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A New Approach to Love in Couple's Relationships Based on The

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A New Approach to Love in Couple's Relationships Based on The Journal of Family 437 Research Archive Vol.15(4):437-466; of SID 2020 )*+, &' ( /$% !"# / 6*8 76$$ : 2345 ﻋﺸﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻮغ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﻲ ﻧﻘﺪي ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ي ﻋﺸﻖ اﺳﺘﺮﻧﺒﺮگ و اراﺋﻪ روﻳﻜﺮدي ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺸﻖ در رواﺑﻂ زوﺟﻴﻦ Love as Caring Maturity: A New Approach to Love in Couple’s Relationships based on the Critique of Sternberg's Theory 10.29252/jfr.15.04.01 دﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻬﺮﻧﻮش ﻫﺪاﻳﺘﻲ .M .Hedayati, Ph.D ﮔﺮوه روا نﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﭘﮋوﻫ ﺸ ﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ و Department of Psychology, Institute of Humanities and ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ:9/ 10/ 97 درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه: 10/8/ 98 ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ : 11/15/ 98 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه Abstract ﻋﺸﻖ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﺸﺮ و از ﻣﻬ ﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﮕﻴﺰ هﻫﺎ ي Love" is one of the vital needs of" ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ و ﺗﺪاوم ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﺳﺖ؛ اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ زﻋﻢ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن در humanity and one of the most important motivations for the family formation and ﻛﻨﺎر ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ، ﻓﻬﻢ ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ از اﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم، ﻧﻬﺎد ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده its preservation. However, as mentioned را در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ . ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ by the experts, among other factors, a ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، اراﺋﻪ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ از ادراك راﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ”misunderstanding of the concept of “love has put family at risk. The main goal of « ﻋﺸﻖ»، ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳ ﻪﻫﺎي ﻋﺸﻖ -the present study is to provide an ana اﺳﺘﺮﻧﺒﺮگ ( 1986 و 1994 ) ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان روﻳﻜﺮد راﻳﺞ ﻧﺰد ”lytical overview of the concept of “love روا نﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﻣﺸﺎوران اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ اﺳ ﺖ . در ﻫﻤﻴﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ in couple relationships, particularly by emphasizing on a criticism Sternberg’s اﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺖ از روﻳﻜﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﻛﻼﺳﻴﻚ ذﻫﻦ، ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ (”theories (“love triangle" and "Love story ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﻲ و ﻣﺆﻟﻔ ﻪﻫﺎي آن و ﻫ ﻢﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ در and present a new approach: “Love as Caring Maturity”. ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴـ ﻞ رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑـ ﻞ، روﻳﻜﺮدي ﺑـﺪﻳـ ﻞ و ﺟﺎﻣﻊ از ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮ ل : ﺗﻬﺮان، اﺗﻮﺑﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ -Corresponding author: Department of Psych ology, Faculty of Ethics and Education, Institute و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه اﺧﻼق و ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ، ﮔﺮوه روا نﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran Iran. ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ: Email: [email protected] mehrnooshhedayati @yahoo .com www.SID.ir 438 / /)*+, &' ( /$% !"# / / Archive of SID «ﻋﺸﻖ ﭘﺎﻳﺪا ر » اراﺋﻪ ﻣ ﻲﺷﻮد، ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮا ن «: ﻋﺸﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ The method of the present qualitative research is based on the herméneutique ﺑﻠﻮغ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘ ﻲ» . ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻫﺪف از روش and critical paradigm and the data deduced ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ، ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻲ و ﺗﺤ ﻠ ﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﻲ -from literature review which were inve ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘ ﻪاﻳﻢ . در اﻳﻦ روﻳﻜﺮد ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻋﻘﻼﻧﻴﺖ -stigated using the thematic analysis app roach. In this approach, based on neo- ﺳ ﻪﻇﺮﻓﻴﺘﻲ، « ﻋﺸﻖ » ﻣﻨﺒﻌﺚ از ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ، classical theories of rationality , "True ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻲ و ارادي ﻋﻘﻞ ﺑﺸﺮي اﺳﺖ و ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ و love" is the product of rationality with all ﻃﺮﺣﻮار هﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻫﻮﺷﻴﺎر اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﭘﺪﻳﺪ هاي ﭼﻨﺪوﺟﻬﻲ و three cognitive, emotional, and intentional capacities, and although influenced by un- اﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ دراﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺣﺎﻟﺖ «ﻣﻦِ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻎ » ﻗﺮار دار د . در conscious patterns and schemas, it is a اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻴﺎن ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ « ﻋﺸﻖ» و «ﺷﺒ ﻪﻋﺸﻖ » ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ -multifaceted, selective phenomenon poss ﻣ ﻲﺷﻮﻳﻢ و ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد روﻳﻜﺮد «ﻫﺮم ﻋﺸ ﻖ » ﻛﻪ داراي essed by “adult ego state”. In this paper, a distinction is made between the concepts رأس «ﺑﻠﻮغ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘ ﻲ » در ﻛﻨﺎر «ﮔﺮاﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻤﻴﻤﻴ ﺖ» ، of “love” and “pseudo-love” and it is «ﭘﺎﻳ ﻪﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘ ﻲ» و «ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻬ ﺪ » اﺳﺖ، در ﭘﻲ اراﺋﻪ -attempted to propose a more compr ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮي ﻛﺎﻣ ﻞﺗﺮ از ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﻋﺸﻖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ در رواﺑﻂ زوﺟﻴﻦ ehensive picture of the meaning of true love in the relationships of couples by ﻫ ﺴﺘﻴﻢ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘ ﻪﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻋﻨﺼﺮ « ﺑﻠﻮغ » suggesting the “love pyramid” approach داراي ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ آﮔﺎﻫﻲ، ﻋﻨﺼﺮ « ﻣﺮاﻗﺖ » داراي ﺳﻪ with a “caring maturity” vertex behind ﺳﺎﺣﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ و «ﺑﻠﻮغ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘ ﻲ » داراي ﭘﻨﺞ ﺧﺮد هﻣﺆ ﻟﻔﻪ ,"tend to intimacy", "biological basics" and "decision to commitment". Research اﺳﺖ. "findings showed that the "Maturity element has four domains of consciou- ﻛﻠﻴﺪواژه ﻫﺎ : ﻋﺸﻖ، ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻋﺸﻖ، ﺑﻠﻮغ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﻲ، sness; and "Caring" e lement has three areas; and "Caring maturity" has five ﻫﺮم ﻋﺸﻖ. .aspects Keywords: Love, Love triangle , Maturity, Caring Maturity. ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در دﻧﻴﺎي ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ اﻣﺮوز ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﭼﻨﺪان ﺳﺎد ها ي ﻧﻴﺴﺖ . ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع ﺳﺪ راه ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﺘﺄﻫﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ . ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت اﻗﺘﺼﺎ دي، ﻣﻌﻀﻼت رواﺑﻂ ﻣﻴﺎ نﻓﺮدي، ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴ ﺖﭘﺬﻳﺮي، ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ آزاد يﻫﺎي ﻓﺮدي، ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻟﺬ تﺟﻮﻳﻲ، ﻋﺪم ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺮﺟﻊ و ﻣﻮارد دﻳﮕﺮي از اﻳﻦ دﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮس ﺟﻮاﻧﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده داﻣﻦ ﻣ ﻲزﻧﺪ . ﺑﺪون ﺷﻚ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ دروﻧﻲ و ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻗﻮي ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻓﺮاد را ﻣﺠﺎب ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻟﺬت ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ زﻳﺴﺘﻦ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت آن ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ دﻫﻨﺪ؛ اﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ دروﻧﻲ ﭼﻴﺰي ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺟﺰ « ﻋﺸﻖ » . ﻋﺸﻖ آن ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺎﺳﻲ و دروﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات و ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎز ﻫﻢ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ازدواج ـ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻗﺮارداد ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ زﻳﺴﺘﻦ ـ را در اﻓﺮاد زﻧﺪه ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣ ﻲ دارد ؛ ﭼﺮاﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺒﺎدﻟﻪ ﻋﺸﻖ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﻴﺎز اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺸﺮ ( ﮔﻼﺳﺮ1، 1398 ) و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﺑﺸﺮ از ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎت اﺳﺖ ( ﻓﻴﺸﺮ2 ، 2014 ). www.SID.ir ﻋﺸﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻠﻮغ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﻲ ﻧﻘﺪي ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻋﺸﻖ اﺳﺘﺮﻧﺒﺮگ و .../ /439 Archive of SID ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼف ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻋﺸﻖ در رواﺑﻂ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ، وﺟﻮب آن ﺑﺮاي ازدواج ﭘﺪﻳﺪ هاي ﻧﻮﻳﻦ اﺳ ﺖ. ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣ ﻲدﻫﺪ در ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ دﻟﻴﻞ ازدواج و ﻃﻼق، وﺟﻮد ﻳﺎ ﻓ ﻘﺪان ﻋﺸﻖ اﺳﺖ (اﺳﭙﺮﭼﺮ و ﻫﺎﺗﻔﻴﻠ ﺪ3، 2015)؛ ﭼﺮاﻛﻪ در ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﻧﻴﺎزﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺻﻼﺣﺪﻳﺪ واﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ ازدواج ﺑﻮد، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ رواج ﺻﻨﻌﺖ و دﻣﻮﻛﺮاﺳﻲ در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻌ ﻪﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺣﺘﻲ در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﻋﺸﻖ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ازدواج ﺷﺪ و ﺗﺠﺎرت ﺳﺒﻚ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ از ﻋﺸﻖ، ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان «ﻋﺸﻖ رﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴ ﻚ» ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ رﺳﺎﻧ ﻪﻫﺎ رواج ﻳﺎﻓﺖ، ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺮط ﻋﺸﻖ ﭘﻴﺶ از ازدواج را «ﻋﻘﺪه ﻋﺸﻖ رﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴ ﻚ» در ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣ ﻲﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪ (ﺑﺮاردو و اووﻧﺰ4، 2000: 1968) ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺴﺰاﻳﻲ در ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ و ﺗﺪاوم رواﺑﻂ زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ و اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﻳﻔﺎ ﻣ ﻲﻛﻨﺪ (ﺳﻴﺮن5، 2011). ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد آ نﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻟﻮﻳﻦ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎراﻧ ﺶ6 (1995) ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﻋﺸﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ازدواج در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻓﺮدﮔﺮاي ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاد هﮔﺮاي ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣ ﻲﺷﻮد، اﻣﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ و ﭘﮋوﻫ ﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از آن اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﺮان، ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً در ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻬﺮي و ﺗﻮﺳﻌ ﻪﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ، ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼف ﺳﺎ لﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺸﻖ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﺳﻌﺎدت ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣ ﻲﺷﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﻓﻘﺪان آن ﻣﻮﺟﺐ زوال ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻧﻤ ﻲﺷﺪ (ﺳﺎروﺧﺎﻧﻲ، 1386)؛ ﻃﻲ دو دﻫﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ازدواج و ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ (اﺣﻤﺪي و ﻫﻤﻜﺎرا ن7، 2013). اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد رواج ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪه دﻣﻮﻛﺮاﺳﻲ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺗﻮأم ﺑﺎ ﻋﺸﻖ و ﻋﻼﻗﻪ در ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺛﺒﺎت و ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺲ از ازدواج، در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﺮار دارد (ﻛﻴﻢ و ﻫﺎﺗﻔﻴﻠ ﺪ8، 2004). ﺑﺪون ﺷﻚ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد ﻓ ﺮدي، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ در آﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ و ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري ﻧﻈﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده دﺧﻴﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣ ﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺎرﺿﺎت زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ، ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻋﻮاﻃﻒ و ﻣﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﺎدل ﻋﺸﻖ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻣ ﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ (ﮔﺎﺗﻤﻦ و ﮔﺎﺗﻤ ﻦ9، 2006) و از ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﺗﻌﺎرﺿﺎت و ﻛﺸﻤﻜ ﺶﻫﺎي زﻧﺎﺷﻮﻳﻲ، ﻛ ﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻴﺎن اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﺜﺒﺖ، ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻋﺎﻃﻔﻲ ﻧﺎﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ، ﻓﻘﺮ ﺻﻤﻴﻤﻴﺖ و ﻋﺸﻖ اﺳﺖ (ﺣﻔﺎﻇ ﻲﻃﺮﻗﺒﻪ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، 1385؛ اﺳﺘﺮﻧﺒﺮگ10، 2004). در ﺟﻮاﻣﻌﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻳﺮان ﻛﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ارز شﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻠﻲ و ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت، از ارزش ﺳﻨﺘﻲ و ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ، ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري و دوام اﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣ ﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﻫﻤﻴﺘﻲ دوﭼﻨﺪان داﺷﺘ ﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑ ﻲﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪاري ﻧﻬﺎد ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣ ﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻓﺮدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺟﺪ يﺗﺮي را ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎر آور د. رﺷﺪ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪه ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﺪت ﻣ ﻲﮔﻴﺮد ﻛﻪ رواﺑﻂ ﺟﺎري در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ، ﭼﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑ ﻪ ازدواج ﺷﻮد و ﭼﻪ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ از ازدواج اﺑﺘﺮ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ، اﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﺎﺗﻲ اﻏﺮا قآﻣﻴﺰ از ﺣﻀﻮر ﻋﺸﻘﻲ ﺷﻮراﻧﮕﻴﺰ و رﻣﺎﻧﺘﻴﻚ، دﺳ ﺖﻛﻢ در زﻣﺎن ﺷﺮوع رواﺑﻂ، ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ اﺻﻮﻻً ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪاري ﻳﺎ اﺧﺘﻼﻻت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در رواﺑﻂ ﻣﻴﺎن زوﺟﻴﻦ اﻣﺮوزي ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼف ﭼﻨﺪ دﻫﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ، ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺳﺮﻛﻮب ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت ﻋﺎﺷﻘﺎﻧﻪ، ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺮﻳﻚ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؛ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣ ﻲرﺳﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ را در ادراك زوﺟﻴﻦ از ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ﻋﺸﻖ ﺟﺴ ﺖوﺟﻮ ﻛﺮد، ﻓﻬﻤﻲ از ﻋﺸﻖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ دوام و ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري اﺣﺴﺎس ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ، ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎت ﻣﺨﺮب و ﺷﻜﺴﺖ در ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻣ ﻲﺷﻮد. درك ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ از ﻋﺸﻖ، آن ﻫﻢ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ «ﻋﺸﻖ ازدواﺟ ﻲ»11 ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت آﻛﺎدﻣﻴﻚ و ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ راﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪه در اﻳﺮان در ﺣﻴﻄ ﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫ ﺶﻫﺎ، روﻳﻜﺮدﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ و ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ، آﻣﻮزش رواﺑﻂ www.SID.ir 440 / /)*+, &' ( /$% !"# / / Archive of SID زوﺟﻴﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ازدواج و ﻧﻈﺎﻳﺮ آ نﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﺸﻬﻮد اﺳ ﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ دﻟ ﻴﻞ ﻛﺎر روي ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﻲ ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ﻋﺸﻖ و ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ روي ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻠﻮغ و ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ در «ﻋﺸﻖ ازدواﺟ ﻲ» ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ روش ﺣﻔﻆ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻳﻘﻴﻦ ﻣ ﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ و ﺗﺪاوم ﻧﻈﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺿﺮورﺗﻲ اﻧﻜﺎرﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻋﺸﻖ و اﻧﻮاع آن ﻋﺸﻖ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي را درﺑﺮ ﻣ ﻲﮔﻴﺮد. رﻳﺸﻪ ﻟﻐﻮي آن ﺑﻪ ﻋﺸَﻖ ('ašaq) ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي «ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪن» و ﻣﺘﺮادف ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﮔﻴﺎه ﻟﺒﻼب اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ وﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ درﺧﺘﻲ ﺑﭙﻴﭽﺪ آن را ﺧﺸﻚ ﻣ ﻲﻛﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد آ نﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ را در آﺛﺎر داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ ﻫ ﻢﭼﻮن اﺑ ﻦﺳﻴﻨﺎ و ﺷﻴﺦ ﺷﻬﺎ باﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﻬﺮوردي ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣ ﻲﺗﻮان دﻳﺪ، اﻣﺎ «ﻋﺸﻖ» در زﺑﺎن ﭘ ﺎرﺳﻲ ﺑﺎ واژه اوﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ iš ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي «ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻦ، ﻣﻴﻞ داﺷﺘﻦ، آرزو ﻛﺮدن، ﺟﺴ ﺖوﺟﻮ ﻛﺮد ن» ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ دار د.
