IHS AEROSPACE, DEFENCE & SECURITY IHS Jane’s Defence Weekly
27 August 2014 • Vol 51 • Issue 35 ihs.com/janes Augmenting the ANZACs Australian, New Zealand frigate upgrades chart separate courses
Smith Ukrainian military moves toward endgame – p4 ‘Serious questions’ remain over Syrian CW – p5
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4382_0114AA_IHS Janes 360 Campaign_275x210.indd 1 21/01/2014 15:30 IHS Jane’s On the cover All editorial content New Zealand ANZAC frigate Te is available online at Defence Weekly Mana in Sydney Harbour, Australia. ihs.com/janes prior RAN: The two nations’ ANZAC frigates are 1526620 following different mid-life upgrade to publication of the VOLUME 51 ISSUE NO 35 • 27 August 2014 programmes. (See pages 22-29) hardcopy magazine
contents On the web ihs.com/janes BAE Israel Systems: Defense Gor don 1526644 For Arthur: ces: 1568265 1526633 17 30 The first of the Royal Australian Navy’s two new Canberra-class landing helicopter docks has embarked on final contractor sea trials, Headlines Middle East/Africa officials announced on 19 August.
4 Ukrainian military moves to endgame 17 IDF wants more Namer APCs and Trophy US, Croatia discuss deal that would send 5 DoD may revisit 2015 budget as Iraq systems helicopters to Ukraine operation continues 19 Su-24s carry out Tripoli airstrike USAF seeks information for rocket engine 6 Singapore quietly expands F-15 fleet replacement RAF RC-135 missions in Iraq revealed Business Analysis: Iraq campaign continues as 8 LAF seek to secure Saudi donation to fight Obama frames war footing jihadists 20 Australia looks to speed up Future Frigate US to become ReCAAP member state India lifts ban on Denel elements Saudi Black Hawk contract awarded 9 India commissions first-of-class Kolkata Germany backs industrial consolidation First Algerian C28A corvette launched in 21 Time called on An-124 production re-start China The Americas Vietnam, Czech Republic sign defence Thales Australia developing new rifle ammo trade deal F-16V radar integration clears way for 10 US Navy awards CANES contract to five Taiwan upgrade vendors Briefing USCG’s fourth NSC passes acceptance trials 11 USN conducts manned-unmanned aircraft 22 Sailing apart: Although Australia and Subscribe today operations aboard carrier New Zealand jointly procured their ANZAC Northrop Grumman starts XS-1 design frigates to a common baseline, the two To subscribe to JDW ONLINE please telephone +44 (0) 1604 251 491, or 800 824 0768 if inside nations are now following very different the US. Or visit the website and subscribe using Europe courses for their respective mid-life update our secure server. programmes. Richard Scott reports To subscribe or re-subscribe to 12 Austria further reduces QRA capabilities 30 Guam – tip of the spear: As the United JANE’S DEFENCE WEEKLY in print format, MBDA to upgrade Hungarian Mistrals States’ westernmost territory, Guam is please telephone: +44 (0) 1604 251 491, or 13 Bulgaria to direct up to 20% of defence playing an increasingly important role. (+1 800) 824 0768 if inside the US – Toll Free. budget to equipment Gordon Arthur reports on progress there (+1 703) 683 3700 for North America with improvements to accommodate part of We’ve made re-ordering easier! Asia Pacific the US strategic shift to the Pacific Visit www.magazines.ihs.com if your print subscription is about to expire. 14 China unveils ASW version of Z-8 helicopter Interview Please note that online content is only Indonesia upgrades S China Sea naval base available to online subscribers. 15 Indonesia increases defence budget by 14% 34 Rear Admiral Lars Saunes, Chief of the ihs.com/janes also regularly provides you with: Supacat wins Australian special forces contract Royal Norwegian Navy • Full access to more than 11 years of archived material; • Full search capabilities; © 2014 IHS. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,Smithphotocopying, recording or otherwise, or be stored in any retrieval system of any nature, without prior written permission of IHS Global Limited. Any views or opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or opinions of IHS Global Limited or its • Additional weekly content not included in the affiliates. Disclaimer of liability: Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the quality and accuracy of the information contained in this publication at the time of going to press, IHS Global Limited and its affiliates assume no responsibility as to the accuracy or completeness of and, to the extent permitted by law, shall not be liable for any errors or omissions or any loss, damage or expense incurred by magazine; • Access to the best defence news and reliance on information or any statement contained in this publication. Advertising: Advertisers are solely responsible for the content of the advertising material which they submit to us and for ensuring that the material complies with applicable laws. IHS Global Limited and its affiliates are not responsible for any error, omission or inaccuracy in any advertisement and will not be liable for any damages analysis wherever you are; • The latest articles arising from any use of products or services or any actions or omissions taken in reliance on information or any statement contained in advertising material. Inclusion of any advertisement is not intended to endorse any views expressed, nor products or services offered, nor the organisations sponsoring the advertisement. Trade Marks: IHS Jane’s and Jane’s Defence Weekly are trade marks of IHS Global delivered straight to your desktop Limited. Registered in England under company number 00788737. Registered office: Willoughby Road, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 8FB UK.
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IHSTM Jane’s Ukrainian soldiers rest in their 2S19 Defence Weekly MSTA-S self- Editorial propelled howitzers on 14 August before Editor: Peter Felstead Asia-Pacific Editor: James Hardy moving to the front Europe Editor: Nicholas de Larrinaga line in the Donetsk Middle East/Africa Editor: Jeremy Binnie region of eastern JDW Features Editor: Kate Tringham Ukraine. The use of JDW Assistant Features Editor: Fay Brigden heavy weaponry by Jane’s Aviation Desk Editor: Gareth Jennings both sides has taken Jane’s Land Desk Editor: Nick Brown Jane’s Land Consultant: Christopher F Foss a considerable toll in Jane’s Naval Consultant: Richard Scott eastern Ukraine. Jane’s Naval Desk Editor: Dr Lee Willett Jane’s Defence Industry Analyst: Charles Forrester AP/P
Jane’s Senior Principal Industry Analyst: Guy Anderson A: 1568274 Jane’s Asia-Pacific Industry Reporter: Jon Grevatt Jane’s Asia-Pacific Technology Reporter: Kelvin Wong Jane’s Asia-Pacific Naval Reporter: Ridzwan Rahmat Washington, DC, Bureau: Americas Editor: Daniel Wasserbly Jane’s C4ISR Reporter: Geoff Fein Ukrainian military Jane’s Aviation Reporter: Marina Malenic Jane’s Naval Reporter: Grace Jean Chief Sub Editor: Jonathan Maynard moves to endgame Deputy Chief Sub Editor: Thomas Brown Sub Editors: Lucy Bullen, Jessica D’Alonzo, Karen Deans, Emma Donald, Glynn Garlick, Terry Gault, Niki Gouros, Piers Grimley Evans, Tracy Johnson, Susie Kornell, TIM RIPLEY JDW Correspondent that the pilot was rescued. A further air loss Deborah Miller, Sam Reynolds, Clare Welton LONDON occurred on 20 August when a Ukrainian Suk- Design hoi Su-25 strike aircraft was shot down over Manager, Design: David Playford Ukrainian troops have continued their Lugansk, with the pilot reported missing. Production Director EMEA, Production Services: David Ward offensive aimed at clearing pro-Russian Controversy continues to surround an Production Controller: Martyn Buchanan rebels from the Donetsk and Lugansk alleged incursion by an armoured column e-Publishing: Edward Allen, Richard Freeman regions despite strong resistance. from Russia into eastern Ukraine on 15 General Both the Ukrainian and rebel forces are August. UK government sources told IHS Vice President, Aerospace & Defence: Blake Bartlett Group Publishing Director: Sean Howe using tracked armour, heavy artillery, and Jane’s that the column comprised some 23 Director, News and Analysis: James Green rockets in the heaviest fighting seen in Europe armoured fighting vehicles (AFVs) that were Director, EMEA Editing and Design: Sara Morgan Administrative Assistant: Hannah Brockwell since the Balkan conflicts of the 1990s. subsequently engaged by Ukrainian artillery Correspondents The operation by Ukrainian troops, under- and anti-tank weapons, resulting in 12 AFVs The Americas: Janet Tappin Coelho, Peter Diekmeyer, way for more than a month, has pushed deep being destroyed. Two Western journalists Diego Gonzalez, Scott Gourley, Inigo Guevara, José into rebel-held regions, with fighting now working just inside the Russian border con- Higuera, Jeremy McDermott, Pedro Paulo Rezende, Patricia Samfelt, Cesar Cruz Tantalean. Asia-Pacific: reported in the city suburbs of Donetsk and firmed seeing the column cross into Ukraine Gordon Arthur, Rahul Bedi, Farhan Bokhari, J Michael Lugansk for several days. but did not see the reported engagement. The Cole, Sebastien Falletti, Robert Foster, Julian Kerr, Joshua Kucera, Dzirhan Mahadzir, Mrityunjoy Mazumdar, Gavin Ukrainian forces appear to be trying to cut Russian Foreign Ministry denied the incur- Phipps, Kosuke Takahashi. Europe: Victor Barreira, rebel forces in the two cities off from each sion, calling Ukrainian claims “fabrications”. Guillaume Belan, Bjørnar Bolsøy, Nicholas Fiorenza, David Ing, Bruce Jones, Reuben F Johnson, Jiri Kominek, Georg other, as well as severing land routes to the Both the Ukrainian military and rebel Mader, Luca Peruzzi, Tim Ripley, Lale Sariibrahimoglu, Russian border to block supplies and rein- forces have been observed using BM-21 Grad Sebastian Schulte, Karl Soper, Menno Steketee, Radu Tudor, Theodore Valmas, Paolo Valpolini, Remigiusz Wilk, forcements from reaching them. multiple rocket launchers, which have caused Middle East/Africa: Segun Adeyemi, Nicholas Blanford, Helmoed-Römer Heitman, Ellen Knickmeyer, Mohammed The rebel setbacks of the past weeks have widespread military and civilian casualties Najib. NATO and EU Affairs: Brooks Tigner. prompted three prominent rebel leaders – as well as extensive damage to property and including their military commander, Igor transport infrastructure. To order reprints of IHS Jane’s articles/features please contact [email protected] or call +44 (0) 20 3253 2289. Girkin, known as Strelkov; the political On 7 August the UN reported that at least Printed in the UK by Warners Midlands plc. Jane’s leader in Donetsk, Alexander Borodai; and 2,119 people had been killed in Ukraine since Defence Weekly is published 51 times a year at a US the rebel head in Lugansk, Valery Bolotov – the conflict started in April. Local authorities subscriber rate of $580. to step down. in Donetsk reported that about 951 people Periodicals postage paid at Jamaica NY 11431. US Postmaster: Send address changes to Jane’s Defence The Organization for Security in Co-oper- had been killed there during the previous five Weekly, Air Business Ltd., c/o Worldnet Shipping Inc., ation in Europe (OSCE) has reported daily months of fighting. The Ukrainian govern- 156-15. 146th Avenue, 2nd Floor, Jamaica, NY 11434, USA. ISSN 2048-3430. Registered in the UK as a newspaper. artillery fire in both Donetsk and Lugansk for ment reported on 21 August that about 620 more than a week, as well as regular break- its military and security service personnel downs in utilities because of the fighting. had been lost in the conflict. Rebel fighters claimSmithed to have shot down a First published online: 22/08/14 Ukrainian Air Force Mikoyan MiG-29 fighter
This publication was produced jet near Lugansk on 17 August, although Go to ihs.com/janes for analysis using FSC® certified paper a Kiev government spokesman reported
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004-005_JDW_27082014.indd 4 22/08/2014 16:07:54 For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes HEADLINES
said, noting that the group would also have to DoD may revisit 2015 budget be rejected by the Sunni people in the region. Nonetheless, Gen Dempsey said that direct as Iraq operation continues military action is one tool that the United States would continue to use if US citizens and facilities are threatened. DANIEL WASSERBLY JDW Americas Editor tion have been “remarkable”, but are not One such action, disclosed on 20 August, WASHINGTON, DC without cost. was an unsuccessful attempt to rescue “I think we’re fine for fiscal year [20]14 Americans and others held hostage by IS. The Top Pentagon leaders have said the US and we’ll have to continue to gather the data mission reportedly occurred in early July, defence budget may need to be revised and see what it does to us in [FY 20]15,” Gen with several dozen special operations person- as officials suggested they were mull- Dempsey said. nel being ferried into Syria by helicopter and ing expanded operations against Islamic While Hagel did not say that resources supported by various fixed-wing air assets. State (IS) militants in Iraq and Syria. would be added or operations would acceler- US officials said they had planned to keep the Airstrikes against the militants – formerly ate, he did frame IS as “an imminent threat to operation secret but publicised it after several called the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant every interest we have, whether it’s in Iraq or media outlets began inquiring about it. (ISIL) – as well as humanitarian airdrops have anywhere else”. That operation was intended “to free a been running since 7 August and may mean US President Barack Obama’s administra- number of American hostages held in Syria by the US Department of Defense (DoD) has to tion has, since operations against IS began the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant” and revise its fiscal year 2015 (FY 2015) budget in early August, used increasingly bellicose “was focused on a particular captor network request, according to Secretary of Defense rhetoric to discuss the militants, but the plan within [IS]”, Pentagon press secretary Rear Chuck Hagel. for addressing its ‘imminent threat’ has not Admiral John Kirby said in a 20 August state- “We’ve had to move assets over the last cou- been made clear. ment. “Unfortunately, the mission was not ple of months, obviously, to accomplish what Gen Dempsey told reporters he believes IS successful because the hostages were not we’ve accomplished in Iraq, that costs money, “can be contained, [but] not in perpetuity”. present at the targeted location.” that takes certain monies out of certain funds, He added that he does not think the group Indeed, American journalist and IS captive so it’s a constant fluid process as you plan for can be defeated without “addressing that part James Foley, held since 2012 and a target these,” he told reporters on 21 August. of their organisation which resides in Syria”. of the US rescue operation, was revealed on Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) Such an effort could occur “when we have a 19 August to have been murdered by General Martin Dempsey noted that global coalition in the region that takes on the task his captors. and local posture adaptations for this opera- of defeating [IS] over time”, the JCS chairman First published online: 22/08/14 ‘Serious questions’ remain over Syrian CW, says US
