Everything in the Garden’s lovely! ‘All gardening is landscape painting’ William Kent.

‘Gardens have great capability. Nature abhors a straight line’ Lancelot Brown

Gardeners know all the dirt!

If you want to be happy for a lifetime, plant a garden.

I fought the and the lawn won.

Gardening is cheaper than therapy and you get tomatoes. How did the English Garden evolve?

How tools evolved throughout the centuries

How important was the gardener to country estates?

The tasks of the gardener.

Garden features in Estates

Who were the great landscape artists?

The great English gardens The brief history of English gardens

Roman …… formal, low hedges and statuary Medieval….small enclosed, with turf seats and mounds

Tudor… knot gardens, enclosed in hedges or walls, Italianate

Stuart…formal Italianate and French styles

Georgian…informal, landscaped, open parkland Victorian… bedding plants, colourful, public gardens

20th Century+…mixed styles, herbaceous borders Fishbourne Roman palace Formal box hedging planting Reconstructed Villa and formal garden Pompeii Courtyard The kitchen garden Anglo Saxon Garden?????

Medieval Monastic gardens Herbs Broad beans Parsnips Square or rectangular beds Leeks Almonds Figs Cherries Medlar Mulberry Pear Plum Quince Hazelnut Walnut Peas Beans Roses Carnations Violets Mount Grace Priory

The Tudor Garden

Sudeley Castle Italian influence

Auricula Cowslip Cornflower Daffodil Carnation Hollyhock Peony Periwinkle Snap dragon Sweet William Marigold Violet Wallflower Gillyflower Poppy Larkspur Roses Lily of the valley Gilly flower is a stock Primrose Indian Eye Symmetrical lines at Hatfield House Raised walkways to view knot gardens Stuart Gardens

Montacute House---French influence Broad sweeping avenues Blickling Hall Georgian Gardens

Open Parkland Stowe’s informality Fountains Abbey and Studely Royal water gardens The Garden House , Osterley Victorian Garden

Knightshayes Court, Gothic Revival

Osborne House

Hughenden Manor Garden Tools

1572 1653

Maskell’s Tudor gardening manual 1592 The ultimate lawnmowers!!!!! 1827…..Edwin Budding Imagine this on your front lawn!!!

13th C. wall painting

1580

9th C.

1542 woodcut Hoe Development

A fork hoe 1568 The Gardener At work 1640 1577

Clearing land for planting Decorative arches Georgian Gardeners Needed an expert knowledge of plants in all seasons Herbs Vegetable cultivation Raising fruit trees Moving trees Using and maintaining implements Managing staff Managing , cricket pitches, croquet lawns Conservatories Greenhouses Guidelines for the bedding plant list for the aristocracy Squires….10,000 Baronets…20,000 Earls…30,000 Dukes….50,000

Great estates employed 60---100 gardeners

Scottish gardeners were preferred

Labour depended on the seasons

60 hours working week

Wrest House in Bedfordshire shows the enormous tasks expected of the head gardener.

pruning

Maintaining driveways Kitchen garden Chawton House landscaped grounds 1780 Garden Features of great estates

Trengwainton Cornwall Croxteth Hall--Liverpool

In Tudor times, garments would be spread over these

Heveningham hall , Suffolk , 1760 Longleat Maze Dunedin botanic Garden 1910--1947 ? Nymans Garden, West Sussex…Dove Cott Time for Tea Fascinating

Shamhenge at Alderley Edge 1810 Lord Brownlows ‘ Britches 1750 at Belton House The Pyramid 1794 at Blickling Hall

Mythical razors! Inside a mausoleum? Belvedere 1717 at Claremont Landscape Garden The Fishing Pavilion 1765 at Kedleston Hall. Built by 3 rooms 1 floor of deer hooves 1 floor of tree trunks 1 floor of cobbles Exterior thatch Interior deerskin The Bear’s hut , formerly ‘The hermit’s Hut, 1812 at Killerton House

Birdhouse 1761 at Knole Lyme Cage 1580 at Lyme Park Cheshire Unfinished House 1605 At Lyveden New Bield Mow Cop 1754 Sham ruin Staffordshire Penshaw Monument 1884 Tyne and Wear home of a strange creature

The Pepperbox 1606 Doyden Castle 1830’s Cornwall…drinking den? Sham Ruin 1750 at Wimpole hall Cambridge The Great Landscape Artists William Kent 1685—1748 Born in Bridlington Architect Artist Furniture designer

Originator of English landscape gardens

Temples Cascades Palladian bridges Exedra

Poor horticultural knowledge Exedra at Painswick Gardens Rousham House gardens Oxfordshire House cascade

River Cherwell Lancelot Brown 1715---1783 Born in Kirkharle, Northumberland

Son of a land agent and chambermaid

Designed 170 gardens Apprentice gardener 1st commission Kiddington Hall ,Oxon Under gardener at Stowe 1741 1742 head gardener age 26

Salary £25 p.a. Grecian Valley at Stowe 1761 earning £6000 p.a. ….that’s £800,000 Petworth grounds 1752

Chatsworth 1761 Grand cascade Bowood House 1763 Italianate terrace 1764

1767 elected to high Sherriff of Cambridge and Huntingdonshire Bought estate at Fenstanton Huntingdon Died before he retired No record of his grave exists Humphrey Repton 1752—1818 Born Bury St. Edmunds Father was an excise collector

Age 12 sent to Holland to learn Dutch

Apprenticed to a textile merchant Mary Clark 1773 4 children He tried to set up a more efficient Stage coach Company ‘Landscape gardener’ Catton Park

…his business card Wentworth South Yorkshire….before…… …..after……

Blaise Castle near Bristol

…and its own ! Woburn Abbey Stoneleigh Abbey 1808

Carriage accident Gertrude Jekyll

1843----1932 London, Mayfair

400 + gardens

Influenced by J.M W. Turner

Influential in the Arts and Crafts Movement with Edwin Lutyens

Prolific Writer on gardening and flowers

Winner of the Victoria Medal from the Horticultural Society

Impressionistic designs Hestercombe Gardens Somerset

Lindisfarne An Eyeful of Fabulous Gardens Luton Hoo Hatfield House Stourhead designed by Henry Hoare 1741 The greens should be ranged together in large masses as the shades are in painting: to contrast the dark masses with light ones, and to relieve each dark mass itself with little sprinkling of lighter greens here and there. Stourhead with Palladian bridge

Great Dixter Levens Hall Cumbria

Hidcote Manor Cotswolds Sissinghurst Kent created by Rita Sackville-West

The Alnwick Poison Garden is the most dangerous garden in the world … Some plants are caged, and the garden is secured each evening behind gates under a 24-hour security watch ‘Bloomin’ marvellous! Thank you