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Appendix A. No. 1

Chart No.1

United States of America and Abbreviations

Eighth Edition NOVEMBER 1984

Prepared jointly by

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Center

Published at Washington, D.C. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service Washington, D.C. 20230

285 INTRODUCTION

General Remarks-This publication (Chart No.1) contains symbols and abbreviations that have been approved for use on nautical published by the of America. A Glossary of Terms used on the charts of various nations is also included. The user should refer to DMAHTC PUb. No.9, American Practical (Bowditch), Volume I, for the use of the chart in the practice of and more detailed information pertaining to the chart sounding datum, and currents, visual and audible aids to navigation, etc.

Numbering-Terms, symbols, and abbreviations are numbered in accordance with a standard format approved by a 1952 resolution of the International Hydrographic Or• ganization (IHO). Although the use of IHO-approved symbols and abbreviations is not mandatory, the United States has adopted many IHO-approved symbols for standard use. Style differences of the alphanumeric identifiers in the first column of the following pages show the status of symbols and abbreviations. VERTICAL FIGURES indicate those items for which the symbols and abbreviations are in accordance with resolutions of IHO. SLANTING FIGURES indicate those symbols for which no IHO resolution has been adopted. SLANTING FIGURES ASTERISKED indicate IHO and U.S. symbols do not agree. SLANTING LETTERS IN PARENTHESIS indicate that the items are in addition to those appearing in the IHO STANDARD LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBRE• VIATIONS.

Metric Charts and Feet/Fathom Charts-In January 1972 the United States began producing certain new nautical charts in meters. Since then many charts have been issued with soundings and contours in meters; however, for some to come there will still be many charts on issue depicting sounding units in feet or fathoms. Modified repro• ductions of foreign charts are being produced retaining the native sounding unit value. The sounding unit is stated in bold type outside the border of every chart and in the chart title.

Chart Modernization-Chart symbols and labeling are brought into reasonable agree• ment with uniform international charting standards and procedures as quickly as oppor• tunity affords. An example of this is the trend toward using vertical type for labeling items referred to the shoreline of reference, and slant type for all items referred to the sounding datum. This is not completely illustrated in this publication but is reflected in new charts produced by this country in accordance with international practices.

Soundings-The sounding datum reference is stated in the chart title. In all cases the unit of depth used is shown in the chart title and in the border of the chart in bold type.

Drying Heights-On rocks and banks that cover and uncover the elevations are above the sounding datum as stated in the chart title.

Shoreline-Shoreline shown on charts represents the of contact between the land and a selected water elevation. In areas affected by tidal fluctuation, this line of contact

286 is usually the mean high-water line. In confined coastal waters of diminished tidal in• fluence, a mean water level line may be used. The shoreline of interior waters (rivers, lakes) is usually a line representing a specified elevation above a selected datum. • line is symbolized by a heavy line (A9).

Apparent Shoreline is used on charts to show the outer edge of marine vegetation where that limit would reasonably appear as the shoreline to the mariner or where it prevents the shoreline from being clearly defined. Apparent shoreline is symbolized by a light line (A7, C17).

Landmarks-A conspicuous feature on a building may be shown by a landmark with a descriptive label. (See I 8b, 36, 44, 72.) Prominent buildings that are of assistance to the mariner may be shown by actual shape as viewed from above (See I 3a, 19,47, 66). Legends associated with landmarks when shown in capital letters, indicate con• spicuous or the landmarks may be labeled "CONSPIC" or "CONSPICUOUS."

Buoys-The buoyage systems used by other countries often vary from that used by the United States. U.S. Charts show the colors, lights and other characteristics in use for the area of the individual chart. Certain U.S. distributed modified reproduction charts of foreign waters may show shapes and other distinctive features that vary from those illustrated in this chart. In the U.S. system, on entering a from seaward, buoys on the starboard side are red with even numbers, on the port side, black or green with odd numbers. Lights on buoys on the starboard side of the channel are red or white, on the port side, white or green. Mid-channel buoys have red and white or black and white vertical stripes and may be passed on either side. Junction or obstruction buoys have red and green or red and black horizontal bands, the top band color indicating the preferred side of passage. This system does not apply to foreign waters.

IALA Buoyage System-The International Association of Authorities (IALA) Maritime Buoyage System (combined Cardinal-Lateral System) is being implemented by nearly every maritime buoyage jurisdiction worldwide as either REGION A buoyage (red to port) or REGION B buoyage (red to starboard). The terms "REGION A" and "REGION B" will be used to determine which type of buoyage is in effect or undergoing conversion in a particular area. The major difference in the two buoyage regions will be in the lateral marks. In REGION A they will be red to port; in REGION B they will be red to starboard. Shapes of lateral marks will be the same in both REGIONS, can to port; cone (nun) to starboard. Cardinal and other marks will continue to follow guide• lines and may be found in both REGIONS. A modified , indicating the prefer• red channel where a channel divides, will be introduced for use in both REGIONS. Section L and the color plates at the back of this publication illustrate the IALA buoyage system for both REGIONS A and B.

Aids to Navigation Positioning-The aids to navigation depicted on charts comprise a system consisting of fixed and floating aids with varying degrees of reliability. There• fore, prudent mariners will not rely solely on any single aid to navigation, particularly a floating aid. The symbol is used to indicate the approximate position of the buoy body and the sinker which secures the buoy to the seabed. The approximate position is used because of practical limitations in positioning and maintaining buoys and their sinkers in precise geographical . These limitations include, but are not limited to, inherent im• precisions in position fixing methods, prevailing atmospheric and conditions, the

287 slope of and the material making up the seabed, the fact that buoys are moored to sinkers by varying lengths of chain, and the fact that buoy body and/or sinker positions are not under continuous surveillance but are normally checked only during periodic maintenance visits which often occur more than a year apart. The position of the buoy body can be expected to shift inside and outside the charting symbol due to the forces of nature. The mariner is also cautioned that buoys are liable to be carried away, shifted, capsized, sunk, etc. Lighted buoys may be extinguished or signals may not func• tion as the result of ice, ice, other natural causes, collisions, or other accidents.

For the foregoing reasons a prudent mariner must not rely completely upon the position or operation of floating aids to navigation, but will also utilize bearings from fixed objects and aids to navigation on shore. Further, a vessel attempting to pass close aboard always risks collision with a yawing buoy or with the obstruction the buoy marks.

Colors-Colors are optional for characterizing various features and areas on the charts. For instance the land tint in this publication is gold as used on charts of the National Ocean Service; however, charts of the DMA show land tint as gray.

Heights-Heights of lights, landmarks, structures, etc. are referred to the shoreline plane of reference. Heights of small or offshore rocks, which due to space limitations must be placed in the water area, are bracketed. The unit of height used is shown in the chart title.

Conversion Scales-Depth conversion scales are provided on all charts to enable the user to work in meters, fathoms, or feet.

Improved Channels-Improved channels are shown by dashed limit lines with the depth and date of the latest examination placed adjacent to the channel or in a channel tabulation.

Longitudes- are referred to the meridian of Greenwich.

Traffic Separation Schemes-Traffic separation schemes show established routes to increase safety of navigation, particularly in areas of high density shipping. These schemes were established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and are described in the IMO publication " Routing". Traffic separation schemes are generally shown on nautical charts at scales of 1:600,000, and larger. When possible, traffic separation schemes are plotted to and shown as depicted in Section P.

Names-Names on nautical charts compiled and published by the United States of America are in accordance with the principles of the Board of Geographic Names.

Correction Dates-The dates of New Editions are shown below the lower left border of the chart. These include the date of the latest applied to the charts.

U.S. Pilots, Directions, Light Lists, Lists of Lights-These related pub• lications furnish information required by the navigator that cannot be shown conveniently on the nautical charts.

U.S. Nautical Chart Catalogs and Indexes-These list nautical charts, auxiliary , and related publications and include general information relative to the use and ordering of charts. 288 Special and Foreign Symbols-Some differences may be observed between the symbols shown in Chart No.1 and symbols shown on certain special charts and repro• ductions of foreign charts. A glossary of foreign terms and abbreviations is generally shown on charts on which they are used, as well as in the . In addition, an extensive glossary is found at the back of this publication.

289 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page A. The coastline (nature of the coast) ...... 291 B. Coast features ...... 292 C. The land (natural features) ...... 292 D. Control points ...... 293 E. Units ...... , ...... 293 F. Adjectives, adverbs, nouns, and other words ...... 293 G. Ports and harbors ...... 294, 295 H. (artificial features) ...... 295, 296 I. Buildings and structures ...... 297, 298 J. Miscellaneous stations ...... 298 K. Lights ...... 299, 300 L. Buoys and ...... 300,301, 338 M. and radar stations ...... '... 301, 302 N. signals ...... 302 O. Dangers ...... 302,303 P. Various limits, etc ...... 304 Q. Soundings ...... 305 R. Depth contours and tints ...... 305 S. Quality of the bottom...... 305, 306 T. Tides and currents ...... 306, 307 U. ...... 307 V. Abbreviations of Principal Foreign Terms ...... 308-324 Index to abbreviations ...... 325--329 Aids to Navigation in United States Waters ...... 331-336 IALA Maritime Buoyage System ...... 337-342

290 A The Coastline

Coast. ,nadequIJtely surveyed ·7 Mangroves; Apparent shoreline lid Rock (uncovers al sounding (Approximate shoreline) and mangrove vegetal/on limit datum)

high low · 2 StflflP coasl 6 Surveyod COlIS/line • I Ie and Mud

2a Flal coast 9 Shoreline • '" Sand and

Uncovers

110 Coral (uncOVfInl al sounding 3 CIlITy coast datum)

3e Rocky COllSt (Aa) Approllimate sounding datum /lne

I I Foreshore; SlrIInd (In general) .,Je d .... -- r .,~J -- \ 1/ -- II ...... U"S /,,- ..... Mwd _" 13 ...... *.-...... _...... ?" _--.,.,."" 12 17 4 Sandhllls; 14 LImit 0/ unsurveyed arellS • /la Mud

. ~ .... :...... "'-- ." ...~ \ ~ ...... ~ ..... -~.:.:..~.~.... , ...... 5 Stony or shingly shore (Ab) Rubbl. · lIb Sand

\ •• , ...... - ...... - ••- •• , ...... ~ ...."';.>'.

6 Sandy shore • II C Siones; Shingle; Grevel

291 B Coast Features C The Land I G 2 B (Ba) B Bayou '" # '" 5d Nlpapa/m 3 Fd 4 L Loch; Lough; Lake Conlolr lIn.s (Con/olrs) 58 Fllao 5 Cr Creek 5a C 15 Lake; Pond 6 In 7 Str 8 Sd Sound Pass Passage; Pass 9 { Thoro Thoroughfare Ie 10 Chan Channel lOa Narrows II Entr Entrance 12 Est (used In small 12a Delta areas) 13 Mth Mouth Gress ~ -s:~~;-) Road; Roadstead 14 Rd 2 Hechures 58 Grass fields ~----~ 15 Anch Anchorage 17 Marsh; Swamp 16 Hbr Harbor Rice ~ 16a Hn Haven ~~ 17 P Port --: 7 Paddy (rice) 'i!llds (Bb) P Pond r.~ J! -• t8 Slough (Stu.) 18 I ~\ 28 Form lines, no 19 It definite intervat 7e Park; Garden 20 Arch ...... 21 Pen : .. . -• 19 RapIds Bushes • -- : ,l. •• 22 C 23 Prom Promontory 8 Bushes 24 Hd Head; .... . I. ••••• til ; ~ . .r :. • ...... 25 Pt "\:~: 20 Watflrlells 26 Mt ; Mount 8a TrH plll(lta"011 27 Rge Range 27a Valley Wooded ~r.1f teet 28 Summit .' 1It"- 21 Spring 29 Pk Peak 9 Deciduous woodland 30 Vol Volcano 31 Hill !ld 32 Bid 3 Glacier 10 Coniferous woodllllld Landing 33 {Ld9 Lndg Landing Wooded 34 Tableland 10e in generel Plateau 4 Settpans 35 R. Rk. Rock. Rocks Rks o TJ'lEE 36 Isolated rock • • ,. 'l. A .. 0 • :I'.. lin : $jn .315m " IS ' (Bc) Str 5 Isol.ted trHS "... ,. "-.:A. 0 :0".:.0 (Bd) R River (Be) Siu Slough 1 1 Tree top elevation (abo~e snore/,ne de/um) (Bf) Lag (Bg) Apprs Approaches 5e Deciduous:. of unknown or unspecified type (Bh) Rky Rocky (Bi) Is (BJ) Ma Marsh 12 Le~e flow (Bk) Mg Mangrove 5b Conrerous (BI) Sw Swamp

13 RIVer; Stream 5c Palm tree

292 D Control Points

I /1; Trlangulallon point (station) -1 ED Obs Spot Observation spot la Aslronomlc statlon 5 .,.. oBM Bench mark 2 0 Fixed point (landmark. posit/on 6 View X View point eccurate) 7 Datum point for grid of a plan (Oa) 0 Fixed point (landmark. position B Graphical Irlangulatlon point approximate) 9 Astro Aslronomlcal 3 256 Summit of height (Peak) 10 Trl Triangulation (when no/ a landmark) (Of) C oJ E Corps o( Engineers (Db) @256 Peak. accentuated by contours 12 Great Irlgonomelrlcal survey sta/lon (Dc) t% 256 Peak. accentuated by hechures ~ " 13 Traverse station (Od) ....r"' Peak, elevation nol determined 14 Bdy Boundary monument (De) 0256 Peak, when a landmark (Og) 0 International boundary monument

E Units

I hr. h Hour M. Mi 21 Minute (of arc) II (s) 2 m. min Minute (of time) {NMi. NM 22 " Second (of arc) 3 sec. s Second (of lime) 12 kn Knol(s) 23 No Number 4 m Meier 12a t Tonne (metric ton (Ea) {St M, Statute mile 4a dm Decimeter equals 2.204.6 Ibs) St Mi 4b cm Centimeter 12b cd Candela (new candle) (Eb) IIsee. liS Microsecond 4c mm Millimeter 13 lat (Ec) Hz Hertz (cps) 4d m2 meter 14 long (Ed) kHz Kilohertz (kc) (Ee) MHz Megahertz (Mc) 4e m3 Cubic meter 14a Greenwich 5 km Kilometer(s) 15 pub Publication (Ef) cps, cIs Cycles/second (Hz) (Eg) kc Kilocycle (kHz) 6 in. ins Inch(es) 16 Ed Edition (Eh) Mc Megacycle (MHz) 7 ft Foot, feet 17 eorr Correction (Ei) T Ton (U.S. short ton 8 yd, yds Yard(s) 18 alt Altitude equals 2,000 Ibs) 9 fm. fms Fathom(s) *19 ht; elev Height; Elevation 10 ebl Cable length 20 0 Degree

F Adjectives, Adverbs, Nouns, and Other Words I gt Great 25 discontd Discontinued (Fe) cor Corner 2 lit Little 26 prohib Prohibited (Ff) concr Concrete 3 Lrg Large 27 explos Explosive (Fg) fI Flood 4 sml Small 28 estab Established (Fh) mod Moderate 5 Outer 29 elec Electric (Fi) bet Between 6 Inner 30 priv Priv3te.Privately (F}) 1st First 7 mid Middle 31 prom Prominent (Fk) 2nd. 2d Second 8 Old 32 std Standard (FI) 3rd, 3d Third 9 anc Ancient 33 subm Submerged (Fm) 4th Fourth 10 New 34 approx Approximate (Fn) DW Deep Water If St Saint 35 Maritime (Fo) min Minimum 12 CONSPIC Conspicuous 36 maintd Maintained (Fp) max Maximum 13 Remarkable 37 aband Abandoned (Fq) N'ly Northerly 14 D, Destr Destroyed 38 temp Temporary (Fr) S'ly Southerly 15 Projected 39 occas Occasional (Fs) E'ly Easlerly 16 dist Distant 40 extr Extreme (Ft) W'ly Westerly 17 abt About 41 Navigable (Fu) Sk Stroke 18 See chari 42 N M Notice to Mariners (Fv) Restr Restricted 18a See plan (Fa) L N M Local Notice to (Fw) BI Blast (Fx) 19 Lighted,Luminous Mariners CFR Code of Federal Regulations 20 sub 43 Sailing Directions (Fy) COLREGS Int'I RegUlations for 21 Eventual 44 Preventing Collisions 22 AERO Aeronautical (Fb) unverd Unverified at Sea. 1972 23 Higher (Fc) AUTH Authorized (Fz) IWW Intracoastal 23a Lower (Fd) CL Clearance Waterway 24 exper Experimental

293 G Ports and Harbors

I Anch Anc:horege (11JfgtJ vessels) 1[111"""11 0 Fsh t 14 slks FIsheries.: FIshing slakes 2 Anch Anchorage (small vessels) r-', ( Fish !rep: Fish wei's i t 14a : ;...... "'- (actual shape chtrfed) 3 Hbt" Harbor 'n ..... ' .. Hn Haven 14b Duck blind 5 P Porl 15 Tunnyn91s 6 H::Z7~ Bllw Breekweter !L .. j ~-·--··i

/Sa 1IIIIIIlalllllili DIk9 ,..--. 158 ( 0)'$ / Oys Oyster bed 7 Mole '--"" 1===--::: 16 l dg.Lndg lending plllCfl 17 Watering place e ,¥- Jetty (pBl1ly below MHW) 18 ~WhI W"srf

Sa c....' ~ ",~ ,C Submerged /IItly Quay !J 19 20 ® @ Berfh Jetty (small scale) (Ge}")'/- • 20a 14 B Anchoring b.. ,h .' Q4)

9 ~P i ar Pier 2Gb 3 Berth number . Dol 10 2 1 Dolphin \~---..····_ ··r lSI A 0 /I ---i (;(-oln (parlly below MHW) . 22 R £1. Boilltrd IANCH--' ANQI Find Single point !!'ROH1BITED: PROHIB 22e ----_J SP M sfruclt.re (lighted) · 12 I~-I Anchorage prohlbl/ed 23 MoorIng rlno 24 era". L 1 (ScrlHln opt/onel) G- --... 25 landing slage r .l~1 ..... _I 25IJ lending slar s 26 Quar Qultrantlne 12a Anchorage reSi/li"Ved 1m 27 lazltret IOOAAANnN" 1 OUAR 12b ANCH Qultrantlne anchorage Herbor Mest .. l~.:~~_~ 28 Harbormasl.. ·s oirlCe '-----1 { ~ Hbr Mr · 121: 1 1 1_____ -' Qultrant/ne Anchorage ,...... - ..... - 29 @ Cus Ho Customhouse · 12d ~ 1 ___ -I Quarantine Anchorage 30 Fish ng harbor ,...... - 31 Wlnt.. harbor -1 FISH ' 12e 1* PROHIB FIshing prohibited 32 ReiugtJ harbor l ~ ~~ ~l 33 BHbt" Boa' harbor Stranding harbor L~~~.!.IJj 34 13 Spoil ~und (Dump Si!e) (uncovers el l W) ,~. L _____I } 35 Dock I Dump;": Dump/~ ground (depths may 'tnr---' (Gb) be less hen Indicated) I._~~~_I (Dump S/le) 36 Orydock (actual shape on iD;;;~~;';;'-921 ~c:::::) large scele charlsl (Gc) I c:t.1hs from survey I Disposal eree (Dump Site) I JUNE 1972 85 I 37 Floallng dock (actual shope I~_~ ____ J c::J on IlrQfl scale charts) (Gd) ® Pump - oul facilities 38 Gridiron; CarlHln/ng grid

294 G Ports and Harbors

Palent s1ip.i.,;"~way: 39 -- --r M8I'Inll ral a Calling- In point for 46a vessel trarnc control 39a .,~ Ramp Ramp R Loek (point upslream) Anchorage (or 40 ) ) 47 li -r; seaplanes 41 We/dock 42 ShlpY8l'd ~ -?f 43 Y8l'd 48 Seaplanll IlIllding 8I'ea 44 [i] Haelth CITies Hellith officer's ornce • 49 I Work In fYooress · SO :und;'--~ Under construc/lon 45 C:>C>Hk Hulk (llC tUllJ shllpe on 181'\16 1!

~""'t"'- ...... ,... ~ (Gf) iDu;;;-P-Sl~1_____ .J Dump site I

H Topography

'''''''''',"Uhh''''hhh''''''I41h .. " .. ltltlt .. ' ...... "tf .... " ------Road (Rd) or Highway (Hy) 30 Culling ------....---.....,..-_ _-...... -......

3f Q,UsewllY (Hll) HlghwllY mllrllers

Overhelld power cable Truek. Footpath or Trllil 4 2 (OVHD PWR CAB)

CONRAIL • I I I 5 $ Power Irllnsmlsslon line Slime OI"llda Railway (Ry) 3 If· (single or doublo track) 5lJ Power trllnsmisslon mast RY.llbtlYII Railrolld (RR) Prominent lelllfTaph or 6 _. __. • l. Ry. b elow . te/aphone line + 7 Aqueduct; Wllter pipe (Hb) -+- ----+- -+- -t--r Abllndo~d rallroed L ~, Vleduct B I 31l TramwllY Be Plpellnll 3b Railway stetlon • Pi :"PIIIwj ----F = ===f+--i- 9 Pile; Piling; Post 3c ===:::;::: = = ==F= Tunnel (rallrolld or road) . Peel . ~ ......

ge • "' f'iIr>g Pile. Piling. Post IIIUIIIII .. IIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIII • .- h""""'''''h'''''hIlU'''''fhM 3d Embenkmen/. LevfIfI 10 Highway (SfIfI HI) IIW-..__ ~-.m... ..w .....__ __-..

295 H Topography

,y-Qa,fI# ____ Se_ " Pontoon brI~ 12 Culverl 17~

Canal Clod< 17a--- Footbrldgll 13 Canal. Dllch. Locle. Sluice Ditch ~ s.- IT; ... f1oodoe!.) 18 Transport ... (sa~ as H 14)

T lea VEATQ,IIFT 6 Bridge clliaraflCft. vllrllcal 14 Bridge In general (SR) 1.

Brl~ clearanc.. lab HOt. Cl ~FT .. 28 ... J _ -1" horizontal (He) 1 - 1" Brldgll under cons1ructlon 14a Stone. coneretll bridge (same as H 14) 19 Ferry (Fy) 14b Wood«," brlfll (same as 14) 14c Iron brIdge (same as H 14) '-1- ~t 14d Suspension bridge (same as H 14) (Hd) t ----- l ~,~ Cable ferry

20 Ford

15 Drawbridge (In general) 21 Dam

22 .. -----+-- - .

16 Swing brldgll (same as R IS) 23 Training wall

Log boom Lilt bridge . ----~--- 168 24 .. Log boom I ) \ 1--1--1--1--1

Weighbrldge or 16b=+ += Bascule bridge

296 I Buildings and Structures

I Jk:&L City or Town (large scale) (Ic) @ Alrporl,mlli/BrY (small seal.) "ll"lr (Ia) GJ #O +4= City or Town (small scale) (Id) 0 Arporl,civll (small SCalll) la (30) HeIght of a structure 25 Mooring mast 2 Subtl'b 3 \III Village 26 SI Str"' 26a Ave AVllnue 3a ~ Bulldlng$ In general 26b Blvd Boulevtrd CJ 27 Tel TelfI(Yaph 26 T.IOff T./&fraph ofTIe. 4 :I D ells Cast/e 29 IE:IT PO Post oIfIce 30 Govi Ho GOVllfTlmllnl hoUSfl 5 • ~ 0 Houu 31 Town hall 32 0 Hosp Hospital 6 Villa + 33 Siaughtflr house 7 Farm 34 MaOl Magazine e + d + Ch Chun;h 34a Warehouse; Storehouse Be • Calh Cathedral + • 35 01.10 o Mon 1l Monument 8b 0SPlRE Spire Sph;S/flflplli 1 36 o CUP o Cup ~ Cupola 9 Romen Catholic Church iii A 37 Elevator + 0El£V o El.v .a 10 ):8:( Tllmplll -$- t (Ie) Elev Eleval/on: Elevated' II iii t Chapel 38 Siwd + + 39 Zlnc roof 12 tj Mosqufl o Ru ~ 0 40 f'::J Rllina Ruing 41 0TR o Tr ToWflf'" 12a 6 ~ Mlnare' (If) o ABANDLTHO Abandoned lighthouse (/b) MosIfIm SJrine 42 0WI NO 1.4 III ~..¥. Windmill 13 @l 0 M"",boul 43 ~ () WII,,,""JII I" ):.8( Pao Pagoda WI OMOTOR 43a ..¥. 0 Wlndmolor 15 ):.8( BuddhIst Temple; ~ tt ...Ios$-Hou!lfl 44 0CHV o Chy Chimney; SIItClc 1511 ):.8( ~ Shln/o Shrine 16 MonllStcry; Convlln! ' 45 0S1'IPE OS'pi~ JX Wal.. 10Wflf'"; Standpipe 17 Calvary; t;) 011 !ankj Gas tank: + ~ 46 0 Gashol IT; Gasomet,.,. I---:~: • 47 I D Fllcly 17a Cemetcry. Non-Ctrlstlan ~ 18 I Crm I.E;~~ CIImetcry, Orlst/an 48 --~ [Q]] 49 Brick kiln 50 ~ ¥ Mine; Ouarry 1&1 pt.. Tomb 51 o Well Well 19 ~ ~ For' (actual shape charilld) 52 CIsIIIm 53 • ~ OTANK on. Tank 20 ~ Battery 54 Norla 21 BlWTlld:s 55 FOun/am Powder maglJZlnll 22 61 Ins! Insl/lul. 62 Eslabllshmlml • 23 Alrplanll landing field 6J BathIng IIsfablishrmml ·24 ~ ~ Alrporl.large scale 64 CIHo COlTlhouS&

297 I Buildings and Structures

74 Pyrllfflid School 65 Sch 75 Pililit' (Ig) • HS Highschool 76 0 ~ El 01/ drrick (Ih) • UnlY UniverSity (1/) LId Limited 66 0 Building • •Fa BldO (lj) Api Aptrtment (lie) Cap Capitol 67 Pav Pavilion (1/) Co Company 68 Hut (1m) Corp Corporation 69 Stadium (In) Landmllt'k (position accurale) 70 T Telephone 0 (/0) 0 Landmtrle (posltion epprol(.male) 71 • • ~ Gas tank; Gasometflt' 72 o GAB o Glib Gable (Ip) ff. Flare; Slack (on land} 73 Wall

J Miscellaneous Stations

I Sill Any lelnd 01 station 15 Ice signal slatlon 2 St. Station 16 T.me signal stallon 168 Manned oceanographic Coast Gullt'd slatlon (similar slat/on 3 to LlfeSBvlno s/allon,J 6) ISb Unmanned oceanographic slatlon t: 17 Time ba/l 18 Coast Gutrd station Signal masl (Ja) C G WAlliS ~SlINOS (when landmri) 188 OM_ ~ Masl 19 f 0FS OF FlagslafT; Flagpole 0LOOKTR Lookout station; Watch low.- 4 @ 0FP O~ 5 t Lifeboat sletlon 19a 0FTR of Tr lower 20 Sional 6 Lifesaving station 21 Obsy Observatory 22 Ofr Offlce t:: (.Jc) o BELL Bell (on land) 7 RlttSt. Rocket slallon (Jd) °HECP Htrbor entrance control post (JII) o MARINE POLICE Marine police statIon Pilots 8 (f) 0PIL STA Pilot station/Pilots (J) o FIREBOAT STAnON F'rreboat s/allon (Jg) Notice botrd

9 0ss ~ SI9 St. Slonl!ll stl!l/lon 10 Sam Semaphore /I 5 SIo St. Storm Sionai slallon 12 Weathflt' slonai slallon (Jb) 0 NWSStGSTA Nallonal Wealher" Service signal slallon 13 slonai s/allon 14 Stream signal s/atlon

298 K Lights

1 l + *. Position 01 I I/ht 2511 S FI Short Flashlno '2 It Light va: v Ok FI Con/lmJous Very QuIck FlashIng (Kc) *.u .... I1~"""~ (80 10 159 -usually elthflr (Ka) R/prap SUfToundlng light 100 or 120 per minute) 0 va (3) Gt"oup Vary Quick 3 It Ho LlghlhouSlf/ IVO Inl,,"upled VIIf')' Quick 4 teRO l/J£fI.o Aeronautica/llghl UQ Continuous Ullra Quick (160 or more- usually 240 to 4a MfFlne and IIQIII JOO flashes par mInute) IUO tnl,,"upted Ultra Quick '5 Ughl !an .t/ L AI: All 26 AJternatino 6 Lighl vessel; LlOhtshlp ~ ~ Oc (2): Gp Occ 8 LlIIIlarn 27 ~ Gt"oup - Occulting 9 Street/amp Oc(2+3) 10 REF R!1fIector ("'~ Composite ITOUP occulting I FI12): Gp Fl /I ---_. L ead/ng light 28 r""'~ Gt"oup Flashing

S ol FI I/a '-.!J. ,s In line 27(1' Llohted range 28a .~ Short- Long Flashing , -····· .. ·····~··l 12 . 1::::::...... -...._ .••• Sector IIghl 28b ~"j~ Gt"oup - Short Flash no co... FFI , or. 29 FInd and Flash/ng .... ~ ...... J.... ~:~ 13 ..".;:::. •••• -.--.~~ .. "U Direclionailloht {j F GpFI CJ'f 30 ~:~ FIxed and Gt"oup Flashing 14 Harbor Roht lOa 1.10 (Al III/ht (wilh flashes 15 FIshing light grouped as In IeUer A)

16 TIdallil/hl 31 Rot Revolv/no or Rolallng Ilghl 41 Period 17 • Private IIghl (maintained by Prlv' malntd . private Interests; to be used 42 Every with caution) 43 Wllh F 21 ,,---...... Fixed (steady light) 44 Visible (ranQII) (Kd) M: 1.11: N MI NautIcal mile Oc: Occ OccuJ/lng (total duration 01 22 ~ IIghl more Ihan dark) (Ke) m:mln Minutes

(K" s: sec Seconds FI Single-Flashing (tolal 23 "" .. ,. 4,,# dura lion 01 light If1ss 45 Fl Flash Ihan darlc) 46 Oc:Occ Occultation LFI 46a Eclipse (Kb) ~ Long -Flashing (2 sec or lonQflf') 47 Gp Group FI (2+1) 48 rr-l''''''', ~""""~ Composltegroup-Oashlng Qc:Occ Intermittent light 49 SEC Sector Iso: E Int SO 23a ("" .... ,.,,.., .... Isoph8Slf/ (I/ghllllld dark equal) Color 01 SllCtor SI Au. Auxiliary light 0 ; Qk FI Conllnuous OUIck Flashing 52 VfFled 24 ,~\","I~"'<. (SO 10 79 per minute: 60 In US) 61 VI Vio/et 0(3) Group Quick 62 Purple 91.1;91 Blue lOj Inl Ok FI: 63 Ok Fl 25 tntarrupted Quick Flashing 64 G Green #'" ~""

299 K Lights

65 Or: Y Orange 72 Pro v Provisional light 80 Vert Vertical lights 66 R Red 73 Temp Temporary light 81 Hor Horizontal lights 67 W White (Kg) D: Destr Destroyed (Kh) VB Vertical beam 67a Y;Am Amber 74 Exting Extinguished light (Ki) RGE Range (Ko) Y Yellow 75 Faint light (KJ) Exper Experimental light 68 OBSe Obscured ligh! 76 Upper light Lighted offshore platform 68a Fog oetLt Fog detector light 77 Lower light (Kp) I 70 Occas Occasional fight 78 Rear light Flare (Flame) 71 Irreg Irregular light 79 Front light (Kq) ,

L Buoys and Beacons

0 Approximate posilion of buoy • I • 21 ((Tel Te'-g:aph - cable buoy · 2 '(/ Light buoy '22 0 MoorIng buoy (colors of moor - ~ 4.. In" buoys nevrr carried) -3 ((BELL ABELL Bell buoy 22a - Moorln" _ Tel Mooring buoy with le~ephic Gong buoy - 22b tIIZ!!- ·3a fI GONG .J.GONG ' 4 flWHIS .L1WH/S Whlslle buoy • 22c _ T ..r.-. Mooring buoy with telephonic communications · 5 flc .0 Can or Cyl/no-Ical buoy · 23 fI Wtrplng buoy ·6 L) Hun or Conical buoy fiN • 24 fly Ouarenllne buoy ·7 ~sp a Sphrrical buoy 24a Practice Bl'1/lt buoy

' 8 fls Spar buoy 1 - 25 flElCplos linch EKplosive anchorage buoy ' Be flp A PIIIBI' or Spindle buoy • 25a flAERO Auronau tical anchorage buoy ' 9 Buoy with topmtrk (ball) ~ 1. ' 26 flo.vlalion Compass adJustlTtflflt buoy Barrel or Ton buoy • 10 fI Cl . 27 f BW Fish trap (area) buoy (BWHB) (( (La) A Color unknown • 27a fI Spoil fTound buoy (Lb) flFLOAT s:- ' 28 fl w Anchorage buoy (mBl'ks IImlls)

• t2 OAT ' flFLOAT :¢z LI"htfloal '29 ((PrIV rnalnld Private aid to navlgallon (buoy) ..... (maintained by private IntwllSt.s. 13 Outer or Landfall buoy USil with caution) ·14 g>RW g>BW FaWway buoy (RWVS; BWVS) 30 Temporary buoy 30a Wlnt .. buoy '14a g>R W !9aw Mldchannel buoy (RWVS: BWVS) • 31 ~ HB Horizonlal bands ' 15 ' 4- Starboard- hsnd buoy (entering from SIIaward - US w,~r$ J ' 32 ~ VS Vertical stripes Port - hand buoy (fln/erin" • 16 ' '''1- ,-,- ' 33 Chec Checkured from seltWtrd - US w'~rsJ f • 33a ~ Diag DIagonal bands • /7 ' RB ' BR ' RG ' GR i RB Bifurcation buoy 41 W White ' 18 ' RB ' BR ' RG ' GR ~BR JunctIon buoy 42 B Bleck lsola/ed danger 43 R Red • /9 B ' BR ~R i RG ~G buoy 44 Y Y"lIow 4S G Grlllln ' 20 ' RB ' BR ' GR ' G Wreck buoy ' RG 4B Br Brown 47 Gy Gray • 20a IRB ' BR ' RG ' GR ' G Obstruct/on buoy

300 L Buoys and Beacons

Bu Blull '59 Piles Am Ambr Stumps 48b Q- Q-engs Slakfl$, {JflrchllS (lc) ~ARKffi ...... Private aid to navlgal/on • 51 &> 111111 Floating b"acon (and v"'al/ons) 61 <:k:...sRN '!:::ern .t::... &i1 Cairn 62 Palnllld palchlls , 52 Flx"d beacons (unlighted or daybeacons) 63 o landmlJrk (posllion lJccuralll)

Tr/anguler beacon (ld) o landmark (posit/on approxlmlJt.)

Black bllacon 64 REF Reflllc tor Ik; ctiR 0tY Squere and otllflr 65 ~ARKER J.._J--Rangs ta-gsts. markflrS Bn Bn Bn shlJplld bllscons (lll) ~ ~ ~ Spacial-purpose buoys oBn + Color unknown f ~ ~ .J Ll 1 1 111 VarIations y y 66 Ol/ Installallon buoy 67 8 DrIlling platform Bn 0 .. Bescon. In gllnBrlJl 53 70 NOTE: Ref.- 10 IALA aUOyeg8 System description on peoe 48 54 TOWlll'"bllacon for aids uS&

.56 .t.08viatlon Ccmpass adju$tmenl beacon 71 LANBY (lllf'gs Auto. Nev. Buoy); an Superbuoy 72 TANKER tllf1n/naJ buoy (moor/ng) 57 D .. : o X Topmarks ? ...... 73 ~ ODAS ODAS (Ocllanographic O.. Ia AquJslllon System) 58 T./llgraph - cable (landing) (lg) Arflcu/atlld /lg.h/ blllJCon ! Art (fioatlng light)

M Radio and Radar Stations

/ OR 51e Radio I./egraph sIal/on 9a T./.vislon mssl;TII'lIvis/on 1_ 0rvm Tr T 2 Rm °RT Radio III/Ilphone slallon 10 o (WBAI.) ®C Radio broadcasling slalion 10lI0 ~Hz (commercial) 3 @RBn. Radlobllacon • lOa DRSu. OTG radio sla/lon Ro an II Radllf' sla/lon ... @Ran. ~c Circular radiobllacon @Re Q1r:fl-- Radllf' rllspond.. bllacon 5 @; Olrecllonal radlobllscon; 12 @econ °R.S..r Radio rangs 13 ...... Re Rei Radllf'rel1ector 6 Rola/lng loop radloblllJCon @AW I .. > Re(eon.piCl Redar conspicuous obJecI · 7 @ADF. Ao OF. RG Radio dlrecllon finding slallon 14a@ Remark

(Ma) Tel_try anlenna 0."NTENNA (lElEIoI , 15 DFS 0RTNm Distance finding stlJ/lon ~LEIoIANT (synclYonized signals) (Mb) Radio re/lJY mast ~RELAY MAST 16 @~~:;~~Bn .....onautical rlJdlobllscon (Mc) tOWlil'" R C Aero 0w'CRom 17 0o.cee St. Decca stallon 9 ~ IoI AST ~ Radio mast 18 o Laren St. loran slallon (name) ~m ~ RadiO 10_ Ven!«

301 M Radio and Radar Stations

®coNSOlen (Mf) 0~~~D Lor"n to __ (n"me) 19 o 190k~ Consol (Consolan) station MMF :::: . RTR (Mp) 0'FRLI Obstruct/on IIghl (Mh) Radar dome (Md) ~RORR~ ~OOME <::hoME lRADAR) 342 :-:::: :... Nlron"u tlc,,1 r"dlo ranQa Oft. Dome ~(R"d.) (MI' uhf Ultrahigh freqll8ncy (Me) ®R"RII• Callbnlllon en Radar calibration beacon (M}) vhf Very high frequency

N Fog Signals

I Foo Sio ,~ Fog-siQnal station 13 HORN Ai- ()

2 Radio fog - signal stat/on 13a HORN Electric (foghorn) 3 GUN Explosive fOO ,,' 14 BELL FOO bell

4 Submarine fOO signal 15 WHIS FOO 5 SUB-BELL D. Submarine '00 bell 16 HORN Rood horn (action of w"ves) 17 GONG FOO pong 6 SUB - BELL (J. Submarine foo bell (mech"nlcal) 18 ® Submarine sound signal not connected to the shore 7 SU8-0SC Submarine oscll/ator

B NAUTO Nautophonll IBa @Yvv Submarine sound signal connected 10 the shore 9 DIA D/aphonll

