DOCSLIB.ORG

Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, USA Printed in the United States of America Cover design by Lynn Ekblad, Different Angles, Ames, Iowa Graphics and layout by Richard Beachler, Instructional Technology Center, Iowa State University, Ames ISBN 1-887383-23-9 ISSN 0194-4088 06 05 04 03 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging–in–Publication Data Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies. p. cm. -- (Task force report, ISSN 0194-4088 ; no. 140) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-887383-23-9 (alk. paper) 1. Pests--Integrated control. I. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology. II. Series: Task force report (Council for Agricultural Science and Technology) ; no. 140. SB950.I4573 2003 632'.9--dc21 2003006389 Task Force Report No. 140 June 2003 Council for Agricultural Science and Technology Ames, Iowa, USA Task Force Members Kenneth R. Barker (Chair), Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Esther Day, American Farmland Trust, DeKalb, Illinois Timothy J. Gibb, Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana Maud A. Hinchee, ArborGen, Summerville, South Carolina Nancy C. Hinkle, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens Barry J. Jacobsen, Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman James Knight, Department of Animal and Range Science, Montana State University, Bozeman Kenneth A. Langeland, Department of Agronomy, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville Evan Nebeker, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State David A. Rosenberger, Plant Pathology Department, Cornell University–Hudson Valley Laboratory, High- land, New York Donald P. Schmitt, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu John C. Snyder, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington Ann Sorensen, American Farmland Trust, DeKalb, Illinois Walter R. Stevenson, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison Stephen M. Stringham, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Scott M. Swinton, Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing David W. Watson, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Philip Westra, Department of Bioagricultural Science and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins Mark E. Whalon, Center for Integrated Plant Systems, Michigan State University, East Lansing Tom Whitson, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie ii Task Force Members iii Contributors Harold D. Coble, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, and U.S. Department of Agriculture Larry Pedigo, Iowa State University, Ames Invited Reviewers Gerald Anderson, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, Montana Larry F. Grand, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Dennis Keeney, Emeritus Professor, Iowa State University, Ames Kimberly Mann, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, Montana Clyde Sorenson, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Neal Spencer, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, Montana John C. Stewart, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Raleigh, North Carolina Ron Stinner, Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Turner B. Sutton, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Acknowledgments CAST recognizes and appreciates the financial support of the U. S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (Agreement Number 59-0790-3-107) to partially assist in the development and completion of this report. The authors thank Dr. Richard E. Stuckey, former executive vice president of CAST, and Dr. Kayleen A. Niyo, former managing scientific editor, for their considerable assistance during the development of this report. Contents Interpretive Summary . 1 Deployment in Cropping Systems, 1 Natural Ecosystems, 1 Food Animals, Wildlife, and Companion Animals, 1 Urban Areas, 2 Economics, 2 Education and Delivery Systems, 2 Assessments, 2 Future Challenges and Directions, 2 Executive Summary . 