The United States has made the strongest territory, two CW-related research and devel- indication to date that Syria may have opment facilities and unfilled chemical muni- withheld some of its chemical weapons tions. The amendment stated that all the ricin (CW), saying there are still “serious ques- made at the inaccessible production facility tions” about Syria’s declaration to the was disposed of before Syria joined the Chemi- Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemi- cal Weapons Convention in September 2013. US
cal Weapons (OPCW). Navy: The US statement indicated it believes
The White House released a statement on 1530430 there are further omissions in the Syrian 18 August announcing the specially equipped declaration and that several production facili- US Military Sealift command ship MV Cape Cape Ray has destroyed Syria’s declared CW. ties have yet to be destroyed. The latter could Ray had finished neutralising CW declared by be a reference to hangars and underground Syria and removed from that country earlier ing clarifications from Syria about some of structures at 12 production facilities, which this year. the quantities of chemicals included in its the OPCW has said still need to be destroyed. However, it added: “Serious questions declaration as well as historical aspects of the The US reference to allegations of CW con- remain with respect to the omissions and dis- programme, but suggested the situation was tinuing to be used in Syria relate to reports of crepancies in Syria’s declaration to the OPCW not serious as the 1,300 tonnes that it had improvised chlorine bombs being dropped on and about continued allegations of use.” It declared matched its estimated inventory. rebel-controlled areas. Over a dozen such inci- also called on Syria to destroy its remain- Some omissions were revealed in a report dents were reported in April, but few suspected ing CW production facilities: a process that the OPCW released inSmithJuly. It said Syria had chlorine attacks have occurred since then. should have been completed in 2013. submitted on 14 July an amendment to its Jeremy Binnie OPCW Director-General Ahmet Üzümcü initial declaration that declared a ricin produc- JDW Middle East/Africa Editor, London noted in June that his organisation was seek- tion facility that is currently in rebel-controlled First published online: 22/08/14
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Boehner under the Arms Export Turkish fighter Singapore quietly Control Act refers to the “sale, modification, and follow-on sup- project’s future port of eight F-15SG aircraft to looks uncertain expands F-15 fleet the Government of Singapore”. Boeing financial data also Design work on a new jet fighter JAMES HARDY JDW Asia-Pacific Editor & LINDSAY PEACOCK JDW Correspondent shows that a total of 93 F-15s called the TF-X (X standing for LONDON were delivered from 2005 to experimental) as part of Turkey’s 2012. South Korea has con- ambitious strategy of indigenis- Singapore appears to have Air Force’s (RSAF’s) 428th firmed that it received 61 and ing arms procurement has now quietly boosted the size of its Fighter Squadron at Mountain Singapore has stated that it been completed, but the project F-15SG fleet from 24 aircraft Home Air Force Base (AFB) in received 24 for a total of 85, may not receive a green light to to 40, according to Boeing southwestern Idaho, while the leaving eight unaccounted for in progress any further. financial statements, aircraft remainder are active in Singapore public records. Sweden’s Saab has given techni- registration filings, and US with 149 Squadron. Finally, on 5-6 August cal support to Turkish Aerospace congressional reports. Aircraft operating in Singapore 2014, Boeing took out civil Industries (TAI) for the two-year, Singapore originally bought use four-digit serial numbers in aircraft registrations for what USD2 million effort to produce 12 F-15SGs – with an option for the 83xx sequence, starting at it described as F-15SG aircraft: conceptual studies for the TF-X, the eight more – under a contract 8301, although these do not run N361SG, N363SG, N366SG, goal being to indigenously build a jet signed in December 2005. In consecutively. N368SG, N373SG, N376SG, fighter by 2023: the 100th anniver- October 2007 the city-state In January 2014 several N378SG and N837SG. sary of the Turkish Republic. modified this option by buying aircraft with new serial numbers Neither Boeing nor the However, senior bureaucrats 12 more to give it a total of 24. – 05-0025, 05-0028, 05-0030, Singapore Ministry of Defence within the Turkish Defence Industries These aircraft have all been 05-0031, and 05-0032 – were (MINDEF) would confirm Undersecretariat (SSM) – the state- confirmed as delivered and have seen at Mountain Home AFB. whether the city-state had controlled body in charge of arms US-type serial numbers running Meanwhile, a 26 Novem- acquired 16 more F-15s than acquisition projects – are reportedly from 05-0001 to 05-0024. Sev- ber 2012 letter from the US previously disclosed, although opposing any go-ahead to build eral remain in the United States State Department to House of they also did not deny it. the TF-X as they see the project as with the Republic of Singapore Representatives Speaker John First published online: 22/08/14 a waste of money with very little chance of securing export sales. When IHS Jane’s approached the SSM and asked what its head, Dr RAF RC-135 missions in Iraq revealed Ismail Demir, thought of the TF-X
programme, a spokesman said: Signals intelligence (SIGINT) The RAF’s first RC-135W has “Although it is an ambition that is fully operations are being con- been pressed into service despite supported by Dr Demir, he questions ducted over Iraq by a Royal initial type qualifications issues. the feasibility of the programme Air Force (RAF) Boeing RC- and wants to make sure that time, 135 Rivet Joint aircraft, UK budget, exact roadmap, and transi- Defence Secretary Michael Cr tional products are well defined so Fallon revealed on 16 August own Copyright: that it won’t be a waste of money and during a visit to the British
effort 10 years from now. Improving Sovereign Base on Cyprus. 1568267 the level of technological readiness Fallon said the RAF’s sole seems to be more important for him.” RC-135 was flying missions over The Turkish Air Force and TAI Iraq alongside the ISTAR sorties RC-135, which was delivered to tasking order [ATO],” an RAF have reportedly been trying to mounted by Panavia Tornado 51 Squadron at RAF Waddington officer told IHS Jane’s. change the SSM’s attitude to cancel- GR.4 aircraft to monitor fighters in Lincolnshire last November. As of 18 August, UK force ling the programme, but a request of the Islamic State across the IHS Jane’s understands that the elements participating in Opera- for proposals to proceed with the north of the country. RC-135 deployed to RAF Akrotiri tion ‘Shader’, as the mission is technical phase of the programme These operations are expected on Cyprus in July to monitor the codenamed, included six Tornado has not been forthcoming. to continue for “weeks and situation in Iraq. The RC-135 is GR.4s at RAF Akrotiri in a detach- Lale Sariibrahimoglu months ahead”, said Fallon, as UK now working as part of an inte- ment formed around a core of JDW Correspondent, Ankara assets work alongside US forces grated ISTAR collection opera- personnel from II (Army Co- Peter Felstead to support the Iraqi and Kurdish Smithtion co-ordinated by the US-run operation) Squadron. JDW Editor, London military against Islamic State. The combined air operations centre Tim Ripley First published online: 21/08/14 Iraq operation is the first ‘com- (CAOC) at Al Udeid Airbase in JDW Correspondent, London bat’ deployment for the RAF’s Qatar. “Everyone is on one air First published online: 19/08/14
6 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 27 August 2014 ihs.com/janes
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Untitled-3 1 07/08/2014 11:40 HEADLINES For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
Azerbaijan, LAF seek to secure Saudi Georgia,Turkey hold trilateral donation to fi ght jihadists meeting NICHOLAS BLANFORD JDW Correspondent return to Lebanon after three The defence ministers of Azer- BEIRUT years of self-imposed exile, pur- baijan, Georgia, and Turkey have portedly due to security threats. held their fi rst-ever trilateral The Lebanese Armed Forces The LAF are pushing for a Diplomatic sources in Beirut meeting and vowed to boost their (LAF) are lobbying for the bulk USD1 billion donation by Saudi told IHS Jane’s that the LAF defence co-operation amid dete- of a surprise USD1 billion dona- Arabia to Lebanon to be spend will probably receive between riorating security in the region. tion from Saudi Arabia to be on materiel to bolster their USD500 million to USD600 mil- The ministers agreed to hold joint spent to equip and arm Leba- fight against Syrian militants lion of the gift, with around two- military exercises focused on pro- non’s security forces, as they There is confusion as to how thirds of the remainder going to tecting joint infrastructure projects. claim they are more capable of the latest donation affects a the Internal Security Forces and The three countries already host confronting the radical Sunni previous USD3 billion donation the rest to General Security. major oil and gas pipelines taking jihadist groups operating along pledged by Riyadh However, the unexpected resources from Azerbaijan’s Caspian the country’s border with Syria. donation has raised questions Sea coast to Europe via Georgia and The donation was announced Lebanese Army and the Internal about whether Saudi Arabia will Turkey. The three nations are also by former prime minister and Security Forces and all security provide the USD3 billion that working on a joint railway that is opposition leader Saad Hariri on 6 agencies to fi ght terrorism,” he it promised to give Lebanon so due to connect the Caspian Sea to August as the LAF were engaged told journalists in the Saudi city that it could buy French military Europe by the end of the year. in a week-long battle in Arsal: of Jiddah. “We have a very large equipment for the LAF. The meeting’s goal, said Georgian an eastern border town that was shortage – Internal Security Ali Awad Assiri, the Saudi Defence Minister Irakli Alasania, was overrun by several hundred Syrian Forces severely lack equipment ambassador to Lebanon, has indi- “to start planning how these three militants, most of them belong- and the Lebanese Army is suffer- cated that the USD3 billion dona- countries and armed forces will pro- ing to Syria’s Al-Qaeda affiliate, ing from a shortage of ammuni- tion would still materialise in sev- tect the communication infrastructure Jabhat al-Nusra, on 2 August. tion and important equipment to eral stages, while the additional in critical situations and how we are “There is no doubt that this fi ght terrorism.” USD1 billion was a response to going to protect our railway infra- amount is supposed to greatly Hariri’s de facto control of the the fi ghting in Arsal. structure, and oil and gas pipelines in enhance the potential of the funds has paved the way for his First published online: 21/08/14 case of military escalation”. The meeting, held on 19 August in the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan, approved Bhim’s limited series follows recent trilateral meetings of the India lifts ban on Denel production by the state-run Bharat countries’ presidents and foreign min- Earth Movers in Bangalore around isters. The defence ministers said they India’s Ministry of Defence scribed agents to secure a 2002 2002-03, but the project was can- would now meet every six months. (MoD) has lifted a nine-year- tender to supply the Indian Army celled after Denel’s blacklisting. The interests of Azerbaijan, old ban on Denel, rendering with 1,000 NTW 20/14.5 mm The participation of Denel’s Georgia, and Turkey have increas- the state-owned South Afri- anti-materiel rifles and 398,000 G5/2000 155 mm/52-calibre ingly converged as the regional can aerospace and defence rounds of 14.5x114 mm and towed howitzer in support of the situation has become tense in recent technology company eligible 20x82 mm ammunition for about Indian Army’s requirement for months: Russia has been increasingly to bid for Indian military con- USD40 million. 1,580 towed guns was also ter- assertive in Ukraine, while fi ghting tracts once again. In its 30 September 2013 minated following three rounds has intensifi ed in the disputed ter- Industry sources told IHS Jane’s report to the MoD, the CBI said it of trials. ritory of Nagorno Karabakh. Russia that the MoD told Denel of its had uncovered no wrongdoing by Relaunched trials for the has military bases in two breakaway intent to revoke the 2005 ban Denel in the tender. towed and tracked howitzers territories of Georgia – Abkhazia against it operating in India in a Blacklisting Denel jeopardised have just concluded, but military and South Ossetia – and Armenian letter on 12 August. two of the Indian Army’s crucial sources said Denel could be con- forces exercise de facto control over The news comes 11 months and long-delayed 155 mm/52- sidered eligible for participation Nagorno Karabakh, which remains de after the Central Bureau of Inves- calibre howitzer programmes, in the latter programme in addi- jure part of Azerbaijan. tigation (CBI) claimed it had been including Bhim: a tracked self- tion to several other proposed Joshua Kucera unable to substantiate corruptionSmithpropelled howitzer that mated artillery procurements. JDW Correspondent, Boston charges against Denel, which was the chassis of India’s Arjun main Rahul Bedi First published online: 20/08/14 blacklisted in mid-2005 after battle tank to Denel’s T6 turret. JDW Correspondent, New Delhi being accused of employing pro- After extensive trials the MoD First published online: 19/08/14
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008-009_JDW_27082014.indd 8 22/08/2014 16:05:24 For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes HEADLINES India commissions first-of-class Kolkata
RAHUL BEDI JDW Correspondent Project 15A, the ‘successor to Melara Super Rapid gun, and NEW DELHI the IN’s three Project 15 Delhi- four Russian AK-630 close-in class destroyers, was allocated weapon systems. The Indian Navy (IN) commis- INR35 billion (USD574.5 mil- Kolkata’s anti-submarine war- sioned INS Kolkata, the first lion) in 2002-03. That figure has fare capability comprises indig- Indian of three locally designed and more than tripled to INR116.62 enously developed twin-tube Navy: built 7,400-tonne Project 15A billion, IN officials conceded. torpedo launchers, RBU-6000 1526527 guided-missile destroyers, on The officials said around 60% SMERCH-2 rocket launchers, and 16 August in Mumbai. of Kolkata had been indigenously the Hull Mounted Sonar Array- Two follow-on warships – India is first-of-class Project 15A sourced: a figure that is expected Next Generation. The locally Kochi and Chennai – are also destroyer INS Kolkata, pictured to rise to 70% for the two succeed- designed CMS-15A combat man- during sea trials. under construction at Mumbai’s ing ships. Principal imported com- agement system integrates all Mazagaon Dockyard Limited and and focus instead on local research, ponents include Russian steel to the weapon systems and sensors. will be commissioned at eight- design, and manufacture for most build the warship; four Ukrainian Kolkata’s flight deck and month intervals, IN officials said. of its military equipment require- Zorya-Mashproekt DT-59 gas tur- enclosed hanger are capable “Our aim is to achieve such ments. India sources nearly 70% bines capable of achieving speeds of embarking two multirole prowess in our defence capabili- of its materiel from overseas. of more than 30 kt; propellers and helicopters. ties that no country dare cast an Launched in March 2006 and shafting; and sensors. Kolkata was commissioned evil eye on India,” Prime Minister scheduled for commissioning in Manned by a 325-strong crew, without its Barak Next-Gener- Narendra Modi declared at the 2010, Kolkata has been plagued Kolkata has an operating range ation long-range surface-to-air commissioning ceremony. by price escalation and techno- of 15,000 km and is armed with missiles or its Advanced Towed He added that India needed to logical challenges, especially with BrahMos supersonic cruise mis- Array Sonar. stop relying on defence imports regard to its key weapon systems. siles, a licence-built 76 mm Oto First published online: 20/08/14
