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New Phytologist Supporting Information Article Title: Multiple Innovations Underpinned Branching Form Diversification in Mosses New Phytologist Supporting Information Article title: Multiple innovations underpinned branching form diversification in mosses Authors: Yoan Coudert, Neil E. Bell, Claude Edelin and C. Jill Harrison Article acceptance date: 27 February 2017 The following Supporting Information is available for this article: Fig. S1: Diagrams illustrate the diversity in modularity, branch distribution patterns, module repetition and perichaetia/sporophyte position. Fig. S2: Most likely tree showing relationships between 175 species of Bryopsida. Fig. S3: Bayesian majority consensus tree showing relationships between 175 species of Bryopsida. Fig. S4: Simplified phylogenetic tree showing directionality in character state transitions Fig. S5: Distribution of species between morphotypes. Table S1: List of species studied including authorship, order, GenBank numbers and vouchers of analysed herbarium specimens. Most specimens were available at the Cryptogamic Herbarium of the Natural History Museum London, others were obtained from the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (see separate file). Table S2: Bayesian reconstruction of ancestral states for characters II, III, IV and V at selected nodes. Average scores (Av.) represent mean percentage probabilities of ancestral character states from three independent analyses. Nodes X, Y, Z have intermediate positions between nodes 1 and 2, and reconstructions show that the shift in module repetition occurred between node Y (the Bryidae, unresolved in the Bayesian consensus) and node 2. Node Z represents the most likely resolution of node Y (with the Bryales sister to the clade represented by node 2; see Fig. S2), and under this hypothesis the shift can more specifically be said to have occurred between node Z and node 2 (see separate file). Table S3: Architectural diversity illustrated in Figure S1 (see separate file). Notes S1: Bayesian alignment of nucleotide sequences used to compute Bayesian phylogenetic trees (see separate file). 1 I’ I’ I’ I’ II I I I I I I I I’ I I I’ I’ I’ (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) I’ I’ I’ I’ I’ I’ I’ x x x x I’ II I’ II II II II I’ I’ I’ x x x x I II II I I’ I I’ I I I’ I I I’ I I (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) (q) (r) I II II’ II’ x II I’ I’ III II I’ II II II I I’ I I I I (s) (t) (u) (v) (w) (x) II I’ I II III III II I’ II II III I’ III I IV I I I’ I’ III I (y) (z) (aa) (ab) (ac) II III II I’ IV-V III II II I III I I I’ III I’ I I’ (ad) (ae) (af) (ag) II II’ II II’ II I’ II III IV IV I I I I III III (ah) (ai) (aj) (ak) 2 Fig. S1: Diagrams illustrate the diversity in modularity, branch distribution patterns, module repetition and perichaetia/sporophyte position. Coloured numbers indicate module classes, apostrophes indicate repeated modules, open circles represent perichaetia/sporophytes and crosses indicate a point of growth arrest. Species were allotted to an overall architecture as listed in Table S3. Notes: (o-r) In these plants, reproductive structures develop at the extremity of primary modules, and primary modules repeat terminally (marked by a "x"). Terminal repetition of primary modules may displace reproductive structures to the side of vegetative modules, which makes them look lateral (as represented on the diagrams) although they are truly terminal. This phenomenon has been well described in Hedwigia ciliata (De Luna, 1990). (o, q) In these plants, several primary modules may repeat at the extremity of a terminated module. This is represented at the top of the diagrams. (t) Little hash beneath the cross indicates accidental termination of growth. This phenomenon may induce module repetition as shown on the diagram Reference: De Luna E. 1990. Developmental evidence of acrocarpy in Hedwigia ciliata (Musci: Hedwigiaceae). Tropical Bryology 2: 51- 58. 3 Meteoriopsis reclinata Trachypus bicolor Lescuraea radicosa Ctenidium molluscum Myurium hochstetteri 97 Kindbergia praelonga Homalothecium sericeum Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus Hylocomium splendens Symphyodon imbricatifolius Pleurozium schreberi 98 Weymouthia mollis Camptochaete arbuscula Thamnobryum alopecurum Orthostichella pentasticha Scorpidium scorpioides Plagiothecium denticulatum Calliergon cordifolium Pterobryon densum Anomodon viticulosus 97 Amblystegium serpens Campylium stellatum Fontinalis antipyretica Dendrocryphaea cuspidata Dendroalsia abietina Leucodon sciuroides Hildebrandtiella endotrichelloides Abietinella abietina Thuidium delicatulum Ptilium crista castrensis Pylaisia polyantha Lindbergia brachyptera Climacium americanum Thelia lescurii Hypnum cupressiforme Lepyrodon tomentosus 81 Rutenbergia madagassa Trachyloma planifolium 100 Cyclodictyon albicans 79 Cyclodictyon blumeanum 62 Callicostella pallida 100 Lepidopilum polytrichoides 88 Lepidopilidium portoricense 81 Pilotrichidium antillarum 97 83 Hypnella diversifolia Brymela tutezona 100 Thamniopsis pendula 87 Thamniopsis sinuata 94 Hypnella pallescens 96 Pilotrichum bipinnatum 52 100 Rhynchostegiopsis tunguraguana Tetrastichium fontanum 62 Hookeria lucens Crossomitrium patrisiae Schimperobryum splendidissimum 100 Distichophyllum pulchellum 64 Daltonia splachnoides 96 75 Adelothecium bogotense Distichophyllum microcarpum 81 100 Calyptrochaeta cristata Calyptrochaeta remotifolia 100 Sauloma tenella 99 Ancistrodes genuflexa 100 Canalohypopterygium tamariscinum 75 Catharomnion ciliatum 99 Dendrocyathophorum decolyi Arbusculohypopterygium arbusculum 61 96 100 Hypopterygium tamarisci 95 Cyathophorella hookeriana 80 Hypopterygium didictyon 96 Dendrohypopterygium filiculiforme Lopidium concinnum Cyathophorum bulbosum 71 51 Dichelodontium nitidum 100 Ptychomnion cygnisetum 100 Garovaglia subelegans Glyphothecium sciuroides 72 Hampeella alaris 100 Dendro hypnum fuscomucronatum 51 Dendro hypnum auricomum 96 Dendro hypnum reinwardtii 90 Dendro hypnum milnei 71 Mniodendron dendroides 100 Mniodendron comosum Mniodendron comatum 100 Hypnodendron spininervium 99 Hypnodendron vitiense 95 Hypnodendron arcuatum 100 100 Spiridens vieillardii Spiridens reinwardtii 100 100 Bescherellia elegantissima 60 Bescherellia cryphaeoides 100 Cyrtopus setosus Touwiodendron diversifolium 94 Pterobryella rigida 100 Pterobryella praenitens 69 Pterobryella speciosissima 74 Braithwaitea sulcata 51 Racopilum cuspidigerum 100 Racopilum spectabile Powellia involutifolia 50 Hymenodontopsis bifaria 84 Hymenodontopsis mnioides 63 Hymenodontopsis stresemannii Hymenodontopsis vallis gratiae 100 Mesochaete undulata 92 Mesochaete taxiforme Aulacomnium androgynum 100 Calomnion brownseyi 93 Calomnion complanatum Cryptopodium bartramioides 87 84 100 Pyrrhobryum spiniforme Pyrrhobryum medium 82 Pyrrhobryum dozyanum 100 Rhizogonium graeffeanum 83 Rhizogonium distichum Goniobryum subbasilare 100 Hymenodon pilifer 58 72 Hymenodon sphaerothecius Leptotheca boliviana 77 Leptotheca gaudichaudii 100 Orthodontopsis bardunovii Orthodontium lineare 98 Macromitrium levatum 100 Groutiella tomentosa 100 Macrocoma tenuis 100 Orthotrichum lyellii Ulota crispa 84 Anomobryum julaceum 70 Acidodontium sprucei 99 86 Bryum argenteum 100 Bryum alpinum 100 Plagiobryum zierii 63 Brachymenium nepalense 69 Rhodobryum giganteum Leptostomum inclinans Pulchrinodus inflatus 89 Plagiomnium undulatum 81 58 Plagiomnium cuspidatum 66 Mnium hornum 95 Cyrtomnium hymenophyllum Leucolepis acanthoneura 97 Cinclidium stygium 100 100 Pohlia nutans Mielichhoferia elongata Phyllodrepanium falcifolium 100 Rhacocarpus purpurascens 100 Hedwigia ciliata 57 Bartramia halleriana 96 Bartramia stricta Philonotis fontana 92 Amblyodon dealbatus 100 Tetraplodon mnioides Neomeesia paludella 88 Ceratodon purpureus 91 Cheilothela chloropus Trichodon cylindricus 55 Syntrichia ruralis 100 Dicranella heteromalla 75 Oncophorus wahlenbergii 90 100 Dicranum scoparium 86 Wardia hygrometrica Hypodontium dregei Amphidium lapponicum 100 Ochrobryum gardneri 52 Brothera leana 80 Eustichia longirostris 100 Grimmia plagiopodia 99 100 Schistidium apocarpum 87 Racomitrium lanuginosum 78 Blindia acuta Bryoxiphium norvegicum Catoscopium nigritum 100 Funaria hygrometrica Physcomitrella patens 0.0 0.01 Fig. S2: Most likely tree showing relationships between 175 species of Bryopsida. Phylogenetic analysis was done with rps4, rbcL and nad5 sequences using a heterogenous GTR + G model of nucleotide substitution. Numbers on branches are likelihood bootstrap values > 50%. Branches in bold are supported by bootstrap values > 70%. Physcomitrella patens and Funaria hygrometrica sequences were used to root the tree. Scale bar represents number of nucleotide substitutions per site. 4 81 Abietinella abietina 61 Thuidium delicatulum 83 Ptilium crista castrensis Pylaisia polyantha Lindbergia brachyptera 100 Camptochaete arbuscula 58 Weymouthia mollis 73 Thamnobryum alopecurum Orthostichella pentasticha 100 Homalothecium sericeum 56 Kindbergia praelonga 95 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus Hylocomium splendens 66 Meteoriopsis reclinata 82 Trachypus bicolor Lescuraea radicosa 100 Amblystegium serpens 80 Campylium stellatum 52 Calliergon cordifolium Pterobryon densum 79 Ctenidium molluscum Myurium hochstetteri Anomodon viticulosus Climacium americanum Dendroalsia abietina Dendrocryphaea cuspidata 76 Fontinalis antipyretica Hildebrandtiella endotrichelloides Hypnum cupressiforme Leucodon sciuroides Plagiothecium denticulatum 93 Pleurozium schreberi Scorpidium scorpioides Symphyodon imbricatifolius Thelia lescurii Lepyrodon tomentosus 100 Rutenbergia madagassa Trachyloma planifolium 100 Cyclodictyon albicans 97 Cyclodictyon blumeanum 78 Callicostella pallida 100 Lepidopilidium
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