10 GUN Fog gun (Na) HORN Typhon /I SIREN Fogshn (Nb) FogDet Lf Fog delector light 12 HORN Fog trumpet (Nc) Mo Morse Code fog signal

0 Dangers

I Rock which dOllS not cover 6a l1R 21 Obs tr Sunken danger wllh depth cleared 121/ ~ (swept) by wre drag ~ " (4 m (he/oht above MHW) ~" . :~'l .... ;~ ~ (~) *Unccv2f1 2 Rock which COVGf'S and unco VGf'S 7 RHI of unknown ex/en/ Qunc:OY 2(1 wilh hIIlght above chari sounding "121 VIZ) datum (SBfI Introduct/on) 8 (-'Sub vol Submarine volcano Qo...... 411 CD 9 I",-JD,scol wal..- Discolored water 3 !i! Rock awash al (near) level of ® VIOl q) chari sounding datum 10 €if) @ , delsched (unCOVf/t'S III soundlno dlltum) Dot/ed line emphasizes danger 10 :*:. VCo ':1ICo navigation ~.+) (Oil) Roc/c tJwasll (helghl un/cnown) ,...... ~ Corat or Rocky reef. covered al '.+ Co , ' '. ;- sound/ng datum ~~: DOlled Ilns emphasizes danger to i 3,+i \~ n"vlgtlllon 'Y---'", :?-l?" /...... '" + SubmerQad rock (depth unknown) , '\ $, . Dot/ed line emphasizes dtlnger /0 . , navlg" lion ~ II Wreclr showing tilly portion of 5 ::~::Rk {~# 5/Ioal sounding on lsG/aled rock ~ <*:~ hull or superstructure .", or rocks ,.... 1 !~2l\ (aboVl/ soundIng datum) ~S ...1 0 (8) ~/=Ilcs '. .e..J 12 ...... M •• ,. WrllCk with only masls (end 0111.- protrUding objecls) visible 3S 6 + 3SR• R SubmsrOfld rock not dang.-ous above sounding datum to surface navlpatlon i,~·::.JM 8St (10 It) +(35) '-"Funnel

302 0 Dangers

13 Old symbols for ...... :k$ 28 Wreck

136 Wreck always psrtlally $Vbmergec ~ ~ PA 29 (w.t~iQ~ <§.j) Wreckage 14 +++ Sunken wr..:k dangerous to Sllface navigation (less Ihan 29a Wreck remains (dangerous II flf1homs 0"" _lICk) only for anchoring)

14a ~ Sunken wrflC/c cO"flred 20 10 • ____4 .30 metlln1 30 .. SubmflrQed piling Subm piles Submpl/lng IS (~:Wk +++ (9) Wrec over which depth Is known .- I (f) 1. IS" J!.w. {~: Wk Wreck wlIh deplh clewed Submplles Stakes. ".... ~ by wire drag P6I'chcls ;.~':Wk +++.l!..Wk - · 30a '. Snags '. Snags; Submerged stumps ISb :I:w~ UnstrYeyed wreclc over which Ihe Stumps exacl depth 1$ unknown. bulls ...... considered 10 have a safe \TTT) clelJl"ance to the depth shown T T ...... -

16 ...... Sunken wrllCk. nol dangerous 31 Lesser deplh possible 10 Sllfsce navigation 32 Uncov Dries 17 ((;9yj) # ftI Foul fTound. Foul bot/om 33 Cov Covers 17e Mobi/bol/om I\/l/I (sand weves) 34 Uncov Unco"IIf"S

16 Tide flpS Over(ails or Tide ,.'ps 3S (3: Rep {l983) Reported (with date) Ao. ~* Eagle RIt Reported (with n"me lInd dale) Ao.A". A". (rep 1983) Ao.A".A". s • 36 Discol Discolored 19 EddIes Eddies (;)09 37 Isolated danger 9G)C) Limiting deng.- line s _... , 38 1 /~.-+,.... ,.~ ...... ,-' ••• ~ ... .J ,i L~>~· ... j) 20 Kelp -<'\--- Kelp. Seaweed 39 ...... -+...... Umlt of rocky lJI"ea 21 BIt Bani! i + r ) +; 'I.--•••• -.~ 22 Shl Shoel 41 PA Position approxlmete 23 Rf R...r 42 PO Pos4ll0n doubtful 238 Ridge 43 ED Exlstance doubtful 24 Le ledge 44 P Pas Position 2S & Breekers 45 D Doubtful or ~"/'"l.,,/...... _.I ...... /.,-~.. 46 Unexam Unexamined 26 Submerged rock (Od) LD least Depth

(Oe) ..., Subm Crib 27 Obstruction ::~;Ob$'" CrIb o Crib (Ob) GObstr • Well ... Submerged well (above water) (Of) r.;J • Pletfcnn (hQhled)OITshore platform (unnamed) :~ HOR ·.. ·Obstr §Well I Submerged _II (buoyed) (00) EI • He~el (lighted) Offshorll platform (named) HOR (Oe) ?~., ObstructIon Fish heven (lJI"Uficlal \..) (fish heven) fish",,, reef)

f"-~.-; 'K:>: L.. .. .i (actuel shepe)

303 P Various Limits, etc.

1 L .ading line: Rangtl 11I1e II ------Limit of dumpIng ground. 2 spoil fTound

3 In line with 12 Anchoragellm,t

Umll of SKlor - 13 Llmll of IIlf'port 5 Chennel,. Tree/( racommfll1ded (mlill'ked by ' 14 ------Llm/t of sovwelgnty (Temtonlll --lI--- >- buoys or bellCons) wlliurs) -- >---:.- • 15 Customs boundsry 5fJ Recommended treck for dNp ~ OW-++- d-uft wsse1s (dellned by find , /6 Inlernatlonel boundery merks) (,11$0 SllIte boundrtry) 5b I ...., " Deplh Is shown whlire II hIlS +~rW8] It-+!+-' been obte;ned by I". 17 Stream /lmlt i cogl1lzlInt eulhon/Y I I 18 ...... u .. _,,~ leellmll (Pa) ------Allemal. co~ B -Ra-Ra Reder- guIded track 19 Limit of t,de 2fJ Limit of Navigation 6e <:==== Established frafl1e seperallon scheme. One - wey frafflc /enes 21 -- <-- ) -• RecomlTlfl{lded /rac/c (nol marlt.ed ~ (Sl/PtrlJled by /lne or zone) --(-->- by buoys or beacons) ------2/B -- ~-- >- Recommended trac" for dlHlp dr ¢=:= ----,-- vIlssel$ (track nol dllflnlld by _~W___ Q~_ nKed mllrksJ

2Ib->ow""·IOW16h.). Depth Is 5hown whlre /I hIlS bee.n obtained by In. OW83 iti0W76 i coonlzen/ authority Established trufflc separelion ---,---- sc"'nNt: Roundabout 22 District or provlnr:fl limit

"no sePlJI"etlon zone ex/sIs, 23 --._- R. BtlOn line t". center of I". roundaboul /s o (Op/IOM) shown by a ere/e 24 I,.,." ~ 053' ocr· U d d 1 ~i£---I ",ellSU"e IS anell RecomnNtnd d dJrec/lon of 1nI/f/c flow ~ 7 ~ Submenne cable (power oI'VV'-'j.lVVV'tv-' lelegraph. telephone. etc.) 25 Prohibited tres (Scrlllln opllonal) 7a Cibi.-;';;'- ~ ..... "'-'V ~""T'" Submarine cable eres ------...-.""-/V ...... (Pd) SAFETY FAIRWAY Sl'uPPlng sllfe!y farway 7b AA .IV\. .IV\. AA '" Abandoned submlill'l,.. cable (two-way fraffic) (Includes disused ceb/e) B Submllrlmt pipeline Lim/is oIlormfIf" mine ------danger tree Be =~€ = Subml!rlne pipeline /!rIIa - = (Prj Reference IBrger SClJle chllrt 113861 8b Abendoned submarIne pipeline (Pg) ------Llmi! 01 fishing arellS (fish trap lIrees) 9 Mar/lime limit In general (Ph) 3-mite T"""or,,,' Sea BoUndl!rY (Pb) ~S2'S-TEE.~""T'" limit of resllic/ed lIrea 12-mlle Conllguous Zone BoundllrY; head/end 10 ' 10 -~ - -~- Llmlls of nstlonal fishIng zones Madland line

(Pc) --- -- U.S. Herbor Line (PI) ------COLREGS demarcation /,,..

304 a Soundings

so Doubtful sounding 10 HlIw-lIne depth figures 2 ~ No bo/lom found ...... 1036 tOe 19 a. 71 Figur.s (or ordlnay soundings 3 (23) Out of position

4 ~ LellSt depth In nt1lTOW chennels /I Soundings taken (rom ~ (orelgn cherls 12 S. 19 Soundings leken (rom olchr 5 J!:[FftI.~B.~' Dndged chBfln.1 (with surveys (or smaller controlling depth Indicated) seele cherts) 13 a. 19 Echo soundings 6 __1 24 F~.:2 Dredged erea __Qs;LL9IJL __ 14 S. 19 Sloping "guru

15 a. 19 Upright "gures 7 ::=~=== Swept channel 16 (~)(.?5J ..•. (2) Erlich/tid "gures

8 Drying (or uncovering) helghls ~ above charl sounding datum 17 Underlined soundln" figures ~ (rkylng) 9 Swept erea, not adequately IB 30 6, Sound,ngs expressed In sounded (shown by purple fathoms and fHt or ITHn lint) 119 22 Unsounded Bree 29 ge Swept area adequately sounded 2 II (Oa) (SWfI~t by W/f"e drag to :::6= 5 ~ Stream dept Indicated 21

R Depth Contours and Tints

Feel Fm/M.I.- Feel Fm/Melars o o 300 50 6 I 600 100 12 2 1,200 200 -_.. ------..... IB 3 I,BOO 300 24 4 2,400 400 30 5 3,000 500 36 6 6,000 1,000 60 10 Appro~'mal depln 120 20 contour IBO 30 ConllnlJOUS lines. --oS (blUfl or 240 40 w"h values bl.,k)---IOO

S Quality of the Bottom

I Grd Ground II Rk; rky Rock; Rocky (Sb) Vol Ash Volcanic ash

2 5 Sand 118 Bids 17 La Lava 3 M Mud; Muddy 12 Ck Chalk 18 An Pumice

4 Oz Ooze 128 Co Calcareous 19 T Tufa

5 MI Marl 13 Qz Quartz 20 Sc Scoriae

6 Cy; CI Clay 138 Sch Schist 21 Cn Cinders

7 c" Gravel 14 Co Coral 21a Ash

8 5n Shingle (Sa) Co Hd Coral head 22 Mn Manganese

9 p 15 Mds Madrepores 23 Sh Shells 10 51 Stones 16 Vol Volcanic 24 Oys Oysters

305 S Quality of the Bottom

25 Ms Mussels 42 h; hrd Hard 60 gn Green 26 Spg Sponge 43 slf Stiff 61 yl Yellow 27 K Kelp or Orange 44 ""I Small 62 28 ~ Seaweed 63 rd Red 45 lrg Large Grs Grass br 46 sy; stk Sticky 64 Brown 65 ch 29 Stg Sea-tangle 47 bk; brk Broken Chocolate $pi 66 gy Gray 31 Spicules 47a grd Ground (Shells) 67 1t Light 32 Fr Foraminifera 48 rt Rotten 68 dk Dark 33 GI Globigerina 49 str Streaky 70 vard Varied 34 Di Diatoms 50 spk Speckled 71 unev Uneven 35 Rd Radiolaria 51 gty Griffy (Sc) S/M Surface layer and 36 Pt Pteropods dec Decayed 52 Under layer 37 Po Polyzoa fly 53 Flinty 76 Freshwater springs in seabed 38 Cir Cirripedia 54 glac Glacial ~=r:~~

38a Fu Fucus 55 ten Tenacious (Sd) /VI.II Mobile bottom (sand waves) 38b Mo Mattes v.1I 56 White (Se) Si 39 I; Ine Fine 57 bl; bk Black (Sf) Cb Cobbles

40 C; crs Coarse 58 Violet (Sg) m Medium (used only " before S (sand)) so; sft 41 Soft 59 bu Blue Foreign Bottoms See glossary T Tides and Currents

I HW High water 10 ISLW Indian spring low water

la HHW Higher high water /I HWF&C High-water full and change (vulgar establishment of Low water 2 LW the port) (Ta) LWD Low-water datum 12 LWF&C Low-water full and change 2a LLW Lower low water 13 Mean establishment of the port 3 MTL Mean tide level 13a Establishment of the port 4 MSL Mean 14 Unit of height 4a Elevation of mean sea level 15 Equinoctial above chart (sounding) datum 5 Chart datum (datum for 16 Quarter; Quadrature sounding reduction) 17 Str Stream 9 Sp Spring tide 18 21m Current. general. with rate 7 Np Neap tide 19 2kn Flood stream (current) with rate 7a MHW Mean high water

8 MHWS Mean high - water springs 20 l.J" Ebb stream (current) with rate

8a MHWN Mean high-water neaps 21 o TIde Tide gauge; Tidepole; Automatic tide gauge 8b MHHW Mean higher high water

8c MLW Mean low water 23 vel Velocity; Rate

9 MLWS Mean low-water springs 24 kn Knots

9a MLWN Mean low-water neaps 25 ht Height 9b MLLW Mean lower low water 26 Tide

306 T Tides and Currents

27 ®- New 34 Place for which tabulated tidal 00 stream data are given 28 Full moon 35 Range (of tide) 29 • Ordinary 36 Phase lag 30 Syzygy (Tb) II9 ~• 2 Current diagram, with 1 3 explanatory note 31 fI Flood II ~ •

32 Ebb (Tc) CRD Columbia River Datum (Td) GCLWD Gulf Coast Low Water Datum 33 Tidal stream diagram

U Compass

I N 26 2 E Abnormal variation; Magnetic attraction 3 S 27 deg Degrees 4 W 28 dev Deviation 5 NE Northeast 29 Compass roses 6 SE Southeast

7 SW Southwest o 8 NW Northwest , I l~ 9 N Northern o lo . " 10 E Eastern

/I S Southern

12 W Western

21 brg; My 22 T True

23 mag Magnetic 110 24 var Variation 25 Annual change The outer circle IS in degrees with zero at true 25a Annual change nil north. The inner circles are In points and degrees with. the Indicating magnetic north.

307 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary)

ALBANIAN CHARTING TERMS K ...... creek, cope K, koder, kodra ...... hili Kenb, kenbaar ...... conspicuous, remarkable KI, klein ...... lilUe, small ARABIC CHARTING TERMS Kif ...... OJ, djebel ...... mountain, hill Krt ...... see chart G, geb, gebel ...... mountain, hill Kt ...... chalk J, ja~, jabal, jabel ...... mountain, hill Jazirat, jazt ...... island, peninsula L ...... light, longitude Jeb, jebel ...... mountain, hill LAT ...... lowest astronomical tide Jez, jezirat ...... island, peninsula LW ...... low water JI ...... mountain, hill LWS ...... low water springs K, khawr ...... inlet, channel Si, sidi ...... tamb M ...... meter, mud, muddy, nautical mile W, wad, wadi, wed ..... ,' ...... valley, river, river bed Min ...... minute MI ...... marl CHINESE CHARTING TERMS Mond, monding ...... mouth Chg, chiang ...... river, , harbor, inlet, channel, Mosselen, Ms ...... mussels sound N ...... north DANISH CHARTING TERMS No ...... number B ...... bay, Nw, nwe .. " ...... new Banke, bk ...... bank Bugt ...... bay, bight a ...... oysters Fj, fjord ...... inlet OMS ...... submarine fog signal Grd, grund ...... shoal Havn, havnen ...... harbor Pas ...... passage, pass Hd ...... headlond Pt ...... Hm ...... islet Hn ...... harbor R ...... red, river, stream Hne ...... islets Rf, r~ ...... reef Holm, holmene ...... islet, islets Ru ...... ruins Hoved ...... headland K, kap ...... cope S ...... sand, south N, nord, nordre ...... north, northern Sh ...... shells One, oyane, oyene ...... islands Sk ...... ooze Pt, pynt ...... point Sp ...... speckled Skaer, skjoer, skr ...... rack above water SS ...... signal station Sd, sund, sundet ...... sound St ...... saint Stn ...... station DUTCH (NETHERLANDS) CHARTING TERMS As ...... ash Tr ...... tower

B, baai ...... bay v ...... volcanic Bas...... woods in general Vm ...... fathom BaZ ...... notice to mariners Vs ...... flagstaff, flagpole Berg, bg ...... mountain Vss ...... established traffic separation scheme Bk ...... bank, broken Vt ...... faot, feet Br ...... brown, latitude Bu ...... blue W ...... •...... while

CG ...... coast guard station y ...... yellow, amber Cy ...... cloy ZW, zwart...... black o ...... dark Dia ...... diaphone FINNISH CHARTING TERMS Om ...... decimeter K ...... rock, reef Kallio ...... rock Eb ...... ebb Kori ...... rock, reef Kivi ...... rack F ...... fine Luodet, luoto, lu ...... rock(s) Flo ...... chimney wHh flare Mo, matolo ...... shoal So, saoret, saari ...... island(s) G ...... grovel, shingle, green, gulf Torni, tr ...... tower Gb ...... checkered, ground GEB ...... range FRENCH CHARTING TERMS Gr ...... great, large A, Ae ...... inlet, aeronautical Gs ...... gray Ant ...... front light App, oppr ...... approach H ...... : ...... cope, hook, head, headland, hour Arch, orchipel ...... archipelago Hk ...... reformed church Arg ...... cloy Horizontale lichten ...... horizontal lights +Astro ...... astronomic statipn HW ...... high water Aux...... auxiliary light

308 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary)