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ihs.com/janes 27 August 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly | 9
008-009_JDW_27082014.indd 9 22/08/2014 16:05:25 THE AMERICAS For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
continue for the system’s instal- US Navy awards CANES lation on board eight additional destroyers, plus three aircraft carriers, one amphibious assault contract to five vendors ship, one landing dock ship, and one cruiser. In fiscal year 2015 (FY 2015) and FY 2016, 28 more GRACE JEAN Jane’s Naval Reporter system, CANES is replacing the installations are planned. WASHINGTON, DC navy’s existing programmes of In order to keep the programme record, including the Integrated affordable, the navy had made The US Navy (USN) has let an The USN has selected five Shipboard Network System, the clear its intentions to re-compete indefinite-delivery, indefinite- vendors to build and deliver Sensitive Compartmented Infor- CANES. In 2013 SPAWAR issued quantity (IDIQ) multiple- the CANES for 180 ships, mation networks, the Combined a request for proposals, resulting award contract worth a total submarines, and maritime Enterprise Regional Information in seven bids. The five selected of USD2.529 billion to five operations centres Exchange System - Maritime, the vendors will each receive IDIQ selected vendors to produce Vendors will compete for Submarine Local Area Network, firm-fixed-price and cost-plus- a tactical afloat network to be delivery orders over the next and the Video Information fixed-fee contract awards. fitted out on 180 ships, sub- eight years Exchange System. The initial operational test and marines, and maritime opera- Space and Naval Warfare evaluation of CANES began on tions centres by 2022, officials Technical Systems based in Vir- Systems Command (SPAWAR) 11 August on board the Arleigh announced on 20 August. ginia Beach, Virginia; Northrop awarded the initial CANES Burke-class guided-missile Vendors selected to build the Grumman Systems Corp in contract to Northrop Grumman destroyer USS Higgins (DDG 76). Consolidated Afloat Networks Herndon, Virginia; and Serco Inc in March 2010 for the design It will support a ‘full deployment and Enterprise Services (CANES) based in Reston, Virginia. and development of the system, decision’ to be made in the third include: BAE Systems Technol- The five vendors will compete followed by a contract for the quarter of FY 2015, which will ogy Solutions and Services Inc for delivery orders of production limited deployment phase of authorise the CANES programme of Rockville, Maryland; Gen- and training units up to 2022. CANES in early 2012. to continue to full operational eral Dynamics C4 Systems in Consolidating five legacy afloat CANES has been installed capability. Taunton, Massachusetts; Global networks into a single integrated on nine destroyers and efforts First published online: 21/08/14 USCG’s fourth NSC passes acceptance trials
Shipbuilder Huntington Ingalls centrepiece of the fleet’s recapi- Industries (HII) has announced talisation effort and is among the that the fourth vessel soon largest in the USCG’s cutter fleet. to join the US Coast Guard’s To date, three NSCs have been (USCG’s) Legend-class delivered by Ingalls and three National Security Cutter (NSC) more – Hamilton, James, and fleet completed its accep- Munro (WMSL 755) – are under tance trials only two days construction. The keel laying of after the fifth cutter in the Munro is expected in October, class was christened. Glenn said. Hamilton (WMSL 753), the Build of the seventh NSC, US
USCG’s fourth NSC, returned to Coast Kimball (WMSL 756), will com-
HII’s Ingalls Shipbuilding divi- Guar mence in early 2015. Its delivery d:
sion in Pascagoula, Mississippi, 1530429 is expected in the first quarter after a two-day acceptance trial of 2018. in the Gulf of Mexico, Ingalls Hamilton (WMSL 753), the USCG’s fourth NSC, sails in the Gulf of Mexico Ingalls was awarded a USD76.5 spokesman Bill Glenn told IHS during sea trials in 2014. million advance procurement Jane’s on 18 August. The vessel contract in June 2014 for the is expected to be handed over James (WMSL 754) was officially renewal project, the USCG is eighth and final NSC, Midgett to the coastguard in mid-Sep- named during a ceremony on 16 acquiring an eight-ship Legend (WMSL 757). tember, with commissioning to August 2014 at Ingalls. HandoveSmithr class to replace its 10 Hamilton- Grace Jean follow on 6 December in Charles- is expected in the third quarter class high-endurance cutters, Jane’s Naval Reporter, ton, South Carolina. of 2015. which were built in the 1960s. Washington, DC Meanwhile, fifth-in-class As part of an extensive fleet The new 127.4 m NSC is the First published online: 19/08/14
10 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 27 August 2014 ihs.com/janes
010-011_JDW_27082014.indd 10 22/08/2014 15:49:46 For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes THE AMERICAS
ing the tests, which will continue USN conducts manned-unmanned until the end of August. “For this test period, we really aircraft operations aboard carrier focused on integration with manned aircraft,” Lieutenant Commander Brian Hall, the USN’s MARINA MALENIC Jane’s Aviation Reporter and recovery of the two aircraft X-47B flight test director, said in WASHINGTON, DC following an eight-minute flight, a statement. according to the USN. “We re-engineered the tailhook The US Navy (USN) has for the “Today we showed that the The UAV first executed an retract actuator and updated first time conducted manned X-47B could take off, land, and arrested landing, folded its operating software to expedite and unmanned aircraft opera- fly in the carrier pattern with wings, and taxied out of the wingfold during taxi, both of tions simultaneously aboard manned aircraft while maintain- landing area. The deck-based which reduce time in the landing an aircraft carrier. ing normal flight deck opera- UAV operator moved the aircraft area post-recovery,” he added. A Northrop Grumman X-47B tions,” Captain Beau Duarte, out of the way using newly The navy intends to keep the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) programme manager for the developed deck handling con- X-47B aboard CVN 71 for the and a Boeing F/A-18 Hornet con- USN’s unmanned carrier aviation trols in order to allow the F/A-18 duration of the ship’s under way ducted flight operations aboard office, said in a statement. to touch down close behind the period in order to perform night USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71) Taking place in the eastern X-47B’s recovery. deck handling and flying quality on 17 August, said navy and con- Atlantic, the operations con- The navy planned to repeat the evaluations. tractor press statements. sisted of co-ordinated launch sequence “multiple times” dur- First published online: 18/08/14 Northrop Grumman starts XS-1 design US Navy poised to receive Northrop Grumman released fourth JHSV an artist’s rendering on 19 August of its XS-1 experimen- After recently completing tal spacecraft, which the com- acceptance trials, the US Navy’s pany has begun designing (USN’s) fourth Joint High Speed for a US Defense Advanced Vessel (JHSV), Fall River (JHSV
Research Projects Agency Northr 4), is expected to be handed over
(DARPA) competition aimed op to US Military Sealift Command at building a more affordable Grumman: (MSC) in the fourth quarter of An artist’s conception of the space-launch system. 2014, shipbuilder Austal USA has Northrop Grumman XS-1 1565630 Northrop Grumman was being developed for DARPA. told IHS Jane’s. awarded one of three prime con- Fall River is the fourth of 10 tracts for Phase 1 of the XS-1 pro- to develop a reusable unmanned tems, according to officials. planned JHSVs to be built at the gramme on 15 July. Boeing and vehicle for access to space and In Phase 1 of the effort, the con- Mobile, Alabama-based shipyard Masten Space Systems received deployment of small satellites tractors must develop their XS-1 under a USD1.6 billion contract. the other two deals, according to using expendable upper stages. demonstration vehicles, conduct Launched in January 2014, the a DARPA statement. The effort would also develop risk reduction of key technologies, 103 m vessel conducted its tests “We chose performers who technology for next-generation and develop a technology matura- and evaluations in the Gulf of Mexico could prudently integrate exist- hypersonic vehicles. tion plan for vehicle fabrication under the auspices of the navy’s ing and up-and-coming technolo- Key XS-1 technical goals and flight tests. Board of Inspection and Survey, gies and operations while making include flying 10 times in 10 Total funding available for the completing the acceptance trials on XS-1 as reliable, easy-to-use, and days, flying to Mach 10+ at least first phase of the XS-1 design 25 July. cost-effective as possible,” Jess once, and launching a represen- was USD14 million, according to Once the vessel is delivered to Sponable, DARPA’s programme tative small payload into orbit. the original solicitation notice. MSC – which operates the navy’s manager, said in a statement. The programme is also DARPA plans to allocate USD140 auxiliaries and fleet support ships – a “We’re eager to see how their seeking to reduce the cost of million for potential second and crew of 22 civilian mariners will take initial designs envision making access to space for payloads of third phases focused on fabricat- it through final contract trials and spaceflight commonplace – with 3,000 to 5,000 lb (1,360.5 to ing and flying the XS-1. introduction to the fleet. all the potential military, civilian, 2,267.6 kg) to less than USD5 Smith Marina Malenic Grace Jean Jane’s Naval and commercial benefits that million per flight. The XS-1 is Jane’s Aviation Reporter, Reporter, Washington, DC capability would provide.” expected to cost one-tenth of Washington, DC First published online: 19/08/14 The programme is expected the price of today’s launch sys- First published online: 20/08/14
ihs.com/janes 27 August 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly | 11
010-011_JDW_27082014.indd 11 22/08/2014 15:49:59 EUROPE For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes Austria further reduces QRA capabilities
GEORG MADER JDW Correspondent Budget cuts mean Austria’s
VIENNA P 15 Typhoon fighters will be Felstead/IHS:1568264 held on active QRA for an hour More austerity-induced less per day cuts are being made to Aus- The Typhoons’ QRA mission tria’s active air surveillance will be supplemented by capabilities. An Austrian Air Force Saab 105ÖE performing at RIAT in 2014. Budget cuts to 44-year-old Saab 105ÖEs air operations will mean that Austria’s 44-year-old Saab 105ÖEs will have to The head of the combat sec- supplement the country’s Eurofighter Typhoons on QRA duties. tion in the Austrian Ministry of Defence (MoD), Major General for Austria’s peacetime security”. supplement the Eurofighters, fly- assets in Austria to about EUR65 Karl Schmidseder, told a press con- Referring to previous measures ing a total of about 1,200 hours million a year. ference on 20 August that from that cut the number of Austrian per year. However, the ‘flexible office next month the Bundesheer’s supersonic-capable operational Although an upgrade plan for hours’ manning from next 15 Eurofighter Typhoon fight- pilots down to 11 and one trainee Austria’s Saab 105ÖEs has been month of what used to be 24/7 ers will be held on active quick- (detached to Lecce,Italy), Maj discussed for several years, the QRA cover over neutral Austria reaction alert (QRA) for an hour Gen Schmidseder said: “It’s like aforementioned 12 aircraft are has provoked harsh criticism. “It less per day. Due to a combination car sharing; all 15 [Typhoons] will now to receive a modest avion- is reasonable for the second-rich- of continuing and fresh budgetary remain active, but will be flown ics upgrade to remain usable in est society in the EU that Aus- cuts, “we have to accept gaps, also by different pilots in rotation.” modern controlled airspace up to tria’s airspace is secured around in the air”, he said. Given that this means just 2020. No replacement process for the clock,” said Colonel Gerhard From 1 September an average four to six Typhoons will be the aircraft has been identified. Schweiger, of the Austrian Offi- of 11 daytime QRA hours will be operational on any given day for The MoD expects that all the cers’ Association. “It is a shame; operated flexibly, as “there will a maximum of 1,070 hours per cuts to Austrian Air Force opera- only Luxembourg has a smaller be days with 14 hours on readi- year for the whole fleet, the MoD tions will save about EUR4.5 defence budget than we have. ness while on other days it will confirmed that 12 of the surviv- million (USD5.9 million) a year. “This should provoke an outcry, cease in the afternoon”, said Maj ing 22 44-year-old Saab 105ÖE According to Maj Gen Schmid- but the Austrian military has no Gen Schmidseder, who claimed jet trainers will have to soldier on seder, this will bring down the lobby in politics and society.” there would be “no repercussions as active air-surveillance assets to running costs for all military air First published online: 21/08/14
range, longer shelf-life, and offer MBDA to upgrade Hungarian Mistrals better anti-jam protection) as well as the delivery of Matis MP3 The Hungarian Ministry of ian MoD’s Office of Defence The Hungarian company also optronic sighting systems, manu- Defence (MoD) announced on Economics. supported integration of the factured by Sagem. 19 August it had signed a con- Under the contract the cur- Mistral system with the K-1P fire The value of the deal was not tract with European missile rent M2 missiles of the Mistral control system, a modernised disclosed, but the Hungarian MoD house MBDA to upgrade the system deployed with the HDF version of the Russian K-1M has developed a multi-year financ- Mistral short-range surface- will be overhauled and upgraded system that can control both ing system to cover the procure- to-air missile (SAM) systems by the Hungarian state-run HM Russian-made SAMs such as ment costs to alleviate the strain of the Hungarian Defence Arzenál Zrt company, which the 2K12 Kub (NATO reporting on its tight budgetary sources. Force (HDF). has co-operated for over 15 name SA-6 ‘Gainful’), which is Mistral M2s on vehicle- The agreement, to be imple- years with the manufacturers of also deployed by the HDF, as well mounted Atlas twin-launchers mented from 2016-2018, the Mistral, including MBDA’s as NATO-standard systems. have been fielded by the HDF was signed by Didier Philippe, predecessor, the former French- SmithA key part of MBDA’s Mistral since 1997. MBDA’s senior vice-president UK Matra BAe Dynamics and upgrade contract with the HDF Peter Dunai for Europe, and Colonel Tibor its Italian-Swiss subcontractor, will be to supply newer M3 mis- JDW Correspondent, Budapest Balla, deputy head of the Hungar- Oerlikon Contraves. siles (which have an extended First published online: 20/08/14