4 Historical Perspectives and Evolution of Integrated Pest Management Concepts, 4 Integrated Pest Management Toolbox, 4 New and Emerging Technologies, 5 Crop Production Systems, 6 Rangeland and Pasture, 7 Natural Areas, 7 Aquatic Vegetation, 7 Food Animals, 7 Mammalian Wildlife-Damage Control, 8 Companion-Animal Ectoparasites, Associated Pathogens, and Diseases, 8 Urban Areas, 8 Economics, 9 Education and Delivery Systems, 9 Future Challenges and Directions, 10 1 History of Integrated Pest Management Concepts . 11 Evolution of the Integrated Pest Management Concept, 12 The Clinton Administration’s Integrated Pest Management Initiative, 16 Objectives of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Integrated Pest Management Initiative Strategic Plan, 16 The Environmental Protection Agency Initiative, 17 Call for Ecologically Based, or Biointensive, Pest Management, 19 Integrated Pest Management in the Twenty-First Century, 19 Risk Management, 20 Appendix A. Abbreviations and Acronyms, 22 Appendix B. Glossary, 22 Literature Cited, 23 Related Web Sites, 24 2 Integrated Pest Management Toolbox . 25 Exclusion/Avoidance, 25 Eradication, 27 Suppression of Pest Increase through Host Resistance, 29 iv Contents v Host Resistance, 29 Cultural Practices for Minimizing Crop Pests, 34 Crop Rotation, 35 Tillage and No-Till, 36 Trap Crops, 38 Green Manure and Cover Crops, 38 Multiple Cropping or Polyculture (Intercropping), 39 Refugia, 39 Integrating Cultural Management Programs, 40 Decision Support Aids and Diagnostic Systems, 41 Field and Region, 41 Site-Specific (Precision) Agriculture, 43 Use of Diagnostics, 43 Biological Control, 46 Development of Biopesticide Products, 47 Insect Biocontrol, 47 Weed Biocontrol, 49 Biocontrol of Plant Pathogens, Including Nematodes, 50 Additional Methods for Enhancing Biocontrols, 52 Pesticides, 53 Why Do Pesticides Remain a Critical Component?, 53 The Role of Pesticides, 55 Effects of Changing Fungicide, Herbicide, and Insecticide Chemistries, 55 Pesticide Resistance Management, 61 Resistance Management in an Integrated Pest Management Context, 62 Resistance Management Tactics and Tools, 63 Certification and Regulation, 65 IPM Certification, 65 Ecolabels in an International Context, 67 IPM Regulation, 68 The Pest Management Information Decision Support System, 69 Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR–4), 69 Effects of Invasive Pests, 69 Means of Spread of Invasive Plant Pests, 71 Examples of Current Invasive Plant Pest Problems, 71 Reemergence of Old Plant Pests, 72 Integrated Pest Management and Agricultural Bioterrorism, 73 Appendix A. Abbreviations and Acronyms, 73 Appendix B. Glossary, 74 Literature Cited, 74 Related Web Sites, 81 3 New and Emerging Technologies. 82 Site-Specific Integrated Pest Management, 82 Precision Farming, 82 Site-Specific Input Management, 83 Automated Data Acquisition, 84 Field Management Zones, 86 Spatial and Biological Strategies, 86 Agricultural Product Identity Preservation, 87 Integrated Systems, 89 Appendix A. Abbreviations and Acronyms, 90 Appendix B. Glossary, 90 vi Integrated Pest Management: Current and Future Strategies Literature Cited, 90 Related Web Sites, 91 4 Crop Production Systems . 92 Field Crops, 93 Weeds, 95 Corn Insects and Pathogens, 96 Cotton Insects and Pathogens, 97 Soybean Insects and Pathogens, 98 Concerns for the Future, 99 Vegetable Crops, 99 Fruit Crops, 103 Integrated Forest Pest Management, 111 Prevention, 113 Detection and Evaluation, 114 Hazard Rating Systems, 115 Actions and Consequences, 115 Future Concerns, 116 Organic Systems/Sustainable Agriculture, 117 Organic Cropping Systems, 117 Organic Production Systems and Integrated Pest Management, 118 Sustainable Cropping Systems, 120 Components of Sustainable Agriculture, 121 Integrated Pest Management and Sustainable Agriculture, 122 Outlook, 122 Appendix A. Abbreviations and Acronyms, 122 Appendix B. Glossary, 123 Literature Cited, 123 5 Rangeland and Pasture . 128 Weed Management, 128 Education and Awareness, 128 Weed Prevention and Early Detection, 129 Physical and Mechanical Controls, 129 Chemical Controls, 131 Biological Controls, 131 Plant Competition and Rehabilitation, 132 Invasive Species Control and Site Preparation, 133 Weed Monitoring and Mapping, 133 Integrated Systems for Weed Management, 134 Insect and Pathogen Management, 134 Appendix A. Abbreviations and Acronyms, 135 Literature Cited, 135 6 Natural Areas Management . 