B ...... boulders, boy, shoal, wMe, blue F el ...... isophase light Baie ...... bay Feu ...... light Bal tel ...... telegraph-cable (landing beacon) Ff ...... fixed (steady light) Bc ...... bank Fin ...... fine B de sauv ...... lifeboat station Fjd ...... fjord Bk, bks ...... bank, banks FI ...... large river, single-flashing (total BI ...... blue duration of light less than dark) Blanc ...... white Flo ...... oil derrick Bids ...... boulders Fa ...... occulting light Ble ...... battery Fque ...... factory Blk ...... black Fr ...... suburb B M ...... low water FS ...... flag tower BM ...... bench mark Ft ...... fort Bn ...... basin FV ...... revolving, rotating light Bo, boue ...... ooze, boulder Br ...... broken, stream G ...... coarse, gull, lorge, great Brk ...... broken Go, gal ...... shingle, grovel Gaz ...... gas tonk C ...... cope, cove, inlet Gd ...... ground Co ...... calcareous Gde ...... large, great Cal ...... calcareous, channel, narrows Gg ...... fog gong Cap ...... cope GI ...... glacier Carre, carriere ...... mi~e Glu ...... stiCky Cath ...... cathedrol GP ...... group C de G ...... coast guard station Gr ...... grovel, groy Ch, Chal, chan ...... channel, narrows, chimney, Grd ...... ground Chap ...... chapel Chat, chou ...... castle H ...... hard Chou d'eau ...... water tower, standpipe Hal hop ...... hospital Chee ...... chimney stack Hd ...... head, headland Chen...... channel H deY ...... town hall Chk, chi ...... channel, narrows Hn ...... haven Chile ...... chapel Hr ...... height, harbor Chno ...... range Hrd ...... hard CI ...... bell buoy, fog bell Htfd ...... shoal Cler ...... steeple Huit ...... oysters Co, cor ...... coral Call, colline ...... hill I, is, lie, ilot, it, its ...... islond, islands, islet Coq ...... shells Ineg ...... uneven Cq ...... shells In! ...... lower, lower light Cr ...... creek Int ...... inlet, intensnied, inner Crl ...... carol Intd, interdit ...... prohibited o ...... dark, hard J ...... yellow Dec...... uncovers Jct ...... junction Det, detr ...... stroit, destroyed Detroit ...... stroit L, lac ...... lake, loch, lough Detruit ...... destroyed Lag ...... lagoon Dist ...... district Lav ...... lova Ok ...... dark Ldg ...... landing On ...... dOlphin Le, les ...... ledge, ledges One ...... customhouse Lndg ...... landing Duc d'Albe ...... dolphin Lum ...... luminous Our ...... hard M ...... morl, mud, sofl E, eclat ...... flash Mod ...... madrepores Egi ...... church Mot ...... varied EI ...... electric ME ...... neap tide Emb, embre ...... mouth Mge ...... anchorage Ent ...... entronce, inlet Mgne ...... mountain Entp ...... magazine Mid ...... middle Entree...... entrance, inlet Mig...... anchorage Env ...... about Mn ...... minute, mill Ep ...... wreck Mnt ...... monument Est ...... east, estuary Mou ...... sofl Ev ...... every, eventual Mouil, mouilloge ...... anchorage Ext ...... outer Moul ...... mussels Moy ...... middle F ...... ooze, light, unwatched light, fine Mt, mts ...... mount, mountain FAero ...... aeronautical light Mus ...... mussels F b ae ...... fixed and graup flashing light MWL ...... low water datum F be...... fixed and flashing light F det br ...... fog detector light N ...... knots, black, north Fd ...... fjord, ground NL ...... new moon Fe ...... , ...... single flashing light

309 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary)

Nrs ...... norrows Sir ...... siren Nv ...... new Sm ...... ,. submorine, stotute mile Sm, sml ...... ' ...... smoll o ...... onnuol chonge nil, occulotion So. sft. . , ...... soli Obs ...... obstruction Som ...... summit Obsc, obscd ...... obscured light Sous-morin ...... submorine Occos ...... unwotched light, occosionol light Sp, spr ...... spring tide Org ...... orange St, ste ...... Soint Stf ...... stiff P ...... port Stn ...... stotion Pos ...... possoge Str ...... stroit Pov ...... povilion Stk ...... stiCky Peb ...... pebbles Sup ...... higher Pen...... peninsulo Sy...... sticky Pi ...... stones Syz ...... syzygy Pic ...... peok Pierres ...... stones T ...... tufo Pit, p~e ...... smoll, little Tel ...... , telegroph Pk ...... peok Temp, tempre...... temporory PI ...... full moon The, tour, tr ...... tower Plo ...... toblelond, sunken flot Tr .... tufo Pm ...... high woter Pn ...... peok U ...... minutes Post ...... reor light Us ...... foctory Pr I ...... peninsulo Prom ...... promontory v ...... " ...... green, verticol li~hts Pt, pte ...... londing, point Vor ...... voried PIT ...... post office VC ...... see chort Pyr ...... pyromid VE ...... spring tide Vig ...... lookout station, wotchtower a ...... Quay Vio ...... violet Vis ...... visible (range), conspicuous R ...... river, rack, submerged rock, rodio tele- Vol sm ...... submorine volcono graph stotion, rood, roadsteod, red VPI ...... see pion Ro ...... rodor responder beocon Vue...... view point RoRo ...... rodor stOlion Vx ...... , .... old Rou ...... streom Rav ...... ravine W,wh ...... white RC ...... circulor rodiob90con WT ...... wotertower, stondpipe RC Aero ...... aeronoutical radiobeacon Rd ...... rood, roodsteod, directionol radiobeo- Y ...... nouticol mile con, radio ronge Re ...... rock, submerged rock GAELIC CHARTING TERMS Regl ...... stondord Bo, bogho ...... ' .... sunken rock Relt ...... beoring E, eileon, eileonen, en ...... , .... islond(s), islet(s) Rem ...... '.' ...... remarkable Ru, rubho ...... point Rer ...... rock, usuolly obove woter Sg, sgeir, sgr ...... rock Resr ...... oil tonk Rf, rfs ...... reef, reefs GERMAN CHARTING TERMS R6 ...... radio direction finding stotion A, amt, onslolt ...... office, estoblishment Rge ...... ronge of mountoins Ankpl ...... onchorage Rgi ...... stondord Ani ...... jeUy Riv ...... river Anst ...... approoch Rk, rks ...... rack, rocks Auff ...... conspicuous R Lto ...... riprap surrounding light Aust ...... oysters Ro Bn ...... radiobeocon Ro Tel...... rodio telephone station B ...... bay Ro Tr ...... radio tower Bnlt ...... bottery Rsv ...... oil tonk Beabs ...... projected RT ...... radio telephone station Ber ...... correction RW ...... rototing loop radiobeocon Bk ...... beocon in generol, fixed beacon BI, blou ...... blue S ...... sond, sector, south Blink, bl~ ...... long flosh, ~hort flash Sal br ...... fog-signol station Blk, biz ...... long flosh, short flosh Sante, ste ...... health officer's office Blk (1 &2) ...... , ...... composite group long floshing light Sbrv ...... color of sector, white, red, green Blk (2) ...... group long flashing light Sect ...... sector Biz ...... short floshing light Sf ...... stiff Blz-Blk ...... short-long floshing light S6 ...... sond ond gravel Biz (1 &2) ...... composite group short floshing light SII ...... soll Biz (3) ...... group short floshing light Sh ...... shool Bn ...... well Shin ...... shingle Bnt ...... voricolored Shl ...... shool Br ...... brown, chocolote, lotitude S~ ...... fog whisUe Bucht ...... boy S~ 6g ...... whistle buoy

310 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary)

Dev-Dlb ...... •...... deviotion dolphin Kst-W ...... coast guard stotion Dev-Tn ...... composs adjustment buoy Ku ...... cupola Di ...... diatoms Dki ...... dork Loz ...... lazaret Drchf ...... possoge, pass Lcht-TM ...... light Ldg-PI ...... landing, landing ploce Ehem ...... ancient Lg ...... longitude Ein! ...... inlet Lv ...... lava Eis-s ...... ice signal station Enge ...... norrows M ...... oysterbed E-werk ...... electric works Mdg ...... mouth Expl, explosiv ...... explosive Meeresorm ...... loch, lough Mgl...... ma~ F ...... fine, fixed light Mk ...... marker Fbr ...... factory MI-Bk ...... mile beacon Fd ...... ijord MNpHW ...... mean high water neaps Fhrwss ...... channel MNpNW ...... mean low water neaps Fi, f~hfn ...... fishing light, fishing horbor Mo(K) ...... • ...... morse code light, according to character Fj ...... ijord MSpHW ...... mean high water springs FkI' ...... quick flashing light MSpNW ...... mean low water springs FkI unt ...... interrupted quick flashing light Mt ...... middle FI ...... river Mt.f ...... middle light Flgtm ...... flog tower Mun-Vers Gbt ...... • ...... explosives dumping ground As, fls, ...... ' rock, rocky MW ...... meon tide level AuB ...... river Fr ...... forominnera N ...... north NF ...... radio list G ...... yellow, guH NIS .. . . . • ...... notices to mariners Gos-T ...... gas tank, gasometer N-L...... fog light Gb ...... coarse N-lich, norOch ...... northern GB ...... large, greot NO ...... northeast Gbg ...... ronge Not-8 ...... distress signal station GbK ...... shingle Nr ...... number Gd ...... ground N-S ...... fog signal station Gef-8 ...... danger signal station N-8uch.f ...... fog detector light Gel ...... extinguished NW ...... low water Gelb ...... yellow Gem ...... reported o ...... east Ger ...... lesser Oberfeuer,ob-f ...... reor light, upper light Gez.f, gezeitenfeuer ...... • ...... tidal light Obs ...... observotary Ggf ...... eventual Od,oder ...... or GI ...... globingerina Ol-T,ollank ...... oiltank Gil ...... isophose light Or ...... orange GI-Tn ...... bell buoy Gn ...... green P-A ...... post office Gr ...... gray PI, pfahle ...... pile Grs ...... see-weed, gross, mattes Priv ...... private PI ...... pterapods Pyr ...... pyramid H ...... light Hln ...... haven, harbor, port Om.f ...... cross lighf Hg ...... hill Ort-Tn ...... quarontine buoy H~ ...... peninsula OTG kusten!unkstelle r ...... • . . •. OTG-radio station Hk ...... point Ou ...... quartz HI-Tn ...... whistle buoy Hs ...... house R ...... OTG-rodlo station, reef, red HI ...... hard, hut Ra ...... radar, radar scanner, radar station HW ....• ,...... • . . . .. high water Ra-Ku ...... radar cupolo, radar dome Ra-Mst ...... radar mast I ...... institute Ra-Tm ...... radar tower RC ...... circular radlobeacon K ...... gravel RC (Aera) ...... oeronauticol radiobeacon Ka ...... calcareous Rcht~k ...... leading beacon Kai ...... quoy Rcht.f ...... leading light Kos ...... barracks RO ...... directional radlobeacon, radio range Kb-Bk ...... telegraph cable beacon Rf ...... reef Kb-Tn ...... •...... telegraph coble buoy RG ...... radio direction finding station Kblg ...... cable length Rgd ...... sond reef KI ...... litHe R-S ...... lifeboot stotion, lifesaving station Klippe, kip ...... rock, sunken rock Ru ...... ruins KI St ...... pebbles RW ...... conso! station, rotating loop Kn ...... knot radiobeocon Kor, koralle ...... caral Kr ...... chalk S ...... black, station, south Krhs ...... hospital SC ...... scoriae

311 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary)

5ch ...... shells Wchs wr ...... alternating light, white-red Sch-H ...... obstruction, depth unknown WeiB-rot ...... group alternating light, white-red Sch-H ...... sunken danger w~h depth, cleared by Wgr ...... horizontal wire drag (in German waters by diver) Wk ...... wreck Schl ...... ooze, castle W-S ...... weather signal station Schp ...... shed WSS-S ...... tide signal station Schutt-S ...... spoil ground WSS-T ...... water tonk Schw ...... sponge, faint W-Tm ...... lookout stotian Sd ...... sand, sound Sdkar ...... sabellaria Z, zah ...... tenacious, sticky SFKI ...... very quick flashing light Zbr ...... braken Sgn ...... ,' ...... signal Zgl ...... brick kiln Sgn-S ...... international signal station Zollo-A, zall-w ...... custom-house Shb ...... soiling directions Zrst ...... destroyed Siel ...... sewer Z-S ...... for shipwrecked mariners Sk ...... mud, muddy Zt-S ...... stotian Skr ...... vertical Zlwl ...... temporary, temporary buoy S-lich ...... southern Zlws ...... occasional Sm ...... nautical mile SMt ...... seamount GREEK CHARTING TERMS SO ...... southeast Ak, okra, akratirion ...... cope Sp ...... summit, peak Ali, angali ...... bight, open boy St ...... flinty, stones Ang, angiravalion ...... anchorage Stg ...... lucus, kelp ~,Haloi, Halos ...... reef(s) Str ...... stra~ Kolpos, ks ...... guH Strm-S ...... storm signal station limin, In ...... ,' ...... harbor N ...... island T ...... cloy, and Nes ...... islet Tafel ...... board Nis, nisidhes, nisls ...... islet(s) Tg-F ...... daytime light Nisoi, nisos ...... island(s) Tlws ...... portly Nai ...... island Tm-Bk ...... tower beacon 0, ormos ...... boy Tst ...... tufa Pot, patamos ...... river Ton ...... cloy Sk, skopeloi, skapelos ...... reef(s) T-S ...... telegraph office Yes ...... rocky islets Vis ...... rocky islet U ...... and Vai, vos ...... rock(s) Ua ...... etc, other Vrakhai ...... rock(s) Ubr ...... occulting light Vrakhonisides ...... rocky islets Ubr(2) ...... group occulting light Vrakhanisis ...... rocky islet Ubr(2&3) ...... composite group occulting light Vrakhas ...... rock(s) U-F ...... front light, lower light Und ...... and ICELANDIC CHARTING TERMS Ungf ...... appraximate Fjordhur, fjr ...... ijord Unr gd ...... foul ground Gr, grunn ...... shoal Unr (mun) ...... foul (explosives) Unr unrein ...... foul, wreck, remains dangerous only INDONESIAN CHARTING TERMS for anchoring Abu ...... cinders Unrein (mun~ion) ...... foul (explosives) Abu-abu ...... gray Unterfeuer ...... frant light, lower light Adjaib ...... remarkable Untf ...... shoal Arus ...... stream Usw ...... and so on Atop seng ....." ...... zinc roof U-Wss-GI ...... submarine fog bell (action of waves) Aum kabut ...... fog whistie U-Wss-GI ...... submarine fog bell (mechanical) Badai ...... storm v ...... volcanic Bogus ...... fire Va ...... cinders Bohon peledak ...... , explosive Vdktt ...... obscured Bajangan ...... shading Verb ...... prahibited Bakobaka ...... mangroves Viol...... violet Balai kata ...... town hall Vrd ...... concealed Bondar ...... harbor, port Vrsdt ...... shoaled Bangunan ...... building Vrst ...... intensHied Borak ...... barracks Vsw ...... experimented Baru ...... new Barat ...... west W ...... lookout station, watch tower, white Barat daja ...... southwest Wache, wachtturm ...... lookout station, watch tower Barat lout...... northwest Warn-F, warnfeuer ...... obstruction light Baringan ...... bearing Wch ...... soft Batre ...... battery Wchs Blk wr ...... long flashing light alternating, Batu ...... stones white-red Batu besar ...... boulder Wchs Biz wr ...... short flashing light alternating, Batu bulot-bulat ...... boulders wh~e-red Batu karang ...... rock, rocky Wchs Ubrwr ...... occulting light atternating wh~e-red ~elukar ...... bushes Wchs(2)wgn ...... group attemating light, whtte-green Berbatu-api ...... flinty

312 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary)

Berduri ...... soicules Kudus ...... saint Berpasir ...... gritty Kuning ...... yellow Besar ...... great Kwarsa ...... quartz Besar (Iuas) ...... large Biara ...... monastery, convent Laguna ...... lagoon Biasa ...... ordinary Lahar ...... lava, lava flow Biru ...... blue Lembah ...... valley Budjur ...... longitude Lia!...... tenacious, stiCky Buki!...... hill Limban ...... footbridge Bukit pasir ...... sand hills, dunes Lintang ...... latitude Busuk ...... rotten Listrik ...... electric Luor ...... outer Dalam ...... inner Luas ...... large Dalam air ...... submarine Lumpur ...... mud, muddy Danau ...... lake Lumut ...... mussels Daratan ...... land Dengan ...... with Madrepora ...... madrepores Depa ...... fathom Mota air ...... spring Deradjat ...... degrees Membusuk ...... decoyed Derwerga ...... whorl, quay Menit ...... minute Desimeter ...... decimeter Merah ...... red Detik ...... second Mesdjid ...... mosque Deviasi ...... deviation Milimeter ...... millimeter Diatoms ...... diatomo Mil lout ...... nautical mile Dibawah air ...... submerged Millautdjam ...... knots Dihentikan ...... discontinued Muara ...... mouth Dikenal ...... conspicuous Muda ...... light Dirusak ...... destroyed Diterangi ...... see plan Nomor ...... number Djalan masuk ...... entrance Djam ...... hour P ...... white Djarak ...... distant Pagar ...... fence Djingga ...... orange Palem ...... tide gouge, tide pole Dok ...... dock Pasang ...... flood Pasir ...... sand Galangan ...... shipyard Patah ...... broken Gomping ...... chalk Paviljun ...... pavilion Gelangkepil ...... mooring ring Peg, pegunungan ...... range, mountain range Gelap ...... eclipse Pelabuhan ...... road, roadstead Geredja ...... church, chapel Pembetulan ...... correction Gerundjal ...... uneven Penataran ...... establishment Glester ...... glacier Pendaratan ...... landing ploce, leading stage, stoirs Gubug ...... shed, hut Penerbitan ...... publication Gudang ...... magazine Pengeluaran ...... edttion Gunung ...... mountain Penggaraman ...... sattpans Penggergadjian ...... mill H ...... black Penting ...... prominent Holus ...... soft Peri ode ...... period Hidjau ...... green Perseroan ...... com pony Hitam ...... black Pertambangan ...... mine, quarry Pertjobaan ...... experimental Inst~ut ...... institute Peternakan ...... farm Intji ...... inch Pteropods ...... pteropoda Pulou ...... island Kaki ...... foot Puntjak ...... summit, peak Kaku ...... stiff Puri ...... castle Kampung ...... village Putih ...... white Kosar ...... , ...... coarse Katedral ...... cathedral Rabuk ...... marl Kelompok ...... group Rawa ...... marsh, swamp, slough Kepulauan ...... archipelago Rintangan ...... obstruction Kapur ...... chalk Ruangan ...... pillar Keron ...... crane Rumah ...... house Kerang ...... shells, oysters Rumput ...... grass Kerangka ...... a number of sunken ships Keras ...... hard Sawah ...... paddy fields Kerikil ...... gravel, shingle, pebbles Scoria ...... scoriae Keijepatan ...... veloc~, rate Sedjati ...... true Keijil ...... litt1e Sekolah ...... school Keijil (semp~) ...... large Seldor ...... sector Kira-kira ...... appraximate, about Sela!...... strait Koral ...... corol Selaton ...... south Kota ...... city or town Semenandjung ...... peninsula Kpn ...... archipelago Sentimeter ...... centimeter Kr, krueng ...... river Seperempat ...... quarter, quadrature

313 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary)

Stadion ...... stadium Bianco ...... whtte Suar atas ...... upper light BM ...... low water Suar bawah ...... lower light Bna ...... quay Suar belakang ...... rear light Boc, ...... mouth Suar darurat ...... auxiliary light Bq ...... quarantine buoy Suar depan ...... front light Br ...... dolphin Sumur ...... well Briccole ...... dolphin Sungai ...... river, stream Bt ...... mooring buoy wtth telephonic Surut ...... ebb communications Btg ...... mooring buoy wtth telegraphic Taman ...... park, garden communications Tandjung ...... cope BVB ...... compass adjustment buoy Tanggul ...... embankment, levee Tangki ...... tonk C ...... cape Telegrap ...... telegraph Cal ...... wharf Telepon ...... telephone Cala ...... cove Teluk ...... bay, guW, creek, cove Cam Neb ...... fog bell Tembok ...... wall Cam Stm ...... submarine fog bell Tempal...... ground Can ...... channel Tengah ...... " middle Conn Neb ...... fog gun Tenggara ...... southeast Capo ...... cope Terbatas ...... " pyramid Cas ...... castle Tertutupes ...... glacial CI ...... cove Terusan ...... tunnel (roilroad ar rood); culling Cle ...... hHi Tiang ...... wreck masts visible Cma ...... summit Tiangkepil ...... dolphin Cna ...... range Tiap-tiap ...... every Ca ...... cape Timur ...... east Caclo, cocuzzalo ...... boulder Tinggi ...... height, altitude Colle ...... hill Tjandi ...... temple Comlo ...... gable Tjerlang ...... flash Convta abb ...... monastery, convent Tjiatan ...... narrows Cop ...... covers Tjoklat ...... brown, chacolote Corne do nebbia ...... fag horn Topan ...... " typhoan Cosp, cospicua ...... conspicuous TPSB ...... great trigonometrical survey station Cn ...... shells Triangulasi ...... triangulation Cr ...... carol Tua ...... old Czo ...... mauntain, mount Tua, gelap ...... dark oecl ...... variation UdJung ...... cape oepo ...... warehause, storehause Ug ...... cape Dim ann ...... decreasing annually Unga ...... violet Dir ...... directional Utero ...... north Dr ...... dredged