12 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 27 August 2014 ihs.com/janes
012-013_JDW_27082014.indd 12 22/08/2014 12:15:48 For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes EUROPE
that he expected NATO to cover Bulgaria to direct up the capability cap while Bulgaria Czechs willing sought a longer-term solution to to offer arms, to 20% of defence replace its Soviet-era MiG-21bis/ UM fi ghters and Su-25K/UBK ammo to Kurds ground-attack aircraft. budget to equipment “The issue of air safety is The Czech Foreign Ministry naturally a national priority, but announced on 15 August its MATTHEW SMITH Jane’s Industry Reporter within NATO it is a major task willingness to provide export LONDON of the Supreme Commander licences to Czech entities seek- of Allied Forces in Europe. This ing to supply the government Bulgaria’s main political par- 2020’, which it hopes will estab- means that if … a nation can- of Iraqi Kurdistan surplus small ties have agreed to increase lish a more stable and realistic not guarantee air sovereignty, arms and ammunition from investment in military capa- basis for the defence forces. there are effective mechanisms Army of the Czech Republic bilities by between 15% to While Shalamanov did not give in a temporary plan for it to be (ACR) stockpiles as aid to 20% of the defence budget, details of specific programmes, guaranteed under Euro-Atlantic combat jihadist rebels of the according to interim Defence he told Capital: “It is clear that solidarity. This is one option to Islamic State. Minister Velizar Shalamanov. critical to us are abilities related reduce dependence on Russia and Various Czech defence manu- In an interview with Bulgarian to aviation security, maritime to allow for a long-term solution facturers such as Tatra Trucks and newspaper Capital on 16 August, security, and cyber security, for Bulgarian combat aircraft Aero Vodochody have been offering Shalamanov said that “the most with the ability to support civil without being under pressure.” heavy vehicles and jet training aircraft important decision is the agree- authorities in disasters, accidents, Shalamanov also identified to the Kurdish and Iraqi authorities. ment between the parties to and catastrophes, and effective cyber capabilities as a priority for However, any such exports would reach a defence spending target participation in the reaction investment. “Allied components require permission from the Czech of 2% of GDP and, more impor- forces and NATO operations in for early warning and surveillance, government, which is in recess until tantly, the separation of 15-20% our fi eld of specialisation. missile defence, and air security the end of August. of that into investments in new “We want to see which of depend on the functioning of “We are only willing [at this stage] high-tech capabilities”. these projects can be imple- quite complex communication, to issue [export licences] for small Bulgaria announced a USD1.4 mented within the agencies of and information and intelligence arms,” First Deputy Foreign Minister billion equipment plan in Febru- NATO and the EU on a bilateral or systems. Their protection and Petr Drulak informed media on 15 ary 2013. Few details were given multilateral basis, so with mini- their functioning in terms of cyber August. at the time and the country’s mal resources we get maximum war are critical. So if you need to Other types of military aid that parlous fi nancial state led to the effect and ensure we will be fi nd a modern and very urgent pri- could be provided by Czech entities postponement of its fl agship interoperable,” he said. ority, it’s cyber defence,” he said, include medical equipment and fi ghter aircraft procurement just One programme that looks adding that the cyber domain also surplus ballistic vests. months later. The government is unlikely to be revived in the offered potential for developing Jiri Kominek now developing a new long-term short term is the fi ghter procure- Bulgaria’s defence industry. JDW Correspondent, Prague strategy called ‘Bulgaria in NATO ment, with Shalamanov saying First published online: 19/08/14 First published online: 18/08/14 Russia’s A-100 AEW&C platform nears production
Acceptance trials of Russia’s mental onboard equipment has national defence order pursuant installed on the A-50. The Premier Beriev A-100 new-generation been completed and its design to specifications issued by the system also offers improved track- advanced airborne early documentation prepared; the Russian Ministry of Defence, is a ing of high-speed targets. warning and control (AEW&C) equipment is due to be presented follow-on to the in-service A-50 Krailyuk said that the A-100 aircraft could begin in 2017, for acceptance trials in 2016. and updated A-50U AEW&C “indisputably outperforms” the according to Anatoly Krailyuk, The A-100 uses the Il-476 (Il- aircraft, of which the Russian in-service A-50. deputy director-general for 76-MD-90A) military transport, Air Force operates 10 and three “Preparations for production research and development powered by PS-90A-76 engines, examples respectively. [of the A-100] are under way,” he at the Vega concern that is as its base platform, a production The A-100’s Premier radar sys- added. “We hope that this aircraft building the new platform’s line for which is located at the tem uses a rotating phased-array will be readily accepted by the radar system. Aviastar factory in Ulyanovsk. antenna that provides mechanical Russian Defence Ministry and be Speaking on 15 August at the The A-100 conversion work takesSmithscanning in azimuth and active put into series production.” Oboronexpo-2014 military exhi- place at Beriev’s Taganrog facility. electronic scanning in elevation Nikolai Novichkov bition in Zhukovsky, Krailyuk The new AEW&C platform, and turns a full 360° in 5 seconds: JDW Correspondent, Moscow said the new aircraft’s experi- which is being created under a twice as fast as the Shmel radar First published online: 21/08/14
ihs.com/janes 27 August 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly | 13
012-013_JDW_27082014.indd 13 22/08/2014 12:15:51 ASIA PACIFIC For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
China unveils COMMENT the helicopter is airborne, have been photographed on Liaoning’s flight deck. None of the current PLAN destroy- As with the Shenyang J-15 carrier ASW version of ers or frigates will be able to strike aircraft, which features a shark support the 13.8-tonne maximum emblem, the Z-18s appear to be marked take-off weight of the Z-18, so in with squadron-type emblems: the AEW Z-8 helicopter the near term it will be limited to variant is marked with a flying bat and operating at sea from the carrier the ASW aircraft with a swooping eagle. Liaoning and the three Type 071 Commentators have suggested that ANDREW TATE JDW Correspondent amphibious landing platform both will be embarked on Liaoning in Images of a new ASW LONDON docks. The anticipated construc- due course, with speculation that the helicopter have appeared on tion of Type 081 landing platform carrier’s air wing will include four AEW Chinese websites A new anti-submarine war- helicopter ships and Type 055 and four ASW helicopters, significantly The helicopter, dubbed the fare (ASW) helicopter for the destroyers would increase the enhancing the ships self-protection. Z-18F, is a locally developed People’s Liberation Army Navy number of platforms that are IHS Jane’s recently reported that version of the legacy SA-321 (PLAN) is undergoing testing, capable of embarking the aircraft. China also needs to deploy fixed-wing Super Frelon according to news reports and The Z-18F is the third variant to airborne early warning and control Chinese military websites. emerge, alongside a utility/VIP transport aircraft. Deploying a PLAN equivalent The aircraft, believed to be des- version and an airborne early warning of the US Northrop Grumman E-2C ignated Z-18F, has been devel- (AEW) platform, possibly with the desig- Hawkeye, perhaps derived from existing Chinese oped from the Changhe Aircraft nation Z-18J. Mock-ups and prototypes land-based aircraft, therefore represents
Industry Group (CAIG) Z-8, itself MND: of the AEW version, which has a radar a minimum requirement, although this
a derivative of the long-serving 1568260 antenna fitted in place of the loading would also require a carrier fitted with a French SA-321 Super Frelon. ramp that is lowered for operation when catapult launching system. Images show that the Z-18 The Z-18F features substantial design features a redesigned cockpit and modifications from previous CAIG helicopters. modified hull form, while previ- attack helicopter. Instead it is prob- reports suggest that it can carry up ous company statements suggest AC313 is powered by three Pratt able that the Z-18 is fitted with a to 32 sonobuoys and 4 lightweight extensive use of composites and & Whitney (P&W) PT6B-67A development of theWZ-6 deriva- torpedoes such as the Yu-7. It has a titanium in its construction. The engines, giving it a maximum tive of theTurbomeca Turmo 3C prominent chin-mounted surface reports also state that it is fitted speed of about 180 kt, an operat- that powers the Z-8. Aviation search radar and it is probable that with a new type of engine and ing range of 485 n miles, and an Industry Corporation of China the aircraft is fitted with a datalink composite main rotor blades. internal load capacity of 4 tonnes. (AVIC) andTurbomeca (Safran) are like the Ka-28s in service with These modifications appear However, the Z-18 military jointly developing theArdiden 3C/ the PLAN, enabling it to operate to be in line with the Avicopter variants are unlikely to have P&W WZ16 engine that will power the in third-party targeting mode AC313 commercial design (origi- engines given the fines imposed medium-lift AC352/Z-15 deriva- for long-range anti-ship cruise nally designated Z-8F-100) that on P&W for supplying engines and tive of the EC175. missiles launched from surface first flew from CAIG’s Jingdezhen control systems that were subse- The Z-18F ASW variant is combatants. production facility in 2010. The quently installed in theWZ-10 equipped with a dipping sonar and First published online: 20/08/14 Indonesia upgrades South China Sea naval base
The Indonesian Navy (Tentera upgrades as consisting primarily of erence to any particular country. territory,” Gen Moeldoko said. Nasional Indonesia – Angkatan logistics support facilities, includ- News of the naval base upgrade As well as increasing its naval Laut, or TNI-AL) has begun ing the building of fuel depots, that follows comments made by the assets, the TNI has also said that upgrading its naval base at will enable theTNI-AL to sustain Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) it plans to expand the presence of Ranai in Riau Islands to sup- deployments in the area. chief General Moeldoko in Febru- its army and air force in the area, port a planned increase in ship “The logistics facilities are ary on plans to deploy additional including the deployment of a numbers in the region, a senior being [upgraded] to support the assets in the area as a pre-emptive Sukhoi fighter aircraft squadron TNI-AL officer has said. TNI-AL’s increasing presence measure against instability in the and four Boeing AH-64E Apache Speaking to IHS Jane’s on 14 in the region so that we may South China Sea. attack helicopters in Riau Islands. August in Jakarta, TNI-AL Chief safeguard the country’s maritimeSmith“Due to their strategic geo- Ridzwan Rahmat of Staff for the Western Fleet territories from any hostile forces graphic position, the Natuna Jane’s Senior Asia-Pacific (KOARMABAR) Commodore should they pose a threat”, he Islands could be used as an Naval Reporter, Jakarta Amarulla Octavian described the said, without making specific ref- infiltration point into Indonesian First published online: 19/08/14
14 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 27 August 2014 ihs.com/janes
014-015_JDW_27082014.indd 14 22/08/2014 12:14:14 For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes ASIA PACIFIC
country’s defence industrial base. receive the most. In the past the Indonesia increases “The allocation of funds [will procurement budget has been be] used to, among other things, augmented by funds secured defence budget by 14% continue to fulfil the basic through foreign loans from Russia strength requirements outlined as well as other financial mecha- in the Minimum Essential Force nisms such as export credit. JON GREVATT Jane’s Asia-Pacific Industry Analyst & [MEF] strategy, thus enhancing In his speech, Yudhoyono also CRAIG CAFFREY Jane’s Defence Budgets Analyst the role of Indonesia’s defence included military modernisation BANGKOK & LONDON industry in both the production – or what he called the “accelera- and the maintenance of defence tion” of the MEF strategy and the Outgoing Indonesian Presi- continuing economic expansion equipment,” he said. “empowerment” of the defence dent Susilo Bambang Yud- (estimated at about 5.7% in 2014). No breakdown of the budget industry – as one of eight national hoyono has announced a Yudhoyono, who will step was provided by Yudhoyono, priorities that the state budget 2015 defence budget of INR95 down in October to make way although statistics published by would support during fiscal year trillion (USD8.1 billion): a year- for president-elect Joko Widodo, IHS Jane’s Defence Budgets show 2015. Others included improve- on-year increase of 14%. said in his annual budget speech that Indonesia usually spends ments to manufacturing com- The proportion of GDP that on 15 August that the military about 22% of it on procurement. petitiveness, the management of defence has been allocated in 2015 expenditure will be directed at This would provide the TNI natural resources, the effective- remains relatively low at about continuing the modernisation with about USD1.7 billion to ness of subsidies, education, and 0.8% and the budget increase of the Indonesian Armed Forces spend on acquisitions, with the social security. mainly reflects Indonesia’s (TNI) and consequently the navy and air force expected to First published online: 18/08/14
COMMENT industrial sector. response to any strategic threat. Early Industry Law commits the government The modernisation of the MEF has stages of the MEF plan have focused on to procure military equipment and main- In his last budget speech Yudhoy- been described as not only related to internal threats but future phases will tenance services from local industrial ono has effectively highlighted two procurement but also to improving the be increasingly geared towards external sources. If capabilities do not reside of his main legacies: campaigns to professionalism and effectiveness of the pressures and towards Indonesia within the country, the law requires local modernise the TNI through the MEF TNI as a modern fighting force. achieving a military balance with any industry to partner foreign contractors in and efforts to support the growth In terms of acquisitions the MEF perceived threat within the Asian region. developing and manufacturing military of the national defence industry in strategy aims to establish the scale Yudhoyono’s focus on developing platforms indigenously whenever pos- a bid to develop skills, create jobs, and nature of military capabilities the defence industry was crystallised by sible. The law is supported by a defence and enhance innovation in the that Indonesia needs to to deploy in legislation in October 2012. The Defence offset policy formally introduced in April.
