamíferos y iv TABLA DE CONTENIDOS LISTA DE CUADROS _____________________________________________________ V LISTA DE FIGURAS ___________________________________________________ VIII LISTA DE APÉNDICES __________________________________________________ XII 1. CORREDOR BIOLÓGICO INTERURBANO MARÍA AGUILAR _________________________ 1 1.1. Aspectos biofísicos ______________________________________________ 1 1.2. Plan de trabajo general ___________________________________________ 4 1.3. LITERATURA CITADA _______________________________________________ 5 CAPÍTULO 1. PLANTAS VASCULARES ____________________________________ 3 RESUMEN ___________________________________________________________ 7 INTRODUCCIÓN ________________________________________________________ 8 2. METODOLOGÍA ______________________________________________________ 9 2.1. Recolección de datos ____________________________________________ 9 2.2. Análisis de datos _______________________________________________ 11 3. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ____________________________________________ 12 3.1. Inventario florístico _____________________________________________ 12 3.2. Especies sensibles _____________________________________________ 20 3.3. Diversidad florística de los años 2001 y 2018 _________________________ 25 4. RECOMENDACIONES SOBRE EL INVENTARIO DE PLANTAS _______________________ 26 5. LITERATURA CITADA _________________________________________________ 27 CAPÍTULO 2. HONGOS ________________________________________________ 51 RESUMEN __________________________________________________________ 52 1. INTRODUCCIÓN _____________________________________________________ 53 2. METODOLOGÍA _____________________________________________________ 54 2.1. Recolección de datos ___________________________________________ 54 2.2. Análisis de datos _______________________________________________ 56 3. RESULTADOS ______________________________________________________ 57 3.1. Inventario de Hongos ___________________________________________ 57 3.2. Listado de los elementos sensibles _________________________________ 65 3.3. COMPARACIÓN DIVERSIDAD ENTRE EL 2001 Y 2018 _________________________ 69 4. RECOMENDACIONES SOBRE EL INVENTARIO DE HONGOS _______________________ 73 5. LITERATURA CITADA _________________________________________________ 74 ii CAPÍTULO 3. AVES ___________________________________________________ 78 RESUMEN __________________________________________________________ 79 1. INTRODUCCIÓN _____________________________________________________ 80 2. METODOLOGÍA _____________________________________________________ 81 2.1. Generación de la lista de especies _________________________________ 81 2.1.1. Muestreo de campo _________________________________________ 81 2.1.2. Base de datos de ciencia ciudadana eBird ________________________ 82 2.2. Análisis de datos _______________________________________________ 82 2.2.1. Análisis de conglomerados ____________________________________ 82 2.2.2. Estatus migratorio, hábitat y estado de conservación _______________ 82 3. RESULTADOS ______________________________________________________ 84 3.1. Riqueza de especies ____________________________________________ 84 3.2. Análisis de similitud _____________________________________________ 91 3.3. Especies sensibles (estatus de conservación) ________________________ 91 4. DISCUSIÓN, CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES ___________________________ 93 4.1. Composición de la avifauna ______________________________________ 93 4.2. Especies en peligro y amenazas para su conservación _________________ 94 5. LITERATURA CITADA _________________________________________________ 99 CAPÍTULO 4. MAMÍFEROS ____________________________________________132 RESUMEN _________________________________________________________133 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ____________________________________________________134 2. METODOLOGÍA ____________________________________________________135 2.1. Toma de datos ________________________________________________135 2.1.1. Cámaras trampa ___________________________________________135 2.1.2. Observación directa y rastros _________________________________137 2.1.3. Redes de niebla ___________________________________________135 2.1.4. Atropellos ________________________________________________135 2.1.5. Encuestas ________________________________________________138 2.1.6. Consultas electrónicas ______________________________________138 2.2. Análisis de datos ______________________________________________138 2.2.1. Listado de especies esperadas _______________________________138 2.2.2. Listado general de especies __________________________________138 2.2.3. Listado de especies con estatus de conservación _________________139 3. RESULTADOS _____________________________________________________139 4. RECOMENDACIONES ________________________________________________150 iii 5. LITERATURA CITADA ________________________________________________151 CAPÍTULO 5. REPTILES Y ANFIBIOS ___________________________________153 RESUMEN _________________________________________________________153 1. INTRODUCCIÓN ____________________________________________________155 2. METODOLOGÍA ____________________________________________________156 2.1. Generación de la lista de especies ________________________________156 2.2 Trabajo de campo ______________________________________________156 2.2.2. Revisión de colecciones _____________________________________157 2.2.3. Revisión de literatura y consultas electrónicas ____________________157 2.3. Análisis de datos ______________________________________________158 2.3.1. Análisis de similitud. ________________________________________158 2.3.2. Estatus de conservación _____________________________________158 3. Resultados ____________________________________________________159 3.1. Anfibios _____________________________________________________159 3.2. Reptiles _____________________________________________________164 4. DISCUSIÓN, CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES __________________________174 4.1. Riqueza de especies ___________________________________________174 4.2. Especies en peligro y amenazas para su conservación ________________176 4.3. Limitaciones del análisis ________________________________________178 5. LITERATURA CITADA ________________________________________________179 CAPÍTULO 6. PROPUESTA LISTADO DE PLANTAS NATIVAS _______________181 iv LISTA DE CUADROS Cuadro 1.Especies de plantas exóticas y naturalizadas presentes en el CBIMA, Valle Central de Costa Rica. Hábito (Háb.): A= Árbol, Ar= Arbusto, H= Hierba, B= Bejuco. Forma de Vida (F.V.): T= Terrestre, E= Epífita. ____________________ 15 Cuadro 2.Diversidad florística (número de especies) encontrada en el Sector Oeste (Mayor Densidad Poblacional), Sector Este (Menor Densidad Poblacional) y las compartidas en el CBIMA, Valle Central de Costa Rica. ____________________ 20 Cuadro 3. Especies de plantas sensibles encontradas en el Corredor Biológico Interurbano María Aguilar, Valle Central de Costa Rica. ____________________ 21 Cuadro 4. Comparación de la diversidad florística y los elementos sensibles registrados en el CBIMA en el año 2001 y el presente año 2018, Valle Central de Costa Rica. _______________________________________________________ 26 Cuadro 5 Hongos registrados en el CBIMA, Valle Central de Costa Rica. Este cuadro presenta la
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