GD 135 HISTORY OF GRAPHIC DESIGN Chapter 4: Illuminated Manuscripts ......

TERMS: • Illuminated manuscript (page 49) • Mainz Haggadah (pages 62-63) • Scriptorium (page 49) • Qur’an or Koran (pages 63-64) • Classical style (page 50) • Padishanamah (page 65) • Musical notation (page 49) • Book of Hours (pages 65-67) • The Vatican Vergil (page 50) • Uncials (page 50) PEOPLE AND PLACES: • Half-uncials (page 50) • Classical Greece and Rome • Celtic book design (pages 52-54) (pages 50-51) • Book of Kells (pages 52-55) • Medieval Europe (pages 51-57) • Carpet pages (page 53) • Saint Patrick (page 53) • Carolingian or Caroline miniscules • Celts (page 53-54) (pages 55-56) • King Charlemagne (pages 55-57) • Apocalypse (pages 57-59) • The Limbourg brothers (pages • Spanish pictorial expressionism 65-67) (page 57-59) • Jean duc de Berry (page 65) • Textura (pages 60-61)

...... Chapter 4 Study Questions The vibrant luminosity of gold leaf, as it reflected During the early Christian era, nearly all books were light from the pages of handwritten books, gives the created in the ______, or writing room, sensation1. of being literally illuminated; thus, this dazzling headed4. by the scrittori, a well-educated scholar who effect gave birth to the term ______. understood Greek and Latin and functioned as both an editor and art director. Scribes spent their days in isolation, A. illustrated books C. illuminated manuscripts bent over a writing table penning page after page in a trained lettering style. B. classical literature D. the dark ages A. celestial illuminarium C. monastic scriptorium Illuminated manuscripts date back to the the age of antiquity. In addition to religious books, monastic B. medieval dungeon D. castle workshop scribes2. preserved manuscripts of classical Greek and Roman literature, and also transcribed their sacred songs. Lettering styles evolved to become faster and easier ______is one of the greatest contributions of to write. The earliest was the ______, so named medieval graphic design. because5. it was written between two guidelines that were one uncia apart (named for the Roman inch—but the A. the Gregorian chant C. the ballad style was actually invented by the Greeks). This style had rounded, freely drawn letters more suited to rapid writing. B. musical notation (sheet music) D. the sea shanty A. miniscule C. uncial TheVatican Vergil, the earliest surviving illustrated manuscript, is an example of the ______. B. half uncial D. majuscule Created3. in late 300-400 CE, its illustrations combine roman rustic capitals (capitalis rustica) with echoes of the rich Ireland was a remote island relatively isolated colors and illusionist space of the wall frescoes of Pompeii, from European invasions. By the 5th century, the so similar to late Roman painting. ______6. converted to Christianity and book design flourished in a craft tradition of abstract geometric patterns A. classical style C. Carolingian style and illustrations that melded pagan culture with religion.

B. Celtic style D. Gothic style A. Celtics C. Lakers B. Warriors D. Clippers ______, as seen in the Lindisfarne Gospels Over the centuries, Islamic manuscript decoration and the Book of Kells, were so named because their became increasingly elaborate, with intricate full7. pages of densely packed designs had the intricate geometric13. and arabesque designs filling the pages of the patterning associated with oriental carpets. Qur’an. ______were NOT used because Islam held religious opposition to images of living creatures. A. Romanesque rugs C. Carolingian carpets A. Rosettes and plant forms C. Ornate vowel marks B. Carpet pages D. Persian rugs B. Rhythmic organic designs D. Figurative Between the 3rd and 6th centuries, Celtic scribes illustrations began to letter ______, using four guidelines8. with vertical strokes that extended above and The Mughals (also Moguls — Muslims from below the two main lines called ascenders and descenders. Mongol, Turkey and Persia) brought Persian artists14. to India to teach the art of Islamic illumination. A. miniscules C. uncials Richly illustrated manuscripts such as the Padishanamah, which tells the story of emperor Shah Jahan, combined text B. half uncials D. majuscules and traditional Persian paintings that included ______. A. birds, animals and human figures A radical design innovation in Celtic manuscripts was using ______to separate strings of letters into B. native architecture and decorative patterns words9. allowing readers to recognize them more quickly. C. schematic stylizations of plants A. punctuation C. ornaments D. all of A, B, and C B. interlaces and lacertines D. word spaces Thetextura lettering style seen in Gothic manuscripts was composed of vertical strokes Charlemagne, King of the Franks, united central capped15. with pointed serifs and almost eliminated rounded Europe during the late eighth and early ninth strokes. Why was this dense lettering so condensed? centuries,10. fostering a revival of learning and the arts. He standardized book design and mandated a redesign of the A. To save time and space. alphabet with the use of four guidelines, ascenders, and descenders (Celtic innovations). ______became the B. To distinguish the lettering from the art. forerunner of our contemporary lowercase alphabet. C. It could be read in French and German. A. Carolingian miniscules C. Celtic uncials D. It looks good on tattoos. B. Roman rustic capitals D. Celtic half-uncials In the early 1400s, the______, a private 16.devotional text that contained religious texts, Many of the Moorish-influenced manuscripts prayers, and calendar days of the important saints, became from Spain, such as the Four Horsemen of the Europe’s most popular book. Apocalypse11. from the Beatus of Fernando and Sancha, are texts on ______. A. Commentary of Beatus C. Book of Hours

A. prayers and sacred songs C. the Book of Revelation B. Apocalypse D. Four Gospels

B. the Qur’an D. classical literature In the early fifteenth century, a French nobleman 17.hired the Limbourg brothers to establish his own The medieval era that followed the fall of the private scriptorium at his castle in central France. Their Roman Empire also gave rise to illuminated masterpiece, ______(Book of Hours), was Jewish,12. Islamic and Persian manuscripts. Which of the a pictorial book which included an illustrated calendar following is NOT included during this period? depicting the seasonal activities of each month crowned with graphic astronomical charts. A. the Mainz Haggadah C. the Qur’an A. the Vatican Virgil B. the Diamond Sutra D. the Padishanamah B. Les très riches heures du Duc de Berry C. the Book of Kells D. the Lindisfarne Gospels