Supacat wins Australian special forces contract Supacat:
Australia has awarded UK- Since then Supacat success- 1588261 based Supacat Group an fully completed the programme’s AUD105 million (USD98 million) prototype development and Australia’s new special operations vehicles will be based on the latest version contract for 89 special opera- evaluation phase, the DMO said. of the Extenda high-mobility transport (HMT). tions vehicles based on the lat- The Extenda HMT is similar to and training support. Elbit Systems of the HMT platform”. est version of the Extenda high- 31 HMT Special Operations Vehi- of Australia is providing command- The Extenda HMT will be built mobility transport (HMT), the cles delivered to Australia in 2009 and-control systems. in Australia through Supacat company said on 19 August. for use by its special forces. Joint The Supacat statement Team Australia, which opened in The Defence Materiel Organisa- Project 2097 Phase 1B (REDFIN) described the HMT Extenda as Melbourne in January 2012. “It tion (DMO) awarded the contract seeks to replace ageing modified being “unique in being con- is the launch pad for Supacat Pty for what it calls the Special Land Rovers with the SOVs-Cdo. vertible to either a 4x4 or 6x6 in the Australian defence mar- Operations Vehicle – Commando The vehicles include crew ballis- configuration to meet different ket,” said Mick Halloran, manag- (SOV-Cdo) after the April 2012 tic and mine-blast protection alongSmithoperational requirements. It ing director of Supacat Pty Ltd. selection of Supacat as preferred with an integrated logistic support added that the SOV-Cdo will be James Hardy bidder for its Joint Project 2097 package that covers operating, delivered in four reconfigurable JDW Asia-Pacific Editor, London Phase 1B (REDFIN) programme. engineering, maintenance, supply, roles, emphasising the flexibility First published online: 19/08/14
ihs.com/janes 27 August 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly | 15
014-015_JDW_27082014.indd 15 22/08/2014 12:14:16 Allen IHS/Patrick
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5723_0614AA_IHS Haystack Gold ad update_275x210.indd 1 03/06/2014 15:52 For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA IDF wants more Namer APCs and Israel Trophy systems Defense For ces: 1568265
YAAKOV LAPPIN JDW Correspondent Senior officers say they want TEL AVIV far more Namer APCs, which The Trophy system, seen here fitted to a Merkava Mk 4 operating in the Gaza have superior armour, to replace Strip during Operation ‘Protective Edge’, has proved itself in combat. Senior army officials have the thousands of M113s that the one that occurred on the M113,” armed Hizbullah group. “We will expressed hope that the IDF continue to operate. They a senior army source said. need large quantities of [new] Israel Defense Forces (IDF) also say they want to equip more “There were arguments before- armoured vehicles [to take on will acquire better-protected vehicles with the Trophy APS, hand about why we needed the Hizbullah],” said the officer. armoured vehicles and more which they credit with defend- Namer and Merkava Mk 4. I think Hundreds of attacks on active protection systems ing Merkava Mk 4 tanks against after Operation ‘Protective Edge’ modern Israeli AFVs failed to (APS) such as Rafael’s Trophy. more than a dozen anti-tank these questions will shrink away,” cause significant damage during The comments came after missile strikes carried out by the source added. ‘Protective Edge’, the source said, seven members of the elite Golani militants during Operation ‘Pro- The officer warned that, while declining to give precise numbers. Brigade were killed by a rocket- tective Edge’. the IDF’s current armour was He said that the Trophy system propelled grenade attack on their “We want many more Namer sufficient for an “unstoppable” had “pleasantly surprised us with M113 armoured personnel carrier APCs for the infantry. If we had offensive in the Gaza Strip, this its extreme precision and unique (APC) during Operation ‘Protec- more Namers and more defences, was “unlikely to be the case for operational capability. It answered tive Edge’ against Palestinian we would have fewer casualties Lebanon”, where the IDF would the threat.” militants in the Gaza Strip. from missile strikes such as the come up against the better- First published online: 21/08/2014 Tunisia’s patrol boat programme progresses steadily
The Italian government is arrived at its home port of La navigation system includes helping the Tunisian Navy and Goulette near Bizerte in Septem- Simrad and Sperry Marine radars, National Guard bolster their ber 2013. The next pair – El Jala (P a mast-mounted electro-optical maritime patrol capabilities by 203) and Remada (P 204) – were sensor, and satellite communica- donating 12 patrol boats as handed over on 12 June 2014 at tions (satcoms), all integrated by 1568254 ttoria: part of a security assistance La Goulette. These three boats AlmavivA. The boats reportedly Vi Naval
package signed in April 2011. replaced elderly French-origin cost about EUR8 million (USD11 e
The 12 patrol boats include six 31.45 m, 80-tonne Istiqlal-class million) each. Cantier P270TNs for the Tunisian Navy patrol boats of the same name. The Tunisian variants of the Tunisia’s National Guard has received and six P350TNs for the National P 208 will be called Sakiet Sidi P350 are based on a design for five of its six P350TN patrol boats. Guard, all built by Cantiere Navale Youssef and P 209 Kerkennah, the Libyan Coast Guard, which system that includes Simrad and Vittoria (CNV) in Adria. Duò said, while P 209 has yet to operates at least two such vessels. Furuno radars, a mast-mounted CNV chairman Luigi Duò told be named. They have aluminium hulls with a optronic sensor, and satcoms. IHS Jane’s that his company had The P270TN has a length of length of 35 m, a beam of 7.2 m, These were also integrated by delivered five of the P350TNs 27 m, a beam of 7.2 m, a full- and a full-load displacement of AlmavivA. While the patrol boats and three of the P270TNs since load displacement of around about 140 tonnes. Powered by are being delivered without arma- December 2012. The next two 90 tonnes, and a crew of 14. Its two Rolls-Royce Kamewa 63S3 ment, they can be equipped with P270TNs will be delivered by waterjet propulsion system com- waterjets, each driven by an MTU 20-30 mm guns and machine October. The last P350TN and prises a centreline Kamewa Rolls- 16V 4000 M93 engine, the boats guns. The two boats together cost P270TN were originally options Royce 40A3 and two Kamewa have a top speed of 38 kt, a range about EUR16.5 million, according and are expected to be delivered Rolls-Royce 50A3s, each driven of 600 n miles, and an endurance to Italian media reports. by February 2015, Duò said. by an MTU 12V2000M84 engine.Smithof five to six days. Kerry Herschelman The first P270TN, Joumhouria Its range is 500 n miles. Like the P270TNs, they are JDW Correspondent, (P 202), was handed over to the The P270TN’s command, fitted with a command, control, San Francisco Tunisian Navy in July 2013 and control, communications, and communications, and navigation First published online: 21/08/2014
ihs.com/janes 27 August 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly | 17
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9174_0313TB For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA
new digital map system that would Su-24s carry out ANALYSIS make night attacks easier to carry out. Algeria and Sudan are the only Algerian officials have repeatedly Tripoli airstrike countries in the region that cur- denied rumours that the Algerian rently operate Su-24s. Sudan armed forces are helping to fight Islam- JEREMY BINNIE JDW Middle East/Africa Editor received its first Su-24MK aircraft ist militants in Libya or Tunisia, which LONDON from Belarus in 2013, but seems would violate the country’s consti- the less likely of the two to have tutional ban on carrying out military The Libyan faction led by the Al-Arabiya television news carried out the airstrikes in operations inside other countries. retired general Khalifah Haftar channel. “The pilots said that western Libya, 2,700 km away However, the Algerian press has has claimed responsibility for they had carried out effective from their aircraft’s home at Wadi been highlighting the security threats an airstrike carried out against strikes that led to destroying all Sayyidna Airbase – not least coming from neighbouring Libya. On militias in Tripoli on the night the targeted sites and silencing because Haftar’s faction has 6 August the news website Al-Fajr of 17-18 August. their fire.” previously accused Khartoum of claimed that the Algerian military has The strike reportedly targeted The Libyan Air Force’s base at flying arms to the Misrata militias deployed S-125 air defence systems to an ammunition store at Mitiga Binina, outside Benghazi, is loyal in Tripoli. the eastern border to shoot down the Airbase, which is controlled by to Haftar and has serviceable Algeria is not only much closer to airliners that jihadists have supposedly the Islamist militias from Misrata MiG-23 and MiG-21 jets. How- western Libya, but has also upgraded stolen from Tripoli International Airport who are currently fighting Haftar- ever, none of Libya’s Su-24s has some of its Su-24MKs to the Su- with the intention of carrying out allied militias from Al-Zintan. been seen flying since the 2011 24MK2 standard, which includes a suicide attacks. “The Libyan eagles of the air, conflict. on board Sukhoi-24 long-range Although a half-moon would weapon launchers that were have meant visibility was good Binina, provided a different ver- Later on 18 August Brig Gen brought back into service again, over Tripoli, Libyan Air Force offi- sion of events. He told the Libya Jarushi told the newspaper Su-24s carried out precise and intensified cers have said their pilots are not Herald his aircraft had not carried under his control – but provided airstrikes early yesterday morning trained to carry out night attacks. out the airstrikes. However, he by a foreign air force – had carried on targets of the so-called ‘Libya Brigadier General Saqr Jarushi, said he had personally provided out airstrikes he implied were in Dawn’ militias,” Haftar’s spokes- who was sacked as Libya’s air force target co-ordinates to a European addition to the earlier ones. man, Muhammad al-Hijazi, told chief but continues to command air force he did not identify. First published online: 19/08/2014 Syria enhances T-72 protection
Syria has developed a new bar armour in a similar war to ness depends on a number of passive armour package to the ones that are fitted under factors, it is generally said to enhance the survivability of the turret bustle of Israel’s Mer- defeat 60% of RPG-7 rounds, as its Russian-supplied T-72M1 kava MBTs. long as they are the older type main battle tanks (MBTs) The hull of the T-72M1 has also with fuzes that can be neutral- against RPG-7 rocket pro- been fitted with bar/slat armour ised by contact with the bars. pelled grenades. around its hull sides and pos- At this stage, it is unclear Photographs published on a sibly across the rear arc as well, whether this is a prototype bar/ pro-Syrian military Facebook although this cannot be seen in slat armour installation or if the page on 9 August show a T-72M1 the photographs. package has been deployed on 1528876 with a locally designed bar/slat The upgraded Syrian vehicle Syrian Army T-72M1s for opera-
armour array fitted to its turret is fitted with a slab of additional tions. Encylopaedia: A Syrian T-72M1 fitted with bar/ to provide increased protection armour on the glacis plate, which Syria operates a large fleet Military slat and chain armour.
against RPG-7 rounds through a already has laminate armour. of T-72M1 MBTs, with some Syrian full 360°. More chains hang across the fitted with the standard Russian Export T-72 MBTs did not The bar armour is on an front of the tank where it would explosive reactive armour (ERA) always have the same level of all-welded frame positioned a be difficult to fit bar armour package, which only provides ballistic protection as the T-72s short distance from the turret. without it coming off during cross protection over the frontal arc. delivered to the Soviet Army. It would appear that gaps have country operations. The first-generation Russian The T-72 MBT was also in many been left in the left side of the Bar/slat armour is designed ERA only provides protection respects the second-tier Soviet bar armour so that the sighting to neutralise the fuze of some Smithagainst projectiles with a HEAT tank after the T-80. system for the 125 mm smooth types of high-explosive anti- warhead, but the latest gen- Christopher F Foss bore gun is not obscured. tank (HEAT) rounds fired from eration provides a much higher Jane’s Land Consultant, London Metal chains hang from this the RPG-7. While its effective- level of protection. First published online: 19/08/2014
ihs.com/janes 27 August 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly | 19
017-019_JDW_27082014.indd 19 22/08/2014 14:41:01 BUSINESS For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
In brief Australia looks to speed up
Spain restarts logistics search Spain has restarted a search for a Future Frigate elements centralised private logistics operator for all three services: a contract worth up to EUR137 million (USD182 JON GREVATT Jane’s Asia-Pacific Industry Analyst initially expected to start in the million). The process was fi rst BANGKOK early 2020s, although Johnston launched in October with the aim of a said in his speech that this work contract by May. The reason for the Australian Defence Minister could also be brought forward. Australia plans to bring delay has not been made clear. David Johnston has outlined a Johnston said: “Part of the work forward elements of the potential plan to bring forward on the Future Frigate programme Future Frigates programme to Teledyne purchases Atlas IP elements of the programme to close shipbuilding gaps is to examine whether we can Teledyne Technologies has bought locally build eight Future Frig- commit to the construction of The gap is to emerge between most of the intellectual property ates for the Royal Australian some early blocks to ensure there the end of AWD production owned by Atlas Elektronik subsidiary Navy (RAN) in a bid to bridge is no break in production overall. and the start of Future Atlas Hydrographic but not all its an anticipated gap in naval Submarines contruction We are now examining all the product lines. Teledyne said some shipbuilding over the next few blocks required for the Future employees would switch companies. years. Frigate and whether some of Speaking on 21 August to the Destroyer (AWD) programme these might be constructed early.” LM completes Zeta buy Australian Business Industry and the start of construction of He added: “This approach is Lockheed Martin has completed the Group, Johnston said the Aus- Future Submarines towards the intended to foster an enterprise- purchase of Zeta Associates. Zeta tralian Department of Defence end of this decade. level shipbuilding plan providing is a technical engineering services (DoD) was considering the early Earlier this year the govern- for the long-term future of naval business based in Fairfax, Virginia, construction of frigate modules to ment allocated AUD78 million shipbuilding in this country.” that had previously been employee- ensure Australian naval shipbuild- (USD73 million) towards bringing Johnston said a similar owned. The company, which has ers were not severely affected by forward preliminary design work strategy might be applied to the about 350 employees, specialises the expected gap in work. on the Future Frigate programme, Future Submarines programme, in working with satellite surveillance This gap, often referred to in which seeks to procure eight large which will replace the RAN’s technologies and will be part of Lock- Australia as the ‘valley of death’, multirole vessels to replace the Collins-class submarines by the heed’s Space Systems division. is expected to emerge between RAN’s eight Anzac-class frigates. mid-2020s. the end of the RAN’s Air Warfare Construction of the vessels was First published online: 21/08/14 Forgacs buys Broens Naval shipbuilder Forgacs – currently building modules for Australia’s Air Warfare Destroyer project – has Germany backs industrial consolidation acquired fellow Australian company Broens: a precision-engineering Germany is to promote indus- not depend on exports alone”. His comments follow German services group with production facili- try consolidation in Europe, “We need to talk about Euro- fi rms’ complaints that more ties in New South Wales and South the German Minister for pean consolidation, maintenance, restrictive arms export controls Australia. Broens is a subcontractor Economic Affairs and Energy, and renewal of stocks,” he said. instituted in June would affect on the Lockheed Martin F-35 inter- Sigmar Gabriel, announced on The issue of defence jobs was export orders. national fi ghter programme. 19 August. also raised, with Gabriel saying Charles Forrester Gabriel, a member of the Social that the issue of workforce secu- Jane’s Defence Industry Analyst, GE stakes KFX claim Democratic Party, said the coun- rity was not to influence decisions London General Electric (GE) announced try’s industry perspectives “do on defence export licences. First published online: 21/08/14 on 21 August its intention to bid to supply engines in collaboration with local industry to power the Republic COMMENT and BAE Systems in 2012. Germany’s KMW and France’s Nexter of Korea Air Force’s (RoKAF’s) Airbus CEO Tom Enders has since Systems announced in early July that proposed KFX indigenous fi ghter. The The comments by Gabriel are at publicly criticised the German govern- they were negotiating to effectively KFX project would involve producing odds with the country’s previous ment and identifi ed declining sales to merge under an umbrella holding more than 100 aircraft from around stance on defence consolidation, the German government and military company. The new entity is hoped to 2025 to replace the RoKAF’s ageing with Chancellor Angela Merkel Smithas a key factor behind the company’s begin trading in early 2015 and will fl eets of McDonnell Douglas F-4 and effectively sinking the merger fi nancial challenges. bring together two of Europe’s largest Northrop F-5 fi ghters. between EADS (now Airbus Group) Gabriel’s announcement comes after armoured vehicle manufacturers.