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  • The Love Triangle: Reasons Romantic Relationships Don't Work and How to Attain a Relationship That Does Mary Beth Navo Regis University
    Regis University ePublications at Regis University All Regis University Theses Spring 2012 The Love Triangle: Reasons Romantic Relationships Don'T Work and How to Attain a Relationship that Does Mary Beth Navo Regis University Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.regis.edu/theses Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons Recommended Citation Navo, Mary Beth, "The Love Triangle: Reasons Romantic Relationships Don'T Work and How to Attain a Relationship that Does" (2012). All Regis University Theses. 576. https://epublications.regis.edu/theses/576 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by ePublications at Regis University. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Regis University Theses by an authorized administrator of ePublications at Regis University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Regis University Regis College Honors Theses Disclaimer Use of the materials available in the Regis University Thesis Collection (“Collection”) is limited and restricted to those users who agree to comply with the following terms of use. Regis University reserves the right to deny access to the Collection to any person who violates these terms of use or who seeks to or does alter, avoid or supersede the functional conditions, restrictions and limitations of the Collection. The site may be used only for lawful purposes. The user is solely responsible for knowing and adhering to any and all applicable laws, rules, and regulations relating or pertaining to use of the Collection. All content in this Collection is owned by and subject to the exclusive control of Regis University and the authors of the materials.
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  • Lovesickness” in Late Chos Ǒn Literature
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Reinterpreting “Lovesickness” in Late Chos ǒn Literature A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures by Janet Yoon-sun Lee 2014 © Copyright by Janet Yoon-sun Lee 2014 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Reinterpreting “Lovesickness” in Late Chos ǒn Literature By Janet Yoon-sun Lee Doctor of Philosophy in Asian Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles, 2014 Professor Peter H. Lee, Chair My dissertation concerns the development of the literary motif of “lovesickness” (sangsa py ǒng ) in late Chos ǒn narratives. More specifically, it examines the correlation between the expression of feelings and the corporeal symptoms of lovesickness as represented in Chos ǒn romance narratives and medical texts, respectively, of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. As the convergence of literary and medical discourse, lovesickness serves as a site to define both the psychological and physical experiences of love, implying the correlation between mind and body in the non-Western tradition. The analysis itself is re-categorized into the discussions of the feeling and the body. In the discussion of the feeling, it will be argued that the feeling of longing not only occupies an important position in literature, but also is gendered and structured in lyrics and narratives of the seventeenth century. In addressing the rubric of feelings of “longing,” this part seeks the ii theoretical grounds of how the intense experience of longing is converted to language of love and to bodily symptoms to constitute the knowledge of lovesickness. The second part concerns the representation of lovesick characters in Korean romance, particularly concerning the body politics of the Chos ŏn society.
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  • Lasting-Love-At-Last-By-Amari-Ice.Pdf
    Lasting Love at Last The Gay Guide to Attracting the Relationship of Your Dreams By Amari Ice 2 Difference Press McLean, Virginia, USA Copyright © Amari Ice, 2017 Difference Press is a trademark of Becoming Journey, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the author. Reviewers may quote brief passages in reviews. Published 2017 ISBN: 978-1-68309-218-6 DISCLAIMER No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical or electronic, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, or transmitted by email without permission in writing from the author. Neither the author nor the publisher assumes any responsibility for errors, omissions, or contrary interpretations of the subject matter herein. Any perceived slight of any individual or organization is purely unintentional. Brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Cover Design: Jennifer Stimson Editing: Grace Kerina Author photo courtesy of Donta Hensley (photographer), Jay Lautner (editor) 3 To My Love: Thank you for being unapologetically and unwaveringly you, and for being a captive audience for my insatiably playful antics. #IKeep 4 Table of Contents Foreword 6 A Note About the #Hashtags 8 Introduction – Tardy for the Relationship Party 9 Chapter 1 – #OnceUponATime 16 Chapter 2 – What’s Mercury Got to Do with It? 23 Section 1 – Preparing: The Realm of #RelationshipRetrograde 38 Chapter
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  • Romantic Relationship: Love Styles, Triangular Love and Relationship Satisfaction
