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Polen De Zingiberales De Humedales Rioplatenses Y Selvas Subtropicales Del NE De La Argentina

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Polen De Zingiberales De Humedales Rioplatenses Y Selvas Subtropicales Del NE De La Argentina ARTICULOS Botanica Complutensis ISSN: 1131-588X EDICIONES COMPLUTENSE http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/BCOM.53207 Polen de Zingiberales de humedales rioplatenses y selvas subtropicales del NE de la Argentina Lilian Mónica Pasarelli*, Ana Clara Dedominici y Cristina Hilda Rolleri1 Recibido: 7 octubre 2015 / Aceptado: 16 noviembre 2015 Resumen. Se presenta un estudio, efectuado con microscopía de luz y electrónica de barrido, de la morfología del polen de representantes nativos, naturalizados y cultivados de Zingiberales, que crecen en humedales riopla- tenses y selvas subtropicales del NE de la Argentina. Las especies analizadas son Canna glauca y C. índica (Can- naceae), Heliconia psittacorum, H. brasiliensis y H. rostrata (Heliconiaceae), Thalia geniculata y Maranta leu- coneura (Marantaceae), Musa acuminata × balbisiana y M. × paradisiaca (Musaceae), Strelitzia nicolai y S. reginae (Strelitziaceae), Alpinia zerumbet, Hedychium coronarium y H. gardnerianum (Zingiberaceae). Se en- contraron granos esferoidales, oblados, apolares y heteropolares, inaberturados, con exinas delgadas e intinas gruesas con dos capas. Los tipos de ornamentación hallados son: equinados, típicos o micro-equinados, de Can- naceae, Heliconiaceae y algunas Zingiberaceae, muriformes, típicos o micro-muriformes (rugados, rugulados, areolados) y lisos, presentes en Musaceae, Strelitziaceae y Zingiberaceae. El polen de Thalia geniculata, los gra- nos rugados de Musaceae y los areolados de Strelitziaceae se describen por primera vez, y se analizan rasgos, co- mo las hebras de elastina y el polenkit, que aportan caracteres actualizados para el conocimiento de los taxones seleccionados, poco difundidos desde el punto de vista palinológico. Palabras clave: polen; Canna; Heliconia; Thalia; Maranta; Musa; Hedychium; Argentina. [en] Pollen of Zingiberales from the Rio de la Plata wetlands and subtropical rainforests of northeastern Argentina Abstract. A study of the morphology of the pollen of native, naturalized, and cultivated representatives of Zingiberales growing in the Río de La Plata wetlands, and Northeastern subtropical rainforests of the Argentina, was performed with light and electron microscopy. The analyzed species were C. glauca and C. indica (Cannaceae), Heliconia psittacorum, H. brasiliensis and H. rostrata (Heliconiaceae), Thalia geniculata and Maranta leuconeura (Marantaceae), Musa acuminata × balbisiana y M. × paradisiaca (Musaceae), Strelitzia nicolai and S. reginae (Strelitziaceae), Alpinia zerumbet, Hedychium coronarium and H. gardnerianum (Zingiberaceae). Spheroid, oblate, apolar and heteropolar, inaperturate grains were found, with thin exines, and thicker, two-layered intines. The ornamentation types were echinate, typical and micro-echinate, found in Cannaceae, Heliconiaceae, and some Zingiberaceae, muriforme types (rugate, rugulate, and areolate), and smooth or psilate exine surface ornamentations, present in Musaceae, Strelitziaceae and Zingiberaceae. Thalia geniculata smooth grains, Musaceae rugate grains, and Strelitziaceae areolate grains are described here by the first time. Other traits were analyzed, such as the presence of elastine threads and pollenkitt. All these characters contribute to an update of the knowledge of these selected taxa, scarcely known from a palynological point of view. Keywords: pollen; Canna; Heliconia; Thalia; Maranta; Musa; Hedychium; Argentina. Cómo citar: Passarelli, L. M.; Dedominici, A. C. & Rolleri, C. H. 2016. Polen de Zingiberales de humedales rio- platenses y selvas subtropicales del NE de la Argentina. Bot. complut. 40: 147-160. 1 Laboratorio de Estudios de Anatomía Vegetal Evolutiva y Sistemática (LEVES), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, 64 entre 120 y diagonal 113, B1904 DZB, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina) E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] E-mail: [email protected], * Autor para la correspondencia Bot. complut. 40, 2016: 147-160 147 148 Passarelli, L. M. et al. Bot. complut. 