20 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 27 August 2014 ihs.com/janes
020-021_JDW_27082014.indd 20 22/08/2014 14:50:19 For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes BUSINESS
August that work on the engine Time called on An-124 was continuing in collaboration Russia, Belarus with Ukraine’s Motor-Sich. work together production re-start When the accords were signed in December, the then-Ukrainian on EW systems prime minister, Mykola Azarov, CHARLES FORRESTER Jane’s Defence Industry Analyst said that the joint venture Russian electronics company LONDON between Russia and Ukraine was KRET has agreed a joint venture expected to produce 80 aircraft (JV) with Belarusian company The Russo-Ukrainian joint by President Viktor Yanukovych. worth a total of USD12.9 billion. AGAT-Control Systems to venture to resume production The announcement came as It is understood that orders for upgrade, repair, and maintain of the Antonov An-124 has Ukraine’s Ivchenko-Progress about 50 aircraft were needed to electronic warfare (EW) systems been shelved due to the completed assembly of the first make resuming production profit- in service with both countries. ongoing political tensions two-stage gas generator assembly able, with the manufacturers hav- The announcement of the new between Russia and Ukraine. for the D-18T in July, with the ing received most of the required JV, called EW Technology, was made According to Russian wire first full engine expected to be number of orders to do so. At least during the Oboronexpo-2014 interna- service ITAR-TASS, Russian delivered for certification testing 20 of these were destined for the tional exhibition on 15 August. Deputy Minister of Industry at the end of 2014. The new vari- Russian Air Force, for which the The announcement also sug- and Trade Yuri Slusar made the ant – the D-18T 3M – is under- aircraft is a key part of its heavy gested that EW Technology’s ser- announcement on 15 August stood to have been planned to lift capability. vices could be exported, with Algeria, on the sidelines of the Interna- have Full Authority Digital Engine An-124s, which are widely Armenia, Cuba, Egypt, Kazakhstan, tional Air Transport Forum in Controls (FADEC), a lifetime of used in the commercial cargo and Vietnam mentioned as possible Ulyanovsk, Russia. Ukraine cur- 50,000 hours and 11,111 cycles, and heavy lift industry, have export destinations. rently maintains a ban on defence and improved noise and emission commonly been leased by NATO The formation of EW Technology exports to Russia: a move that is standards to meet international countries from commercial cargo followed an announcement on 13 forcing Russia to begin focusing civil aviation requirements. companies to transport goods to August by the Belarusian Ministry on import substitution for its An Ivchenko-Progress spokes- and from Afghanistan. of Industry and Trade that Belarus defence industry. person told IHS Jane’s on 21 First published online: 19/08/2014 was seeking to supply integrated The resumption of production circuits for defence applications to of the An-124, one of the world’s Russia. The Russian and Belarusian largest cargo aircraft, and its governments also announced in Ivchenko-Progress D-18T January that they would boost turbofan engines was one of the expenditure on joint military accords signed between Russia projects by more than 50%. This and Ukraine on 17 December covers a range of ventures, such as
2013. However, it was the signing IHS/Patrick joint military forces and bases, as of these and other economic and well as space programmes.
financial agreements that ulti- Grounded: the Russo- Alllen: Matthew Smith Jane’s Industry
mately led to the overthrow of the Ukrainian plan to resume An-124 1414422 Reporter, London production has been shelved. former Ukrainian government led First published online: 18/08/14 Vietnam, Czech Republic sign defence trade deal
Vietnam and the Czech Rep- efforts that add momentum to ment will be supported by the The Czech Republic’s sales to ublic have signed an agree- any US decision to ease its long- signing of a formal memorandum Vietnam since 2003 are valued ment in Hanoi that cements standing ban on exporting lethal of understanding that the two at USD188 million. Most sales the European country’s posi- defence items to the Southeast countries will sign soon, said the feature electronic defence equip- tion as one of the biggest sup- Asian country. government. ment and spares for the Vietnam- pliers of military equipment to The Vietnamese government According to EU statistics, the ese armed forces’ ageing Soviet- the Vietnamese armed forces. said its preliminary agreement Czech Republic is Vietnam’s pri- era inventories. Other major The agreement – signed on 15 with the Czech Republic features mary European supplier of mili- suppliers to Vietnam include August – coincided with further a pledge to collaborate in military tary equipment, with military Russia, Ukraine, and Canada. meetings in Hanoi between Viet- technologies, training, main- Smithsales between 2010 and 2012 Jon Grevatt namese and US defence officials tenance and repair, and wider totalling around USD71 million, Jane’s Asia-Pacific Industry about an expansion of the two defence industrial activity in ahead of France (USD69 million) Analyst, Bangkok countries’ strategic partnership: unspecified fields. The agree- and Germany (USD27 million). First published online: 19/08/14
ihs.com/janes 27 August 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly | 21
020-021_JDW_27082014.indd 21 22/08/2014 14:50:20 BRIEFING
ANZAC frigate modernisation Sailing apart
Although Australia and New Zealand jointly procured their ANZAC frigates to a common baseline, the two nations are now following very different courses for their respective mid-life update programmes. Richard Scott reports
t is now almost a quarter of a century control system supplied by what is now Saab trolled via a Mk 309 torpedo setting panel) Isince the prime contract for the ANZAC Systems (previously CelsiusTech) and based for Mk 46 Mod 5 lightweight torpedoes, and Ship Project (named after the Austra- on the company’s 9LV Mk 3 product. The a Mk 36 Decoy Launch System (firing 130 lian and New Zealand Army Corps of the 9LV 453 configuration comprised seven mm chaff and IR countermeasure rounds). First World War) was inked by the Com- Type IIA dual-screen multi-function opera- However, much has changed in the 25 years monwealth of Australia and the AMECON tor consoles (MFCs) interfacing to the key since the inception of the ANZAC Ship Project consortium. This collaborative programme elements of the combat system through with regard to the policy postures and defence between the Australian and New Zealand an Ethernet local area network. Saab also planning assumptions of the two partner governments resulted in the design, devel- took responsibility for the combat system nations. As the ships come to the halfway opment, and construction of 10 ANZAC- engineering required to integrate sensors, point in their careers (the MEKO 200 ANZ was class guided missile frigates – variants of weapons, and command facilities into a uni- built for a design life of 25-30 years), these the Blohm+Voss MEKO 200 design – for fied combat system. emerging requirements are today reflected in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), which Saab Systems additionally supplied the the very different frigate mid-life modernisa- received eight ships between 1996 and G-band Target Indication Radar (TIR), based tion programmes now being pursued on either 2006, and the Royal New Zealand Navy on the Sea Giraffe 150HC radar, and the Ceros side of the Tasman Sea. (RNZN), which commissioned its two ships 200 radar/electro-optic fire control director. in 1997 and 1999. The latter comprised a Ku-band radar, daylight RAN enhancements Both navies’ ships were procured under a TV and infrared (IR) cameras, and a laser range- For Australia, Project SEA 1348 – the single joint project directorate, for which a finder, plus an X-band feed for the continuous requirement that led to the ANZAC frig- treaty between Australia and New Zealand wave illuminator (CWI) required to support ates – was originally conceived to deliver a detailing management arrangements was semi-active missile guidance. so-called ‘Tier 2’ light patrol frigate for low- signed in December 1989. Long-range surveillance was provided to medium-intensity missions. Given this Designed as general-purpose surface by a Raytheon AN/SPS-49(V)8 2D L-band limited role, and the ‘fitted for but not with’ combatants for worldwide operation, the radar and associated Cossor identification philosophy of the time, the ANZACs were 10 ANZAC ships were all assembled and friend or foe (IFF) interrogator/transponder. delivered relatively lightly armed. Yet even integrated at the Williamstown, Victoria, Other sensors installed at the outset of the before the first ship entered service, the RAN Australia, shipyard of what is now BAE programme included a Racal-Thorn Sceptre- had begun to consider a raft of capability Systems. Ships for both Australia and New A 0.5-18 GHz electronic support measures enhancement options to exploit the growth Zealand were delivered to an essentially (ESM) outfit, a Dasa Telegon 10 communica- potential inherent in the platform and com- common platform, propulsion, and combat tions ESM (CESM) system, and a Thomson bat system. system configuration. Marconi Sonar Spherion B bow sonar. Accordingly, the RAN’s ANZAC fleet On the propulsion side a highly efficient Relatively modest warfare capabilities at has benefited from a series of incremental combined diesel or gas (CODOG) machinery start-of-life reflected an intention to acquire update packages. One of the most important arrangement was selected, using a single frigates capable of offensive patrol work but has been the replacement of the RIM-7P General Electric LM2500-30 gas turbine and retaining adequate self-defence. Accord- missile with the RIM-162 Evolved SeaSpar- twin MTU 12V-1163-TB83 diesels driving ingly, the ANZAC ships were delivered with row Missile (ESSM), which offers improved twin shafts with controllable-pitch propel- a single Mk 45 Mod 2 5-inch medium-cali- kinematic performance and a significantly lers. This was designed to give the ships a bre gun, RIM-7P NATO SeaSparrow point- expanded engagement envelope over its pre- speed of 27 kt at full load and a range in defence missiles (firedSmithfrom an eight-cell Mk decessor. Furthermore, the greater packing excess of 6,000 n miles at 18 kt. 41 Mod 5 vertical-launch system [VLS] and density of ESSM (four quad-packed missiles At the hub of the ANZAC combat sys- receiving guidance support from the Ceros can be accommodated in a single Mk 41 tem was the 9LV 453 command and fire 200 CWI), Mk 32 triple torpedo tubes (con- cell) significantly increases the defensive
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firepower available to a single ship. first ANZAC frigate to receive the SSCWI to support mission planning, including auto- The provision of ESSM capability, and transmitter. matic missile flight routing for coastal shore- integration into ANZAC frigates, is man- Under Project SEA 1348 Phase 3A, all line areas, selectable terminal trajectory, and aged under Project SEA 1428; its scope has eight ANZAC ships have received the RGM- multi-target, multimissile engagement. Saab included design changes to combat system 84L Harpoon Block II anti-ship missile as Systems, through the ANZAC Ship Alliance, hardware and software elements, and part of an Underwater and Surface Warfight- developed new software to support the design and modification of ship platform ing Upgrade Program. Two quad launchers AHWCS combat system interface. and weapon systems, shore facilities, and have been installed in front of the bridge; A milestone in the integration of Harpoon logistic support. The combat system has below decks, the Boeing Advanced Harpoon on ANZAC ships was achieved in December been redesigned to interface directly to the Weapon Control System (AHWCS) is fitted 2004 when HMAS Warramunga conducted Mk 41 VLS and to a new solid-state CWI a successful first-of-class test firing of the (SSCWI) developed by CEA Technologies. AHWCS utilising a Harpoon Blast Test Vehicle The combat system software also incorpo- off the coast of Western Australia. A first rates Australian-developed ‘engageability’ Harpoon Block II live firing was performed data and exploits advanced operating modes from HMAS Perth in June 2012 at the US of the missile during engagement to enable Navy’s Point Mugu Missile Range facility local-area defence, high-value unit protec- off California. tion, and crossing target capabilities to be Other changes have included the introduc- exploited. tion of the Nulka active missile decoy system A first ESSM firing was conducted from (each ANZAC ship has received four quad HMAS Warramunga off Western Australia launchers: two fitted amidships on either in January 2003. Warramunga was the beam and a further pair mounted back to
HMAS Warramunga at sea. Note the Harpoon missile canisters forward of the bridge. Warramunga was the first ANZAC ship to
receive the Harpoon fit. Australian DoD: 1526622
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considered an ambitious ANZAC Ship Warfighting Improvement Programme (WIP) under Project SEA 1443. This foresaw a substantive upgrade that would combine improved anti-ship missile defence (ASMD) with an air-warfare capability based on the retrofit of a 3D radar, additional Mk 41 VLS and the Standard Missile 2 (SM-2). In the event the WIP was abandoned in late 1999 after studies showed it to be impractical within acceptable bounds of cost and risk. Instead, the DoD announced that it would pursue a less ambitious plan to enhance the ASMD capability alone so as to “provide a practical level of self-protection against anti-ship missiles”. This programme, under the umbrella of Project SEA 1448 Phase 2, has set out to confer the ANZAC ships with a robust local area air-defence capability so as to defeat the The CMS upgrade forming part of SEA 1448 Phase 2 involves the introduction of the improved 9LV 453 latest generation of anti-ship missile threats. Mk3E system (with 10 new 30-inch widescreen operator consoles) and the complete remodelling of the Phase 2, in fact, comprises two distinct operations room. Australian DoD: 1526616 parts: Phase 2A embraces improvements to the combat management system (CMS) to shorten the detect-to-engage sequence and the introduction of an infrared search-and- track (IRST) system to provide improved detection and indication of low-elevation air threats in cluttered environments; Phase 2B addresses improvements to the ships’ fire- control capability to expand the number of simultaneous ESSM engagements. The CMS upgrade involves the introduc- tion of the improved 9LV 453 Mk3E system and the complete remodelling of the opera- tions room. This new action information organisation has been designed to reduce the time between detection and engagement of anti-ship threats and improve the overall tactical information flow among the com- mand team. The operations room is now populated by 10 new 30-inch widescreen operator HMAS Perth was the first ship to receive the ASMD upgrade under Project SEA 1448 Phase 2. The new consoles with touchscreen input technol- PAR suite is housed in the distinctive mast fitted amidships. Australian DoD: 1526623 ogy and running latest operational software for sensor management, fighter control, and back on the hangar roof); an ESM upgrade (EO) director were introduced to service weapon system co-ordination. Large screen (bringing Sceptre-A up to a replacement from 2005 to improve force protection displays on the bulkheads present intelli- standard known as Centaur); introduction against asymmetric threats in the northern gence, CCTV, and status information. of a multilink capability (adding Link 16 and Gulf. Each ship deploying to the region Sagem was in 2005 contracted to supply Variable Message Format datalink capabili- receives two remotely controlled Mini- its Vampir NG IRST system as part of Project ties alongside Link 11); and the replacement Typhoon 12.7 mm mountings (fitted port SEA 1448 Phase 2. Each ANZAC frigate is of the Mk 46 Mod 5 lightweight torpedo and starboard on the hangar roof) and two to receive two stabilised sensor heads, each with the Eurotorp MU90 Impact torpedo TopLite directors (fitted fore and aft). scanning at 90 rpm, fitted fore and aft to under Joint Project 2070/Project Djimindi. Smith ensure uninterrupted 360° coverage around Under a separate minor project, the Rafael ASMD upgrade the ship. Mini-Typhoon lightweight remote weapon During the mid-1990s the RAN and the Project SEA 1448 Phase 2B set out to station and associated TopLite electro-optical Australian Department of Defence (DoD) improve fire-control capability in order to
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A Raytheon phased-array missile fire control illumina- RIM-162 ESSM tor – in development by Canberra-based CEA missile is fired Technologies. from HMAS Perth during testing at Following at-sea demonstration and risk the Pacific Missile reduction testing during 2004, the DoD Range Facility in 2005 announced that it had selected in Hawaii in late CEAFAR/CEAMOUNT to form the core of August 2013. These tests demonstrated the ASMD upgrade. CEAFAR is an active ESSM missile 3D phased array built up using a modular guidance in ICWI tile and panel array concept, and employing mode. digital beamforming techniques in order to dynamically adapt and change modes to meet complex environmental conditions and threat scenarios. The fit adopted for the ASMD upgrade has six fixed faces to provide
4 360° surveillance. 62
26 The associated CEAMOUNT illuminator 15
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Au get illumination and missile uplink support for the semi-active radar-homing ESSM. This allow ships to control more than one ESSM assessed the benefits offered by indigenously confers the ability to control multiple ESSM in flight. The original baseline for this developed phased-array radar (PAR) tech- missiles in flight at the same time, providing upgrade provided for one additional Ceros nology – comprising the CEAFAR S-band a substantial uplift in self-defence capabil- 200 CWI director for a second missile chan- active phased-array radar and the associated ity and also allowing for the protection of nel of fire. In parallel, the Australian DoD CEAMOUNT X-band multi-channel active mission-essential units in consort.