Variasi ...... variation Eccl ...... occulation EF .. . • .. .. . • .. . • ...... • ...... • list af lights W, wai ...... river Elettr ...... electric Eso ...... estuary ITALIAN CHARTING TERMS Est ...... east A ...... kelp Eta ...... entronce A bond ...... flog stoff, flagpole Aco ...... ancient F ...... mud, muddy, river Aff ...... , ...... dries Fea ...... factory Alb ...... hatel Fce ...... brick kiln All to, allineamento e rolla ...... leading line, range line Fdo ...... AM ...... high water F(Ff) ...... fixed light AN ...... natice to mariners Fi Neb...... fog whistle Anc, anco ...... anchorage FLam...... fixed and flashing light Ant ...... :...... front FLam ...... fixed and group flashing light Appr ...... approximate Flo ...... chimney, stack AR ...... antenna radio Fna ...... fountain Ar ...... aronge Arcga ...... archipelago G ...... yellow A seg ...... signal mast Gde ...... great Astr ...... astronomical Grp ...... graup Aum ann ...... increasing annually Gta ...... jetty Aus ...... auxiliory A var nulla ...... annual change nil H ...... altitude Azz, azzurra ...... blue I ...... island, islands, islet, islets B ...... bay IMAM ...... mean establishment of the part Ba, baia ...... bay Int ...... lower, lower light Banco ...... bank Int ...... intermtttent light, occuHing light Battigia ...... foreshore: strand (in generol) Irreg ...... inregular Bco ...... bank

314 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary)

ISAM "" ...... high water full and change (vulgar RC ,""",","""',","""" circulor rodiobeacon establishment of the port) RC AERO ""',"',"""',',"'" aeronautical rodiobeacon Iso ...... isophase RD """"",","""""""" directional rodiobeacon, rodio range 1st, istitut ...... , institute Rdf ' , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " rodio broadcosting station Ito "...... islet Rei ,"'" , , , , , , ' , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " wreck showing any portion of hull or superstructure Lorn" .... ,,"""""""""'" flash RG """"",""","""""" radio direction finding station Lam , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ' , , , ' , " group flashing light Rifl , ...... , ...... reflector Lorn L ...... long flashing light Ril """"","",""""""" bearing LM ,', .. ,',"', .. ,","""."'" mean sea level Rist "',',"',""","""""" reprint LRS " .. ,"""""", .. ,"',:," chort datum (datum for sounding RT ,""""""""",',"""" radio telephone station reduction) RTelem """""""","""'" distance finding station (synchronized Lum "',""',"",""""""" lighted, luminous signals) RW , ' , , , , , , , , , , .. , , , , , , , , ' , , , , , " rotating loop radiobeacon M ",',""","',' , , , , , , ' , , , , , " madrepores, magnetic, mountoin, mount S ,,"""""""","',"""" sand, saint, south Mog ", .. ,"',',"" , , , , , ' , , , , , " magazine Sc , ...... ' ...... , quick flashing light, ridge of rocks Mar .. """"""""""""'" maritime Sca .. ' , , , , , , ' , , , , , , , , , , , , ' , , , , , " shoal MAMa , .. ,""""""""""'" mean high water neaps Scaf ...... ' wreck MAMS ...... , meon high woter springs Sci, sco ","',""","',""'," rock(s), reef(s) MBMa .. ,", .... ,"',"', .. ,"'" mean low woter neops Scogliera """""""""""'" ridge, ridge of rocks MBMS .. , ...... , ...... , mean low water springs Scogli, scoglio ...... , ...... rock(s), reef(s) Mgno """, .... ,""', .. ,""'" mountain, mount Scop Em , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ' , , , , , " uncovers Mlo, molo ...... , mole, pier Scro ...... , ridge Mun .. , .. , , .. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " town-hall Se, secca .. , ...... , ...... , shoal(s) Seg, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ' , , , , , , " signal Nauto , , .. ' , , , , , , , , , , .. , , , ' , , , .. " nautophone Seg Neb ...... fog signal station NE .. ,""""""","',"",'" new edition Segnale """""""',',"""" signal Nord .... , ...... north Sem, semaforo """""""""" semaphore Nord Est , , , .. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " northeast Serb, 'serbatolo bafla ' , , , , , , , , , , , , , " oil tank Nord Ouest. , , , .. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .. northwest Serro """,',""","',""', .. ronge of NP ...... new chart Set, settore , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " sector Nvo ...... , new SMt """""""",',',"""" seomount Somm """"""""""""'" submerged Occas , , , , , .. , .. , , , , , .. , , , ' , , , , ,.. occosional light Sopp, soppresso """",',""',.. discontinued Off ...... foctory Sra ' , , .. , , , , , , ' , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " range of mountains Orriz ...... , .... horizontal light Stob ...... , establishment Osc ...... obscured light Ste ...... station Osp ...... , hospital Ste Pt , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " pilot station Oss ' , , , , , , , , , , , .. , , , , .. , .. , , , , , " observatory Ste Solo " , , , , , , ' , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " lifeboat station Ost ' , .. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .. , obstruction Ste Seg .. , ...... , ...... , signal station Ouest .. " ""', .. ,"', .. ,", .. ," west Stm """""""",","""'" submarine Sto, stretto , , , , , ' , .. , , , , , , ' , ' , , ' , " strait P ...... , square Sud ...... , south Pali. , , , , , , , , .. ' .. , , , , , , , , , , , , , .. , piles, stokes, stumps, perches Sud Est ...... , ...... southeast Pass , , , , .... , , , , , , , , , , .. , , , , , , , " pass, possage Sud Ouest ...... southwest Pco, , , , .. , , , , , .. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " peak Sup """""""""""""'" higher, upper Per""" .. ,', .. ,"', .. ,"""'" period PG "' .. ,""""""',',"""" coast guord station T, , , , , .. ' , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " intermittent stream, torrent Pgio ...... , mound, small hill Tam, , .. , , , , .. ' , , , , , , .. , ' , , , , , , " temporory light Pietre ...... stones Tav , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " table-land, PiI"", .. ,""""", .. ,"""'" pillor Tel ,"""""""""',"""'" telegroph PI , .. , , , , , , .. , ' , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " piles, stakes, stumps, perches Telno """, .. ,"""","""'" telephone Plo ...... peninsulo Torre """"""""""""', .. tower Pie, ' , , .. , , , , , , ' , .. , , , , .. , , , , , , " groin Tre ,""""""" " ",,' """" tower Plo ...... ' .... , little, small Tre Ved ' , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ' , , , , , , " lookout station, watchtower Po ...... hill Tro Neb ...... fog trumpet Port, portolano , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " sailing directions TV ,,',""","",", .. ,',",'" television mast or tower Post .... , .. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " rear PPTT , .. , .. ,", .. ,',' .. ,,"',,',' telegraph office Uff ...... office Pref ...... , government house Prio """"", .. ,"",',"',', .. promontory v ,,"""""""""""""'" green, true, street Prog ...... , projected Va ...... , ...... , villa Prow ...... , .... , provisionol light Vedi piano ...... , ...... , see plan P sb ...... , landing Verde ...... green Pta ...... point, summit Vert ...... , vertical Pte ...... bridge Vietato ...... , prohibited Pta ...... hoven Viol. .... , ...... , .... , violet Pubbl ...... publication Vie ...... valley Pzo, .... , .. ,', .. ,", .. " .. ,""" peak Vno ...... , volcano Vo ...... old R """"', .... ,""', .. ,", .. ,' rodio telegroph station, rock, rocky, red VP ...... see plan Ro " .. ,', ...... ,"', .. ,','" .. ,' rood, roadstead, rodar stotion Vto , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , " prohibited Ra (cosp) , , , , , , .. , , .... ' .. , , , , .. " radar conspicuous Vto Anco ""',""","',","'" anchorage prohibited Ra RHI ...... , rodor reflector

315 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary)

Zo ...... elevation of mean sea level Lab, labn,lobuan, labuhan · anchorage, harbor above chart datum Ma, muara .. Parit .. .. stream, canal, ditch JAPANESE CHARTING TERMS Pelabohan, pin ... roadstead, anchorage B ...... bay PP ...... group of islands Byoti .. . .. anchorage Prt .. · stream, conal, ditch Cab .. · .. cable length Pu, pulau ... .. island Dake, de . .. mountain, hill Pulau-pulau . .. group of, islands Destd . · .. destroyed Pula, pulu .. · .. island Go, gawa ...... river Selat. .. strait GTS . great trigonometrical survey station SH ...... strait H ...... height Si .... river Ha, hona · cape, point Sungai, sungei ...... river Hakuchi .. roadstead Tandjong, tandjung, tanjong ... · .. cape Hi. roadstead Telok, teluk ...... bay Hn · haven Tg...... cape Hr. harbor Tk ..... · .... bay Irie ... . loch, laugh Irikuti .. . .. entrance NORWEGIAN CHARTING TERMS Ja, jima island Aero ...... · .. aeronautical Ko river Ankerplass · .. anchoring berth, anchorage Kaikyo, ko strait Aust ...... east Koiwon ... · ..... gulf Austre · .. eastern Kako. · .. estuary Kawa ...... river Bae .. .. rock (submerged rock) Ko .. . .. loch, lough, strait Bake .. .. tower beacon Koro .. passage Bakre fyr ..... rear light Kuti ...... mouth Banke .. · bank Kyoka ...... fjord Bekk · .... river, stream LL .. · list of lights Berg ...... mountain, mount, hill Mo .. .. village Bg . mountain, hill Machi, mi. · town Bifyr · ... auxiliary light Mi, misaki, mki · cape Bla . · blue Mura · village BI, blink. .. flash So ...... island Blokk ...... boulder Saki · cape, point Blot .. soft San ...... mountain Br .... brown Sankakusu . ... detto Br, bredde · latitude Sdo ...... sound, pass, channel Buk! . · .. bay, bight Seta ...... narrows, strait By ...... city, town Shima ...... island Si .. · cope, point Dia, diafon ...... diaphone Sn ..... mountain Om ...... decimeter So . .. narrows, strait Dnl ...... sailing directions Suido .. sound, pass, channel Duc d'albe . .. dolphin Take, te ...... hill, mountain Wan .. bay Efs .. · . .. notice to mariners Yo, yama ..... mountain Elv .. .. river, stream Zaki · cape, point Zan. mountain F ... · .. fine, rock, rocky, fixed Zi .. cape, point Famm .. . .. fathom Zn ...... mountain Farbar ...... navigable Fast ...... stiff, fixed MALAY CHARTING TERMS Favn ...... fathom A, oyer ... stream Fd, fdn .. fjord Bondar .. · seaport Fin ... fine Batong .. river Flak .. rock (submerged rock), bank Batu ...... ' rock Fla .. .. flood Bdr, bend or ...... · .. seaport Flu .. sunken rock Bt · .. hill Fm . .. occulting Btg ...... river Fmbl .. fixed and flashing Bu .. . .. rock Fm n fm gpoc ...... · ... group occulting light Bukit. hill Fm ac ..... · . . .. occultation Gg .. shoal, reef, islet Fremre .. front light Gg ...... mountain Fv .. fathom Gosong, gosung . · ..... shoal, reef, islet Fyr ...... light Gunong ... mountain Fyrskip .. · .... light vessel, light Gusong · .. shoal, reef, islet Kali ...... river G .. · green, coarse Kampong, kampung ... village GI...... yellow Karang ...... ' coral reef, reef Gml .. old Kg ..... village Gn . . .. green Kg .. coral reef, reef Godt synlig ..... · .. conspicuous Ki ...... river Gong .. fog gong Kia, kuala · . . . .. river mouth Gp ..... group

316 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary) Gp hbl, gp hurtigbl ...... interrupted quick flashing light P ...... post office Gp Iynbl ...... group short flashing light Pilar ...... pile, pillar Gr ...... •...... gravel Pir ...... pier Gr, gra ...... gray Pos ...... position Grad ...... degree, degrees Pr ...... private Gron ...... green Puller ...... bollord Grov ...... coorse Pynt ...... pOint, heod, headland Grunne ...... ground, rock (submerged rock), shoal Grus ...... gravel R ...... mooring ring Gs ...... sea-weed, grass Rod mast ...... radio most, radio tower. Gul ...... yellow Rod st ...... radio broadcasting station RC ...... circular radio beacon H ...... white RD ...... direction radiobeacon, radio range Hamn ...... harbor Red ...... road, roadstead Havn, havneby ...... harbor, port Rev ...... reef, ridge Hbl ...... quick flashing light RG ...... radio directing finding station Hd ...... altnude, height Rod ...... red Helle ...... ostruction RS ...... Inesaving station Hn ...... harbor R st ...... radio telegraph station Holme ...... islet RT st ...... radio telephone station Hv, hvert ...... every RW ...... rotating loop rodio beacon Hvit ...... white HW ...... high water S ...... second (oftime), southern, south, black Sec, sek ...... second (of time) In ...... inner Sekt, sektor ...... sector Sem, semafor ...... semaphore K ...... cape Sg ...... shingle, pebbles Kai ...... quay, wharf Sk ...... chimney, stock Kbl ...... coble Skoll ...... rock (submerged rock) Kil ...... cove Skalle ...... shoal Klakk ...... rock (submerged rock) Skjaer, skjart ...... shoal Kn ...... knots Skjer ...... rock (submerged rock) Kr ...... coral Skjerone ...... rocks above water Skol!...... rock (submerged rock) L ...... little, small, cloy SI ...... mud, muddy, ooze Lavere ...... lower, front light So ...... southeast Lav kyst ...... Sor ...... south Lbl ...... short flashing light Sp ...... spring tide Ldg ...... longitude St ...... saint, large, stones Lei ...... channel Stake ...... spar buoy Lengde ...... longitude Stein...... stones Lille ...... little, small Sto ...... ramp Lop...... channel Stor ...... large Los...... pilot station always attended (on older St St ...... boulders charts) Svart ...... block Ls ...... pilot office Syd ...... south LW ...... low water Sydlige ...... southern Lykt ...... light, light beacon Sydvest ...... southwest Lynbl. Iynblink ...... short flashing light Synl, synlig (rekkevidde) ...... visible (range) Lys ...... light Lysboye ...... light buoy T ...... ton Lysende ...... lighted, luminous Toren ...... \'...... sunken rock Lysflate ...... light-float Tarn ...... tower Tn ...... sunken rock M ...... middle, with, nautical TS ...... telegraph station Magn ...... magnetic Tydelig ...... conspicuous Med ...... with Mil ...... nautical mile Uren bunn ...... foul ground Myr ...... marsh, swamp Ute av bruk ...... abandoned Ute av poslsjon ...... out of position N ...... north, nautical mile, northern Uv ...... submarine Ned ...... lower Uv kl ...... submarine fog bell Nes ...... head, headland No ...... northeast, number v ...... cairn, tower beacon, western Nord ...... north Vest ...... west Np ...... neap tide Vg ...... bay, cove Nr ...... number Vks ...... atternating light Nut ...... peak Vrak ...•...... wreck Ny ...... new Vorr ...... submerged jetty Vs ...... weather signal station Os ...... estuary mouth Ost ...... east Vt, ytre ...... outer Ov ...... higher, upper, rear (light) Ovre ...... upper Zo ...... elevation of mean sea level above chart Oy ...... island datum

317 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary) PERSIAN CHARTING TERMS Cabeca de poco ...... wellhead B, bandar ...... harbor Cabo ...... head, headland Jab, jabal ...... hill, mountain Cabo submarino ...... submarine coble Jazh, jazireh ...... island, peninsula Cach ...... waterfalls K, khawr ...... inlet, channel Coda ...... every R, rud ...... river Col ...... inlet, calcareous Calhau ...... strand POLISH CHARTING TERMS Calvaria ...... calvary, cross Jez, jeziaro ...... lake Camp ...... spire, steeple Kan, kanal ...... channel Can, canol ...... channel Miel, mielizna ...... shoal Canalizacoes subm ...... submarine pipeline area R, rzeka ...... river Canhaa de nevaeiro (cerracaa) ...... fag gun , wyspa ...... island Cop ...... chapel Zat, zatoka ...... gulf, boy Carta ...... chart Coso de campo ...... villa PORTUGUESE CHARTING TERMS Cost ...... castle, brown A ...... sand, yellow, ronge of tide Cosuarina filaa ...... filaa Aband ...... abandoned Cot, catedral ...... cathedral Aero ...... aeronautical Cern ...... cemetery (non-christian) Aerom ...... marine or air navigational light Cerca de ...... about Aeroporto ...... airport Ch, Chm, CH ...... chimney, stock, elevation of top of Aero RC ...... aeronautical radiabeacan building AF, Af ...... Shoal, fine sand Ci ...... cirripeda Afl ...... muddy fine sand Cin, Cin F ...... ash, cinders Ag ...... coarse sand, spire, steeple, compass Cin, clnzento ...... gray adjustment buoy Cir ...... cirripeda Aguado ...... watering place Cist, cisterna ...... cistern Agua descoroda ...... discolored water CI ...... light (quality of bottom) AI ...... muddy sand CM ...... town-hall Alf ...... custom-house Cme ...... summit Alg ...... kelp, sea-weed Co ...... shells, cape An ...... a~ernating light Cob, cabre ...... covers Am ...... neap tide, marine and air navigation Col ...... hill light, yellow Cam .. , ...... reported Amarra ...... cable length Camp ag ...... compass adjustment beacon Amarrocao ...... mooring Compia ...... company Amb, ambar ...... amber Can ...... shells, cope AN ...... notices to rna riners Can, canv .. , ...... convent Anc ...... roadstead Consp ...... conspicuous Ang ...... cove Cor ...... carol, shoal Ant, anterior ...... front, front light Card ...... range of mountains Antigo ...... ancient Car do sector ...... calor of sector Apito ...... fog whistle Carr ...... correction Apadrecido ...... rotten Carr, corrente ...... stream Aprox ...... approximate Cre ...... chalk Ar ...... clay Crista sub...... ridge Arborizado ...... woodland Cruz ...... crass Arca vis ...... sector of visibility CS ...... wreck, telegraph coble buoy Arg ...... clay Ct ...... quick flashing light Arm ...... warehouse, storehouse CU(int) ...... interrupted quick flashing light Arq ...... archipelago CtR ...... continuous very quick light Arr ...... brook GIRl ...... interrupted very quick light Ars ...... Arsenal CtR (n) ...... group very quick light At, AT ...... lookout tower, power transmission line cn ...... post and telegraph office Aux ...... auxiliary light CtU ...... continuous u~ quick light Av ...... spring tide, avenue CtUI ...... interrupted ultra quick light Az ...... blue Cume ...... summit Cup ...... cupola B ...... grovel, boy, white Cz ...... gray Bal ...... beacon, range targets (marl

318 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary)

