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Universidad Complutense De Madrid
UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física TESIS DOCTORAL Las poblaciones del Holoceno inicial en la región cantábrica: cambios ambientales y microevolución humana MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Labib Drak Hernández Directora María Dolores Garralda Benajes Madrid, 2016 © Labib Drak Hernández, 2016 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ZOOLOGÍA Y ANTROPOLOGÍA FÍSICA TESIS DOCTORAL LAS POBLACIONES DEL HOLOCENO INICIAL EN LA REGIÓN CANTÁBRICA: CAMBIOS AMBIENTALES Y MICROEVOLUCIÓN HUMANA MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR LABIB DRAK HERNÁNDEZ BAJO LA DIRECCIÓN DE LA DOCTORA: MARÍA DOLORES GARRALDA BENAJES MADRID, 2015 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ZOOLOGÍA Y ANTROPOLOGÍA FÍSICA TESIS DOCTORAL LAS POBLACIONES DEL HOLOCENO INICIAL EN LA REGIÓN CANTÁBRICA: CAMBIOS AMBIENTALES Y MICROEVOLUCIÓN HUMANA MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR LABIB DRAK HERNÁNDEZ BAJO LA DIRECCIÓN DE LA DOCTORA: MARÍA DOLORES GARRALDA BENAJES MADRID, 2015 MARÍA DOLORES GARRALDA BENAJES, PROFESORA TITULAR DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE ZOOLOGÍA Y ANTROPOLOGÍA FÍSICA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID, CERTIFICA: Que la presente memoria titulada “Las poblaciones del Holoceno inicial en la región cantábrica: cambios ambientales y microevolución humana” presentada por D. Labib Drak Hernández para optar al Título de Doctor en Biología, ha sido realizada en el Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física de la Facultad de CC. Biológicas de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid bajo mi dirección. Y considerando que representa trabajo de Tesis, autorizo su presentación a la Junta de Facultad. -
THÈSE La Bipédie Humaine : Épistémologie, Paléo-Anthropologie
THÈSE présentée pour l’obtention du grade de : DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE PARIS OUEST NANTERRE LA DÉFENSE spécialité : Philosophie de la biologie : épistémologie de la paléoanthropologie Anthropologie philosophique préparée à : l’Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense La bipédie humaine : épistémologie, paléo-anthropologie, métaphysique présentée par : Mathilde LEQUIN Soutenue le 2 juin 2015 devant le jury composé de : Pr. Frédéric Worms Ecole Normale Supérieure, France Rapporteur Pr. Raymond Corbey Université de Leiden, Pays-bas Rapporteur Pr. Jean Gayon Université Paris 1, France Examinateur Pr. Denis Forest Université Paris Ouest Nanterre, France Examinateur Pr. Thierry Hoquet Université Lyon 3 Jean Moulin, France Directeur de thèse Dr. François Marchal Université d’Aix-Marseille, France Co-encadrant Remerciements Mes remerciements vont d’abord à mon directeur de thèse, Thierry Hoquet, dont les conseils toujours avisés et malicieux ont été décisifs dans l’avancement de ce travail, ainsi qu’à François Marchal, qui a co-encadré cette thèse, pour sa disponibilité et son aide précieuse, grâce à laquelle j’ai pu apprendre à déchiffrer le langage des paléoanthropologues. Je tiens également à exprimer ma reconnaissance aux personnes qui m’ont accompagnée dans la genèse de ce projet, en par- ticulier Jean Gayon, Francis Wolff et Frédéric Worms. Je pense aussi aux paléoanthropologues qui m’ont accordé de leur temps pour échanger sur la bipédie : Gilles Berillon, Guillaume Daver, Laurent Puymerail, Bernard Wood. Mes pensées vont également aux enseignants-chercheurs de Nanterre, en particulier Denis Forest et Jean-Michel Salanskis. Enfin, je remercie mes proches pour leur soutien et leur compréhension tout au long de ces années de recherche : mes parents, pour l’affection et la confiance dont ils m’ont toujours témoigné, et Roland, pour sa patience sans borne et ses encouragements constants, auxquels cette thèse est infiniment redevable. -
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This is an Open Access publication. Visit our website for more OA publication, to read any of our books for free online, or to buy them in print or PDF. www.sidestone.com Check out some of our latest publications: ANALECTA PRAEHISTORICA LEIDENSIA 45 98163_APL_45_Voorwerk.indd I 16/07/15 13:00 98163_APL_45_Voorwerk.indd II 16/07/15 13:00 ANALECTA PRAEHISTORICA LEIDENSIA PUBLICATION OF THE FACULTY OF ARCHAEOLOGY LEIDEN UNIVERSITY EXCERPTA ARCHAEOLOGICA LEIDENSIA EDITED BY CORRIE BAKELS AND HANS KAMERMANS LEIDEN UNIVERSITY 2015 98163_APL_45_Voorwerk.indd III 16/07/15 13:00 Series editors: Corrie Bakels / Hans Kamermans Editor of illustrations: Joanne Porck Copyright 2015 by the Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden ISSN 0169-7447 ISBN 978-90-822251-2-9 Subscriptions to the series Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia can be ordered at: P.J.R. Modderman Stichting Faculty of Archaeology P.O. Box 9514 NL-2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands 98163_APL_45_Voorwerk.indd IV 16/07/15 13:00 Contents The stable isotopes 13C and 15N in faunal bone of the Middle Pleistocene site Schöningen (Germany): statistical modeling 1 Juliette Funck Thijs van Kolfschoten Hans van der Plicht ‘Trapping the past’? Hunting for remote capture techniques and planned coastal exploitation during MIS 5 at Blombos Cave and Klasies River, South Africa 15 Gerrit L. Dusseldorp Geeske H.J. Langejans A Late Neolithic Single Grave Culture burial from Twello (central Netherlands): environmental setting, burial ritual and contextualisation 29 Lucas Meurkens Roy van Beek Marieke Doorenbosch Harry -
New Fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the Pan-African Origin of Homo Sapiens Jean-Jacques Hublin1,2, Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer3, Shara E
LETTER doi:10.1038/nature22336 New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens Jean-Jacques Hublin1,2, Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer3, Shara E. Bailey4, Sarah E. Freidline1, Simon Neubauer1, Matthew M. Skinner5, Inga Bergmann1, Adeline Le Cabec1, Stefano Benazzi6, Katerina Harvati7 & Philipp Gunz1 Fossil evidence points to an African origin of Homo sapiens from a group called either H. heidelbergensis or H. rhodesiensis. However, a the exact place and time of emergence of H. sapiens remain obscure because the fossil record is scarce and the chronological age of many key specimens remains uncertain. In particular, it is unclear whether the present day ‘modern’ morphology rapidly emerged approximately 200 thousand years ago (ka) among earlier representatives of H. sapiens1 or evolved gradually over the last 400 thousand years2. Here we report newly discovered human fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and interpret the affinities of the hominins from this site with other archaic and recent human groups. We identified a mosaic of features including facial, mandibular and dental morphology that aligns the Jebel Irhoud material with early or recent anatomically modern humans and more primitive neurocranial and endocranial morphology. In combination with an age of 315 ± 34 thousand years (as determined by thermoluminescence dating)3, this evidence makes Jebel Irhoud the oldest and richest African Middle Stone Age hominin site that documents early stages of the H. sapiens clade in which key features of modern morphology were established. Furthermore, it shows that the evolutionary processes behind the emergence of H. sapiens involved the whole African continent. In 1960, mining operations in the Jebel Irhoud massif 55 km south- east of Safi, Morocco exposed a Palaeolithic site in the Pleistocene filling of a karstic network. -
ACADEMY COLLOQUIUM Fire in Human Evolution, Human History, and Human Society
ACADEMY COLLOQUIUM Fire in Human Evolution, Human History, and Human Society 15 – 17 December 2009 Amsterdam, The Netherlands Program Tuesday, 15 December 2009 08.30-09.00 Registration and Coffee 09.00-09.15 Opening of the Colloquium by Robbert Dijkgraaf, President KNAW 09.15-09.20 General introduction to the theme and conference arrangements by Joop Goudsblom Section 1. The Original Domestication of Fire Morning session. Chair: Peter Westbroek 09.30-10.15 Richard Wrangham Biological evidence for when fire was first controlled 10.15-11.00 Frances Burton The scenario and the speculation: firelight and its effect on human evolution 11.00-11.15 Coffee 11.15-12.00 Wil Roebroeks (and Paola Villa) Quest for fire: on the archaeological evidence for controlled use of fire 12.00-13.00 Discussion 13.00-14.00 Lunch Afternoon session. Chair: Henry Hooghiemstra 14.00-14.45 Frank Niele Energy, engine of evolution, and the pivotal role of fire 14.45-15.30 Richard Cosgrove The fire record from Australia - the last 50,000 years 15.30-15.45 Tea 15.45-16.30 Corrie Bakels Early western European farmers and fire 16.30-17.30 Discussion 17.30-18.30 Reception Wednesday, 16 December 2009 Section 2. The role of fire in the history of the agrarian and the industrial world Morning session. Chair: Godfried van Benthem van den Bergh 09.30-10.15 Steve Pyne Surely fire is what I am: fire in human history 10.15-11.00 David Christian Fire or language? What really made us what we are? 11.00-11.15 Coffee 11.15-12.00 Floris Cohen and Christoph Lüthy Destruction and Construction: The Role of Fire in Some Pivotal Episodes in the History of Western Science and Technology 12.00-13.00 Discussion 13.00-14.00 Lunch Afternoon session. -
Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia
World Heritage papers41 HEADWORLD HERITAGES 4 Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia VOLUME I In support of UNESCO’s 70th Anniversary Celebrations United Nations [ Cultural Organization Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia Nuria Sanz, Editor General Coordinator of HEADS Programme on Human Evolution HEADS 4 VOLUME I Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, Miguel Hidalgo, 11550 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico. © UNESCO 2015 ISBN 978-92-3-100107-9 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover Photos: Top: Hohle Fels excavation. © Harry Vetter bottom (from left to right): Petroglyphs from Sikachi-Alyan rock art site. -
Demography Was the Main Factor Responsible for the Disappearance of Neanderthals Krist Vaesen 1,2*, Gerrit L
