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Chapter Five: “The Perils Ahead Are Moral Not Economic”: Modern Culture, Modern Marriage, and Antiradicalism After 1924 221 “Red War on the Family”: Sex, Gender, and Americanism, 1919-1929 By Erica Jean Ryan B.A., Sarah Lawrence College, 1998 A.M., Brown University, 2002 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2010 © Copyright 2010 by Erica Jean Ryan This dissertation by Erica Jean Ryan is accepted in its present form by the Department of History as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date_____________ ______________________________ Mari Jo Buhle, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date_____________ ______________________________ Elliott Gorn, Reader Date_____________ ______________________________ Carolyn Dean, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date_____________ ______________________________ Sheila Bonde, Dean of the Graduate School iii Erica J. Ryan Brown University Box N Providence, RI 02912 [email protected] EDUCATION Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Doctor of Philosophy, History, 2010 (degree requirements completed in Sept 2009) Dissertation: “Red War on the Family”: Sex, Gender, and Americanism, 1919-1929 Dissertation Committee: Mari Jo Buhle (Director) Elliott Gorn Carolyn Dean Master of Arts, History, May 2002 Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, New York Bachelor of Arts, History concentration, 1998 RESEARCH AND TEACHING INTERESTS 19th and 20th Century United States Cultural and Intellectual History, Women‟s History, Gender History, History of Sexuality TEACHING EXPERIENCE Ramapo College of New Jersey, Mahwah, NJ Adjunct Lecturer Introduction to U.S. History II, 1865-Present, Fall 2008, Spring 2009, Fall 2009. Bristol Community College, Bristol, MA Course Instructor America in the 1960s, Teaching American History Project, Spring 2005. The 1920s in America: A Cultural History, Teaching American History Project, Fall 2004. School of Summer and Continuing Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI iv Instructor Modern American Cultural History, Summer 2004. Brown University, Providence, RI Teaching Assistant The Mexican Revolution, Spring 2006. Modern Russian History, Spring 2004. Introduction to U.S. History to 1877, (survey) Fall 2003. American History, 1930-1980, Spring 2003. American Urban History to 1877, Fall 2002. HONORS AND FELLOWSHIPS Dissertation Writing Fellowship, Brown University, 2007, 2006. John Lax Fellowship, Department of History, Brown University, 2006. Clarke Chambers Travel Fellowship, Social Welfare Archives, University of Minnesota, 2005. Sophia Smith Collection, Travel-to-Collection Grant, Smith College, 2004. McLoughlin Travel Fellowship, Department of History Department, Brown University, 2003-2004. PRESENTATIONS “„The Bolshevism of Sex‟: Nationalism, Sexuality and Gender in 1920s America.” Presented at the Organization of American Historians Annual Meeting, New York, NY, March 2008. “Culture and Politics in the 1920s and the Renegotiation of Gender.” Guest Lecture in Women‟s Social Activism, 1865-1920, Professor Mari Jo Buhle, Brown University, Providence, RI, Fall 2006, Fall 2005, Spring 2004. “Red War on the Family: The Gendered Discourse of Americanism in the First Red Scare.” Presented at the 13th Berkshire Conference on the History of Women, Claremont, CA, June 2005. “Sex, Gender and Americanism in the 1920s.” Presented at Gender Across Borders, Graduate Student Conference, Brown University, Providence, RI, May 2005. “Making a Home: Gendered Discourse on Women and Family in the First Red Scare.” Presented at the Fifth Annual Graduate Symposium on Women‟s and Gender History, University of Illinois-Urbana/Champaign, IL, March 2004. PUBLICATIONS “Women and Gender,” Encyclopedia of the Jazz Age: 1918-1929, James Ciment ed., (Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2008) v “Sheppard Towner Act,” Encyclopedia of the Jazz Age: 1918-1929, James Ciment ed., (Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2008) Book Review of “The Masculine Woman in America, 1890-1935,” by Laura Behling, in Archives of Sexual Behavior, Vol. 35, No. 3, June 2006, p384-386. Book Review of “Choice and Coercion: Birth Control, Sterilization, and Abortion in Public Health and Welfare,” by Johanna Schoen in Women and Social Movements in the United States, March 2006. PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES Organizer, “Gender and Sexuality in Defining the „Nation,‟ 1860-1930,” panel of five scholars for the Organization of American Historians Annual Meeting, March 2008. Participant, “Culture and Communities,” Mellon Graduate Workshop at Brown University, 2006-7. Planning Committee, Gender Across Borders, Graduate Student Conference, Brown University, 2004-2005. RELATED EXPERIENCE Assistant Director of Admission, Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, NY, 1998-2001. PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS American Historical Association Organization of American Historians vi Acknowledgments I happily turn to the overwhelming task of saying thank you to those who helped me see this project through from start to finish. I wish first to