137 Management Methods for Invasive Weeds, 138 Prevention, 138 Physical Methods, 139 Cultural Practices, 140 Herbicides, 142 Biological Control, 142 Appendix A. Abbreviations and Acronyms, 144 Appendix B. Glossary, 144 Contents vii Literature Cited, 144 7 Integrated Management of Aquatic Vegetation . 145 Principles of a Successful Integrated Aquatic Plant Management Program, 145 Integrated Management of Specific Invasive Plants, 151 Alligatorweed, 151 Water Hyacinth, 151 Hydrilla, 152 Eurasian Watermilfoil, 153 Torpedo Grass, 154 Water Lettuce, 154 Giant Water Fern, 154 Appendix A. Abbreviations and Acronyms, 154 Appendix B. Glossary, 155 Literature Cited, 155 8 Food Animal Integrated
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Morphological Systematics of the Nightshade Flea Beetles Epitrix
    Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 8-2016 Morphological Systematics of the Nightshade Flea Beetles Epitrix Foudras and Acallepitrix Bechyné (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) in America North of Mexico Anthony Martin Deczynski Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Recommended Citation Deczynski, Anthony Martin, "Morphological Systematics of the Nightshade Flea Beetles Epitrix Foudras and Acallepitrix Bechyné (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Alticini) in America North of Mexico" (2016). All Theses. 2479. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2479 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MORPHOLOGICAL SYSTEMATICS OF THE NIGHTSHADE FLEA BEETLES EPITRIX FOUDRAS AND ACALLEPITRIX BECHYNÉ (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: GALERUCINAE: ALTICINI) IN AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Entomology by Anthony Martin Deczynski August 2016 Accepted by: Dr. Michael Caterino, Committee Chair Dr. Peter Adler Dr. J. Antonio Baeza ABSTRACT The flea beetle genera Epitrix and Acallepitrix are revised for America North of Mexico, building on a prior preliminary revision of the genus Epitrix by the author (Deczynski 2014). Four new species are described: Epitrix cuprea sp. nov., E. rileyi sp. nov., E. latifrons sp. nov., and E. vasinoda sp. nov., bringing the North American Epitrix fauna to a total of 26 species. A key is provided to adults of all species.
    [Show full text]
  • The Epidemiology of Salmonella Transmission in Chicken Meat
    The Epidemiology of Salmonella Transmission in Chicken Meat Helen Kathleen Crabb March 2018 ORCID: 0000-0001-5550-3834 Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree Doctor of Philosophy Melbourne Veterinary School Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences University of Melbourne i Abstract longitudinal study was conducted between January 2013 and cluster with the human cases, and the large number of isolates used A September 2014 in a vertically integrated chicken meat enter- for comparison strongly support these findings. Bovine and non- prise under commercial farming conditions. Using methods routine- study poultry isolates were more tightly clustered with the human ly used for Salmonella surveillance in poultry production systems, en- cases, but the remaining non-human data was so sparse that fur- vironmental sampling was conducted in two generations (parent and ther resolution for source attribution was lost due to small sample broiler) at multiple locations within the production system. Data was size and the necessary aggregation of isolates from multiple sourc- collected on all product movements during the study period and so- es. These results highlight the extreme limitations of using passive cial network analysis was used to describe product movements and surveillance data to make conclusions on source attribution in the identify locations for the potential introduction and dissemination absence of strong epidemiological evidence. of Salmonella and targets for enhanced surveillance and intervention. In conclusion, this study identified that the structure of a vertically Of the 4,219 samples collected thirty six percent were positive for integrated enterprise enhanced the transmission of Salmonella be- Salmonella. Sixty-five percent of the isolates were identified as S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Catalogue of Coleoptera Specimens with Potential Forensic Interest in the Goulandris Natural History Museum Collection
    ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA Vol. 25, 2016 A catalogue of Coleoptera specimens with potential forensic interest in the Goulandris Natural History Museum collection Dimaki Maria Goulandris Natural History Museum, 100 Othonos St. 14562 Kifissia, Greece Anagnou-Veroniki Maria Makariou 13, 15343 Aghia Paraskevi (Athens), Greece Tylianakis Jason Zoology Department, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.11549 Copyright © 2017 Maria Dimaki, Maria Anagnou- Veroniki, Jason Tylianakis To cite this article: Dimaki, M., Anagnou-Veroniki, M., & Tylianakis, J. (2016). A catalogue of Coleoptera specimens with potential forensic interest in the Goulandris Natural History Museum collection. ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA, 25(2), 31-38. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.11549 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 27/12/2018 06:22:38 | ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 25 (2016): 31-38 Received 15 March 2016 Accepted 12 December 2016 Available online 3 February 2017 A catalogue of Coleoptera specimens with potential forensic interest in the Goulandris Natural History Museum collection MARIA DIMAKI1’*, MARIA ANAGNOU-VERONIKI2 AND JASON TYLIANAKIS3 1Goulandris Natural History Museum, 100 Othonos St. 14562 Kifissia, Greece 2Makariou 13, 15343 Aghia Paraskevi (Athens), Greece 3Zoology Department, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand ABSTRACT This paper presents a catalogue of the Coleoptera specimens in the Goulandris Natural History Museum collection that have potential forensic interest. Forensic entomology can help to estimate the time elapsed since death by studying the necrophagous insects collected on a cadaver and its surroundings. In this paper forty eight species (369 specimens) are listed that belong to seven families: Silphidae (3 species), Staphylinidae (6 species), Histeridae (11 species), Anobiidae (4 species), Cleridae (6 species), Dermestidae (14 species), and Nitidulidae (4 species).
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of the Energy Potential of Chicken Manure in Poland
    energies Article Assessment of the Energy Potential of Chicken Manure in Poland Mariusz Ta´nczuk 1,*, Robert Junga 1, Alicja Kolasa-Wi˛ecek 2 and Patrycja Niemiec 1 1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, 45-271 Opole, Poland; [email protected] (R.J.); [email protected] (P.N.) 2 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Opole University, 45-047 Opole, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-664-475-355 Received: 2 January 2019; Accepted: 25 March 2019; Published: 1 April 2019 Abstract: Animal waste, including chicken manure, is a category of biomass considered for application in the energy industry. Poland is leading poultry producer in Europe, with a chicken population assessed at over 176 million animals. This paper aims to determine the theoretical and technical energy potential of chicken manure in Poland. The volume of chicken manure was assessed as 4.49 million tons per year considering three particular poultry rearing systems. The physicochemical properties of examined manure specimens indicate considerable conformity with the data reported in the literature. The results of proximate and ultimate analyses confirm a considerable effect of the rearing system on the energy parameters of the manure. The heating value of the chicken manure was calculated for the high moisture material in the condition as received from the farms. The value of annual theoretical energy potential in Poland was found to be equal to around 40.38 PJ. Annual technical potential of chicken biomass determined for four different energy conversion paths occurred significantly smaller then theoretical and has the value from 9.01 PJ to 27.3 PJ.
    [Show full text]
  • Fleas, Hosts and Habitat: What Can We Predict About the Spread of Vector-Borne Zoonotic Diseases?
