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Management of Marine Protected Areas Management of Marine Protected Areas Management of Marine Protected Areas Management of Marine Protected Areas A Network Perspective Edited by Paul D. Goriup This edition first published 2017 © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at www.wiley.com/go/permissions. The right of Paul D. Goriup to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Boschstr. 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty The publisher and the authors make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of experimental reagents, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each chemical, piece of equipment, reagent, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. The fact that an organization or website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication data has been applied for ISBN: 9781119075776 Cover image: © Ultramarinfoto/gettyimages Cover design: Wiley Set in 10/12pt Warnock by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 v Contents List of Contributors vii Foreword xi Editor’s Preface xv 1 From Marine Protected Areas to MPA Networks 1 Ferdinando Boero 2 Ecological Effects and Benefits of Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas: Management Implications 21 Antoni Garcia‐Rubies, Emma Cebrian, Patrick J. Schembri, Julian Evans and Enrique Macpherson 3 Typology, Management and Monitoring of Marine Protected Area Networks 49 Stephen Beal, Paul D. Goriup and Thomas Haynes 4 Marine Protected Area Governance and Effectiveness Across Networks 69 Nigel Dudley and Marc Hockings 5 Marine Protected Areas as Spatial Protection Measures under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive 89 Daniel Braun 6 Socioeconomic Impacts of Networks of Marine Protected Areas 103 Elena Ojea, Marta Pascual, David March, Isabella Bitetto, Paco Melià, Margaretha Breil, Joachim Claudet and Anil Markandya 7 Multi‐criteria Decision‐Making for Marine Protected Area Design and Management 125 Paco Melià 8 Ecosystem‐Based Management for Marine Protected Areas: A Systematic Approach 145 Rafael Sardá, Susana Requena, Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió and Josep Maria Gili 9 Developing Collaboration among Marine Protected Area Managers to Strengthen Network Management 163 Chloë Webster vi Contents 10 Eyes Wide Shut: Managing Bio‐Invasions in Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas 187 Bella Galil 11 Marine Protected Areas and Marine Spatial Planning, with Special Reference to the Black Sea 207 Eva Schachtner 12 Black Sea Network of Marine Protected Areas : European Approaches and Adaptation to Expansion and Monitoring in Ukraine 227 Boris Alexandrov, Galina Minicheva and Yuvenaliy Zaitsev 13 Prospects for Marine Protected Areas in the Turkish Black Sea 247 Bayram Öztürk, Bettina A. Fach, Çetin Keskin, Sinan Arkin, Bülent Topaloğlu and Ayaka Amaha Öztürk 14 Marine Protected Areas and Offshore Wind Farms 263 Natalie Sanders, Thomas Haynes and Paul D. Goriup Index 281 vii List of Contributors Alexandrov, Boris Breil, Margaretha Institute of Marine Biology Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM) and National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Euro‐Mediterranean Center for Climate Odessa Change Ukraine Venezia Email: [email protected] Italy Arkin, Sinan Cebrian, Emma Institute of Marine Science Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes Middle East Technical University (CEAB‐CSIC) Erdemli Girona Mersin Spain; Turkey Department of Environmental Sciences University of Montilivi Beal, Stephen Girona NatureBureau Spain Newbury Claudet, Joachim UK National Center for Scientific Research Email: [email protected] CRIOBE Bitetto, Isabella Perpignan France COISPA Tecnologia & Ricerca Bari Dominguez‐Carrió, Carlos Italy Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM‐CSIC) Barcelona Boero, Ferdinando Spain Università del Salento – CNR‐ISMAR Italy Dudley, Nigel Email: [email protected] Equilibrium Research Bristol Braun, Daniel UK; Research Group of Prof. Dr. Detlef School of Geography Czybulka Planning and Environmental Management Faculty of Law at the University of Queensland University of Rostock Brisbane Germany Australia Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] viii List of Contributors Evans, Julian Hockings, Marc Department of Biology School of Geography Faculty of Science Planning and Environmental Management University of Malta at the University of Queensland Malta Brisbane Australia Fach, Bettina A. Institute of Marine Science Keskin, Çetin Middle East Technical University Faculty of Fisheries Erdemli Istanbul University Mersin Beyazıt Turkey Istanbul Turkey Galil, Bella The Steinhardt Museum of Macpherson, Enrique Natural History Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes Israel National Center for Biodiversity (CEAB‐CSIC) Studies Girona Tel Aviv University Spain Tel Aviv Israel March, David Email: [email protected] SOCIB – Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting System Garcia‐Rubies, Antoni Palma Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes Spain (CEAB‐CSIC) Girona Markandya, Anil Spain Email: [email protected] Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3) Bilbao Spain; Gili, Josep Maria Ikerbasque Foundation Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM‐CSIC) Bilbao Barcelona Spain Spain Melià, Paco Goriup, Paul D. Dipartimento di Elettronica NatureBureau Informazione e Bioingegneria Newbury Politecnico di Milano UK Milano Email: [email protected] Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per Haynes, Thomas le Scienze del Mare NatureBureau Roma Newbury Italy UK Email: [email protected] List of Contributors ix Minicheva, Galina Sardá, Rafael Institute of Marine Biology Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (CEAB‐CSIC) Odessa Girona Ukraine Spain Email: [email protected] Ojea, Elena Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3) Schachtner, Eva Bilbao Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Spain; Regional Development University of Vigo Dresden Spain Germany Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Öztürk, Ayaka Amaha Schembri, Patrick J. Faculty of Fisheries Istanbul University Department of Biology Beyazıt Faculty of Science Istanbul University of Malta Turkey Malta Email: [email protected] Öztürk, Bayram Faculty of Fisheries Topaloğlu, Bülent Istanbul University Faculty of Fisheries Beyazıt Istanbul University Istanbul Beyazıt Turkey Istanbul Email: [email protected] Turkey Pascual, Marta Webster, Chloë Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3) Mediterranean Protected Areas Network Bilbao (MedPAN) Spain; Marseilles Ikerbasque Foundation France Bilbao Email: [email protected] Spain Requena, Susana Zaitsev, Yuvenaliy Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM‐CSIC) Institute of Marine Biology Barcelona National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Spain Odessa Ukraine Sanders, Natalie NatureBureau Newbury UK Email: [email protected] xi Foreword So much of our national and international isolation to what happens on land, especially effort to protect nature has been concen- the effects of infrastructure development on trated on terrestrial protected areas. Even many parts of the coastline of the two seas to the international agreements under the exploit the favourable weather conditions Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and shoreline situations and the delivery of have accorded less prominence to protect- water, nutrients and pollutants (and conse- ing coastal and marine areas. Indeed, it was quential eutrophication) into the seas from not until the agreement
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