DOCSLIB.ORG

Online Research Bibliography of Written Language & Literacy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Online Research Bibliography of Written Language & Literacy Online Research Bibliography of Written Language & Literacy - 7,545 bibliographic entries – Compiled and edited by Terry Joyce [[email protected]] © April 2021 This version of the ORBWLL data consists of 7,545 bibliographic entries based on consulting and processing 3,000 source bibliographies. The 7,545 entries include the 3,000 source bibliographies, which were selected based on their status as authoritative works within the literature and/or on their inclusion within a selection of prestigious academic journals dedicated to scripts, reading, written language and literacy issues. The other 4,545 entries are works that are consistently cited by a certain number of the source bibliographies, indicating their relevance and importance for written language and literacy research. In compiling the bibliographic data, efforts have been made to eliminate the errors that are frequently encountered within reference lists, but, undoubtedly, some mistakes will remain. Accordingly, the compiler sincerely asks to be informed of any inaccuracies discovered, so that they can be corrected in future updates. The compiler would also be most grateful for recommendations for works that warrant inclusion within ORBWLL. The online version of ORBWLL (http://faculty.tama.ac.jp/joyce/awll/orbwll/index.html) also includes Cited by information for many entries, based on 54,881 citations among the source bibliographies. Online Research Bibliography of Written Language & Literacy April, 2021 page 2 A Aarnoutse, Cor., Van Leeuwe, Jan, Voeten, Marinus, & Oud, Han. (2001). Development of decoding, reading comprehension, vocabulary and spelling during the elementary school years. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 14(1/2), 61–89. Aaron, P. G. (2005). [Book review: Catherine McBride-Chang, (2004), Children's literacy development]. Reading and Writing, 18(4), 377–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-005-3357-x Aaron, P. G., & Joshi, R. Malatesha. (1992). Reading problems: Consultation and remediation. New York: The Guilford Press. Aaron, P. G., & Joshi, R. Malatesha. (2006). Learning to spell from print and learning to spell from speech: A study of spelling of children who speak Tamil, a Dravidian language. In R. Malatesha Joshi & P. G. Aaron, (Eds.), Handbook of orthography and literacy (pp. 551–568). Mahwah, NJ; London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Aaron, P. G., Joshi, R. M., Ayotollah, Mahboobeh, Ellsberry, Annie, Henderson, Janet, & Lindsey, