DOCSLIB.ORG

The U.S. Navy in the World (1970-1980): Context for U.S. Navy Capstone Strategies and Concepts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The U.S. Navy in the World (1970-1980): Context for U.S. Navy Capstone Strategies and Concepts The U.S. Navy in the World (1970-1980): Context for U.S. Navy Capstone Strategies and Concepts Peter M. Swartz with Karin Duggan MISC D0026418.A1/Final December 2011 CNA is a not-for-profit organization whose professional staff of over 700 provides in-depth analysis and results-oriented solutions to help government leaders choose the best courses of action. Founded in 1942, CNA operates the Institute for Public Research and the Center for Naval Analyses, the federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. CNA Strategic Studies (CSS), created in 2000, conducts high-quality research on and analysis of issues of strategic, regional, and policy importance. CSS’ analyses are based on objective, rigorous examination and do not simply echo conventional wisdom. CSS provides analytic support to U.S. Government organizations and the governments of partner countries. CSS also maintains notable foundation- sponsored and self-initiated research programs. CSS includes a Strategic Initiatives Group, an International Affairs Group, and a Center for Stability and Development. The Strategic Initiatives Group (SIG) looks at issues of U.S. national security, and military strategy, policy and operations, with a particular focus on maritime and naval aspects. SIG employs experts in historical analyses, futures planning, and long-term trend analysis based on scenario planning, to help key decision makers plan for the future. SIG specialties also include issues related to regional and global proliferation, deterrence theory, threat mitigation, and strategic planning for combating threats from weapons of mass destruction. The Strategic Studies Division is led by Vice President and Director Dr. Eric V. Thompson, who is available at 703-824-2243 and on e-mail at [email protected]. The executive assistant to the Vice President and Director is Ms. Rebecca Martin, at 703-824-2604. The principal author of this study thanks especially Karin Duggan for graphic assistance; Loretta Ebner for administrative assistance; Gregory Kaminski, Laurie Ann Lakatosh, and Rhea Stone for library assistance; and Dana Smith and Anwar Fry for production assistance. A full listing of substantive contributors can be found in Peter M. Swartz and Karin Duggan, U.S. Navy Capstone Strategies and Concepts: Introduction and Background: Volume I, (D0026421.A1, December 2011). A full listing of all volumes in the CNA Navy Strategy series can be found on the inside back cover of this document. Approved for distribution: December 2011 Dr. W. Eugene Cobble, Jr. Director, Strategic Initiatives Group This document represents the best opinion of the author at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the Department of the Navy. Approved for public release. Distribution unlimited. Copies of this document can be obtained through the Defense Technical Information Center at www.dtic.mil or contact CNA Document Control and Distribution Section at 703-824-2123. Copyright © 2012 CNA This work was created in the performance of Federal Government Contract Number N00014-11-D-0323. Any copyright in this work is subject to the Government's Unlimited Rights license as defined in DFARS 252.227-7013 and/or DFARS 252.227-7014. The reproduction of this work for commercial purposes is strictly prohibited. Nongovernmental users may copy and distribute this document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this copyright notice is reproduced in all copies. Nongovernmental users may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies they make or distribute. Nongovernmental users may not accept compensation of any manner in exchange for copies. All other rights reserved. Contents Global trends . 2 The world . 6 The nation . 15 US national security policies . .19 US combatant & component commands . 28 US national security & defense directives . 29 USN dollars, numbers, capabilities, goals . 31 USN deployments, operations & exercises . 33 State of the Navy . 34 Navy strategy leadership . 47 Naval policy & strategy literature . 48 Public USN intelligence documents . .53 1 US Navy basing . 53 US military sealift . 56 US-flag merchant marine . 60 US shipbuilding industrial base . .63 US military department & service comparisons . 66 US Navy-US Marine Corps relations . .67 US Navy-US Coast Guard relations . 76 US Navy-US Air Force relations . 78 US Navy-US Army relations . 89 US Navy-foreign navy relations . 93 End of the 1970s: State of the Navy . 99 2 1 US Navy capstone documents of the 1970s 1970 Project SIXTY 1974 Missions of the U.S. Navy 1975 Strategic Concept for the U.S. Navy 1977 NWP 1: Strategic Concepts of the U.S. Navy 1978 NWP 1: Strategic Concepts of the U.S. Navy (Rev. A) 1978 Sea Plan 2000 1979 CNO Strategic Concepts & The Future of U.S. Sea Power 3 1970s: The world, the nation & the Navy World Events Year Administration SECNAV CNO Capstone Document Soviet Okean 70 1970 Nixon Laird Chafee Zumwalt Project SIXTY NPT treaty Seabed Treaty 1971 India-Pakistan War Pres. Nixon to China 1972 INCSEA/ABM Treaty US Vietnam Pullout 1973 Richardson Warner USN-Soviet Navy Med Missions of the U.S. Navy Confrontation 1974 Schlesinger India nuclear test Ford Middendorf Holloway South Vietnam 1975 Strategic Concept falls Rumsfeld for the U.S. Navy (S) USSR-Egypt 1976 Treaty cancelled NWP 1 Panama Canal Treaty 1977 Carter Brown Claytor NWP 1 Strategic Concepts (Rev. A) Deng leads China Sea Plan 2000 (S) 1978 Camp David Accords Shah of Iran falls 1979 Hayward CNO Strategic Concepts Taiwan Relations Act & Future of U.S. Sea Soviets Invade Power Afghanistan 1980 Hidalgo Desert One debacle Mariel (Cuba) boatlift 4 2 Comparing national economic power (1970-1980) 5 Growth of world maritime trade (1970-1980) 6 3 Comparing national defense spending (1970-1980) 7 1970s: Global Trends in Armed Conflict* 8 4 1970s: Global trends in armed conflict Chart based on a rating scale developed at Center for Systemic Peace, Center for Global Policy, George Mason University Societal warfare the predominant mode of warfare since the mid-1950s Increased during the 1970s Low level of interstate warfare since World War II Moderate increase began in late 1970s Steep rise in number, lethality of terrorism incidents throughout the decade 9 1970s: Natural disasters reported 10 5 1970s: The world (I) Growing international system UN membership: 1970: 127 1980: 154 Interstate security competition dominated global affairs Bi-polar international system: US & USSR Two large alliance & economic systems: “1st & 2nd worlds” Superpower political, military & economic enmity & rivalry throughout the world, including the global commons (sea, air, space) & especially in “3rd world” Leonid Brezhnev led USSR (since 1964) Cold War continuing; detente in early-mid 70s Increasingly violent world; # of autocratic gov’ts grew Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) (1970) But 1st Indian test of nuclear weapons (1974), 1st S. African test (1979), Pakistani nuclear weapons development 11 1970s: The world (II) US increasingly connected economically w/ rest of world (ROW) “Group of Six” (G-6) formed as key global economic leadership forum (1975) US, UK, FRG, France, Italy, Japan Became “Group of Seven (G-7) (1976) Canada Low Soviet economic integration w/ ROW Negligible trade with US 12 6 1970s: The world (III) Significant growth in world seaborne trade volume 50% of world’s ships built in Far East; Western Europe share fell from 40% to 25%; US share in single digits World shipbuilding soared till 1973 oil shock, then plummeted Oil prices soared throughout the decade (from 1973) Oil price spikes: 1973-4 & 1979-80 Insignificant # of reported piracy incidents No central data collection point NGO at-sea anti-nuclear testing, anti-whaling ops (from 1971) Don’t Make a Wave Committee, later Greenpeace, Sea Shepherd 13 1970s: The world (IV) Suez Canal closed by Egypt (1967-1975) Many coastal states claimed vast territorial seas US tanker Manhattan NW Passage cruise sparked Canadian Arctic sovereignty concerns (1969) UN Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) negotiations (1973-1981) IMO international Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) (1974) Number of reported climatic & other natural disasters in the world triples World food crisis (1972-74) Shortages, price hikes led to famines, unrest 14 7 1970s: The world (V) USN the world’s dominant seapower; but increasing global Soviet Navy capabilities Dramatic Soviet Navy expansion & modernization under ADM Gorshkov (CinC since 1956) Coherent Soviet peacetime naval diplomacy & wartime sea denial/ strategic nuclear force strategies developed Small, fast, automated, titanium alloy deep-water Alfa-class SSNs (since 1969) Improved TU-22 Backfire w/ AS-4 ASUW missiles (from 1969) New Delta-class SSBNs w/ long-range SLBMs (from 1972) Kiev-class carriers (1975) 1st quiet SOVNAV SSN (Victor III) (1979) Anti-USN RORSAT & EORSAT space surveillance (from 1974) Increased Soviet Navy access to overseas facilities, e.g.: Guinea (1970), Cam Ranh Bay (1979) But lost access to Egypt (1976), Somalia (1977) 15 1970s: The world (VI) NATO strategy of “flexible response” (since 1968) France outside NATO military command structure (since 1966) US military no longer stationed in France France deployed her own SSBNs (from 1971) Most NATO allies denied US bases & airspace to resupply Israel during Yom Kippur War (1973) Greek-Turk
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Can the United Kingdom Rebuild Its Naval Fleet? Challenges and Opportunities for the UK Shipbuilding Industrial Base, 2005–2020
    Can the United Kingdom Rebuild Its Naval Fleet? Challenges and Opportunities for the UK Shipbuilding Industrial Base, 2005–2020 RAND RESEARCH AREAS ver the next 15 years, the United CHILD POLICY Kingdom is planning to replace CIVIL JUSTICE Abstract EDUCATION and scale up its naval fl eet. During ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT this period, up to six new ship pro- The United Kingdom faces numerous chal- HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE Ogrammes—the Type 45 destroyer, the Future Air- lenges in producing warships from now INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS through 2020, including developing a suffi - NATIONAL SECURITY craft Carrier (CVF), the Astute-class attack subma- POPULATION AND AGING rine, the Joint Casualty Treatment Ship (JCTS), the ciently sized and skilled workforce, updating PUBLIC SAFETY Military Afl oat Reach and Sustainability (MARS) facilities, and maintaining viable producers. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY To address these challenges, the UK Ministry SUBSTANCE ABUSE ship, and the Future Surface Combatant (FSC)— TERRORISM AND will, at times, be in various stages of design and of Defence (MOD) needs to consider shifting HOMELAND SECURITY production timings to more evenly distribute TRANSPORTATION AND construction. Some of these will be the largest of INFRASTRUCTURE their type built by UK industry in quite some time. future demand, seeking better cooperation Not all these programmes will be in production between the shipyards to share work, coordi- concurrently; but even so, the United Kingdom will nating the MOD shipbuilding project teams’ experience a much busier naval shipbuilding period plans and strategies, exploring alternatives in 2007–2011 than it has in recent years. to competitive procurement, and considering Only a handful of UK shipbuilders can poten- the use of nontraditional suppliers.
    [Show full text]
  • Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J
    STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES 11 Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference by Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Center for Strategic Research Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University Institute for National Strategic Studies National Defense University The Institute for National Strategic Studies (INSS) is National Defense University’s (NDU’s) dedicated research arm. INSS includes the Center for Strategic Research, Center for Complex Operations, Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, Center for Transatlantic Security Studies, and Conflict Records Research Center. The military and civilian analysts and staff who comprise INSS and its subcomponents execute their mission by conducting research and analysis, publishing, and participating in conferences, policy support, and outreach. The mission of INSS is to conduct strategic studies for the Secretary of Defense, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Unified Combatant Commands in support of the academic programs at NDU and to perform outreach to other U.S. Government agencies and the broader national security community. Cover: Kathleen Bailey presents evidence of forgeries to the press corps. Credit: The Washington Times Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference Deception, Disinformation, and Strategic Communications: How One Interagency Group Made a Major Difference By Fletcher Schoen and Christopher J. Lamb Institute for National Strategic Studies Strategic Perspectives, No. 11 Series Editor: Nicholas Rostow National Defense University Press Washington, D.C. June 2012 Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Defense Department or any other agency of the Federal Government.
    [Show full text]
  • OOB of the Russian Fleet (Kommersant, 2008)
    The Entire Russian Fleet - Kommersant Moscow 21/03/08 09:18 $1 = 23.6781 RUR Moscow 28º F / -2º C €1 = 36.8739 RUR St.Petersburg 25º F / -4º C Search the Archives: >> Today is Mar. 21, 2008 11:14 AM (GMT +0300) Moscow Forum | Archive | Photo | Advertising | Subscribe | Search | PDA | RUS Politics Mar. 20, 2008 E-mail | Home The Entire Russian Fleet February 23rd is traditionally celebrated as the Soviet Army Day (now called the Homeland Defender’s Day), and few people remember that it is also the Day of Russia’s Navy. To compensate for this apparent injustice, Kommersant Vlast analytical weekly has compiled The Entire Russian Fleet directory. It is especially topical since even Russia’s Commander-in-Chief compared himself to a slave on the galleys a week ago. The directory lists all 238 battle ships and submarines of Russia’s Naval Fleet, with their board numbers, year of entering service, name and rank of their commanders. It also contains the data telling to which unit a ship or a submarine belongs. For first-class ships, there are schemes and tactic-technical characteristics. So detailed data on all Russian Navy vessels, from missile cruisers to base type trawlers, is for the first time compiled in one directory, making it unique in the range and amount of information it covers. The Entire Russian Fleet carries on the series of publications devoted to Russia’s armed forces. Vlast has already published similar directories about the Russian Army (#17-18 in 2002, #18 in 2003, and #7 in 2005) and Russia’s military bases (#19 in 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • Archived Content Information Archivée Dans Le
    Archived Content Information identified as archived on the Web is for reference, research or record-keeping purposes. It has not been altered or updated after the date of archiving. Web pages that are archived on the Web are not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards. As per the Communications Policy of the Government of Canada, you can request alternate formats on the "Contact Us" page. Information archivée dans le Web Information archivée dans le Web à des fins de consultation, de recherche ou de tenue de documents. Cette dernière n’a aucunement été modifiée ni mise à jour depuis sa date de mise en archive. Les pages archivées dans le Web ne sont pas assujetties aux normes qui s’appliquent aux sites Web du gouvernement du Canada. Conformément à la Politique de communication du gouvernement du Canada, vous pouvez demander de recevoir cette information dans tout autre format de rechange à la page « Contactez-nous ». CANADIAN FORCES COLLEGE / COLLÈGE DES FORCES CANADIENNES CSC 28 / CCEM 28 MASTER OF DEFENCE STUDIES (MDS) THESIS THE CORVETTE - A SHIP FOR THE 21ST CENTURY CANADIAN NAVY LA CORVETTE - UN NAVIRE POUR LA MARINE CANADIENNE DU 21E SIÈCLE By/par LCdr/capc Pierre Bédard This paper was written by a student attending La présente étude a été rédigée par un stagiaire the Canadian Forces College in fulfilment of one du Collège des Forces canadiennes pour of the requirements of the Course of Studies. satisfaire à l'une des exigences du cours. The paper is a scholastic document, and thus L'étude est un document qui se rapporte au contains facts and opinions, which the author cours et contient donc des faits et des opinions alone considered appropriate and correct for que seul l'auteur considère appropriés et the subject.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ambiguous Partnership: Great Britain and the Free French Navy, 1940-19421
    An Ambiguous Partnership: Great Britain and the Free French Navy, 1940-19421 Hugues Canuel On se souvient aujourd’hui des forces de la France libre en raison de faits d’armes tels que leur courageuse résistance à Bir Hakeim en 1942 et la participation du général Leclerc à la libération de Paris en 1944. Par contre, la contribution antérieure de la marine de la France libre est moins bien connue : elle a donné à de Gaulle, dont l’espoir était alors bien mince, les moyens de mobiliser des appuis politiques au sein de l’empire colonial français et d’apporter une contribution militaire précoce à la cause des Alliés. Cette capacité s’est développée à la suite de l’appui modeste mais tout de même essentiel du Royaume-Uni, un allié qui se méfiait de fournir les ressources absolument nécessaires à une flotte qu’il ne contrôlait pas complètement mais dont les actions pourraient aider la Grande- Bretagne qui se trouvait alors presque seule contre les puissances de l’Axe. Friday 27 November 1942 marked the nadir of French sea power in the twentieth century. Forewarned that German troops arrayed around the Mediterranean base of Toulon were intent on seizing the fleet at dawn, Admiral Jean de Laborde – Commander of the Force de Haute Mer, the High Seas Force – and the local Maritime Prefect, Vice Admiral André Marquis, ordered the immediate scuttling of all ships and submarines at their berths. Some 248,800 tons of capital ships, escorts, auxiliaries and submarines was scuttled as the Wehrmacht closed in on the dockyard.2 The French “Vichy navy” virtually ceased to exist that day.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 China Military Power Report
    OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2019 Office of the Secretary of Defense Preparation of this report cost the Department of Defense a total of approximately $181,000 in Fiscal Years 2018-2019. This includes $12,000 in expenses and $169,000 in DoD labor. Generated on 2019May02 RefID: E-1F4B924 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2019 A Report to Congress Pursuant to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, as Amended Section 1260, “Annual Report on Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China,” of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019, Public Law 115-232, which amends the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, Section 1202, Public Law 106-65, provides that the Secretary of Defense shall submit a report “in both classified and unclassified form, on military and security developments involving the People’s Republic of China. The report shall address the current and probable future course of military-technological development of the People’s Liberation Army and the tenets and probable development of Chinese security strategy and military strategy, and of the military organizations and operational concepts supporting such development over the next 20 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Buy the Book
    new york university press New York and London www.nyupress.org Editing, design, and composition © 2007 by New York University All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sherwood, John Darrell, 1966– Black sailor, white Navy : racial unrest in the fleet during the Vietnam War era / John Darrell Sherwood. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8147-4036-1 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8147-4036-7 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Vietnam War, 1961–1975—African Americans. 2. United States. Navy—African Americans—History—20th century. 3. United States. Navy—History—Vietnam War, 1961–1975. 4. African American sailors—Social conditions—20th century. 5. African American sailors—Civil rights—History—20th century. 6. Protest movements—United States—History—20th century. 7. Racism— United States—History—20th century. 8. Race discrimination— United States—History—20th century. 9. Zumwalt, Elmo R., 1920–—Relations with African American sailors. 10. United States—Race relations—History—20th century. I. Title. DS559.8.B55S53 2007 940.54'5108996073—dc22 2006102458 New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability. Manufactured in the United States of America 10987654321 Prologue Storm Warning Great Lakes Correctional Center, 8–9 February 1970 At 5:30 p.m. on Sunday, 8 February 1970, a group of black and white inmates glared at each other in Post 3 of the Navy’s brig at the Great Lakes Naval Training Center, a large boot camp located forty miles north of Chicago. A dispute had erupted earlier in the day over the pro- gram to be watched on television: white inmates wanted to watch a movie, and blacks, a basketball game.
    [Show full text]
  • DEPARTMENT of STATE AIRGRAM A-30 Department of State INFO: ADDIS ABABA PASS: CGUSASA, CINCSTRIKE, DOD from Amconsul Asmara DATE
    DEPARTMENT OF STATE AIRGRAM A-30 Department of Stat e INFO : ADDIS ABABA PASS: CGUSASA, CINCSTRIKE, DOD FROM AmConsul Asmara DATE : April 10, 196 9 SUBJECT: The Eritrean Liberation Front and Kagnew Statio n REF A-174 of October 9, 1968 The reference airgram contained our assessment, as of six months ago, o f the potential ELF threat to Kagnew Station . At that time we conclude d that the ELF lacked both intent and capability to damage the U .S . presenc e in Eritrea, but that the beginnings of a more militant policy plus a large r degree of anti-American influence in the Front could be discerned . INCREASED TEMPO OF ELF ACTIVITY In view of recent events, we think it timely to take a further look a t the possibility for hostile action against Kagnew. After a midwinter lull , the ELF has in March and A pril shown a hi gh degree of activism an d effectiveness against Ethiopian security forces . March saw the destructio n of three oil tankers and two buses on the vital Asmara-Massawa highway , and the spectacular sabotage-bombing of an Ethiopian Air Lines commercia l jet in Frankfurt, Germany ; while in the first week of April, the ELF ha s staged a sophisticated attack on the main electiic power and water suppl y systems of the city of Asmara (ourtel 197) . Taken together, these recen t incidents show a shift in ELF tacti cs an d also a more sophisticated capability, previously lacking, to conduct skilled sabotage operations with modern explosive devices and weapons .
    [Show full text]
  • Iceland's Contested European Policy
    An evolving EU engaging a changing Mediterranean region Jean Monnet Occasional Paper 01/2013 Iceland’s contested European Policy: The Footprint of the Past - A Small and Insular Society by Baldur Thorhallsson Copyright © 2013, Baldur Thorhallsson, University of Malta ISSN 2307-3950 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without any prior written permission from the Institute for European Studies, University of Malta. Publisher: Institute for European Studies, Msida, Malta. The Institute for European Studies The Institute for European Studies is a multi-disciplinary teaching and research Institute at the University of Malta, offering courses in European Studies which fully conform to the Bologna guidelines, including an evening diploma, a bachelor’s degree, a masters and a Ph.D. The Institute also operates a number of Erasmus agreements for staff and student exchanges. Founded in 1992 as the European Documentation and Research Centre (EDRC), the Institute was granted the status of a Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence in 2004. The Institute is engaged in various research and publication activities in European Integration Studies and is a member of the Trans-European Policy Studies Association (TEPSA), the LISBOAN network, EPERN, EADI, and the two Euro-Mediterranean networks, EuroMeSCo and FEMISE. The Institute is also a member of the Council for European Studies (hosted at Columbia University). The research interests of its staff include comparative politics and history of the European Union (EU); EU institutions; EU external relations and enlargement; small states in the EU; Malta in the EU; Euro-Mediterranean relations; Stability and Growth Pact; economic governance of the euro area; Europe 2020; EU development policies, climate change, international economics, economic causes and consequences of globalisation and EU trade and cohesion policy.
    [Show full text]
  • À Dissertation Subnitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillnent of the Requirernents for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy
    Geographical fnpact on CoastaL-Defence Navies: The Entwining of Force Structure, Technology and Operational Environ¡oent By Michael S. Lindberg À Dissertation Subnitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfillnent of the Requirernents for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Departnent of ceography University of Manitoba l{innipeg, Manitoba National LrbrarY Bibl¡othèque nationale l*I du Canada Acquisitions and Direct¡on des acquis¡tions et Bibl¡ograph¡c Services Branch des services bibliographiques 395 wellington Street 395, rue Weflington Ottawa, Ontario Onawa (Ontario) KlA ON4 K1A ON4 The author has granted an L'auteur a accordé une licence irrevocable non-exclusive licence irrévocable et non exclusive allowing the National Library of permettant à la Bibliothèque Canada to reproduce, loan, nationale du Canada de distribute or sell copies of reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou his/her thesis by any means and vendre des copies de sa thèse in any form or format, making de quelque manière et sous this thesis available to interested quelque forme que ce soit pour persons. mettre des exemplaires de cette thèse à la disposition des personnes intéressées. The author retains ownership of L'auteur conserve la propriété du the copyright in his/her thesis. droit d'auteur qui protège sa Neither the thesis nor substantial thèse. Ni la thèse ni des extraits extracts from it may be printed or substantiels de celle-ci ne otherwise reproduced without doivent être imprimés ou his/her permission. autrement reproduits sans son autorisation. ISBN 0-612- 13301-X C,anadä Nome Michael Scott I'indÏ'cr¡' D;,"l ose select the one subiect which most neorly describes the contenl of your dissertotion.
    [Show full text]
  • FROM CRADLE to GRAVE? the Place of the Aircraft
    FROM CRADLE TO GRAVE? The Place of the Aircraft Carrier in Australia's post-war Defence Force Subthesis submitted for the degree of MASTER OF DEFENCE STUDIES at the University College The University of New South Wales Australian Defence Force Academy 1996 by ALLAN DU TOIT ACADEMY LIBRARy UNSW AT ADFA 437104 HMAS Melbourne, 1973. Trackers are parked to port and Skyhawks to starboard Declaration by Candidate I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of a university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment is made in the text of the thesis. Allan du Toit Canberra, October 1996 Ill Abstract This subthesis sets out to study the place of the aircraft carrier in Australia's post-war defence force. Few changes in naval warfare have been as all embracing as the role played by the aircraft carrier, which is, without doubt, the most impressive, and at the same time the most controversial, manifestation of sea power. From 1948 until 1983 the aircraft carrier formed a significant component of the Australian Defence Force and the place of an aircraft carrier in defence strategy and the force structure seemed relatively secure. Although cost, especially in comparison to, and in competition with, other major defence projects, was probably the major issue in the demise of the aircraft carrier and an organic fixed-wing naval air capability in the Australian Defence Force, cost alone can obscure the ftindamental reordering of Australia's defence posture and strategic thinking, which significantly contributed to the decision not to replace HMAS Melbourne.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of International Fisheries Management Regimes
    Cefas contract report C7372 A review of international fisheries management regimes Authors: Stuart A. Reeves, James B. Bell, Giulia Cambiè, Sarah L. Davie, Paul Dolder, Kieran Hyder, Hugo Pontalier, Zachary Radford & Duncan Vaughan Issue date: 02/08/2018 Cefas Document Control Title: A Review of International Fisheries Management Submitted to: Georgina Karlsson/Charlotte Wicker Date submitted: 02/08/18 Project Manager: Stuart A. Reeves Report compiled by: SAR Quality control by: Defra various & Kieran Hyder Approved by & Kieran Hyder, 8/1/2018 date: Version: 3.5a Version Control History Author Date Comment Version SAR et al. 20/06/17 Compiled from individual 2 chapters SAR et al. 19/07/17 Working version for comment 2.1 SAR et al. 1/09/17 Complete draft for comment 2.2 SAR et al. 21/11/17 Revised to take account of 3.1 comments SAR et al. 12/12/2017 Further revisions in response to 3.2 comments SAR et al. 12/12/2017 Revised structure inc. MRF 3.3 chapter SAR et al. 24/1/2018 Further corrections & enhanced 3.4 exec summary. SAR et al. 26/2/2018 Minor corrections 3.4a SAR et al. 27/7/18 Pre-publication corrections & 3.5 formatting SAR et al. 02/08/18 Fixing minor typos & formatting 3.5a A review of international fisheries management regimes Page i A review of international fisheries management regimes Page ii An international review of fisheries management regimes Authors: Stuart A. Reeves, James B. Bell, Giulia Cambiè, Sarah L. Davie, Paul Dolder, Kieran Hyder, Hugo Pontalier, Zachary Radford and Duncan Vaughan1 Issue date: 02/08/2018 Head office Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK Tel +44 (0) 1502 56 2244 Fax +44 (0) 1502 51 3865 www.cefas.defra.gov.uk Cefas is an executive agency of Defra 1 Contact Address: c/o Natural England, Suite D, Unex House, Bourges Boulevard, Peterborough, PE1 1NG.
    [Show full text]