    Love styles, Triangular love and Relationship satisfaction 1 City University of Hong Kong Department of Applied Social Studies Psychology BSS PSY 2007 Romantic relationship: Love styles, Triangular Love and Relationship Satisfaction Student Name: Tang Pui Tung Supervisor: Dr. Cheng Christopher Hon Kwong SS 4708 Research Project in Psychology A Thesis submitted for the Degree of Bachelor of Social Sciences with Honors in Psychology at the City University of Hong Kong April 2007 Love styles, Triangular love and Relationship satisfaction 2 Abstract Objectives. This study examined how the love variables (intimacy, passion, commitment and the six love styles) are differences between genders and relationship stages. In addition, associations between love variables and relationship satisfaction among local romantic partners were studied. Method. Participants were eighty-two couples who have involved in a romantic relationship (dating or married). They completed questionnaire which assessed their love styles, level of intimacy, passion, commitment, and relationship satisfaction. Results. Gender differences in love styles and stage effect on the triangular love components were found. Participants’ scores on all love components were found to be positively related to satisfaction. Specific love styles, Eros was found to be positive predictor on satisfaction for men and women. Agape was found to be a positive predictor, but only for men. Ludus, was found as a negative predictor for satisfaction and commitment for both genders. Discussion. Results suggested love styles, Eros, Storge and Agape, as well as intimacy, passion and commitment were positively related to satisfaction. A distinct finding of the discrepancy in passion leaded to higher satisfaction raise an interesting issue to be discussed.
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  • Relationship Dynamics
    chapter12 To suggest that one simply starts a friendship, courtship, romantic partnership or marriage and “off it goes” is simple-minded. It is like believing that one can drive down the street merely by turning the ignition key, sitting back, and letting the car take care of itself. —Steve Duck RELATIONSHIP DYNAMICS LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing this chapter, you should be able to demonstrate mastery of the following learning outcomes: 1. Discuss the functions relationships serve, 4. Describe the factors that influence identifying the characteristics that distinguish interpersonal attraction. one relationship from another. 5. Identify how culture, gender, the media, 2. Use Rawlins’s friendship model and and technology influence relationship Sternberg’s triangle of love to explain the development. relationship spectrum, distinguishing among 6. Identify specific techniques that can facilitate acquaintanceships, friendships, and romantic our mastery of relationship dynamics. relationships. 3. Use Knapp and Vangelisti’s relationship model to describe the stages a romantic relationship may pass through. 326 Part IV: Relationships in Context elationships fascinate us! The success of the Real troubles Russell and Taylor experienced provided much of Housewives franchise on the Bravo cable television the drama in the series’ first season, as did the impending Rnetwork—including The Real Housewives of New divorce of Camille Grammer from her now former husband, York, The Real Housewives of New Jersey, The Real actor Kelsey Grammer. Housewives of Beverly Hills, The Real Housewives of Atlanta, and The Real Relationship dramas—both the ups and the Housewives of Orange County, just Each program downs—are at the heart of all the offerings to name some of the Real Housewives in the Real Housewives franchise.
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  • Love Stories: a Narrative Look at How Couples Jointly Construct Love in Romantic Relationships
    ABSTRACT LOVE STORIES: A NARRATIVE LOOK AT HOW COUPLES JOINTLY CONSTRUCT LOVE IN ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS The goal of this thesis was to understand how love in romantic relationships is constituted through the stories couples tell. Two research questions were asked: How do couples co-construct love? And, how do couples narratively define love? The stories were collected through open-ended dyadic interviews with 15 heterosexual couples. Couples ranged in ages and relationship length and some were dating, some were married. Narrative theory was used to understand how couples make sense of their love through the stories they told together. Amanda Elizabeth Rowen May 2018 LOVE STORIES: A NARRATIVE LOOK AT HOW COUPLES JOINTLY CONSTRUCT LOVE IN ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS by Amanda Elizabeth Rowen A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Communication in the College of Arts and Humanities California State University, Fresno May 2018 APPROVED For the Department of Communication: We, the undersigned, certify that the thesis of the following student meets the required standards of scholarship, format, and style of the university and the student's graduate degree program for the awarding of the master's degree. Amanda Elizabeth Rowen Thesis author Falon Kartch (Chair) Communication Kathy Adams Communication Jennifer Randles Sociology For the University Graduate Committee: Dean, Division of Graduate Studies AUTHORIZATION FOR REPRODUCTION OF MASTER’S THESIS X I grant permission for the reproduction of this thesis in part or in its entirety without further authorization from me, on the condition that the person or agency requesting reproduction absorbs the cost and provides proper acknowledgment of authorship.
