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Auf Den Spuren Von Christian VON STEVEN: Orchideen- Und Bestäuberuntersuchungen Im Krimgebirge 2011 Und 2012

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Auf Den Spuren Von Christian VON STEVEN: Orchideen- Und Bestäuberuntersuchungen Im Krimgebirge 2011 Und 2012 Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 29 (2): 5- 63; 2012 Auf den Spuren von Christian VON STEVEN : Orchideen- und Bestäuberuntersuchungen im Krimgebirge 2011 und 2012 Werner HA H N Keywords: Orchidaceae; Anacamptis morio subsp. caucasica, Anacamptis pyrami- dalis var. orientalis, Epipactis helleborine, Epipactis helleborine subsp. orientalis, Epipactis taurica, Epipactis turcica, Himantoglossum affine, Himantoglossum caprinum, Himantoglossum jankae, Orchis punctulata, Orchis purpurea, Orchis punctulata × Orchis purpurea, Orchis militaris subsp. stevenii, Orchis militaris subsp. stevenii × Orchis simia, Ophrys oestrifera, Ophrys mammosa subsp. taurica, Orchis mascula subsp. wan- jkowii, Platanthera spec., new findings; pollinators of Ophrys oestrifera, Orchis simia and Himantoglossum caprinum; Flora of Crimea (Ukraine), conservation. Zusammenfassung/Summary: HA H N , W. (2012): Auf den Spuren von Christian VON STEVEN : Orchideen- und Bestäuberuntersuchungen im Krimgebirge 2011 und 2012. Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 29 (2): 5 - 63. In den beiden letzten Maiwochen 2011 und 2012 unternahm der Autor mit mehreren Begleitern botanische Exkursionen ins südwestliche Krimge- birge. Dabei konnten eine Reihe neuer Erkenntnisse zur Orchideenflora der Krim gewonnen werden. Wiederfinden konnten wir den locus typicus von Comperia comperiana und fraglich auch von Ophrys oestrifera und Himantoglossum caprinum. Als Bestäuber von Ophrys oestrifera konnten Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 29 (2): 2012 5 wir Eucera clypeata nachweisen. Neu nachweisen für die Flora der Krim konnten wir Epipactis helleborine subsp. levantina, Epipactis turcica, Limodorum abortivum var. rubra, Orchis militaris subsp. stevenii, und Orchis militaris subsp. stevenii× Orchis simia. Hingegen kommen Anacamptis laxiflora, Orchis militarisund Himantoglossum affine auf der Krim nicht vor und müssen aus den entsprechenden Florenverzeich- nissen gestrichen werden. Letztlich trugen unsere Untersuchungen mit dazu bei, dass Himantoglossum affine als jüngeres Synonym von Himantoglossum caprinum erkannt und nomenklatorische Konsequenzen gezogen wurden. During the last two weeks of May 2011 and 2012 the author and several companions undertook botanical excursions into the south-western Crimean mountain region and gained some new insights into the orchid flora of the Crimea. We re-discovered the locus typicus of Comperia comperiana and possibly also of Ophrys oestrifera. We verified Eucera clypeata as the pollinator of Ophrys oestrifera. We established new proof of the Crimean flora with Epipactis helleborine subsp. levantina, Epipactis turcica, Limodorum abortivum var. rubra, Orchis stevenii, Orchis stevenii × Orchis simia and Orchis punctulata × Orchis purpurea. However, Anacamptis laxiflora, Orchis militaris and Himantoglossum affine do not occur on the Crimea and must therefore be deleted from the relevant flora indices. This also applies to Epipactis atrorubens. Ultimately our research also contributed