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From an external perspective the installa- ing a multinational firing serial at Exercise HMAS Arunta, the second of the RAN’s tion of the new PAR suite radically changes ‘Rim of the Pacific’ (‘RIMPAC’) 2012 off ANZAC ships to receive the ASMD upgrade, the ANZAC profile. A new mast is installed Hawaii. During this ‘RIMPAC’ serial, Perth began sea acceptance trials in late June 2014. amid ships, atop which sits a distinctive fired a pair of ESSMs at two sea-skimming Next in line is HMAS Anzac, which began cupola housing the CEAFAR radar and targets, again in HAW mode. Harbour Acceptance Trials in July, with the CEAMOUNT illuminator. The legacy TIR is Operational test and evaluation per- remaining five ships to be upgraded by the removed and the AN/SPS-49(V)8 volume formed at the Pacific Missile Range Facil- end of 2017; Ballarat, Parramatta, Stuart, search radar antenna is re-sited to a new ity (PMRF) in Hawaii in late August 2013 Toowoomba, and Warramunga will all enter position atop the cupola. included a number of successful ESSM the ASMD upgrade and refit cycle during Also introduced under SEA 1448 Phase firings in a series of stressing scenarios to 2014-15. 2B is a new navigation radar system based demonstrate full Stage 2 capability. Stage 2 With the RAN planning to run its ANZACs on two Kelvin Hughes SharpEye I-band consists of a software upgrade to both the well into the 2020s, the ASMD modernisa- radars. Video feeds from the two radars are PAR and CMS enabling missile guidance in tion is by no means the last major upgrade combined into a single video output so as interrupted continuous wave illumination for the class. Indeed, a number of other to prevent ‘blind arcs’ owing to above-deck (ICWI) mode. updates are already under contract, includ- obstructions. The system also provides a A total of 10 ESSMs were launched in five ing a new electronic surveillance capability navigation tactical display in the bridge and live firing serials at PMFR to prove the new under Project SEA 1448 Phase 4A (with operations room and feeds radar video out- capability, with ICWI used in all live firing the Exelis ES-3701 ESM system replacing put into the CMS and ECDIS system. serials. Testing at PMRF included success- Centaur) and a modernised communications HMAS Perth was used as a pilot ship to ful missile engagements against multiple suite under Project SEA 1442 Phase 4 (being prove the ASMD modifications implemented sea-skimming targets, and demonstrated the delivered by Selex ES). under Project SEA 1448 Phase 2. A first firing successful implementation of the ICWI capa- Planning effort continues in support of trial, undertaken from the ship in May 2011 bility by controlling two simultaneous ESSM the ANZAC Class Block Upgrade Program as part of Stage 1 trials, saw ESSM missile engagements through the CEAMOUNT scheduled to commence in 2016. This will guidance exercised in home-all-the-way illuminator system. incorporate the Maritime Communications (HAW) mode. Initial operational release fol- Two separate engagements involving Modernisation (Project SEA 1442 Phase 4), lowed in August 2011. firings of ESSM were conducted against a proposed Air Search Radar Replacement The following year the ship participated in GQM-163A Coyote supersonic targets. Both (Project SEA 1448 Phase 4B), and a Platform an advanced air warfare weapons event dur- were successful. Systems Remediation programme.
HMNZS Te Mana sails alongside the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln in the northern Gulf. New Zealand’s two ANZAC frigates have participated in maritime security operations in the Gulf
on a number of occasions. US Navy: 1526618
Smith
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There are also aspirations to provide the class with a Long Range Persistent Subsur- face Detection Capability under Project SEA 1100 Phase 4. Intended to confer the class with an enhanced anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability, SEA 100 Phase 4 projects an ability to employ a towed-array sonar from the ANZAC-class frigates to enable the detection and tracking of submarines and torpedoes at tactically useful ranges. Another important uplift will come with the arrival of a new embarked aviation capa- bility. The RAN’s ANZAC ships are currently configured to embark, operate, and support a Sikorsky S-70B-2 Seahawk helicopter. However, this will be replaced from 2015 onwards by the MH-60R multi-mission heli- copter, 24 of which are being procured from the US Navy as a Foreign Military Sale under Project AIR 9000 Phase 8.
FSU for New Zealand The ANZAC frigates HMNZS Te Kaha and The Royal New Zealand Navy ANZAC frigate HMNZS Te Mana, foreground, pictured in company with HMNZS Te Mana today constitute the RNZN’s Australian ANZAC ‘sisters’ HMAS Parramatta and HMAS Perth. Visible behind is the UK Royal Navy
Combat Force – in essence, the fighting arm destroyer HMS Daring. US Navy: 1526621 of the navy. New Zealand’s Defence Capabil- ity Plan notes that the ANZAC frigates and during their careers; examples include the the ANZAC frigates be upgraded “to improve their integrated capability systems “represent installation of the Phalanx close-in weapon their defensive capability against contempo- the only maritime force element capable of system (CIWS) and the addition of the Mini- rary threats and to enable them to continue operating across the spectrum of operations Typhoon/Toplite package for force protec- to provide a valued contribution to coalition from constabulary and humanitarian tasks tion against asymmetric threats. operations”. to combat roles as part of a multinational Mindful of the need to restore the The SDU was subsequently re-cast as the response”. It adds: “The frigates are also able warfighting capability of the class, which Frigate Systems Upgrade (FSU), addressing to protect other ships including amphibi- has diminished over time in the face of the comprehensive modernisation of the ous sealift and logistical support ships [and evolving regional threats, a Self-Defence ANZAC ships’ command, weapon, and sensor their embarked] naval helicopters provide Upgrade (SDU) project was established by suite in both the above-water and under- extended reach, surveillance, and air-deliv- the New Zealand Defence Force in 2007. water realms. Its objective is to ensure that ered weapon capabilities.” New Zealand’s 2010 Defence White Paper the ships retain a credible capability and can During the course of their careers, and not- affirmed this requirement and proposed that operate in the South Pacific and wider Asia- withstanding the force generation constraints inherent in a binary force, Te Kaha and Te Mana have both been deployed into the Gulf and the Indian Ocean in support of coalition maritime security opera- tions. They have also been routinely deployed into the Asia-Pacific region. However, compared with their Australian cousins, the RNZN’s two ANZAC ships have been the sub- ject of only modest combat system upgrades Smith CGI concept of a post-FSU ANZAC frigate. The topside layout shown in this rendering may change during the current preliminary
design phase. NZ MoD: 1526617
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service, and capitalisation costs. The project will manage a number of separate contracts including the prime system integrator (assuming the CSI role), preliminary design, missiles, sonar upgrade, torpedo defence system, and ASMD decoys. Lockheed Martin Canada, as prime system integrator, was awarded a NZD207 million contract on 29 April for the design and sup- ply of the CMS for the two ANZAC frigates, together with the supply and integration of various sensors, the missile system, and a combat system trainer for the Devonport Naval Base in Auckland. The majority of the work will be com- pleted in Canada and includes the procure- ment and integration into the ships’ combat system of key sensors. Te Kaha and Te Mana will effectively ‘slot in’ after the 12 Halifax- class frigates from 2016. There will be about 70% commonality between the Canadian and New Zealand ships as far as the effort required to deliver the upgrade is concerned. MBDA’s Sea Ceptor system – featuring the CAMM(M) effector – will meet the requirement for a new At the hub of the upgraded frigates’ Local Area Air Defence capability as part of the FSU for New Zealand’s ANZAC frigates. MBDA: 1526619 combat system will be a new Lockheed Martin Canada CMS based on that already Pacific region out to end-of-life in the 2030s. The Detailed Business Case endorsed an being delivered for the HCM programme. This FSU in fact forms the largest part of active missile system to fulfil the role of Known as CMS 330, this will feature nine a Mid-Life Upgrade (MLU) for Te Kaha and LAAD; although not publicly disclosed at the new multifunction workstations, each with Te Mana. It follows on from an already-com- time, the MBDA Sea Ceptor system and its three screens. pleted CIWS upgrade (improving the original associated Common Anti-air Modular Missile The legacy AN/SPS-49(V) search radar, Phalanx Block 1 to Block 1B standard) and an (Maritime) – CAMM(M) – were downse- TIR, and Ceros 200 radar/EO director are ongoing Platform Systems Upgrade (focused lected at this point. being removed as part of the FSU project. on the improvement of the frigates’ propul- RfTs were issued to industry in March A Navantia gun control unit (GCU) will be sion, heating, ventilation, and air condition- 2013, closing in May that year. Five propos- provided by Lockheed Martin Canada that ing systems). als were received from potential combat will interface with CMS 330 and the Mk 45 system integrators (CSIs) and 19 from Mod 2 gun (the GCU is similar to those fitted Scope companies interested in other aspects of the on the Spanish Navy F-100 frigates). The FSU project covers the upgrade of project. From May through August last year Many other systems are common to the the surveillance, combat and self-defence the project team – supported by the Defence HCM programme. These include the Thales capabilities of the ANZAC frigates to match Technology Agency and RNZN subject mat- SMART-S Mk 2 3D surveillance radar, a current and future threats, while addressing ter experts – evaluated the totality of RfT Telephonics IFF suite (AN/APX-505(V) IFF obsolescence in some of the current systems. responses. interrogator and AN/APX-119 transponder), The full scope includes the replacement of In August 2013, following a detailed the Elisra NS9003A-V2NZ ESM system, an CMS hardware and software, new radars, evaluation of the responses, Lockheed Mar- IBM-supplied datalink processing system electronic detection and other above-water tin Canada was selected as preferred CSI ten- (providing tactical data exchange via Link sensors, improved anti-ship missile decoys, derer subject to the successful completion of 11 and Link 16, with an option expand- a torpedo defence system, an upgrade to the due diligence. Its approach for the FSU was ing to Link 22), and the Rheinmetall hull-mounted sonar, and the replacement of to leverage significant elements of the frig- MASS_DUERAS soft-kill countermeasures the RIM-7P NATO SeaSparrow point-defence ate upgrade package already being delivered system (incorporating adjunct DUERAS missile system with a more capable Local by the company for the Royal Canadian chaff rockets alongside standard Omni-Trap Area Air Defence (LAAD) system. Navy’s 12-ship Halifax Class Modernisation ammunition). Following a request for information (HCM) programme. A number of new-to-type sensor systems process, the New Zealand cabinet approved Cabinet approval came in April 2014 for have additionally been selected for the FSU. the FSU Detailed Business Case in November the project to commitSmithto contract at a total These comprise SAGEM’s Vampir NG IRST 2012, authorising the Ministry of Defence’s project cost of NZD446 million (USD375 (with twin heads), Saab’s Naval Laser Warn- (MoD’s) Acquisition Division to issue million), including project management ing System, and the Kelvin Hughes Sharp- requests for tender (RfTs). costs, contingency, introduction into Eye radar.