acknowledge the generous institutional support I received from Brown University and from the Department of History. I also benefited greatly from the Clarke Chambers Travel Fellowship to research extensively at the Social Welfare Archives, housed at the University of Minnesota, and from a Travel-to-Collection Grant to visit the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. I offer my thanks to the staff at numerous libraries, including: the Rockefeller Library at Brown University, the New York Public Library, the Swarthmore College Peace Collection, the Library of Congress, the National Archives, the New York Historical Society, the Massachusetts Historical Society, and the Schlesinger Library at the Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University. I have been blessed with good history teachers. I wish to thank John Bullard, my high school history teacher at Northern Valley Regional High School in New Jersey. He was the first person to point me down this path. Still, I went to Sarah Lawrence College thinking I would be a writer, until I met Professor Lyde Sizer. Lyde, kind and wise in equal measure, sparked my interest in history and in issues of gender and sexuality in new and meaningful ways. She encouraged me to see myself as a historian way back then, and her belief in me has carried me through many moments of self doubt in the meantime. In her I found a compassionate mentor and a cheerleader, something rare and incredibly valuable. My gratitude to her is boundless. vii At Brown University I found an exceptional community of scholars. I thank Mari Jo Buhle, my dissertation advisor, for her unflagging enthusiasm throughout this project. Mari Jo pushed me to sharpen my thinking at every turn, and her abilities as a thoughtful editor and a remarkable historian improved this work in more ways than I can count. I am lucky to find myself among the cohort of graduate students and scholars who have benefited from her kindness and considerable expertise. For her dedication to my work, I am very grateful. Elliott Gorn also played a crucial role, challenging me to ground this intellectual and cultural history in real people and real happenings. I thank him too for his humor and for shared dinners in Providence. I also owe Carolyn Dean a debt of gratitude for her ability to read my work and see it for all it could be. Her critical readings and her warmth and kindness were vital to the completion of this book. I also thank Professor Howard Chudacoff, Professor Michael Vorenberg, Cherrie Guerzon, Mary Beth Bryson and Julissa Bautista for their kindness over the years. My time at Brown was also indelibly marked by my wonderful colleagues in the Department of History. For their intellectual help and emotional support, for late nights at the library and late nights of revelry, I thank Nicholas Anastasakos, Jonathan Hagel, Sheyda Jahanbani, Thomas Jundt, Jason White and Katherine Worley. It was an honor to share this experience with such a talented, generous, and kind group of people. I also thank an extended network, loosely affiliated with history, including Hugh Amano, Neil Perry, and Maureen White. My gratitude extends well beyond Brown. My wonderful friends have cheered me and carried me through these years of often lonely labor. I could not have made it to the finish line without the love and shared laughter of Sarah Graizbord, Amanda Kraus, viii Michael Blaskewicz, Larry Alan McDowell, Mary Beth Harrison, Sara Kaliski, Jessica Spillane, and Sara Lubitz. Thank you for keeping me present in a world removed from academia. My family has played a big role in sustaining me through these years. For their great love and enduring kindness I thank Michael John Ryan, Denis and Carmel Ryan, Sheila Ryan-Doherty, Catherine Gotay, Saisha Gotay, Lisa Terrero, Kevin and Christine Schuck, Mary Jane and John Conroy, Mary Jane and Charlie Sacco, and Christine Sacco. I also thank my in-laws, Frank and Sheila Schuck, for their tremendous love and support. My husband Matthew Schuck encouraged me to follow this dream, making the move from New York City to Providence with me at the beginning. From those first uncertain days, to the pink house on Hope Street, to the completion of this project, with unfailing love, patience, and support, Matt has anchored and balanced my life and my work. Even though it has not been easy, with humor, tenderness, and with great generosity, he has facilitated the completion of this book by keeping me sane, and fed, and happy, and loved. There are simply no words to express my gratitude for your partnership on this long journey. I love you and know how lucky I am. Finally, my parents, Michael Ryan and Jeannie Ryan. How do I adequately thank the first two people to believe in me? At times, I am awestruck. They worked so hard to give me and my brother a world full of opportunities that they never had. With great emotion and warmth, they nurtured me and made sure I believed that I could be anything I wanted to be when I grew up. This early gift, their abiding faith in me, their consistent support, and above all, their overwhelming love have made me the person that I am, and have made all of this possible.
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