    2010 Fleas, Hosts and Habitat: What can we predict about the spread of vector-borne zoonotic diseases? Ph.D. Dissertation Megan M. Friggens School of Forestry I I I \, l " FLEAS, HOSTS AND HABITAT: WHAT CAN WE PREDICT ABOUT THE SPREAD OF VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOTIC DISEASES? by Megan M. Friggens A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Forest Science Northern Arizona University May 2010 ?Jii@~-~-u-_- Robert R. Parmenter, Ph. D. ~",l(*~ l.~ Paulette L. Ford, Ph. D. --=z:r-J'l1jU~ David M. Wagner, Ph. D. ABSTRACT FLEAS, HOSTS AND HABITAT: WHAT CAN WE PREDICT ABOUT THE SPREAD OF VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOTIC DISEASES? MEGAN M. FRIGGENS Vector-borne diseases of humans and wildlife are experiencing resurgence across the globe. I examine the dynamics of flea borne diseases through a comparative analysis of flea literature and analyses of field data collected from three sites in New Mexico: The Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, the Sandia Mountains and the Valles Caldera National Preserve (VCNP). My objectives were to use these analyses to better predict and manage for the spread of diseases such as plague (Yersinia pestis). To assess the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on flea communities, I compiled and analyzed data from 63 published empirical studies. Anthropogenic disturbance is associated with conditions conducive to increased transmission of flea-borne diseases. Most measures of flea infestation increased with increasing disturbance or peaked at intermediate levels of disturbance. Future trends of habitat and climate change will probably favor the spread of flea-borne disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Free-Range Environment
    The requirements listed in this document pertain to shell egg labels that contain the USDA grademark, only. MANDATORY LABELING REQUIREMENTS • It is strongly recommended that you verify applicable State requirements before submitting labels for Federal approval. • FDA = The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA); the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (FPLA); and the regulations promulgated under these acts (21 CFR). • USDA = 7 CFR Part 56; AMS 56 Principal Display Panel (PDP): • The term principal display panel means the part of a label that is most likely to be displayed, presented, shown, or examined under customary conditions of display for retail sale. • The principal display panel shall be large enough to accommodate all the mandatory label information required to be placed on the container with clarity and conspicuousness and without obscuring design, vignettes, or crowding. • The Producer, Distributor, or Carton Manufacturer must declare the PDP or alternate PDP’s prior to issuance of a USDA approval number. Contact this office to further discuss the selection of the PDP. PDP = Top View, only. Back Hinge PDP Front Lip PDP = Top View and Front Lip (Alternate Display Panels) Back Hinge PDP Front Lip • If the Top View and Front Lip are selected as the PDP’s, all required mandatory information must be placed on both panels (Top View and Front Lip). • Overwrapped, Sleeved, or Case containers: All mandatory labeling information must be placed on the top panel or information panel. No mandatory labeling requirements may be placed on the bottom panel. Page 1 08/22/2016 Information Panel: • The information panel as it applies to packaged food means that part of the label immediately contiguous and to the right of the principal display panel (PDP) as observed by an individual facing the principal display panel.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetically Modified Baculoviruses for Pest
    INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS This page intentionally left blank INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS EDITED BY LAWRENCE I. GILBERT SARJEET S. GILL Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford Paris • San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press, 32 Jamestown Road, London, NW1 7BU, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA ª 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved The chapters first appeared in Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science, edited by Lawrence I. Gilbert, Kostas Iatrou, and Sarjeet S. Gill (Elsevier, B.V. 2005). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (þ44) 1865 843830, fax (þ44) 1865 853333, e-mail [email protected]. Requests may also be completed on-line via the homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Insect control : biological and synthetic agents / editors-in-chief: Lawrence I. Gilbert, Sarjeet S. Gill. – 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 (alk. paper) 1. Insect pests–Control. 2. Insecticides. I. Gilbert, Lawrence I. (Lawrence Irwin), 1929- II. Gill, Sarjeet S. SB931.I42 2010 632’.7–dc22 2010010547 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 Cover Images: (Top Left) Important pest insect targeted by neonicotinoid insecticides: Sweet-potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci; (Top Right) Control (bottom) and tebufenozide intoxicated by ingestion (top) larvae of the white tussock moth, from Chapter 4; (Bottom) Mode of action of Cry1A toxins, from Addendum A7.