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  • The Adventures of Love in the Social Sciences: Social Representations, Psychometric Evaluations and Cognitive Influences of Passionate Love
    The adventures of love in the social sciences : social representations, psychometric evaluations and cognitive influences of passionate love Cyrille Feybesse To cite this version: Cyrille Feybesse. The adventures of love in the social sciences : social representations, psychometric evaluations and cognitive influences of passionate love. Psychology. Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. English. NNT : 2015USPCB199. tel-01886995 HAL Id: tel-01886995 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01886995 Submitted on 3 Oct 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE PARIS DESCARTES INSTITUT DE PSYCHOLOGIE HENRI PIERON Ecole Doctorale 261 « Cognition, Comportements, Conduites Humaines » THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS DESCARTES Discipline : Psychologie Mention : Psychologie Sociale et Différentielle Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale: menaces et société (LPS) Laboratoire Adaptations Travail Individu (Lati) Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Cyrille FEYBESSE Le 26 Novembre 2015 The adventures of love in the social sciences: social representations, psychometric evaluations and cognitive influences of passionate love. JURY G. COUDIN – MCF-HDR – Directrice de Thèse T. LUBART – Professeur à l’Université Paris Descartes – Co-directeur de Thèse I. OLRY-LOUIS – Professeur à l’Université Paris Ouest Nanterre - Rapporteur E.
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  • I Love You: a Theory of Love
    I LOVE YOU 1 FRANCESCO ALBERONI I LOVE YOU (A THEORY OF LOVE ) I LOVE YOU 2 CHAPTER ONE LOVE AND THE COUPLE A science of love There are many kinds of love, like a mother’s, a brother or sister’s, or a friend’s. But here we will be talking about the passionate, erotic kind of love which exists between lovers, between a husband and wife, i.e. the love binding a couple together - the kind of love that makes us say “I love you”. We will be trying to understand how it begins, what forms it takes, how it develops, what problems it may meet, and why it ends or endures. It is the kind of love that can grow slowly out of friendship or explode at first sight. It can be a passing infatuation burning itself out in a few days or months, or it can last for years, even a lifetime. It can be made of torrid sexuality or sweet tenderness, it may never I LOVE YOU 3 develop beyond unsatisfied passion or it may bloom into marriage. It can turn into an idyll or a conflict, fade away into routine, or carry along with it all the vibrance and freshness of its early stages. A person who loves and wishes that love to be returned will ponder over innumerable questions, knowing that passion, jealousy, dreams, ideals, eroticism and love can either make life wonderful or turn it into hell. Gestures that make us happy or words that plunge us into despair come from very few human beings indeed, only those to whom we are intensely and inextricably bound.i The greatest triumph can be poisoned by a cruel word or lack of attention from the one we love.
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  • The Love Triangle…Where Do Your Relationships Fit?
    The Love Triangle…Where Do Your Relationships Fit? Robert Sternberg proposed something that has taken hold of the interest of many – from his fellow psychologists to psychology enthusiasts. He had proposed a theory that concretizes something that has baffled many minds and wrenched many hearts: love. He called it the triangular theory of love, as the theory is best explained in a form of a triangle, but it is more commonly known as the Sternberg’s Theory of Love. In the context of interpersonal relationships, there are three components of love: an intimacy component, a passion component, and a commitment component. The first component talks about intimacy. According to the theory, it is the feeling of attachment, closeness and connectedness. The second component is the passion, the firey depth and intense feeling you get when you like someone. Commitment comes in to tie the two together. It is a decision to remain with one another (short term) and plans made in the future (long term). The forms of love are combinations of the three components that was described above. Nonlove: It is merely the absence of the three components. This basically characterizes the majority of our personal relationships, which are simply casual interactions. It could apply to your acquaintances or someone you’re not particularly attached with. _________________________ Liking/Friendship: This is characterized when intimacy is present. This is the set of feelings one experiences without the intense feeling of passion or commitment in the romantic sense. This can however be a root for the other forms of love to manifest.