to the fact that Himantoglos- sum affine was identified as a younger synonym of Himantoglossum caprinum and nomenclature conclusions were drawn. В течение обеих последних майских недель в 2011 и 2012 автор с несколькими провожатыми предпринимал ботанические экскурсии в юго-западные Крымские горы. При этом смогли выясниться ряд новых сведений o флоре орхидей Крыма. Мы смогли найти locus typicus от Comperia comperiana и спорно также от Ophrys oestrifera и Himantoglossum caprinum. Опылителем Ophrys oestrifera являетсяa Eucera clypeata. По-новому для флоры Крыма мы могли наблюдать Epipactis hel- leborine subsp. levantina, Epipactis turcica, Limodorumabortivum var.rubra, Orchis militaris subsp.stevenii u Orchis militaris subsp. stevenii × Orchis simia. Напротив не встречаются в Крыму Anacamptis laxiflora, Orchis militaris u Himantoglossum affine, поэтому их следует удалить из соответствующих каталогов флоры. В конечном счете наши исследования способствовали тому, что Himantoglossum affine был обнаружен как более молодой синоним от Himantoglossum caprinum и сделаны номенклатурные выводы . 6 Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 29(2): 2012 Einleitung leider die so attraktiven Hybriden zwi- schen Orchis punctulata und Orchis In den beiden letzten Maiwochen purpurea, Ophrys mammosa subsp. der Jahre 2011 und 2012 unternahm taurica und Steveniella satyroides. der Autor mit einigen Orchideen- Dafür waren nun die sog. „späten“ freunden ausgedehnte Exkursionen Arten schon im Aufblühen. ins Krimgebirge. Primäres Ziel war der Bestäubernachweis für Ophrys Im Folgenden sollen die Ergebnisse oestrifera; darüber hinaus wollten wir unserer beiden Exkursionen beschrie- die Orchideenflora der Krim soweit ben werden. Neben der Feldarbeit wie möglich erforschen. An der ersten untersuchten wir auch die reichhaltige Exkursion (17.05. bis 29.05.2011) Sammlung von Herbarbelegen im Bo- nahmen neben dem Autor auch Ru- tanischen Institut Nikita und führten dolf HETZEL , C.A.J. KREUTZ , Rainer viele fruchtbare Diskussionen mit WEGENER und Peter ZS C H UN K E teil. ortskundigen Fachbotanikern. Und Bei der zweiten Exkursion (19.05 bis schließlich lernten wir, bei teils sehr 02.06.2012) waren neben dem Autor anstrengenden Exkursionen, ein reprä- und seiner Frau auch Lev IOFFE , Adel- sentatives Spektrum der reichhaltigen heid & Jürgen PA ssi N sowie Rainer Flora des Krimgebirges kennen. WEGENER dabei. Die Krim hat eine bedeutende Rolle Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen in der Geschichte der europäischen Klimaverläufe im Vorfeld der beiden Orchideologie gespielt. Einige der Exkursionen bekamen wir in der Zu- schönsten Taxa der europäischen Or- sammenschau ein sehr differenziertes chideenflora sind von dieser, seit 1954 Spektrum der taurischen Orchideen- zur Ukraine gehörenden Halbinsel am flora zu sehen. Während Winter und Nordrand des Schwarzen Meeres erst- Frühling 2010/2011 einen „ortsüb- mals beschrieben worden. Dennoch lichen“ Verlauf nahmen, folgte auf gibt es nur sehr spärliche aktuelle den Winter 2011/2012 eine sehr lange, Literatur zur Orchideenflora dieser anhaltende Trockenphase, so dass be- Region. Der letzte deutschsprachige reits zu Beginn unserer 2. Exkursion Beitrag datiert von 1995 (BEYER ) und all jene Taxa schon verblüht waren, beschreibt plastisch und drastisch die die wir bei der ersten Exkursion in