Dol ...... dolphin GTS ...... great trigonametrical survey Duque de alba ...... dolphin station Duro...... hard Gw...... Greenwich OW . . .. deep water route H ...... amplitude of a tidal component (half of E. .. dark, red the range), height, elevation, hour Ecl ...... eclipse Har, Hariz .. horizontal lights Ed...... edition Hara ...... time signal station, hour Electr, e~ ...... electric Elev, elevadar ...... elevator I. intermittent light, island Empena ...... gable Ig ...... church En ch, enchente ...... flood Igp .... creek Enf " in line (range) Igrejo . church Ens...... cove IH ...... sale place of charts and nautical Ent ...... entrance, magazine publications of the instituto Equin, equinocial ... · equinoctial hidrografico Erv mar ...... sea-weed, grass II. islet (islets) ES ...... signal station IIheu ...... islet Esc ..... school, dark, scoriae In ...... · .... discontinued ES(corr) . .. stream signal station Inf . lower, lower light ES(gela) . .. ice signal station Inst ...... institute ES(mare) . .. tide signal station Int ...... · .... inner, intermittent light ES(metear) ...... weather signal station Inter. intermediate, intermediate light Esp. .. sponge Irreg .. irregular light Espic, espiculas ...... spicules Is, Iso isophase light Espanja .. . · sponge Ita ...... islet ES(temp) ...... · storm signal station Est. stadium J, jarda ...... yard Estob ...... established Estal, estaleiro ...... shipyard L. mud, muddy, lake, light Estb . established La, lama...... sandy mud, lagoon, orange Est salv ...... lifesaving station LAN list of navigational aids Esto ...... creek LAR list of Estr strait L. aux. · .. auxiliary light Exp. · experimental Laz, lazareto lazaret Explos ...... explosive, explosive fog signal LC ...... full moon Ext .. outer Ld. .... ooze Extr, extrema extreme L det nev · .... fog detector light L d" .. directional lignt F ...... fixed light, branch, fine LF .. list of lights Fob...... factory Lint .. intermittent light Fol ...... , bluff L irreg ...... irregular light Foz ...... farm List, listrado ...... streaky Fc ...... fucus LN ...... new moon Fd ... fjord L/ocas .. · .... occasional light FGr Lp · fixed and group flashing light Lp. .. flash, flashing light FLp · fixed and flashing light L port · .. private light For .. foraminifera LpC ...... · .. short flashing light Foz . . .. mouth LpCI ...... Short-long flashing light Fr ...... faint light Lp R ...... quick flashing light FRI ...... fixed and flashing light L prov. provisional light FRI Agr(n), FRI(n) .. fixed and group flashing light LpRln interrupted quick flashing light Ft, FIe ...... fort, small lighthouse LpUR ultra quick flashing light Fu . .. fucus LpURln interrupted ultra quick flashing light L rot .. rotating light G .... corse, gulf, phase lag L temp ...... temporary light Gas gasometer, gas tonk Lv ...... lava Gasoduto . · gas pipeline Lz...... light GC ...... Coast Guard station Gde ...... great M. · .... meter, nautical mile, bearing Gelos .. ice signal station Mod .. modrepore Ggo ...... fog gong, gong buoy Mag...... magnetic GI . globigerina Mol, malhado. .. speckled Glac, glaciares ..... glaCial, glaciers Mang . " manganese Gal narrows Mongol ...... mangrove Ganga ...... fog gong Manganesia .... manganese Gov government house Mangrulho . . .. dolphin Gp ...... group Mangue .. mangrove Gr . . . .. great, large Mont, montida ...... maintained Gr Lp .. graup flashing light Marabuto ...... marabout Gr Lp C . group short flashing light More ...... tide Gr Lp MR ...... group very quick flashing light Mareg, moregrafo ...... tide gauge Gr Lp R . . .. group quick flashing light Mores. tide signal station Gr Dc ...... group occulting light Mar, maritimo .. maritime Mas, MAST, Mast most, signal most

319 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary)

MAST AT ...... power transmission mast Plan ...... tableland MAST (Mos)TV ...... •...... television mast PM ...... high water MASTROS ...... wreck of which only the masts are PM AM ...... mean high water neaps visible PM AV ...... mean high water springs Mat ...... boulder Po ...... peak, polyzoa Md ...... ground (shells), middle Poco ...... well Med ...... middle Pod ...... rotten Merc ...... magazine Pol ...... polyparia, palyzoa, inch Meteo ...... weather signal station Pontoa ...... hulk Mex, mexilhao ...... mussels Pas, posicoo ...... position Mg ...... magnetic, marl Post ...... rear, rear light Min...... minute of time Paste ...... post MI...... soft Pp ...... pumice MN ...... bench mark Pr ...... block, Mo ...... hill Prados ...... gross fields Ma ...... morse code light Prel ...... preliminary MON, Mon ...... monument Princ ...... principal light Most...... monastery, convent Proem, proeminente ...... prominent Mt ...... mountain, mount Prof menor, Profundidade minima em Mt sub ...... seamount canais (au rios) estrettos ...... least depth in narrow channels Mun ...... municipality Proib ...... prohibited Proj ...... projected No so ...... our lady Prom ...... promontory Nauta ...... nautophone Prov ...... provisional, provisional light Novegavel, Navg ...... navigable Pt ...... pteropods NC ...... new chart Pta ...... point NE ...... new edition Ptal ...... head, headland NM, nm ...... mean sea level, mean tide level Pub, Publ ...... publication No ...... number Purp, purpuro ...... purple No ...... knot Nora ...... noria O· ...... quarantine, quarantine buoy, quarter, Nos ...... knots quadrature, broken, farm Not, natavel ...... remarkable OC ...... 2nd quarter Novo ...... new OM ...... 1st quarter NR ...... "' ...... chart datum (for sounding Rlduction) Ota ...... farm NS ...... our lord, our lady Otel ...... barracks NV ...... unwatched light Otz ...... quartz

Obs ...... observatory R ...... true course, street, rock, rocky, river, Obsc ...... obscured light stream, rodiotelegroph station, Obst, Obstr ...... obstruction measured distance, recommended Oc ...... occulting light track Ocos ...... occasional, occasional light Ra ...... river, stream, radar guided track, radar acid, occidental ...... western station Oc Agr (n), Oc (n) ...... group occulting light Rod ...... radiolaria Oc (n t m) ...... composite group-occulting light Rada ...... road, roadstead Ocultocao ...... occultation Rap ...... romp 01 ...... brick kiln Rc ...... rock Oleoduto ...... oil pipe Rch ...... creek Ord ordinaria ...... ordinary Rd, RD ...... radiolaria, directional radiobeacon as, Ost ...... oysters Red ...... small D sub ...... submarine oscillator Res ...... tank Res met, Residuos metolicos ...... mattes P ...... broken, black, harbor, port, haven, Rest ...... spit of land preliminary, stones RF ...... radiobeocon Po ...... branch Rfa ...... reef Pod, podrao ...... standard RG ...... radio direction finding station Pag, pagode ...... pagoda RI , ...... flashing light Par ...... groy RI Agr(n) ...... group flashing light Port ...... private, privately, private aid to RI L ...... long-flashing light navigation RI(n) ...... group flashing light Pas, Pass ...... passage, pass RI(n+m) ...... composite group flashing light Pc ...... peak Riba ...... river, stream Pcel ...... bonk, sheH Ric ...... bar Pe ...... foot ...... river Ped, pedregosa ...... flinty RN ...... bench mark Pen...... peninsula Rocha ...... rock, rocky Peq ...... small, mUe Rot ...... revolving light, rotating light Per ...... : ...... period RT ...... radio telephone station Pesq ...... fish hoven Ru, ruinas ...... ruins PICD SUB ...... seamount RV ...... true course Pil, pilar ...... dolphin, pile, pillar RW ...... rotating loop radiobeacon PILDTOS ...... pilot station Pinho I...... coniferous woodland S ...... pebbles, saint, second of time, syzygy Pir, piramide ...... pyramid So ...... range of mountains, gritty

320 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary) Sarg, sargaco ...... kelp, sea-tangle G, gora ...... mountain, hill Sc ...... small bay Go, guba ...... bay, inlet, creek Sem ...... semaphore Kam, kamen ...... rock Ser ...... fog siren, saw mill M, mys ...... cape Set, setentrional ...... northern 0, ostrov, ostrova ...... islands Simb ...... symbol Oz, ozero ...... lake Sin ac sub ...... submarine sound signal with Pol, poluostrov ...... peninsula platform Proliv, pry ...... channel, strait Sino is ...... signal station R, reka ...... river Sinal...... signal Z, zaliv ...... gulf, bay Sino ...... fog bell Sino sub ...... submarine fog bell SPANISH CHARTING TERMS Sir ...... fog siren A ...... gritty, yellow, sand, orange, amber Sizigia ...... syzygy A de Bda ...... flagstaff, flagpole So ...... height of mean sea level above the zero A de 10 M ...... ronge (of tide) of tidal stoff Abr, abra ...... haven SI. Sta, sto ...... saint, farm ACo ...... sand and grovel Sub ...... submarine Ad, aduana ...... customhouse Subm ...... submerged Aero ...... aeronautical Sup ...... higher, upper light Aeromar ...... marine and oir navigotion light AF ...... sand and mud T ...... ton, temporary light, ground Agua ...... water tower, standpipe Temp ...... temporary light AI ...... alternating Temp bud, Templo budista ...... buddhist temple, joss-house Alg ...... kelp, seaweed, seaweed gross Tempo ...... •.. storm signal station Aim ...... magazine Tf, TF ...... tufa, federal territory Aim ...... mussels T oleo ...... oil tank Aim Dep ...... warehouse, storehouse Tr ...... ' .... tower, reed horn, power transmission Air ...... about mast M ...... alternating, alternating light Trib ...... courthouse Am ...... yellow Tufo ...... tufa An ...... narrows, oronge Anch ...... anchorage, bridge clearance U ...... unit of height (horizontal) Ur ...... bank, shelf Ang, angostura ...... narrows Ant ...... front light v ...... see, ooze, true, green Antg ...... ancient Va, vale ...... valley Apag, apagdo, apagada ...... extinguished light Var ...... stranding harbor (dries at low-water) Aproxte ...... approximate Var, variado ...... varied Ar ...... clay Vau ...... ford Arc ...... clay Vaz, vazante ...... ebb Arch, Archo, archipielago ...... archipelago Vd ...... green Arr!, arrecife ...... reef, rock (uncovers) Velho ...... old Arro ...... stream, creek Vel, velocidade ...... velocity, rate AS ...... signal mast Ver ...... see Aserr, aserrado ...... saw mill Vert ...... vertical, vertical lights Astrm, Astro ...... astronomical Vi ...... violet At ...... faint light Vig ...... lookout station, watch tower Aux ...... auxiliary light Viol...... violet Av, avd ...... avenue Vis, visivel (alcance) ...... visible (range) Az ...... blue Vm ...... red Vsc ...... sticky B ...... bay, white, reed horn Vul ...... volcano Ba, bahia ...... bay Vul sub ...... submarine volcano Bajo ...... shoal Bal ...... beacon (in general), bathing x ...... schist establishment Banco ...... bank Z ...... (bearing) Bat, bate ria ...... battery Zero hidrografico (plano de reducao Bca ...... mouth de sondas), ZH ...... chart datum (datum for sounding Bco ...... bank reduction) Bd, bdo ...... soft Zo ...... elevation of MSL above chart datum Bjmar ...... low water Zv ...... true bearing BM ...... low water Bo, boca ...... shoal ROMANIAN CHARTING TERMS Br, braza ...... fathom Br, brat, bratu, bratul ...... branch, arm Bulevar ...... boulevard C, cap, capu, capul ...... cape Bzo .•...... arm (of the sea), loch, lough, lake I, insula ...... island L, lac, lacu, lacul ...... lake C ...... cape, small, fog bell, shells, every, 0, ostrov, ostrovu, ostrovul ...... river island shingle, post office, quarter, quadrature RUSSIAN CHARTING TERMS Co ...... mountain range, shells, calcareous, Banko, banki, bka, bki ...... bank(s) house B, bukhta ...... bay, inlet Cable ...... cable length G, gavan ...... harbor, basin Cabo ...... cape

321 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary)

Coda · ... every E Salv .. · .. lifesaving station Cal, caleta inlet, tufa Esc .. · .. scoriae, school Calle ...... · .. street ES Horaria . .. time signal station Cam Send Hila ...... track, footpath, trail Esp ...... sponge Can, canal ...... channel, sound, canal, fog gun Esq ... .. schist Canal. · ...... dredged channel Est ...... estuary Carbon .. · .. cinders Estobdo, establecide ...... established Carta ...... chart Este ... east Cos, castillo . · castle Esto .' stadium Coso .. · ...... house Estr .. strait Cot. cathedral Event eventual Cbl ...... cable length Exp, Exper ...... experimental Cc. · .. shells Expl, Explos, Explosivo, Expvo ... explosive Cd · ...... new candle Ext, exterior ... outer Ce. .. summit Cerro .. hill F. · .... fixed light, mud, muddy, fine Cha · chimney F 0, Fd ...... fixed and flashing light, fjord Cima summit FOes · .... fixed and flashing Cisterna ..... cistern F Gp 0 · fixed and group flashing Cj . · .. gravel F GrD. · .... fixed and graup floshing Cjo ...... · farm Fabca .. .. factory CI light (quality of bottom), coral FC. railway Claro ... light (quality of bottom) Fca . · factory CN post office Fdo. ground, fjord Co gravel, hill Fdo So ...... foul ground, foul bottom Col, colina · hill Fm .. .. fathom Comp, agj · ..... compass adjustment beacon Fo ... .. lighthouse, light Con ...... with Fond .. .. anchorage Consp, conspicuo · ..... conspicuous Fondo Aero ...... anchorage for seaplanes Cord. range Fondo Prohdo anchorage prohibited Carr ...... correction Fondo sucio ...... foul ground, foul bottom Corto small Freu . · .. sound Cr ...... coral Frontispicio, Fronton ... gable Cra. mountain, range Fte · fort Cre. . .. summit Crec . · ...... flood G .. phase lag, gray, coarse, revolving or Cruz .. calvary, crass rotating light, pebbles Ct ...... quick flashing light Gde great Cte .. · ...... stream (current) Gj ... flinty Ctl int. quick flashing light Gja ..... farm Cto ...... convent, quorter, quadrature GI. glacial, globigerina CtR. · .. continuous very quick flashing light Go .. · .... gulf, shingle Cu ...... quartz Gob, gobo · .. government house Cubo, cubierto · .. covers Gong, Gongo, gong de niebla . · fog gong Gp · .. group o ...... doubtful, delta, flash, floshing light, Gp Ct · .... group Quick flashing light hard, diaphone Gp D .. · .... group-flashing light Darna ...... dock Gp Oc . .. group occulting light De .. . · dryoock, floating dock Gp Rp · group very Quick flashing light Demora, demarcacion . · ..... bearing Gr ...... group, groy, large, gravel, shingle, Des...... flashing, landing place chalk, Greenwich Descol · .. discolored, discolored water Grd ...... great, large Descubo, descubierto uncovers GrD. · group flashing light Desemb landing place GrDc .. · composite group flashing light Dest, Desta · decayed, destroyed Gr Des .. group flashing light Diaf ...... diaphone Gris gray DL · .. riprap surraunding light GrOc . · group occulting light Om. · city or town (small scale) Gru. · .. coarse Do ...... reported Gs ...... coarse Dta ...... delta H hour, height, altitude, elevation, bridge E...... east, sponge, explosive fog Signal, clearance (vertical) station, eclips~ Hila track, footpath, trail Ea...... farm Hor, hort .. horizontal light EBSalv. · .. !ifeboat station Ec ...... scoriae I ... .. island, islet Ede I P . mean establishment of the port Ig,lgla church Elec, Elect .. · electric Inf, inferior · lower, lower light Enf ...... in line with Ins, insmuto .. institute Ens, Ensa . bay, creek, cove Int, Interior .. inner Ent, entr . · ..... entrance Ip ... stiff Entrante .... flood IQ interrupted quick flashing Ep .. · .. sponge Irreg...... irregular light Equin, equinicial . · ...... equinoctial Is .. island ES ... · ..... signal station Iso,lsof . isophase light

322 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary) lie (lies) ...... islet (islets) Ord, ordinario ...... ordinary IUQ ...... •...... in!. ultro quick flashing light Os ...... oysters Iva ...... in!. very quick flashing light Osc ...... submorine oscillator, dark, obscured light Kn ...... knot, knots Ost ...... oysters osub ...... submarine oscillator L ...... light, large, ooze, lake, pond, loch, lough P ...... peok, brown, stones, position, shoal La ...... lagoon sounding on isolated rock Laz,lazareta ...... lazaret Pal ...... wreck with only mosts visible (above Lum ...... lighted, luminous sounding datum) Lv ...... lava Part ...... private, privately Paso ...... passage, pass M ...... meter, minute (of time), nautical mile, Pblo ...... village speckled Pc ...... peok Ma ...... mountain Pd ...... pebbles Mad, madreporo ...... madrepore P de 0 ...... observation spot Mag ...... magnetic P de R ...... pOint of reference Mal ...... jetty (partly below MHW) Penl, penlo ...... peninsulo Mca ...... magnetic Peq ...... little Md ...... middle, madrepares Pet ...... oil tonk M de S ...... mean low-water springs Pg ...... sticky M de Sic ...... spring tide Pie ...... foot, feet Mdo ...... speckled PiI, pilores ...... pilar Me, medio ...... middle, mole PI de R ...... chort datum (datum for sounding Mejillan ...... mussels reduction) Mj ...... mussels Plmor ...... high water MI...... ground (shells) Ply ...... beach Mlle ...... mole PM ...... high water Mma ...... swamp Pm M de S ...... mean high-woter springs Mna ...... mountoin, mount PnFo ...... light vessel, lightship Mo ...... morse code light, head, heodland Po ...... passage, pass Mol...... windmill Pob ...... village Mon ....•...... monument Pod, podrido ...... rotten Mons, monasterio ...... monastery Pol, Polv, polvorin ...... powder mogazine

Mr ...... < ••••••• marl Posn, posicion ...... position Ms de C ...... neap tide Pq ...... small Ms de S ...... •..... spring tide Pr ...... brown Mta ...... tableland (plateau) Prof men ...... lesser depth possible Mte, Mtno ...... mountain, mount Prof min ...... least depth in narrow channels Mte sub ...... seamount Proh, prohdo ...... prohibited Mto ...... monument Prom, promo ...... promontory, prominent Municipio ...... town hall Prov, Provo ...... provisional light Murolla, muro ...... wall Proy, proyecto, proyo ...... projected Mv ...... bearing Pta ...... point Pte ...... bridge N ...... north, knot, nautophone, black, nouticol Pto ...... harbor, port mile Publ, publicacion ...... publication Naut, Nautof, nautofono ...... nautophone Pz ...... pumice Nov ...... navigable N de R ...... bench mark Q ...... streom, quick floshing light Nj, nja ...... oronge ab ...... broken N M ...... mean tide level aueb, quebroda ...... streom NMM ...... mean seo level Quebrodo ...... broken No ...... number Noroy ...... dolphin R ...... red, radio fog-signol station, rodio Nat ...... notable telegroph station, rock, river, qtg NRS ...... chart dotum (datum for sounding radio stotion reduction) Ra ...... isolated rock, rodar stotion, radar Ns ...... knots guided trock Nv, nvo ...... new Rada ...... rood, roadstead Ram ...... romark o ...... dark, submarine oscillator RC ...... circular radio beacon Obs, obsn ...... obstruction Rcso ...... rocky Obso ...... observatory RD, Rd ...... directional radjobeacon, rodiolaria Obston, obstr ...... obstruction Rda ...... road, roadstead Obsv ...... observatory Rdf ...... radio broadcasting station Oc ...... occultation, occulting light Ref ...... hut Ocos, Ocasl ...... occasional, occasional light Regia ...... standard Occ ...... occulation, occulting light RF, RFo ...... Radiobeacon Occidental ...... western RG ...... rodio direction finding station Of ...... office Rga ...... ridge Orde pta ...... harbormaster's office Ria ...... creek Oficina ...... office Rs ...... rocks, ruins Of Tel ...... telegraph office Rso ...... rocky