    [Show full text]
  • Proteins Booklet
    HASKELL COUNTY Proteins Darlene Hopkins from Extension Agent Family and Community Health Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service A to Z 101 S Ave D Haskell, TX 79521 [email protected] http://haskell.agrilife.org/ Tel. 940.864.2658 Cell. 940.256.3625 Educational programs of the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service are open to all people without regard to race, color, sex, religion, national origin, age, disability, genetic information, or veteran status. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating Turkey Patties 1 ¼ pound ground turkey 1 cup bread crumbs 1 egg ¼ cup chopped green onion 1 tablespoon prepared mustard ½ cup chicken broth Non-stick cooking spray Wash hands and work area before cooking. Mix ground turkey, bread crumbs, egg, onions, and mustard in a large bowl. Shape into 4 patties, about ½ inch thick. Spray a large skillet with cooking spray. Add patties and cook, turning once to brown other side. Cook until golden brown outside and white inside, about 10 minutes. Remove. Add chicken broth to skillet and boil over high heat until slightly thickened, about 1 to 2 minutes. Pour sauce over patties. Preparation Time: 10 minutes, Cook Time: 15 minutes, Serves: 4 Nutrition Facts: Calories: 340, Total Fat: 14 g, Cholesterol: 145 mg, Sodium: 450 mg, Total Carbohydrate: 20 g, Protein: 33 g. Quick Tuna Casserole 4 cups water 5 ounces wide egg noodles 10 ounces low-sodium cream of mushroom soup ⅓ cup skim milk 6 ½ ounces canned drained tuna in water 1 cup frozen green peas 1 cup fresh bread crumbs Wash hands and work area before cooking.
    [Show full text]
  • Programme and Book of Abstracts
    MONDAY SEPTEMBER 17 19 MANAGING INVASIVE PLANTS IN AUSTRALIA: A DECADE OF ACHIEVEMENT McFadyen R Cooperative Research Centre for Australian Weed Management, Indooroopilly, Brisbane Qld The first Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Weeds started in 1995 and the National Weeds Strategy was launched in 1997. The first national eradication campaign against an invasive plant started in 1994, and a ‘Permitted List’ system was adopted in 1998 for entry of new plant species into Australia, using a Weed Risk Assessment System. These were major advances in the management of invasive plants in Australia, and this paper discusses the critical policy issues and turning points along the way. It also considers where policy has failed and the critical challenges for the future. 20 21 CURRENT AND POTENTIAL GEOPHYTE WEEDS OF SOUTH-WESTERN AUSTRALIA Keighery GJ Department of Environment and Conservation, Science Division, Wanneroo, WA [email protected] South Western Australia is an internationally recognised biodiversity hotspot for flowering plants, containing over 6,000 species of which 75% are endemic. Altered land use since European settlement has lead to 1234 naturalised plants becoming established. These now pose a major threat to this biodiversity. Unlike SE Australia shrubs are a minor component of this weed flora, major weeds are grasses, annuals (Peas, Daisies and Brassicaceae) or geophytes. The 107 geophytic weeds present in Western Australia come from 18 families of plants, both Monocots and Dicots, although nearly half are cormous Iridaceae from southern Africa. Unlike many other areas of similar climates, Southern Western Australia is depauperate in geophytes, with about 200 species in our flora of c.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Bibliography of Archaeoentomology
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Distance Master of Science in Entomology Projects Entomology, Department of 4-2020 An Annotated Bibliography of Archaeoentomology Diana Gallagher Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entodistmasters Part of the Entomology Commons This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Distance Master of Science in Entomology Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Diana Gallagher Master’s Project for the M.S. in Entomology An Annotated Bibliography of Archaeoentomology April 2020 Introduction For my Master’s Degree Project, I have undertaken to compile an annotated bibliography of a selection of the current literature on archaeoentomology. While not exhaustive by any means, it is designed to cover the main topics of interest to entomologists and archaeologists working in this odd, dark corner at the intersection of these two disciplines. I have found many obscure works but some publications are not available without a trip to the Royal Society’s library in London or the expenditure of far more funds than I can justify. Still, the goal is to provide in one place, a list, as comprehensive as possible, of the scholarly literature available to a researcher in this area. The main categories are broad but cover the most important subareas of the discipline. Full books are far out-numbered by book chapters and journal articles, although Harry Kenward, well represented here, will be publishing a book in June of 2020 on archaeoentomology.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Progeny Quality and Male Size in the Nesting Success of Smallmouth Bass: Integrating field and Laboratory Studies
