Conservation Status of Vascular Plant Species from the QMM / Rio Tinto Mining Area at Mandena, Tolagnaro (Fort Dauphin) Region,Southeast Madagascar

MADAGASCAR CONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 3 | ISSUE 1 — DECEMBER 2008 PAGE 55 Conservation status of vascular plant species from the QMM / Rio Tinto mining area at Mandena, Tolagnaro (Fort Dauphin) region,southeast Madagascar Porter P. Lowry III, Faly RandriatafikaII and Correspondence: Johny RabenantoandroIII Porter P. Lowry II Africa and Madagascar Department, Missouri Botanical Garden P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 - 0299, USA E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT taxons qui n’étaient connus que des seules parcelles à exploiter A botanical inventory of the Mandena littoral forest, completed (Priorité 1) et 13 taxons dont la distribution était limitée à la in 1991 as part of an environmental impact assessment study for zone d’exploration (Priorité 2). Une nouvelle évaluation en 2001 a titanium oxide mining project being developed by QMM / Rio ajouta 11 taxons de Mandena (premier site qui fera l’objet de Tinto in the Tolagnaro (Fort Dauphin) region of southeastern l’exploitation minière et qui sera suivi par Petriky puis Sainte Madagascar, identified 29 plant taxa as priorities for conserva- Luce) et retira 13 autres taxons, ramenant ainsi la liste à 27 taxons tion, including 16 known only from the proposed mining path dont cinq taxons de Priorité 1 et 22 de Priorité 2. En considérant (Priority 1) and 13 restricted to the exploration zone (Priority 2). les données actuellement disponibles, nous avons retiré quatre A re - evaluation in 2001 added 11 taxa from Mandena (the first autres taxons de la liste (trois taxons pour lesquels des popula- of three sites targeted for mining, to be followed later by Petriky tions ont été localisées au - delà de la région de Tolagnaro et un and then Sainte Luce) and removed 13 others, leaving a total of dernier taxon car son inclusion initiale sur la liste n’était pas 27 taxa, five classified as Priority 1 and 22 as Priority 2. Using justifiée) et en avons déclassé quatre autres taxons en les pas- currently available data, we have removed four additional taxa sant de Priorité 1 à Priorité 2 avec des populations identifiées from the list (three because populations were found outside dans une ou plusieurs zone(s) de conservation nouvellement the Tolagnaro area and one because it’s earlier inclusion on the mise(s) en place à Sainte Luce (747 ha), Mandena (230 ha) et list had been in error) and transferred four others from Priority Petriky (125 ha). Sur les 15 taxons prioritaires actuellement 1 to Priority 2 as populations had been located within one or reconnus et qui sont rencontrés à Mandena, seulement deux more of the newly - established conservation zones at Sainte (une espèce non décrite dans chacun des genres Canthium Luce (747 ha), Mandena (230 ha) and Petriky (125 ha). Of the 15 et Pseudocatha) semblent y être endémiques mais tous sont currently recognized priority taxa present at Mandena, only two concernés par les activités environnementales, de conservation (an undescribed species in each of the genera Canthium and et de restauration de QMM. Quinze taxons de Mandena figurent Pseudocatha) appear to be endemic there, but all remain a focus sur la Liste Rouge des espèces menacées 2008 de l’UICN (3 ‘en of QMM’s environment, conservation and restoration activities. danger critique d’extinction’, 7 ‘en danger’ et 5 ‘vulnérable’) A total of 15 Mandena taxa are listed as threatened on the 2008 dont la plupart doivent être considérés comme importants pour IUCN Red List (3 Critically Endangered, 7 Endangered, and 5 la conservation ; seuls trois de ces taxons apparaissent égale- Vulnerable), most of which must be regarded as important for ment sur la liste prioritaire alors qu’aucun des 12 autres taxons conservation; only three of these taxa also appear on the priority prioritaires de Mandena n’a été évalué pour la Liste Rouge, list, and none of the 12 remaining priority taxa from Mandena soulignant ainsi le besoin urgent d’étendre l’évaluation pour have been assessed for the Red List, underscoring the urgent inclure l’ensemble de la flore malgache et plus particulièrement need to expand evaluation to encompass the entire Malagasy les taxons avec des distributions réduites. flora and in particular range - restricted taxa. KEYWORDS: IUCN Red List, littoral forest, plants, priority species, RÉSUMÉ QMM / Rio Tinto. Un inventaire botanique de la forêt littorale de Mandena, clô- turé en 1991 dans le cadre d’une étude d’impact environne- INTRODUCTION mental portant sur un projet d’extraction minière d’oxyde de The Mandena forest, located ca. 10 km NNE of Tolagnaro (Fort titane