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  • The Love Triangle Bernadette Meyler Stanford Law School
    UC Irvine Law Review Volume 5 Issue 2 “Law As . .” III, Glossolalia: Toward a Minor Article 8 (Historical) Jurisprudence 6-2015 Law, Literature, and History: The Love Triangle Bernadette Meyler Stanford Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.uci.edu/ucilr Part of the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Bernadette Meyler, Law, Literature, and History: The Love Triangle, 5 U.C. Irvine L. Rev. 365 (2015). Available at: https://scholarship.law.uci.edu/ucilr/vol5/iss2/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UCI Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in UC Irvine Law Review by an authorized editor of UCI Law Scholarly Commons. Meyler_production read v2 (clean) (Do Not Delete) 6/17/2015 10:41 PM Law, Literature, and History: The Love Triangle Bernadette Meyler* Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 365 I. Breaking Down the Affairs ........................................................................................ 368 II. The Romance .............................................................................................................. 377 III. Audiences and Actors .............................................................................................. 384 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 390 INTRODUCTION A decade ago, at the end of her characteristically astute
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  • The Role of Mentalized Affectivity in Romantic Love and Relationship Satisfaction
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects CUNY Graduate Center 9-2020 The Role of Mentalized Affectivity in Romantic Love and Relationship Satisfaction Camilla P. Hegsted The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/4085 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE ROLE OF MENTALIZED AFFECTIVITY IN ROMANTIC LOVE AND RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION by CAMILLA PORTER HEGSTED A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Psychology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2020 © 2020 CAMILLA PORTER HEGSTED All Rights Reserved ii The Role of Mentalized Affectivity in Romantic Love and Relationship Satisfaction by Camilla Porter Hegsted This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Psychology in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________________ ________________________________________ Date Elliot Jurist Chair of Examining Committee ______________________ ________________________________________ Date Richard Bodnar Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Elliot Jurist, Ph.D. Steven Tuber, Ph.D. Lissa Weinstein, Ph.D. THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT The Role of Mentalized Affectivity in Romantic Love and Relationship Satisfaction by: Camilla Porter Hegsted Advisor: Elliot Jurist Introduction: The role that mentalized affectivity plays in the relationship between ​ romance love and relationship satisfaction was investigated. Methods: 504 participants ​ ​ completed three measures: Mentalized Affectivity Scale, Adapted Triangular Love Scale, and the Relationship Assessment Scale.
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  • Conflict Resolution in Lovers' Triangles
    Intercultural Communication Studies VII: 1 1997-8 Chen Y. & Hao X. Conflict Resolution in Love Triangles: Perspectives Offered by Chinese TV Dramas Chen Yanru Hao Xiaoming Nanyang Technological University Abstract This study examines the perspectives on conflict resolution in love triangles presented in Chinese television drama serials. Changes in various dimensions of social life that accompanied the economic reform were presented as the main causes of triangular love relationships including extramarital romance. Regardless of their causes, conflicts were found to be resolved mostly in peaceful manners rather than confrontation through conversations between rivals. The finding was partially explained by the increasing societal tolerance for the violation of traditional values governing romantic and marital relationships. Television as an entertainment medium, though controlled by the state, nonetheless reflects such changes and may unintentionally promote such tolerance. Love is regarded by some philosophers as “always altruistic, not selfish” (Adler, 1995), which presumably should lead to peace and harmony. However, a romantic relationship can be a potential source of conflicts, which arise “when a difference between two (or more) people necessitates change in at least one person in order for their engagement to continue and develop” (Jordan, 1990). This is especially so if such a relationship is complicated by the involvement of a third party, forming a love triangle or triangular love relationship. The days are long gone when romantic rivals would challenge each other to a duel to resolve their conflict, but such conflicts continue to remain part of human life and the search for their resolution has never ended. Researchers have developed theoretical models of romantic love (Hendrick & Hendrick, 1986; Sternberg, 1986) and explored the means to maintain marital relationships (Attridge, 1994; Vangelisti & Huston, 1994).
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