323 V Abbreviations of principal foreign terms, (Glossary)

RT ...... radio telephone station Zona CSubm ...... submarine coble area Ru ...... dumping ground Zona Can Subm ...... submarine pipeline area RTelem ...... distance finding stotion Rui, ruinas ...... ruins SWEDISH CHARTING TERMS RW ...... ratoting loop rodiobeacon B ...... bay, bight Berg, berget, bg, bgt ...... mountain 5 ...... stotion, south, fog signal, second (of Bk ...... bank time), signal, syzygy, saint, sector Buk! ...... bay, bight 5 AS ...... submarine fog bell (mechonical) Fj, fjord...... ijord 5 A So ...... submarine fog bell (action of waves) Grd, grund ...... shoal 5 CBal ...... cardinal marf

V ...... true, green, valley, volcano, ebb, lookout tower valle ...... valley Var ...... variation Var an, Variacian anua ...... annual change VC ...... see chart Vc ...... volcanic V de T ...... triangulation point (station) Ve ...... valley Verd ...... true Vert ...... vertical lights Verto, Vertedero de draga ...... spoil area Vi ...... violet Vigia ...... lookout station, watch tower Vis ...... visible (range) Vj ...... old Vo ...... true Vol, volcon ...... volcano VP ...... see plan va ...... very quick flashing light Vt ...... streaky

Zo ...... elevation of meon sea level above chart sounding datum, chart datum (datum for sounding reduction)

324 Index of Abbreviations

A cd Candela E 12b aband Abandaned F 37 CFR Code of Federal Regulations Fx ABAND LT HO Abandoned lighthouse If CG Coast Guard J 3, Ja abt About F17 ch Chocolate 865 AERO Aeror ,a utica I F 22; K4 Ch Church 18 AERO R Bn Aeronautical radiobeacon M 16 Chan Channel B 10 AERO R Rge Aeronautical radio range Md Chec Checkered (buoy) L33 alt Altitude E18 CHY Chimney 144 AI, Alt Alternating (light) K26 Cir Cirripedia 838 Am Amber K 67a; L 48a Ck Chalk 812 anc Ancient F9 CI Clay 86 Anch Anchorage B 15; G 1, 2 CL Clearance Fd Anch prohib Anchorage prohibited G 12 cm Centimeter E4b Ant Antenna Ma Cn Cinders 821 approx Approximate F 34 Co Company Apprs Approaches Bg Co Coral 814 Apt Apartment Ij Co Hd Coral head 8a Arch Archipelago B20 COLREG8 International Regul'Jtions Art Articulated light Lg for Preventing Collisions Astro Astronomical D9 at8ea, 1972 Fy; Pi AUTH Authorized Fc concr Concrete Ff Aux Auxiliary (light) K51 conspic Conspicuous F12 Ave Avenue 126a C of E Corps of Engineers Of cor Corner Fe B Corp Corporation 1m B Bay B2 Cov Covers 033 B Bayou Ba corr Correction E17 B Beacon L54 cps, cIs Cycles per second Ef B, b, bk Black L42, 8 57 Cr Creek B5 Bdy Mon Boundary monument D 14 CRD Columbia River Datum Tc BELL Fog Bell N 14 crs Coarse 840 bet Between Fi Cswy Causeway H3f B Hbr Harbor G33 Ct Ho Courthouse 164 Bk Bank 021 CUP Cupola 136 Bkhd Bulkhead Cus Ho Customhouse G29 Bkw G6 BI Blast Fw D Bid, Bids Boulder, Boulders B 32; 8 11a D Doubtful 045 Bldg Building 166 D, Destr Destroyed F 14; Kg Blvd Boulevard 126b dec Decayed 852 BM Bench Mark D5 deg Degrees U 27 Bn Beacon (in general) L52,53 dev Deviation U 28 BR Bridge H 14 Diag Diagonal bands L33a Br, br Brown L 46; 8 64 DF8 Distance finding station M 15 brg Bearing U 21 Di Diatoms 834 brk Broken 847 DIA Diaphone N9 Bu, bu Blue K 63; L 48; 8 59 Discol Discolored 036 BWHB Black and white horizontal discontd Discontinued F 25 bands L 27 dist Distant F16 BWV8 Black and white vertical dk Dark 868 stripes L 14, 14a dm Decimeter E4a Dol Dolphin G21 C DRDG RGE Dredging Range C Can, Cylindrical (buay) L5 DW Deep Water Fn C Cape B 22 C Cove B5a E Ca Calcareous 812a E East, Eastern U 2,10 Cap Capitol Ik Ed Edition E16 Cas Castle 14 ED Existence doubtful 043 Cath Cathedral 18a elec Electric F 29 Cb Cobbles 8f elev Elevation E19 cbl Cable length E10 ELEV Elevator 137

325 Index of Abbreviations

Elev Elevation, Elevated Ie Hbr Mr Harbor Master G28 E'ly Easterly Fs Hd Head, Headland B 24 Entr Entrance B 11 HECP Harbor entrance control post Jd E Int Isophase light Hk Hulk G45 (equal interval) K23a HHW Higher high water Tla Est Estuary B 12 Hn Haven B 160; G4 estab Established F 28 Hor Horizontal lights K 81 Exper Experimental (light) Kj HOR CL Horizontal clearance H 18b exper Experimental F 24 HORN Fog trumpet, FOeighorn, Reed horn, explos Explosive F 27 Typhon N 12, 13, 130, 16, No Explos Anch Explosive Anchorage (buoy) L 25 Hosp Hospital 132 Exting Extinguished (light) K 74 hr, h Hour E 1 extr Extreme F 40 hrd Hard 842 H 8 High 8chool Ig F ht Height E 19; T 25 F Fixed (light) K 21 HW High water T 1 Facty Factory 147 Hy Highway H 1 Fd Fjord B3 Hz Hertz Ec F FI Fixed and flashing (light) K29 F Gp FI Fixed and group flashing (light) K30 Island B18 FI Flash, Flashing (light) K 23,45 10, 10k, Int Ok Interrupted quick K 25 fl Flood Fg; T 31 in, ins Inch, Inches E6 fly Flinty 853 In Inlet B6 fm Fathom E9 Inst Institute 161 fne Fine 839 Irreg Irregular K 71 Fog Det Lt Fog detector light K 680; Nb 18LW Indian spring low water T10 Fog 8ig Fog signal station N 1 Is Islands Bi FP Flagpole J 19 Iso Isophase K23a Fr Foraminifera 832 It Islet B19 F8 Flagstaff J 19 IUO Interrupted Ultra Ouick Kc Fsh stks Fishing stakes G14 IVO Interrupted Very Ouick Kc It Foot, Feet E7 IWW Intracoastal Waterway Fz Ft Fort 119 F TR Flag tower J 190 K Fu Fucus S 380 K Kelp S 27 Fy Ferry H 19 kc Kilocycle Eg kHz Kilohertz Ed G km Kilometer E5 G Gulf B 1 kn Knots E 12; T 24 G Gravel 87 G, Gn, gn Green K 64; L 20, 200, 45; S 60 L GAB Gable 172 L Loch, Lough,Lake B4 GCLWD Gulf Coast Low Water Datum Td La Lava 817 GI Globigerina 833 Lag Lagoon Bf; C 16 glac Glacial 854 LANBY Large Automatic GONG Fog gong N17 Navigation Buoy L71 Govt Ho Government House 130 lot Latitude E 13 Gp Group K47 LD Least Depth Od Gp FI Group flashing K 28 Ldg Landing, Landing place B33;G16 Gp Occ Group occulting K 27 Ldg Lt Leading light K 11 Grd, grd Ground 8 1,470 Le Ledge 024 Grs Grass 828 LFI Long flashing (light) Kb gt Great F 1 Lit Little F2 gty Gritty 851 LLW Lower Low Water T 20 GUN Explosive fog signal N3 LNM Fa GUN Fog gun N 10 Lndg Landing place B33;G16 Gy, gy Gray L47; 8 66 long Longitude E14 LOOK TR Lookout station, Watch tower J4 H L08 Pilot 8tation J8 HB Horizontal bands or stripes L 31 Irg Large F 3; 8 45 Hbr Harbor B 16; G 3 L88 Lifesaving station J6

326 Index of Abbreviations

Lt Light K2 NW Northwest U8 It Light S 67 NWS Notionol Weather Service Ltd Limited Ii Signal Station Jb Lt Ho Lighthouse K3' LW Low water T2 0 LWD Low water datum Ta OBSC Obscured (light) K68 Obs Spot Observation spot 04 M Obstr Obstruction 027 M,Mi Nautical mile E 11; Kd Obsy Observatory J 21 M Mud, Muddy S3 OC,Occ Occulting (light), m Medium Sg Occultation K22,46 m Meter E 4, d, e OC,Occ Intermittent (light) K48 m2 Square meter E4d . Occas Occasional (light) F 39; K 70 m3 Cubic meter E4e ODAS Oceanographic Data m, min Minute (of time)- E 2; Ke Aquisition System L73 Ma Marsh Bi- Off Office J 22 Ma Mattes S 38b Or, or Orange K 65; L 48b; S 62 mag Magnetic U 23 OVHD Magz Magazine 134 PWR CAB Overhead power cable H4 maintd Maintained F 36 Oys Oysters, Oyster bed S 24; G 15a max Maximum Fp Oz Ooze S4 Mc Megacycle Eh Mds Madrepores S 15 P Mg Mangrove Bk P Pebbles S9 MHHW Mean higher high water T 8b P Pillar (buoy) L 8a MHW Mean high water T7a P Pond Bb MHWN Mean high-water neaps T8a P Port B 17; G5 MHWS Mean high-water springs T8 PA Position approximate 041 MHz Megahertz Ee Pag Pagoda 114 MICRO TR Microwave tower Mc Pass Passage, Pass B9 mid Middle F7 Pav Pavilion 167 min minimum Fo PO Position doubtful 042 Mkr Marker Lc Pen Peninsula B 21 MI Marl S5 PIL STA Pilotstation J8 MLLW Mean lower low water T 9b Pk Peak B 29 MLW Mean low water T8c Pm Pumice S 18 MLWN Mean low-water neaps T9a Po Polyzoa S 37 MLWS Mean low-water springs T9 PO Post Office 129 mm Millimeter E 4c P, Pos Position 044 Mn Manganese S 22 priv Private, Privately F 30 Mo Morse code light, Priv maintd Privately maintained K 17; L 29 Fog signal K 30a; Nc Prahib Prohibited F 26 mod Moderate Fh prom Prominent F 31 MON Monument 135 Prom Promontory B 23 Ms Mussels S 25 Prav Provisional (light) K 72

Ilsec, ~!S Microsecond (one millionth) Eb Pt Point B 25 MSL Mean sea level T4 Pt Pteropods S 36 Mt Mountain, Mount B 26 pub Publication E15 Mth Mouth B 13 P F Pump-out facilities Gd MTL Mean tide level T3 PWI Potable water intake My Bearing U 21 Q N Quar Quarantine G26 N North, Northern U 1,9 Q, Qk FI Quick flashing (light) K24 N Nun, Conical (buoy) L6 Qz Quartz S 13 N M, N Mi Nautical mile E 11 NAUTO Nautophone N8 R NE Northeast U5 R Red K 66; L 15, 43 N'ly Northerly Fq R River Bd NM Notice to Mariners F 42 R Rocks B 35 No Number E 23 Ra Radar station M 11 Np I'lieap tide T7 Racon Radar responder beacon M 12

327 Index of Abbreviations

Ra (conspic) Radar conspicuous object M 14 Shl Shoal 022 RA DOME Radar dome Mh Si Silt Se Ra Ref Radar reflector U; M 13 Sig Sta Signal station J9 Ra Sur Radio responder beacon M 12 SIREN Fog siren N 11 RBHB Red and black horizontal Sk Stroke, strike Fu bands L 17, 18, 19,20, 20a S-L FI Short-long flashing (light) K28a R Siu Slough Be; C 18 Red beacon L52 Bn S'ly Souiherly Fr R Bn Radiobeacon M 3, 4,16 sml Small F 4; S 44 RC Circular radiobeacon M4 Sn Shingle S8 Rd Radiolaria S35 Sp Spring tide T6 rd Red S 63 SP Spherical (buoy) L7 Rd Road, Roadstead B 14; H 1 Spg Sponge S 26 RD Directional Radiobeacon, Spi Spicules S31 Radio range M5 S'PIPE Standpipe 145 RDF, Ro DF Radio direction finding spk Speckled S50 station M7 S Sig Sta Storm signal station J 11 REF Reflector K 10; L 64 St Saint F 11 Rep Reported 035 St Street 126 Restr Restricted Fv St Stones S10 Rf Reef 023 Sta Station J 1,2 RG Radio direction finding std Standard F 32 station M7 stf Stiff S 43 Rge Range B27 Stg Sea-tangle S 29 RGE Range Ki stk Sticky S46 Rk Rock B35 St M, St Mi Statute mile Ea Rk, rky Rock, Rocky S 11 Str Strait B7 Rky Rocky Bh Str Stream Bc; T 17 R MAST Radio mast M9 str Streaky S49 Ro Bn Radiobeacon M3 sub Submarine F20 Rot Rotating (light), Revolving K31 SUB-BELL Submarine fog bell N 5, 6 RR Railroad H3 Subm, subm Submerged F 33; 0 30 R RELAY Subm Ruins Submerged ruins Gd MAST Radio relay mast Mb SUB-OSC Submarine oscillator N7 R Sta Radio telegraph station, Sub Vol Submarine volcano 08 OTG Radio station M 1, 10a Subm W Submerged Well Ob RT Radio telephone station M2 SW Southwest U7 rt Rotten S48 sw Swamp BI R TR Radio tower M9 Ru Ruins 140 T RW Rotating loop radiobeacon M6 t Tonne E 12a RW L52 T Ton Ei Bn Red and white beacon T Telephone 170; L 22c RWVS Red and white vertical T True U 22 stripe L 14, 14a T Tufa S 19 Ry Railway H3 TB Temporary buoy L30 Tel Telegraph 127; L 22b S Telem Ant Telemetry antenna Ma S Sand S2 Tel Off Telegraph office 128 S South, Southern U 3,11 Temp Temporary (light) F 38; K 73 S Spar (buoy) L8 ten Tenacious S 55 Sc Scoriae S 20 Thoro Thoroughfare B9 Sch Schist S 13a Tk Tank 153 Sch School 165 TR, Tr Tower 141; L 63; Ld; M 9a Sd Sound B8 Tri Triangulation D 10 SD Sounding doubtful 01 T.T. Treetop C 11 SE Southeast U6 TV TR Television tower (mast) M9a sec, s Second (time; , pos.) E3; Kf SEC Sector K49 U Sem Semaphore J 10 uhf Ultra high frequency Mi S FI Short flashing (light) K25a Uncov Uncovers; Dries 02,32,34 sft Soft S 41 Univ University Ih Sh Shells S 23

328 Index of Abbreviations unverd Unverified Fb unev Uneven S 71 ,usec. ,us Microsecond (one millinoth) Eb UQ Continuous Ultra Quick Kc v var Variation U 24 vard Varied S 70 VB Vertical beam Kh vel Velocity T 23 Vert Vertical (lights) K80 VERT CL Vertical clearance H 18a vhf Very high frequency Mi Vi, vi Violet K61;S58 View X Viewpoint 06 Vii Village 13 Vol Volcanic S 16 Vol Ash Volcanic ash Sb VQ, V Qk FI Very quick flashing (light) Kc VS Vertical stripes L32 w W West, Western U 4,12 W, wh White K 67; L 41; S 56 W Bn White beacon L52 Wd Seaweed S 28 Whf Wharf G18 WHIS Fog whistle N 15 Wk Wreck 015, 15a, 28 Wks Wrecks, Wreckage 029 W Or White and orange Le W'ly Westerly Ft y Y,yl Yellow L 24, 44; S 61 yd, yds Yard(s) E8

1st First Fj 2nd, 2d Second Fk 3rd, 3d Third FI 4th Fourth Fm

Degree E20 Minute (of arc) E 21 Second (of arc) E 22

329 AIDS TO NAVIGATION

IN

UNITED STATES WATERS

331 MODIFIED U.S. AID SYSTEM LATERAL AIDS AS SEEN ENTERING FROM SEAWARD

POIIT SIDE SAFE WATER ST AlIIOARD SIDE DOD lUMBERED AIDS 10 IU BERS-MAY BE LETTERED EVEII lUMBERED AIDS o WHITE LIGHT ONLY • GREEN LIGHT ONl V Mo IA) Iic=-_=-= ___o . RED LIGHT D LV

Fl4SH I G OCCUlTING :==: OCCUlTIFl4SHI GNG :==: QUICK FlASHI EOINT ___G _ _ EDINTOUICK fLASHI___ G _ ~ RW SP "G"

sPH ER ICU liGHTED ANOItIR SOUND

G "9" ((Ij) g FI G

• GREE N UGHT ONLY

' GR Uc" I RG "S" FI G (2 I) FI R (2 + I) ~ R N "6"

CAN LIGHTED NUN PREFERRED PREfERRED CHAN EL TO CHA N El TO STARBO ARD PORT TOPMOST BAND TOPMOST BO\ND "". GREEN "". RED so .... (T GR (T RG C "L" N'W" CAN

JG .... OAI MARK G DAVMARK • .•~ " " 1" o 6. "-•.~~. ..-....~~ .

NOTE: WHEN USED ON THE INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY, THESE AIDS ARE ALSO EQUIPPED WITH SPECIAL YElLOW STRIPS, TRIANGLES, OR SQUARES. WHEN USED ON THE WESTERN RIVERS (MISSISSIPPI RIVER SYSTEM), THESE AIDS ARE NOT NUMBERED. (MISSISSIPPI RIVER SYSTEM ABOVE BATON ROUGE AND ALABAMA RIVERS)

332 AIDS TO NAVIGATION ON NAVIGABLE WATERS except Western Rivers and Intracoastal Waterway

I'OIIT $III( ...... _srAlllOARD SlOE ... • _ -_.. 0 """' ... UOHI1 • OWl .. WHI11 UOHI1 nmo==== IIllD ==== ...... "-""- OCCUlTIND -=-=-==-- OUD"-...... """ -=-=•_ OUD10 ... nlA"'_~~;. : rq on -=:11-=-"". _"""-c.) lfl,w : i'.W CT' "' ..

I.IGHTtD IIOOY

-'."". " so

;- UNUGHTtD

333 AIDS TO NAVIGATION ON THE INTRACOASTAL WATERWAY

AS SEDI ENTERING FROM NORTH AND EAST -PROCEEDING TO SOUTH AND WEST

JIOI!T SIIll . _OII O WMft't ...... ram = OCC&A.11Mi c:::-=::::=-::I nu;o= OCDATM c::::::.::::::z IP\.AIMC ...... _ --- ~ oc-~­ UGIf11 0 MWII 011 . .... LDm [II _, 10 Iff -=>-=-Cll:=- -...... ,Pl -----

"l flO ....