élaboré par QMM / Rio Tinto dans la région de Tolagnaro Dauphin) in southeastern Madagascar (for example Figure 1), (Fort-Dauphin) au sud - est de Madagascar, a identifié 29 taxons has been the subject of botanical inventory work since the de plantes prioritaires en matière de conservation, dont 16 1950s, when a forestry station was established and agents I & Département Systématique et Evolution, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Case Postale 39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France II Flora Biodiversity & Ecological Restoration, QIT Madagascar Minerals (QMM), Fort Dauphin, Madagascar, E-mail: [email protected] III Flora Biodiversity & Ecological Restoration, QIT Madagascar Minerals (QMM), Fort Dauphin, Madagascar, E-mail: [email protected] �� Madagascar Conservation & Development is the journal of Madagascar Wildlife Conservation (MWC) �� and the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI Switzerland). It is �� produced in these institutions’ own responsibility. �� All the Issues and articles are freely available at �� http://www.mwc-info.net/en/services/journal.htm �� Contact Journal MCD �� [email protected] for general inquiries MCD [email protected] for supporting the journal Journal Madagascar Conservation & Development Institute and Museum of Anthropology University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland [email protected] for general inquiries Postfach 2701 CH-8021 Zürich, Switzerland Logement 11, Cité Andohaniato Antananarivo 101, Madagascar [email protected] for general inquiries JGI Switzerland Postfach 2807 8033 Zürich, Switzerland MADAGASCAR CONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 3 | ISSUE 1 — DECEMBER 2008 PAGE 56 FIGURE 1. Map of the Sainte Luce, Mandena and Petriky areas in southeast Madagascar, indicating the location of major littoral forest parcels (light green), including those that comprise the newly - established conservation zones at the three sites (dashed red and yellow lines). began collecting specimens as part of an effort to document Starting in 1986, QIT Madagascar Minerals (QMM) began an the island’s woody plants in a new herbarium that had recently extensive exploration program along the eastern coast of been established in Antananarivo by forest botanist René Madagascar to locate deposits of heavy mineral sands con- Capuron. Over the following three decades, approximately 500 taining titanium dioxide. Major mineral sediments were found plant collections were made at Mandena, several of which at Mandena, Sainte Luce, and Petriky (for example Figure 1, represented species new to science, and Capuron himself 2) underneath southeastern Madagascar’s largest remaining visited the site on at least four occasions. stands of littoral forest, a distinctive type of humid evergreen MADAGASCAR CONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT VOLUME 3 | ISSUE 1 — DECEMBER 2008 PAGE 57 forest restricted to unconsolidated sand within a few kilom- • Taxa on the initial 1991 list were re - examined with eters of the Indian Ocean (Vincelette et al. 2003 and 2007a, regard to their presence within each of the three Consiglio et al. 2006, Rabenantoandro et al. 2007). As the min- planned mining zones (Sainte Luce, Mandena and ing project was developed, a series of studies commissioned Petriky) rather than collectively for the three sites as by QMM clearly demonstrated the importance of the region’s in the initial study. biodiversity and identified many issues with ramifications for • Taxa were evaluated with respect to the IUCN Red List environmental conservation (Ganzhorn et al. 2007). In late 2003, criteria (IUCN 2001) in an effort to ensure that consid- Rio Tinto, which had previously acquired QMM, provided further eration was given to all taxa that were potentially support to addressing biodiversity issues in the Tolagnaro region threatened or otherwise of conservation concern. with the promulgation of its Biodiversity Strategy and Guidelines • Taxa that had been added to the overall floristic list in (Rio Tinto 2004), officially launched in November 2004 during the the decade between 1991 and 2001 were examined IUCN World Conservation Congress in Bangkok, Thailand. using the same criteria as those applied by Lowry As part of QMM’s initial environmental impact assessment (1991) and were included on the revised list of priority conducted in the late 1980s and early 1990s, a preliminary plant taxa as appropriate. study was undertaken to document the flora of the littoral • New collections made between 1991 and 2001 of taxa forests of the Tolagnaro region and to identify plant species on the original priority list were recorded and the list (and infraspecific

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