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North Sea Prehistory Research and Management Framework (NSPRMF) 2019 Nederlandse Archeologische Rapporten 063 North Sea Prehistory Research and Management Framework (NSPRMF) 2019 Retuning the research and management agenda for prehistoric landscapes and archaeology in the Dutch sector of the continental shelf J.H.M. Peeters, L.W.S.W. Amkreutz, K.M. Cohen and M.P. Hijma | Tot 150 pagina's omvang lijnt de titel op 20 mm lijn | Boven 150 pagina's omvang lijnt de titel op 30 mm North Sea Prehistory Research and Management Framework (NSPRMF) 2019 Retuning the research and management agenda for prehistoric landscapes and archaeology in the Dutch sector of the continental shelf J.H.M. Peeters, L.W.S.W. Amkreutz, K.M. Cohen and M.P. Hijma Colofon Nederlandse Archeologische Rapporten nr. 63 North Sea Prehistory Research and Management Framework (NSPRMF) 2019 Retuning the research and management agenda for prehistoric landscapes and archaeology in the Dutch sector of the continental shelf Authors: J.H.M. Peeters, L.W.S.W. Amkreutz, K.M. Cohen and M.P. Hijma Cover image: Sampling the subsurface of the North Sea: coring campaign from research vessel Pelagia (photo courtesy of Freek Busschers (TNO)) Copy editor: S. Needs-Howarth Reviewers: J.W.M. Roebroeks (Leiden University), D.E.A. Schiltmans (Archeologie Roterdam), E. Rensink (Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands), B.P. Speleers (Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands), B.I. Smit (Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands) Authorisation manuscript: D.E.A. Schiltmans (Archeologie Roterdam), B.I. Smit (Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands) Layout and production: Xerox OBT, The Hague ISBN/EAN: 978-90-5799-315-2 © Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands, Amersfoort, 2019 Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands P.O. Box 1600 3800 BP Amersfoort www.cultureelerfgoed.nl 3 Contents — Inhoud Preface 5 4 The development of management tools 35 4.1 Introduction 35 Summary 7 4.2 Priority: collaboration with industry and private collectors 35 Samenvating 9 4.3 Priority: data sharing 41 4.4 Priority: the spatial defnition of research 1 Introduction 11 potential and threats 42 4.5 Priority: mitigation, conservation, and designation 48 2 NSPRMF 2009: themes, topics, and priorities 13 4.6 Public outreach 49 2.1 Introduction 13 4.7 Conclusions 53 2.2 Summary of the four sections 13 2.3 NSPRMF 2009: context 14 5 Towards a new agenda: opportunities, 2.4 NSPRMF 2009: resource assessment 14 dilemmas, and choices 55 2.5 NSPRMF 2009: research agenda, strategies, 5.1 Introduction 55 and priorities 17 5.2 From potential to new good data points 55 2.6 NSPRMF 2009: management agenda, strategies, 5.3 Strategies and techniques 56 and priorities 18 5.4 Collaboration in research 59 5.5 Management and industry 60 3 Research and knowledge gain 19 5.6 Public outreach 61 3.1 Introduction 19 5.7 Recommendations 62 3.2 Priority: an improved understanding of palaeogeography and chronology 19 Bibliography 65 3.3 Priority: the collection of good data points 26 3.4 Priority: the development of prospection techniques 31 Appendices 75 3.5 Conclusions 34 5 Preface — An important and sometimes overlooked To this end, the Cultural Heritage Agency of element of the maritime cultural heritage of the the Netherlands commissioned one of the southern North Sea are the submerged original authors to update the framework. With prehistoric landscapes and prehistoric remains the results and experiences of the past ten years which are embedded in the present seabed. now integrated, the framework has been Parts of this cultural heritage may be afected by revitalized. In general, the topics and challenges numerous activities which will occur in the mentioned in the initial report remain relevant coming years in the southern North Sea. and important. This report looks back at the Activities such as sand and gravel extraction, the achievements of the past decade and concludes construction of windfarms, a search for oil and that while good work has been done, there is gas felds and the maintenance of shipping still much more to be done to ensure sufcient routes will all have an impact on this heritage. care of this submerged heritage. It is clear that A new national maritime programme several projects have been successful, but also (Programma Maritiem Erfgoed Nederland), initiated by that in the present and future more atention the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and must be given to this aspect of heritage Science and implemented by the Cultural Heritage management. Furthermore, it is obvious that Agency of the Netherlands aims to safeguard and regulations, practices and work-fows, which are investigate this valuable maritime cultural embedded in practices and experiences in heritage. The submerged prehistoric