!lUll

DtW. PIJIIPOS( _ USED WH€R£ M ICW AND 0lHDI WATtRWAYS COIHCIIJ[

N Ia-SV ®

...... ICW ...... JIrwr ..... 1.... ~ o ...... D ...... ~,...... 0 D. QR ...... iIIIIIIIIdI...... GIIIII IW "11- "C- " I ·

334 AIDS TO NAVIGATION ON WESTERN RIVERS IMI alPPl RIVER SYSTEM!

POIIT SIC)[ JUIICTlON STARIOARD SIC)[ .. -.. -n UGKt1 ._ ...... uMCT1DM AIID DB1'IUC1'1CIffI ...... -f\AMIIOU\ ,- 00TlIIttIII'TtI QUICII """'...

PII£1tRII[O CIIAHItn. PII£1tRII[O ClWlND. __ OUCII TO STARIOARD TO POIIT l'OftIIO&T &utO liD

_ MftTI .. C WHIll .. ! lJGHTtD BUOY .- ...... UGHmI BUOY - -

176.9 JQ JR 123.5 MIU IIOMO KOW o

335 UNIFORM STATE WATERWAY MARKING SYSTEM

STATI WATtRS AND DESIGNATIO STATI WATtRS FOR PRIVATI AI.OS TO NAVIGATION REGULATORY MARKERS -

OICA ____ """"' DPUMT1IIII____ 1M' • P'UICD DC. GU1'..: nc Ml\M 01 ~ fIlIAl • nft "" -..- • _1m II nc c:.u.. IUCH AI ILDW, lID ..... ---- """"' ...... - -..--= _DC.

___..... 1_ ... to ~, ,...... 111 .....1lIIIY -- ....

AIDS TO NAVIGATION

IIOORINII IUOY DI_to WIlT."" ......

.... _ IIU HIUCfOI 011 .-.

UlTDW. SYS'TDI

336 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF LIGHTHOUSE AUTHORITIES (I.A.L.A.) MARITIME BUOYAGE SYSTEM

337 L 70 Buoys and Beacons

a .i • ,.,.,.. ,1Id ell..,,,, "'e,.,,1Id cJllmn" •G IGSII,-., .. m CONe I~' (.f "",, (.pltll Ir. ,.., .tttJ h ... en, •G ,hyl"," .'~I 11(1+'1/1 r.. •• th,ee hGtIlQntt' b nell 'If eo!o,

CardInal Marks ondlcatlng nav'gabl" w~I r lo.h named SId of the marks "ffI# fI«OIIdl ) o 5 '0 15 • I •• " • '

NtNlh VO _-~~k> " NE M., .. or O Pwdl , ." J, Enl VO(3}50 Me, . O(JJlo. En lMII' ...... "'" Po,n. of ,.,. .... f Inleresl / $out/l ... ' .. ." M., .. !,OJUi!:W'l:. ,..,.....

W. '£;'6,&10. ....- M.,A ... or l IS.

• ,,,. _ .H>lJf••• eflOM M. uSMJ (tN kg"" on ."., buo,. _ bHcons Th._1OfI 5," Io. .nd ISs ffl#ynolM ...yr/NI -c/te,,1Id

Isolated Oanger Marks. slalioned over dang rs Wllh navogabJl! ~Ier around lhem Bod, blocl ...1. ,.d bo nd " fl(1J Wh"e hg'" Tcp","or 2 bloc. bo'" ...... I l.

Safe Wal , Mlrks. such IS m,d channel and I,ndfall ma,ks Bod ,ed OM IIW III'. ,'rIce, ' ... tII 0. . ... WIIII.'lghl TGp ...., ' f,I 0." .«1 ball (ZI 1 'fl ,0. .... fW I ... .. l.. MoIA)

Special Mlrks. nol pnmanly 10 ass,$! nav'gal,on bul 10 ,nd'cale spec'al f ealures

Bod~ ,IMpe OPIIOIIM) ~w Yellow Ilpltf T~'I (II MY) /low X a.

BEACONS With CAUl S,.I..... 'OI)mIfIlS r. charred bv uP"ght """boI •. .., 1 1 f X, (:::::...)or on .....11.' · _1. chutt 11n ~ ,.,. ~ ...... ,. Be..,.,n lowen Ir, chtrted Q ~01<

COLOR ABBREVIATIONS unCW lyrnbtII. _lilly ,hoM of JI)I' buoys. tnI'f be omllled. Of mly be II ."ilnce with IymbolJ shown IbtI., LIGHT FLOATS ThelALA Sylt m .. not UIUIIiV PIlI'''' '0 '''9 loghtflOltJ (,epllcirc mtMtd 1""lShlps) 1M moy /NI.""II.., 10 ,mailer Ilgh'flOIIi • IALA ~ lln .btl,.... ,1110" 0' Inwlrnlhona' Auoc:ulUon of ltghthouH Authorlh..

338 IAlA MARITIME BUOY AGE SYSTEM lATERAL MARKS REGION A

PORT HAND ST ARBOARD HAND A

Spar

Topmark Cll any): ingle can. Topmark (iI any): ingle cone, point upward.

Ligh • when fitted. may have any ph characteristi other than that used {or preferred channel .

PREFERRED CHANNEL PREFERRED CHANNEL TO STARBOARD • TO PORT.. £

Spar Spor

Topmark (if any): ingl can. Topmark (if any): ingl cone, point upward.

Lights, when fitted, are composite group flashing Fl (2 + 1).

339 IAlA MARITIME BUOY AGE SYSTEM lATERAL MARKS REGION B

PORT HAND ST ARBOARD HANDA • A

Topmark (if any): Single can. Topmark if any): Single cone, point upward.

Lights, when fitted, may have any pha e characteristic other than that used for preferred channels.

Example. Quick FI(l,shing Flashmg Long Flashing Group Flashing

PREFERRED CHANNEL PREFERRED CHANNEL TO STARBOARD• • TO PORT

Topmark (if any): Single can. Topmark (if any); Single cone, point upward.

Lights, when fitted, are composite group flashing Fl (2+1).

340 IALA MARITIME BUOY AGE SYSTEM CARDINAL MARKS REGIONS A AND B

Topmarks are always fitted (when practicable). Buoy shapes are pillar or spar.

VQ

Q rmmnn

(3) Ss

Q(3) lOs

V (6 + LFllOs

Q (6) + L FLISs """1 ""i. s

Lights, when fitted, are white. Very Quick Flashing or Quick Flashing; a South mark also has a Long Flash immediately followin~ the quick flashes.

341 IALA MARITIME BUOY AGE SYSTEM REGIONS A AND B ISOLATED DANGER MARKS

Topmarks are • • Light. \\"ilPn fitted, is always fitted • • whitt' (when practicable). Group Fla,;hing(ir

1 ,-_-_ Fl (2) Shape: Optional, but not conflicting with lateral marks; pillar or spar preferred.

SAFE WATER MARKS Light, when fitted, is whitt' Topmark (if any): Isophase or Occulting, Single . or one Long Flash en'ry 10 seconds or Morse ·'A". __ Iso Shape: Spherical , ••Occ or -=:1,L Fl.I0s pillar or spar. __-= __ ,. _ Morse "A"

SPECIAL MARKS

Topmark (if any): Light (when fitted) is Single X shape. yellow and may have a ny phase characteristic not used for white lights.

Shape: Optional, but not FlY conflicting with FI(4) Y navigational marks.

342 Appendix B. Abbreviations and Symbols Commonly Used in

ATP Allied Tactical GMT Greenwich Mean Publication Time Bn beacon IALA International Ass'n of C course Lighthouse Authorities CIC combat information JA captain's battle center sound-powered co commanding officer telephone circuit COG course over the JW navigation ground sound-powered D drift telephone circuit DB danger b~aring kn knot (of speed) DG degaussing L latitude DMA Defense Mapping A longitude Agency LMT local mean time DMAHTC Defense Mapping LOGREQ logistics requirement Agency Hydrographic/ message Topographic Center LOP line of position DMAODS Defense Mapping LPO leading petty Agency Office of officer Distribution Services M magnetic DR m meter E east Mi mile ec. eclipse (of a light) MHW mean high water ECM electronic MLW mean low water countermeasures N north EP estimated position I-N D MAHTC Catalog of ETA estimated time of Nautical Charls arrival NEOC Naval Eastern ETD estimated time of Center departure NOS National Ocean fm fathom Survey ft foot NWOC Naval Western Oceanography Center

343 OOD officer of the deck SOA speed of advance OTSR optimum track ship soc speed over ground routing sOP standard operating procedure Pn pgc per gyro compass SOPA senior officer present PIM position of intended afloat movement T true PMP parallel motion TR track protractor W west PPI plan position indicator xo executive officer psc per standard compass yd yard (unit of pstgc per steering compass measure) Ps ZD zone description QMOW quartermaster of the ZT zone time watch R relative Miscellaneous Symbols RF radiofrequency 0 degrees RPM revolution per minutes of arc minute " seconds of arc S speed; south; 0 estimated position set 0 fix, running fix SI International System of .a. DR position Units ~ longitude

344 Marine Navigation 1: Piloting Index

Advance. See Precise piloting Catalog of Nautical Charts, 39, 41, 42, Air Almanac, 74 51-56,270 Almanac for Computers, 74 use of, 52-56 Alternating light, 84 Chart. See Nautical chart American Practical Navigator (Bow• Chart correction card, 45-46 ditch), 74, 164 Chart No.1, Appendix A Anchoring, 249-59 Chart projections. See Nautical chart anchor bearing watch, 257-58 Chronometer, 129-30 approach track, 25~2 Coast Pilots, 57-60 drag circle, 251, 256--57 Combat charts, 42-43 execution of anchorage, 254-56 Compass error, 159-61 letting go bearing, 251 , described, 35 plotting the anchorage, 25~4 Computed visibility, post-anchoring procedures, 256--58 of navigational light, 87, 89-95 scope of chain, 256 Current, ocean, 206--9, 230-31 selection of an anchorage, 249-50 patterns of, 206--8 swing circle, 251 prediction of, 208--9 arc, measurement of, 21 -driven, 230-31 azimuth circle, 110-12 Current, tidal, 209-31 illustrated, 111 charts, 227 defined, 209 Bathymetric charts, 43 diagrams, 224, 226--27 Beacons, 96, 100-104, 107-8 diamonds, 227, 229-30 Bearing Book, 10, 11, 14, 167, 257 ebb, defined, 209 illust~ated, 15 flood, defined, 209 Bearing recorder, of piloting team prediction of, 210-31 See Piloting team reversing, 209 Bearings: rotary, 209, 217 defined, 151 , defined, 209 magnetic, 151 Current sailing, 232-41 relative, 151 actual current triangle, 238-41 true, 151 estimated current triangle, 23:h35 Bearing taker, of piloting team estimated position, See Piloting team allowing for current, 23~6 Broadcast Notice to Mariners, 48 from a running fix, 236--38 Buoys, 96--100, 102-9 use of during piloting, 107-9 Daily Memoranda, of DMAHTC, 49- See also Chart No.1, IALA Com• 50 bined System, U.S. Lateral Danger bearings, 147-48, 149 System defined, 147 labeling of, 147-48, 149 Cardinal system of buoyage, 96--97, Dead reckoning, 2, 131-50 104-7 defined, 131

345 the estimated position, 144-45 Hand leadline, 14-15, 119-20 the fix, 132-36 Handbook of Magnetic Compass principles of, 137-40 Adjustment, 75 the running fix, 14~ Hoey position plotter, 122 the track, 14&-50 HYDROLANTs, 48-49 Defense Mapping Agency, 35-50 HYDROPACs, 48-49 Hydrographicffopographic Center (DMAHTC), IALA Combined System, 104-7 history of, 36 cardinal marks of, 106-7 Office of Distribution Services channel markers of, 105-6 (DMAODS), 36 special buoys of, 106 Deviation, 156-59 topmarks of, 104-5 defined, 156 See also Chart No.1 table, 157--58 Impeller log, 115 See also Magnetic compass Instruments, navigational, 110-30 Distances Between Ports, 71, 72, 73, for measuring depth, 118-20 271,276 for measuring direction, 110-13 Dividers, use of, 32-34, 120 for measuring distance, 113-14 Doppler speed log, 116-17 for measuring speed, 114-18 Drawing compass, use of, 31-34, 120 miscellaneous, 124-30 Drift, of current for plotting, 120-24 defined, 208 timepieces, 128-30 Dutton's Navigation and Piloting, 74, chronometer, 129 164 International date line, 267

Echo sounder, 118-19 Labeling procedures, standard, 149 Echo sounder operator, of piloting Lateral system of buoyage, 96, team. 104-7 See Piloting team See also IALA Combined System; Enroute volumes. See Sailing Direc• U.S. Lateral System tions Latitude, 21-22 , defined, 19 measurement of, 22 Estimated position, 144-46 parallel of, defined, 145 defined, 21 determination of, in piloting, 145-46, illustrated, 21 235-38 Leadline. See Hand leadline labeling of, 145, 149 Lighted navigation aids, 78-86 See also Navigational light Fix, 132-36 Light List, 65-68, 78, 82-84, 90-94 defined, 132 Light phase characteristics, 79, 80-82 determination of, in piloting, 132, Line of Position (LOP), 132-36 134-136 bearing, 133-34 labeling of, 136, 138, 149 defined, 132 optimum LOP for, 136 distance, 134 resolving ambiguity in, 134-36 visual range, 132 Fleet Guides, 63, 65-66 List of Lights, 67-69, 70, 82-84, 90-94, 277 Global Positioning System (GPS), 117 use of, during voyage planning, 277 , 25-26, 27, 28 Local Notice to Mariners, 43-44 Great circle, defined, 18 Logarithmic speed-time-distance scale, , 163-70 125-27 description of, 163-70 Longtitude, 20-22 determining error of, 167-69 defined, 20 repeater, 164-65 illustrated, 20 Sperry Mk 14, 165 measurement of, 22

346 Index Loran-C, 117 Navigational instruments. See Instru• Luminous range diagram, 90-94 ments, navigational Navigational light, 86-95 Magnetic compass, 151-63 computing visibility of, 86-95 converting bearing from true, 162-63 terms associated with 88-89 converting bearing to true, 159--61 identification of, 86 compass error, 159--61 plotting computed visibility of, 95 description of, 151-53 Navigator, 4-8 deviation of, 156-59 duties of, 4-5 deviation table, 157-58 relationship with command structure, variation of, 153-56 5-6 Major lights, described, 78 staff of, 6-8 , defined, 17 Notice to Mariners, 43-47, 75-76 Mercator, Gerhardus, 18, 24 format of, 44-47 , 24-25, 28, 31-35 use of, for charts, 44-47 described, 24-25, 28 use of, for publications, 75-76 determining position on, 32 measuring direction on, 35 Omega , 117 measuring distance on, 33-35 Optimum Track Ship Routing (OTSR), plotting position on, 31-32 278-80 See also Nautical chart requesting services, 279-80 Meridian: defined, 19 lower branch of, 20 Parallel motion protractor, 123 Parallel rulers, 120-21 upper branch of, 20 Period, of a navigational light: Meteorological visibility, 87-88 defined, 79-80 Minor lights, described, 78 described, 83 Multiple echo, radar, 177 Pilot charts, 71, 72 Piloting, defined, 1,9 National Ocean Service (NOS), 35-37, Piloting team, 9-16 56-58 bearing recorder, 10-11 charts of, 56-57 bearing taker, 11-12, 16 , 74 described, 9 Nautical chart, 17-50, 56-57, 58, 270 echo sounder operator, 13-14 correction systems, 43-50. plotter, 10 defined, 17 radar operator, 12-13 interpretation of, 2fh30 routine of, 14-16 numbering system of, 37-43 Pit log, 115-16 portfolios, 40-42 Plotter, of piloting team. production of, 35--37 See Piloting team projections, 23-26 Polar navigation, 164 desirable properties of, 23 Poles, of , defined, 18 scale of, 26-29 Portfolios, of nautical charts, 40-42 symbols and abbreviations, 29-30 Precise piloting, 242-49 See also Gnomonic projection, Mer- advance, 243, 245-49 cator projection use of during piloting, 245-49 Nautical Chart Catalog, 56-57, 58, 270 handling/tactical characteristics, 242- Nautical slide rule, 127-28 45 Naval Oceanography Command Cen• transfer, 243, 245-49 ter, 7, 279-80 use of dUring piloting, 245-49 Naval warfare planning charts, 43 tum bearing, 247, 253 Navigation: See also Anchoring defined, 1 Primary lights, described, 78 Department, organization of, 4-8 , defined, 19-20

Index 347 Quartermasters, ~7 Tidal Current Tables, 69-71, 21~27, of watch (QMOW), ~7 228, 23~1 layout of, 21~17 use of, 215-24 Radar, 171-82 See also Current, tidal characteristics of, 171-73 Tide, 18.1-205 scope presentation, 17.1-79 bridge problem, 200-203 interpretation of, 17~ 79 causes of, 18.>-85 use of, during piloting, 179-81 cycle, defined, 184 Radar Navigation Manual, 75 effect of unusual meteorological con- Radar navigation team, 16 ditions, 204 Radar operator, of piloting team. neap, 185 See Piloting team predicting height of, 189-200 Radio broadcast warnings, 47-50 reference planes for, 187-89 Aids, 75 shoal problem, 203-4 Range lights, 8&-86 spring, 184-85 Rhumb line, defined, 35 table, construction of, 194-200 Running fix, 140--44 types of, 18&-86 described, 140 Tide Tables, 69, 189-205, 227, 272 determination of, in piloting, 140--44 layout of, 1~94 labeling of, 141-42, 149 use of, during voyage planning, 272 use of, to predict tide, 194-205 Sailing Directions 60--64, 270, 272-7'3 Time, 260-67 Enroute volumes, 60-62, 272 conversions, 264-67 Planning Guides, 60-62 Greenwich mean (GMT), 262-66 World Pori Index, 60, 63 zone, 261-67 Secondary lights, described, 78 See also Voyage planning Sector lights, 84-85 Transfer. See Precise piloting Set, of current, defined, 208 Shaft RPM, U.S. Lateral System: use of, to estimate speed, 117-18 beacons of, 100-102 Ship's Deck Log, 6, 14, 138 buoys of, 97-100, 103, 104-7 Ship's position report, 280--81 described, ~97 illustrated, 281 See also Chari No.1 Side-lobe effect, radar, 178-79 Six-minute rule, 125 Variation, 15.1-56 Small circle, defined, 19 defined, 15.1-54 Speed of advance (SOA), defined, 146 isogonic lines of, 155 Stadimeter, 11.1-14 Visual navigation aids, 77-109 Brandon, 114 Voyage planning, 260--83 Fisk, 113 Captain's Night Orders, 281-82 Stand, of tide, 185 departure/arrival dates, determina- Standard compass, 152 tion of, 27~ 73 Steering compass, 152 miscellaneous considerations, 28~ Symbols, piloting, standard, 149 process of, 267-70 See also Appendix B SOAs, determination of, 277-78 Summary of Corrections, 47 time, 260-67 See also Notice to Mariners See also Time track, plotting, 27.1-78 using OTSR services, 278-80 Tactical data folder, 244-45 Telescopic alidade, 112 Weems Navigation Plotter, 121-22 Terrestrial , 18-23 Weems Parallel Plotter, 121 Three-arm protractor, 12.1-24 World Pori Index, 60, 63 Three-minute rule, 125 Worldwide Navigational Warning Sys• Tidal Current Diagrams, 227 tern, 48

348 Index