40, 2016: 147-160 Introducción ción a la sistemática del grupo. Rowley & Skvarla (1974) y, más recientemente, Cicia- Las Zingiberales incluyen plantas herbáceas relli et al. (2010) analizaron el polen de espe- cuyas hojas tienen láminas bien desarrolla- cies de Canna (Cannaceae). das, con venas paralelas y transversales y fre- La polinización ornitófila parece ser la más cuente presencia de ceras epicuticulares. Sus difundida en el orden (Cronk & Ojeda 2008, inflorescencias tienen flores dispuestas en ci- Bleiweiss 1998, McGuire et al. 2007, 2014; mas helicoidales, asociadas a brácteas co- Tripp & McDade 2014) y en algunas Zingi- múnmente persistentes; hay variación en el berales neotropicales se mencionan también número y morfología de los estambres, son abejas del género Euglossine (Zucchi et al. comunes los tipos foliarizados petaloides y 1969, Williams 1982, Ramírez et al. 2010). es frecuente la presencia de nectarios septa- Sato (1948, 1960), Mahanty (1970) y Song et les. El tapete es generalmente plasmodial, un al. (2004), entre otros, analizaron la citología carácter también presente en Commelinales y sugirieron que los números cromosómicos e invade los lóculos de la antera, ya sea como básicos en el orden son x = 7 (9) 11. periplasmodio o en forma celular, y envuel- Juntamente con Arecales, Commelinales ve los microsporocitos en el curso de su des- y Poales (APG II 2003, APG III 2009), las arrollo (Dahlgren et al. 1985, Furness & Ru- Zingiberales, integran el clado de las mono- dall 1999). cotiledóneas comelinoides, tratado como mo- Los granos de polen en general son inaber- nofilético sobre la base de la morfología y la turados (Zavada 1983, Dahlgren et at. 1985, biología molecular, como las secuencias Mangaly & Nayar 1990), aunque se encuen- rbcL, rbcL, atpB y 18S (Dalgren & Rasmus- tran espiroaberturados en Costaceae y mono- sen 1983, Kress 1990, Chase et al. 1995, Du- sulcados en algunas Zingiberaceae. Presen- vall 1993, Kress 1995, Chase et al. 2000, Sol- tan un esporodermo constituido por una exina tis et al. 2000, Freire Fierro 2004). Judd et al. delgada y una intina más gruesa que la exina, (2002) las señalan como el orden más avan- generalmente formada por dos capas bien per- zado de las Monocotiledóneas y consideran ceptibles. Kress et al. (1978) analizaron la ul- ocho familias: Cannaceae, monotípica, con traestructura de la pared de los granos de He- unas 20-22 especies, predominantemente ne- liconia, un género tratado posteriormente por otropicales (Ciciarelli & Rolleri 2008); Cos- Sanabria et al. (2007) en especies de Venezue- taceae, con unos 7 géneros y cerca de 100 es- la. Stone et al. (1981) estudiaron la ontogenia pecies de zonas tropicales de Asia, África y de la exina de Tapeinochilos(Costaceae), América; Heliconiaceae, también monotípi- mientras que la pared del polen de Strelitzia ca, con unas 7 especies neotropicales; Lowia- reginae fue comparada con algunas Laurales ceae, con unas 15 especies agrupadas sub Or- por Hesse & Waha (1983) y analizado poste- chidanta N. E. Brown, que crecen desde el S riormente por Stone (2009). Furness & Ru- de China hasta Borneo; Musaceae, con 2 gé- dall (1999) estudiaron la microsporogénesis neros y 35 especies; Marantaceae, con 31 gé- en Monocotiledóneas, describieron sus tipos neros y unas 550 especies, predominantemen- en el orden y analizaron los datos conocidos te neotropicales; Strelitziaceae, con 3 géneros hasta ese momento sobre la abertura de los y unas 7-8 especies de las regiones tropica- granos de polen en las familias. Zona (2001) les y sub-tropicales de América y África, y efectuó una amplia prospección de almidón Zingiberaceae, la familia más numerosa, con en polen de monocotiledóneas comelinoides, unos 50 géneros y unas 1400 especies origi- que incluyó Zingiberales. Theilade et al. narias del paleotrópico (Indonesia y Mala- (2009) registraron la morfología polínica de sia), introducidas o naturalizadas en Nortea- 18 especies de Zingiber mientras que Furness mérica, México, Antillas, Mesoamérica, & Rudall (2001) presentaron un resumen de Sudamérica, Asia, África y Australia. los caracteres del polen y anteras en monoco- El orden se encuentra representado en la tiledóneas, incluyendo aspectos de su aplica- Argentina por cinco familias y siete géneros, Passarelli, L. M. et al. Bot. complut. 40, 2016: 147-160 149 algunos con especies nativas, como Canna crece nativa en el NO y NE de Argentina (pro- (Cannaceae), Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) y vincias de Salta y Misiones) en similares am- Thalia (Marantaceae) y otros con especies bientes de selva lluviosa subtropical y H. ros- introducidas y naturalizadas, como Hedy- trata, que crece desde Honduras hasta Bolivia chium (Zingiberaceae) y Strelitzia (Strelitzia- y se cultiva en el norte de la Argentina. ceae). Las Musaceae no son nativas pero se Los taxones seleccionados son poco co- cultivan Musa balbisiana Colla, y los híbri- nocidos desde el punto de vista palinológi- dos M. acuminata × balbisiana y Musa × pa- coy Thalia geniculata se describe por prime- radisiaca. Se distribuyen predominantemen- ra vez. Las especies argentinas de Canna te en la ecorregión de la selva paranaense del fueron estudiadas por Ciciarelli & Rolleri Noreste del país, un área muy amplia que con- (2008) y por Ciciarelli et al. (2010), de mo- centra una parte sustancial de la biodiversi- do que aquí se incluye solamente un breve dad del territorio y representa, junto con la análisis de los caracteres más importantes de Mata Atlántica brasileña, uno de los grandes la familia y detalles
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