heritage heritage management onshore, are not easily is one of the elements in this programme. copied or applicable ofshore. Although ten In this respect, the goal is to create a network of years have passed, this report provides actors comprised of governmental and non- suggestions on how to move forward in this governmental organizations, the aggregate respect. industry, research institutions, maritime heritage The Cultural Heritage Agency of the companies, other maritime stakeholders and the Netherlands is not able to resolve all of the general public to access, develop and preserve the issues and address all of the recommendations unique value of this maritime cultural heritage. mentioned in this report. However, there some Fortunately, we do not have to start from recommendations which the Cultural Heritage scratch, as about ten years ago a research and Agency of the Netherlands has identifed as the management framework was devised. This place to start: North Sea Prehistory Research and Management • Stimulating palaeoenvironmental analyses as Framework (NSPRMF) was published in 2009 an integral part of palaeolandscape mapping and aimed to provide an agenda for the research and enlarging our dataset as input for and heritage management of submerged contextual models; archaeological sites and relict landscapes in the • Supporting the registration and Dutch-Belgian and British parts of the southern contextualizing of ex situ (stray) fnds; North Sea. Now, a decade later, new input can be • Facilitating reuse and reprocessing of existing added to this framework, based on renewed and new (geophysical) data; atention being paid to this part of our cultural • Facilitating methodological experimentation heritage. • Maintaining a national portal with up-to- date maps and information, and delivering this information to international portals 6 — The focus on the above-mentioned Sea assume their responsibilities with respect to recommendations is a start but cannot be the submerged cultural heritage. realized overnight. Heritage management is a It is essential to recognize that the way task for society as a whole and collaborations heritage management is realized in each project remain the key. Therefore, collaborations will be unique. However, these project-specifc between heritage management agencies, solutions should be inspired and directed by governmental and non-governmental general guidelines. The North Sea Prehistory organizations, the aggregate industry, Research and Management Framework 2019 windfarm developers, the scientifc community, provides a sound basis for these guidelines. archaeological companies, museums, private parties and others are imperative. Within the new national maritime programme, the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Bjørn Smit & Barbara Speleers Netherlands will take responsibility for bringing the management of our maritime cultural Project leader & Programme manager heritage to the next level. At the same time, this Programma Maritien Erfgoed Nederland framework is also intended to ensure other parties involved in developments in the North Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands 7 Summary — The North Sea Prehistory Research and Management Various studies have provided insight into Framework (NSPRMF) 2009 set out to provide an sea-level fuctuation and changing agenda for the research and heritage palaeogeography, factors that are of direct management of submerged archaeological sites archaeological relevance for our understanding and relict landscapes in the Dutch-Belgian and of prehistoric human–environment British parts of the southern North Sea. The interrelationships and socio-cultural processes. framework frst and foremost focussed on: As yet, the collection of good data points (1) maximisation of archaeological information appears to lag behind. Signifcant results have arising from ofshore developments (spatial, been obtained with respect to underwater economic); (2) stimulation of the study of investigation of sites (Roterdam-Yangtzehaven), archaeologically relevant materials and deposits the geological contextualisation of fnds with to broaden the knowledge base for limited context information (Middeldiep, archaeological and management purposes; Roterdam-Maasvlakte 2), as well as systematic (3) stimulation of public understanding and inventorying and scientifc analysis (AMS 14C awareness of the past, and fostering of a shared dating, stable isotope analysis) of stray or sense of responsibility among developers, chance fnds. The number of new good data decision makers, and scientists; (4) development points collected over the past decade is, of a frm basis for heritage management however, limited. judgement, consultancy, and decision-making, To increase the number of good observations notably an internationally recognised and (data points),
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