    Aquat Ecol (2011) 45:505–515 DOI 10.1007/s10452-011-9371-y The role of progeny quality and male size in the nesting success of smallmouth bass: integrating field and laboratory studies Andrew J. Gingerich • Cory D. Suski Received: 16 March 2011 / Accepted: 27 August 2011 / Published online: 9 September 2011 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 Abstract Smallmouth bass display size-specific with offspring survival in the wild, indicating that variation in reproductive success with larger brood- caution should be used interpreting studies that guarding males in a population more likely to rear attempt to relate laboratory-derived survival metrics offspring to independence than smaller individuals. to the wild. Together, results demonstrate size-specific The exact mechanisms responsible for this size- differences in offspring quality for nesting smallmouth specific increase in reproductive output have yet to bass, which are correlated with higher concentrations be identified. To assist in this process, we investigated of cortisol in eggs. However, hatching success under the relationship between the size of brood-guarding laboratory conditions was dissimilar to nesting success male smallmouth bass and offspring quality (in this in the field relative to cortisol concentrations. case, egg physiology, egg morphology, egg size, hatching success and lab survival). Further, we Keywords Reproductive success Á Egg quality Á examined how factors such as egg physiology, egg Cortisol Á Year class morphology and egg size influenced reproductive success in the wild and hatching success in a controlled laboratory environment. Nesting male Introduction smallmouth bass that successfully reared their off- spring to independence spawned earliest in the nesting For many fish species, mortality during the egg and period were the largest individuals, and guarded eggs young embryo stages represent one of the most with greater concentrations of cortisol compared to significant determinants of year class strength.
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Terms
    Glossary of Terms Acceptable Daily Intake or Allowed Daily Intake (ADI) → Dose- Response Relationship/Curve Allergen The allergen is a material which triggers an allergic reaction. Allopathy The term allopathy was created by Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann (1755– 1843) (from the Greek prefix άλλος, állos, “other”, “different” and the suffix πάϑος, páthos, “suffering”) in order to distinguish his technique (homeopathy) from the traditional medicine of his age. Today, allopathy means a medicine based on the principles of modern pharmacology. Anaphylactic shock Anaphylaxis (or an anaphylactic shock) is a whole-body, rapidly developing aller- gic reaction, which may lead to lethal respiratory and circulatory failure. Antibody Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize exogenous (external) substances. Chromatography, chromatogram Chromatography is the common name of different techniques used to separate mix- tures of compounds. HPLC stands for high-performance liquid chromatography. A chromatogram is the pattern of separated substances obtained by chromatography. Colloidal sol A colloidal sol is a suspension of very small solid particles in a continuous liquid medium. Colloidal sols are quite stable and show the Tyndall effect (light scatter- ing by particles in a colloid). They can be quite stable. Examples include blood, pigmented ink, and paint. Colloidal sols can change their viscosity quickly if they © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 311 L. Kovács et al., 100 Chemical Myths, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-08419-0 312 Glossary of Terms are thixotropic. Examples include quicksand and paint, both of which become more fluid under pressure. Concentrations: parts per notations In British/American practice, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to de- scribe concentrations smaller than thousandths: 1 ppm (parts per million, 10−6 parts) One out of 1 million, e.g.
    [Show full text]