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MBDA was in May 2014 contracted for Airborne Systems will provide its FDS-3 contract change proposal, the installation the provision of the Sea Ceptor LAAD sys- passive radar decoy system to meet the work package provided for in the contract tem and the associated CAMM(M) missile. ASMD soft-kill requirement. An export will result in additional work for the Seaspan Each frigate will have a capacity of up to derivative of the UK’s Outfit DLF(3) system, shipyard in Victoria, British Columbia. 20 CAMM missiles using new standalone FDS-3 deploys a rapid-response inflatable The first ship is planned to undertake the launchers sited in the same deck space as cur- RF decoy (based on a fast-erecting structural installation or refit phase in the third quarter rent occupied by the Mk 41 Mod 5 VLS. corner-reflector) from deck-mounted of 2016 and the second ship approximately ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems Australia launch tubes. 12 months later. The project is expected to (TKMSA) Pty Ltd was the same month taken Turning to torpedo defence, Ultra Elec- be completed in 2018. on contract for the FSU preliminary design tronics’ Sonar Systems business has been A further boost to the capability of the phase. In this role TKMSA is taking respon- awarded a NZD9.9 million contract to supply ANZAC ships will come with the introduc- sibility for the mast and upper deck design, its Sea Sentor Surface Ship Torpedo Defence tion to service of the Kaman SH-2G(I) Super compartment layout, and physical integra- (SSTD) system as part of the FSU. Ultra will Seasprite helicopter as a replacement for the tion of the new and legacy systems. deliver two Sea Sentor SSTD ship sets, each current SH-2G(NZ). New Zealand is acquir- An upgrade of the hull-mounted sonar is to comprising a single in-line towed-array solu- ing 10 SH-2G(I) helicopters, with deliver- be implemented by Thales Australia, which tion utilising a passive tow for detection, ies beginning in early 2015; eight aircraft is introducing a Broadband Sonar Advanced classification, and localisation of the inbound will enter service, with the two additional Processing System (BSAPS) for the Spherion torpedo threat, and a flexible towed-body airframes to be used for spares. This project B hull-mounted sonar. BSAPS is a COTS- countermeasure able to decoy and jam all tor- also includes the acquisition of Kongsberg based signal processing upgrade matured pedo types, including wake-homers. Optional Penguin Mk 2 Mod 7 anti-ship missiles, under a Capability and Technology Demon- launchers fitted topside can deploy expend- which will replace the current stock of less strator programme conducted by Thales in able acoustic countermeasures. capable Maverick missiles. conjunction with Australia’s Defence Science The majority of the FSU work scope Richard Scott and Technology organisation. Thales is also will be completed in Canada at Lockheed is the IHS Jane’s Naval Consultant, supplying its TUUM-6 multi-channel Digital Martin facilities in Dartmouth, Kanata, and based in London. Underwater Communication System. Montreal. Subject to the MoD initiating a First published online: 18/08/2014
" " " " " " ! " ! " ! Smith
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The Asia-Pacific rebalance Guam tip of the spear
As the United States’ westernmost territory, Guam is playing an increasingly important role. Gordon Arthur reports on progress there with improvements to accommodate part of the US strategic shift to the Pacific
ust as it was strategically vital in the rather than permanent, assets. It supports strate how assets could quickly surge. JSecond World War, so is Guam today a continuous bomber presence, typically Colonel Steve Wolborsky (rtd), director a pivotal US base in President Barack comprising six Boeing B-52s from the of plans, programmes, and readiness for the Obama’s strategic rebalance to the Asia- continental US (CONUS), on a six-month USAF’s 36th Wing, described the importance Pacific region in light of North Korea’s bel- rotation. Several RQ-4 Global Hawk Block of the island: “Guam is at the extremity of ligerence and China’s rising might. 30 unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), based US territory. It’s something Pacific Air Forces The US Navy (USN) and US Air Force there since 2010, proved their worth in calls the strategic triangle with Alaska, (USAF) are resident at Naval Base Guam and Japan’s 2011 earthquake and the 2013 Hawaii, and Guam – Guam being the tip of Andersen Air Force Base (AFB) respectively. typhoon in the Philippines. Four KC-135 the spear. It’s generally advantageous to the These installations fall under Joint Region air-to-air refuellers rotate through Guam on US to have forces this far forward with this Marianas: a Department of Defense (DoD) a monthly basis, giving the USAF a strategic kind of robust capability.” construct established in 2009 to oversee all ability to project power. On the rebalance, Wolborsky said: “We’ve Guam bases. Facilities are being improved It is interesting to note that, after China been in a steady growth mode for 10 years. I and expanded as the rebalance takes effect. established an Air Defence Identification think there’s a lot of interest in making sure The US Marine Corps (USMC) is set to join Zone in November 2013, it was B-52s from we have a long-term resiliency and sustain- the USN and USAF as facility construction Guam that flew through it to make a point. ability to operate here as a strategic base.” occurs through to the late 2020s. Guam’s strategic location was demon- He noted real growth in exercises and strated during Exercise ‘Cope North Guam’ training, driven in part by Guam’s greater Andersen AFB on 17-28 February. Nearly 90 utilisation in Aviation Training Relocation An important characteristic of the 77 km2 US, Japanese, and Australian (ATR), under which Japan pays three quar- Andersen AFB is that it hosts rotational, aircraft gathered to demon- ters of the cost of moving US fighter units
Smith A USAF B-52H Stratofortress bomber takes off on a routine mission from one of Andersen Air Force
Base’s two 11,000 ft runways. Gordon Arthur: 1526633
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from Japanese bases to train elsewhere. US Marine Corps relocation to Guam Andersen AFB is technically a USN instal- lation, as the navy is responsible for base support and facilities. Much of the infrastruc- ture is ageing and its newest housing is more than 50 years old. However, accommodation Andersen 1 is being recapitalised and infrastructure such AFB 3 NCTS Finegan 2 as water, underground wiring, and sewerage 4 is being modernised. Major operational facilities are also being Philippines Sea constructed. New projects authorised for fiscal year 2014 (FY 2014) include two large Tumon Bay aircraft hangars (one general purpose and 5 Andersen the other for maintaining fuel systems) and South a hangar for the USN’s new MQ-4C Tritons. Agana Bay Set to arrive from late 2017, the Tritons will 6 Navy Barrigada monitor the region’s oceanic domain. 8 Apra Air Force Barrigada For FY 2015 Guam has received a construc- Harbor tion budget of USD128 million. This includes 7 10 9 GUAM funding for Andersen AFB’s Northwest Field Pago Bay area, which will gain an airfield operations facility for the Red Horse construction bat- 1 North ramp utilities & parking Pacific 2 Aircraft maintenance hangar talion in addition to a satellite fire station. Naval Ocean Meanwhile, under the Pacific Airpower munitions 433 North ramp utilities site site improvements Resiliency initiative, which involves harden- 4 Andersen AFB North Gate ing critical infrastructure and improving 4666 5 Andersen South projects rapid-recovery capabilities after an attack, the 6 Defence access road FY 2015 budget approved Increment 2 work 7 Defence access road for the fuel maintenance hangar, as well as a 8 Port of Guam improvements combat communications facility. Apra Harbor utilities 99 Andersen AFB will become busier under 10 Wharf projects the USMC realignment plan agreed with Cocos 11108US DoD property on Guam Japan under the Defense Policy Review Lagoon Road Initiative (DPRI). Facilities are required for
an aviation combat element (ACE). A parking 0 10 km apron for MV-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft and The current location of US Department of Defense facilities and Source: IHS/US DoD zones on Guam, which occupy about 29% of the island’s land. a wash rack facility (inaugurated last year for © 2014 IHS, 1521484 rinsing aircraft operating in a salt-air environ- ment) worth USD73 million was contracted market for US military spending. “I think it’s asset is the submarine tender USS Frank in April 2011. an embodiment of the idea of the rebalance,” Cable and there are no known plans to shift In August 2013 the Naval Facilities he said. other warships to the island. Engineering Command (NAVFAC), which While Andersen AFB is starting to see As part of the submarine deployment, acts as project manager, awarded a follow-on investment, there is an inevitable lag several projects were authorised in FY 2014: USD20.2 million contract to further develop between articulating a grand strategy and an enhanced ship repair facility, a storage the USMC’s North Ramp parking area, as well government agencies reorienting to execute building, and an upgrade to Sierra Wharf. as associated utilities such as taxiways and it, he added. The director admitted no knowl- Captain Mike Ward, Naval Base Guam’s a fuel distribution system. A USMC hangar edge of other air assets being committed to commanding officer, said his base has mainly built with Japanese funding was approved Andersen AFB, but said the base is postured tenant commands – 32 in total, of which under the FY 2014 budget. to host further permanent or rotational units. 23 are navy – in contrast to rotational units A key construction consideration is Guam’s that use Andersen AFB. He manages 5,900 area cost factor of more than 2.0: structures Naval Base Guam military personnel/DoD civilians and 5,000 cost double what they would in the CONUS In April 2013 the USN announced that a family members. because the island is isolated, seismically fourth Los Angeles-classSmithsubmarine would Capt Ward described major infrastructure active, and in an area prone to typhoons. transfer to Naval Base Guam. USS Topeka will projects in Apra Harbor as momentum slowly Wolborsky said the building boom is “defi- join USS Chicago, Key West, and Oklahoma builds. The first two construction projects for nitely a niche area” in an otherwise declining City in about a year’s time. The base’s biggest the USMC relocation were officially opened
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Apra Harbor with submarine tender USS Frank Cable public roads leading from Naval Base Guam visible in the background. Wharf reconstruction work to Andersen AFB. is ongoing in the foreground. Gordon Arthur: 1526635 However, the reduced relocation figure for marines, agreed in co-ordination with the Japanese government, required supplemental environmental impact statements (SEISs) for the Finegayan cantonment and other ele- ments such as a live-fire range that had been deferred. Contracted via NAVFAC, the SEISs take time to conduct but are essential to deci- sion making. An SEIS considers 18 impact areas, such as water resources, noise, traffic, and socioeconomic factors. “One of the things we’re obviously con- cerned about is taking into account local sensitivities and concerns,” said Maj Alvarez. The Department of the Navy published a draft SEIS on 18 April and will deliver a final one by the end of 2014. A record of decision by the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Energy Installations and Environment is then on 22 January: a shore-based welcome able to train at the navy-managed Mariana expected in early 2015, which will open the centre and a USD88 million refurbishment of Islands Range Complex (MIRC) and be way for multi-year contracting and construc- Tango Wharf and Uniform Wharf, which was forward-deployed is a unique synergy Guam tion to commence around 2015/16. rendered inoperable after a 1993 earthquake. offers, he noted. The total relocation cost is expected to be Another USD70 million contract provided about USD8.6 billion, of which Japan will utilities and site improvements for Sierra, USMC relocation fund USD3.1 billion. While the timelines Tango, Uniform, and Victor wharves to A crucial aspect of Guam’s growing military are open-ended at this time, the draft SEIS permit embarkation of a USMC Amphibious significance will be the eventual relocation predicts the project will take 13 years. Ready Group (ARG). of USMC personnel from Okinawa. Under The refurbishment of the ageing and a revised 2012 plan, around 5,000 marines Island defence underserved X-Ray Wharf, which is adjacent (of which two thirds will be on six-monthly Responding to North Korean provocations, to Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) ware- rotations) and 1,300 family members are the US Army deployed a Terminal High- housing, was also approved in FY 2014. scheduled to relocate there. Altitude Area Defence (THAAD) missile A USD39.7 million contract was awarded This will entail major construction of 525 battery to Guam in April 2013. The THAAD in June, with work set to begin later this houses, barracks, base infrastructure, and battery is sited on Northwest Field, where it year. “When you take all these things into training areas. Major Darren Alvarez, deputy will have an ongoing presence. consideration, the inner harbour will be, in director of the Joint Guam Program Office Lieutenant Colonel Clyde Cochrane, a couple of years, pretty much brand new,” (JGPO) responsible for USMC relocation the battery’s commander, told IHS Jane’s: said Capt Ward. On 20 September 2013 a planning on the island, said the preferred “We’re here to act as a strategic deter- USD52.4 million contract was awarded to preliminary site for the marines’ canton- rent against North Korea and, should that build a new fuel pipeline and upgrade an ment is the 5.9 km2 Naval Computer and deterrence fail, then we shall neutralise any existing one running from Naval Base Guam Telecommunications Station (NCTS) theatre ballistic missile threat from North to Andersen AFB. Work should conclude in Finegayan near Andersen. Nevertheless, Korea.” At the same time, THAAD could just February 2016. the JGPO lists four alternative cantonment as easily be used to defend against Chinese Capt Ward described the base’s housing sites to help decision-makers, as well as five missile threats. as among the best in the navy. The North proposed live-fire complex sites, for which As the US DoD implements its strategic Tipalao housing refurbishment concluded Northwest Field (adjacent to Andersen) is shift to the Pacific region, Guam thus serves in 2013, while NAVFAC Marianas awarded a the preferred option. as an unsinkable logistics base for forward- USD23.8 million contract in September that It was originally envisaged that 8,900 deployed aircraft and ships in the Western year to revitalise 60 homes at the Lockwood marines and 9,000 dependents would relo- Pacific, enabling US strategic power projec- Terrace settlement. Upon completion, all cate to Guam and a previous 2010 record of tion. With Washington regularly airing homes will be essentially brand new. About decision covering construction of various concerns about the lack of transparency in 55% of families choose to live on base. facilities was made on that basis. That China’s military build-up, Guam is becoming USN and foreign vessels regularly pull into approval permitted ongSmithoing projects such as more indispensable than ever. Guam during regional deployments/transits, improvement at the ACE North Ramp and Gordon Arthur is a JDW Correspondent, but Capt Ward predicted the tempo would Apra Harbor wharf, training/manoeuvre reporting from Guam. pick up once the USMC settles in. Being facilities at Andersen South, and upgraded First published online: 19/08/14
32 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 27 August 2014 ihs.com/janes
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ihs.com/janes 27 August 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly | 33
033_JDW_27082014.indd 33 22/08/2014 11:02:31 INTERVIEW Rear Admiral Lars Saunes
CHIEF OF THE ROYAL NORWEGIAN NAVY
n the wake of a major reorganisation of the which will enter service from 2017 onwards, IRoyal Norwegian Navy (RNoN), Rear Admi- are necessary to meet the challenges we are ral Lars Saunes – who took over the helm as facing in the High North,” said Adm Saunes. navy chief on 1 April – is tasked with bringing However, the navy’s main project is the the service’s new units to the highest level of replacement of its six Ula-class submarines, operational readiness in order to meet current commissioned between 1989 and 1992. and future commitments. “We must decide on how to renew the sub- “Being a maritime nation, hosting a wide surface fleet: either to give them a further life range of offshore infrastructures, as well as extension or acquire new boats,” said the admi- having a world-class commercial fleet, the ral. “In the case of opting for new builds, we’re RNoN has to maintain a naval capability that looking to other navies with similar require- can be used when national interests are chal- ments, the Swedish Navy being the privileged, Guy
lenged,” he told IHS Jane’s. To but not necessarily exclusive, partner.” re “Our role in this is to ensure that our assets mans: In the meantime, the Ula-class boats are
are available for international taskings when 1526642 undergoing an upgrade that will enable them and where deemed necessary. Although the to remain in operation for the next 15 years. procurement programme left us smaller, we As far as the RNoN’s mine warfare assets are are far better equipped. We now have a cred- ‘We now have a concerned, the admiral said that a further life ible fighting force available for national needs credible fighting extension of the Oksoy/Alta-class vessels will and international engagements.” not be undertaken because they have been Adm Saunes said the two cornerstones force available’ used far more than originally expected. of the fleet – the new Fridtjof Nansen-class “The hulls reach their expected service end frigates and the Skjold-class corvettes – were in the 2020s. Like many navies we are consid- fulfilling all expectations. ering the future of our mine countermeasures “Both the frigates and the corvettes provide exclusive economic zone and fishing grounds (MCM) capability,” he said. “One option is the us with an increased operational capability around Svalbard and the Jan Mayen islands, as use of a support ship for control of autono- in their respective fields of use and greater well as search and rescue and environmental mous underwater vehicles, or unmanned credibility to our navy – both nationally and protection operations. systems could be embarked in other platforms internationally,” he said. In support of the RNoN’s new mobile opera- to provide an organic MCM capability.” The admiral noted that the capabilities tional concept, a new logistic support vessel Looking ahead, Adm Saunes sees several offered by the Nansen class extend beyond air (LSV) is being built at South Korea’s Daewoo emerging trends that could influence the defence. “Their impressive sensor, weapon and Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) future development of the RNoN. C4I suites give us capabilities not found on under a contract signed in June 2013. Entry One of these is the impact of globalisation, other navies’ frigates,” he said. into service is scheduled for late 2017. resulting in increased reliance on seaborne Meanwhile, the new Skjold-class corvettes, DSME’s design has been developed with trade. “Norway is deeply involved and is one of designed for anti-surface warfare in littoral BMT Defence Services and is a variant of the the main transporters in the world,” he noted. waters, “are amongst our most flexible assets”, latter’s generic Aegir 18 afloat replenishment “Therefore we have a vested interest in keep- Adm Saunes continued. “Due to their unique and logistics support vessel. ing the global trade safe and secure.” seagoing capabilities, advanced technology and The new LSV is primarily intended to Another trend is the ever-increasing their crews’ expertise in littoral operations, provide afloat support for an RNoN task group, complexity of naval warfare. “This tendency these units are much more than traditional but will also be able to contribute to other is particularly challenging for small navies fast patrol boats. They contribute substantially operations such as humanitarian relief and because the capacity and competence within to a wide range of operations in the littorals logistics support to forces ashore. The vessel the organisation will always be limited,” Adm and are even suited for interdiction and crisis will additionally offer capacity for aviation, Saunes explained. “To alleviate these chal- response operations.” medical, and maintenance support. lenges, we’re seeking to partner with other With tasks growing in complexity and with “It will be an important force multiplier navies – clearly within the framework of missions becoming more diverse, the navy and, for the first time, give the RNoN an NATO, but also by increasing bilateral partner- is increasingly focused on contributions to organic capability to sustain a task group at ships, in particular within the areas of training international crises management, peacekeep- range,” the admiral said.Smith and education.” ing operations and other NATO commitments, Another priority is the acquisition of a new Guy Toremans while the coastguard shoulders responsibil- class of coastguard vessels to replace the navy’s JDW Correspondent, Bergen ity for surveillance and control of Norway’s three Nordkapp-class units. “The new ships, First published online: 19/08/14
34 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 27 August 2014 ihs.com/janes
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