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN An emerging consensus in palaeoanthropology: demography was the main factor responsible for the disappearance of Neanderthals Krist Vaesen 1,2*, Gerrit L. Dusseldorp 1,3 & Mark J. Brandt 4 The causes of Neanderthal disappearance about 40,000 years ago remain highly contested. Over a dozen serious hypotheses are currently endorsed to explain this enigmatic event. Given the relatively large number of contending explanations and the relatively large number of participants in the debate, it is unclear how strongly each contender is supported by the research community. What does the community actually believe about the demise of Neanderthals? To address this question, we conducted a survey among practicing palaeo-anthropologists (total number of respondents = 216). It appears that received wisdom is that demography was the principal cause of the demise of Neanderthals. In contrast, there is no received wisdom about the role that environmental factors and competition with modern humans played in the extinction process; the research community is deeply divided about these issues. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that palaeo-anthropologists’ stand in the debate co-varies with their socio-political views and attitudes. We found no evidence for such a correlation. A long-standing debate in palaeo-anthropology is the demise of Neanderthals approximately 40,000 years ago1. Indeed, given their close resemblance to modern humans, and their prolonged success in surviving in Eurasia (about 400,000 years, see 2, Neanderthals would seem to have all it takes to persist. Still, their phenotype disap- peared, even though they lef a genetic legacy in the modern human genome. -
Comparative Morphology of the Hominin and African Ape Hyoid
Wayne State University Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints WSU Press 9-10-2013 Comparative morphology of the hominin and African ape hyoid bone, a possible marker of the evolution of speech James Steele University College London, [email protected] Margaret Clegg Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, London, [email protected] Sandra Martelli University College London Recommended Citation Steele, James; Clegg, Margaret; and Martelli, Sandra, "Comparative morphology of the hominin and African ape hyoid bone, a possible marker of the evolution of speech" (2013). Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints. Paper 30. http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol_preprints/30 This Open Access Preprint is brought to you for free and open access by the WSU Press at DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. Comparative morphology of the hominin and African ape hyoid bone, a possible marker of the evolution of speech James Steele1*, Margaret Clegg2 and Sandra Martelli1 1 AHRC Centre for the Evolution of Cultural Diversity, Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY. 2 Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD. Email: [email protected] * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Keywords: Hyoid, vocal tract, air sac, Dikika, Neanderthal, language origins Suggested running title: “Hominin and African Ape Hyoid” Pre-print version. Visit http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/ to acquire final version. 1 Abstract This study examines the morphology of the hyoid in three closely related species, Homo sapiens, Pan troglodytes and Gorilla gorilla. -
Dietary and Behavioral Strategies Of
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2011 Dietary and Behavioral Strategies of Neandertals and Anatomically Modern Humans: Evidence from Anterior Dental Microwear Texture Analysis Kristin Lynn Krueger University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Krueger, Kristin Lynn, "Dietary and Behavioral Strategies of Neandertals and Anatomically Modern Humans: Evidence from Anterior Dental Microwear Texture Analysis" (2011). Theses and Dissertations. 92. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/92 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 1 DIETARY AND BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES OF NEANDERTALS AND ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS: EVIDENCE FROM ANTERIOR DENTAL MICROWEAR TEXTURE ANALYSIS DIETARY AND BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES OF NEANDERTALS AND ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS: EVIDENCE FROM ANTERIOR DENTAL MICROWEAR TEXTURE ANALYSIS A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology By Kristin L. Krueger University of Wisconsin-Madison Bachelor of Science in Anthropology, 2003 University of Wisconsin-Madison Bachelor of Science in Spanish, 2003 Western Michigan University Master of Arts in Anthropology, 2006 May 2011 University of Arkansas ABSTRACT The extreme gross wear of Neandertal anterior teeth has been a topic of debate for decades. Several ideas have been proposed, including the excessive mastication of grit- laden foods and non-dietary anterior tooth use, or using the anterior dentition as a clamp or tool. -
Neandertal Dental Microwear Texture Analysis: a Bioarchaeological Approach Jessica L. Droke