Schwierigkeiten, unter denen Orchi- schönster Hochblüte erleben konnten. deenkartierer in der Zeit des Sowjet- Für einige Taxa war ein nahezu To- regimes zu leiden hatten. talausfall zu verzeichnen. Dies betraf Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 29 (2): 2012 7 Tabelle 1: Orchideentaxa, deren Typuslokalisation auf der Krim liegt. • Comperia comperiana (STEVEN ) AS C H ER S ON & GRAEBNER • Dactylorhiza iberica (M.BIEB . ex WILLDENO W ) SOÓ • Epipactis taurica FATERY G A & KREUTZ • Himantoglossum caprinum (M.BIEB .) SPREN G EL • Ophrys oestrifera M.BIEB . • Ophrys mammosa subsp. taurica (Agg ÉEN K O ) SOÓ • Orchis mascula subsp. wanjkowii E. WUL ff • Steveniella satyrioides (SPREN G EL ) SC H LEC H TER Abb. 1: Reliefkarte der Krim. Rechts oben unser Exkursionsgebiet im südwestlichen Krimgebirge in Vergrö- ßerung [Quelle: Wikipedia]. 8 Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 29(2): 2012 Geografie Nordteil hingegen flach bis allenfalls sanftwellig. Die Bergketten im Süden Die Krim (russisch Крым/Krym; stellen nicht nur ein geografisches ukrainisch Крим/Krym; krimtatarisch Hindernis dar; sie sind auch eine Wet- Qırım) ist eine Halbinsel im nörd- ter- und Klimascheide. Südlich des lichen Schwarzen Meer und autonome Krimgebirges an der Schwarzmeer- Republik innerhalb der Ukraine mit küste herrscht mediterranes Klima, in einer Fläche von 26.100 km² und dem Südfrüchte und auch Wein sehr rund 1,98 Millionen Einwohnern gut gedeihen. Der berühmte (nach (Stand Dezember 2005). Offiziell unseren Degustationserfahrungen heißt sie Autonome Republik Krim aber vielleicht doch überschätzte) (ukrain. Автономна Республіка Krimsekt hat hier seine Heimat. Frost- Крим/Awtonomna Respublika Krym, und Schneetage sind ausgesprochen krimtatarisch Qırım Muhtar Cumhu- selten. Nördlich des Gebirgsriegels riyeti; siehe Wikipedia). Die Krim ist sind vor allem die Winter deutlich im südlichen Teil sehr gebirgig, im Abb. 2: Typische Landschaft des südwestlichen Krimgebirges bei Ternivka (Ukraine), 25.05.2011 [W. HA H N ]. Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 29 (2): 2012 9 kälter; dort herrschen kontinentale Auf der Krim leben heute knapp zwei Klimabedingungen. Die heutige Millionen Menschen, davon 380 000 Hauptstadt der Krim ist Simferopol; in der größten Stadt der Halbinsel, in sie bestand schon in der Antike. Im Sewastopol. Neben der Mehrheitsbe- Norden ist die Krim durch die nur 4 völkerung von Russen (58,5 %) und km schmale Landenge von Perekop Ukrainern (24,4 %) leben auf der mit dem Festland verbunden, im Os- Krim auch zurückgekehrte Krimta- ten grenzt die Krim an die Meerenge taren (12,1 %) und in den Städten je von Kertsch. Im Süden der Halbinsel etwa 1000 Krimtschaken und Karaim, liegt das Krimgebirge, dessen höchste welche jüdischen Glaubens sind. Dazu Erhebungen der Roman Kosch (1545 kommen Weißrussen, Kasan-Tataren, m), der Tschatyrdag (1527 m) und Polen, Moldauer, Aserbaidschaner, der Lapata (1406 m ü.d.M.) sind. Ein Usbeken, Koreaner, Griechen, Itali- Gewässersystem ist nur rudimentär ener und Deutsche (Krimdeutsche). entwickelt. Zwischen den Sprachgruppen gibt es diverse Konflikte, insbesondere Bevölkerung und Geschichte zwischen Russen und Krimtataren. Gemäß einer Umfrage im Rahmen der Die Krim, deren Name sich vermut- Volkszählung im Jahr 2001 bezeich-
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