Neandertal Dental Microwear Texture Analysis: A Bioarchaeological Approach Jessica L. Droke B. A., University of Tennessee: Knoxville, 2013 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Anthropology at the University of Indianapolis June 2017 Dr. Christopher W. Schmidt, Advisor To my parents, Ann and Thomas Shearon Who have loved me unconditionally and supported all my academic endeavors And To my partner, Kristen A. Broehl Who has been an endless source of encouragement, a world-class editor, and my biggest fan Acknowledgments I would like to thank Dr. Christopher W. Schmidt for all of his guidance and support throughout this process and for allowing me to pursue such an ambitious and interesting project. Dr. Schmidt has been instrumental in helping to develop this approach and in bringing together the people and materials which made this study possible. I would like to thank Dr. Gregory A. Reinhardt for his advice and thoughtful edits throughout the writing process. I would also like to extend a special thanks Dr. Frank L’Engle Williams and Dr. John C. Willman for providing the Neandertal dental casts used in this study, their willingness to work cooperatively, and for their suggestions along the way. I would like to thank the graduate students in the Anthropology program at the University of Indianapolis, especially Rose L. Perash and Arysa Gonzalez- Romero, for their investment in this project since its inception and above all for their excellent friendship. I thank my family, particularly my parents Ann and Thomas Shearon, my sister Sarah Droke, and my grandmother Joanne Van Cleave for their support and encouragement during the pursuit of my academic goals. -
'Golden Years' of Neanderthal Research Reopen the Question of Human Uniqueness
HPLS (2020) 42:33 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-020-00327-w ORIGINAL PAPER Neanderthals as familiar strangers and the human spark: How the ‘golden years’ of Neanderthal research reopen the question of human uniqueness Susan Peeters1,2 · Hub Zwart2 Received: 11 October 2019 / Accepted: 9 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020 Abstract During the past decades, our image of Homo neanderthalensis has changed dramatically. Initially, Neanderthals were seen as primitive brutes. Increas- ingly, however, Neanderthals are regarded as basically human. New discoveries and technologies have led to an avalanche of data, and as a result of that it becomes increasingly difcult to pinpoint what the diference between modern humans and Neanderthals really is. And yet, the persistent quest for a minimal diference which separates them from us is still noticeable in Neanderthal research. Neanderthal dis- course is a vantage point from which the logic of ‘us’ versus ‘other’ is critically reconsidered. Studying contemporary academic literature and science autobiogra- phies from an oblique perspective, focusing not on Neanderthals as objects, but on the dynamics of interaction between Neanderthal researchers and their fnds, basic convictions at work in this type of research are retrieved. What is at issue is not the actual distinction between modern humans and Neanderthals (which is continuously being redefned), but rather the dualistic construction of human and nonhuman. Neanderthal understanding is afected by the desire to safeguard human unique- ness. The overall trend is to identify the human mark or spark, which defnes us as favoured ‘winners’. The paradoxes emerging in contemporary Neanderthal discourse are symptomatic of the fact that a dualistic style of thinking is no longer tenable. -
Hunters of the Golden Age
HUNTERS OF THE GOLDEN AGE THE MID UPPER PALAEOLITHIC OF EURASIA 30.000 - 20,000 BP EDITED BY WIL ROEBROEKS. MARGHERITA MUSSI. JIRI SVOBODA & KELLY FENNEMA UNIVERSITY OF LEIDEN 2000 Wil Roebroeks Periodisations and double standards in the study Raymond Corbey of the Palaeolithic Periodisations a/'the Palaeolithic, while in fail mere have noted, archaeologists' preference to think in threes working h\potheses. lend to he taken Ion se/ ion\l\ h\ main (ages ol stone, bron/e and iron: ( iordon (Inkle's three researchers. Using various archacolttgical ease studies we revolutions: Neolithic, urban, and industrial, etc.) has led to show how tlifjerentiiillv phenomena are treated depending a type of reasoning in which the period in the Middle is upon their position in relation to the 'Art hait-Modern' compared favourably with the Lower and unfavourably with boundary. The hat k ground to these scientifically unhealthy the I 'ppcr. with Upper Palaeolithic humans often treated as />;</< lu i's is anahsctl. and it is concluded that the essentialist the ultimate goal of all preceding evolutionary processes. thinking at the root of this double standard constitutes a Periodisations are also 'fossilised expectations', and major prohlem for a discipline whit h tries to i hart and expectation is a powerful guide to action and interpretation, e\phnn cultural developments in terms <>/ e\olutionar\ trends ('onkey (19S5) has given a clear example of how such rather than in l\pological modes. expectations steer our activities to what she calls "spatio- temporal collapse" approaches. This term indicates the 1. Introduction lumping of sociocultural phenomena which are distributed The terms Lower.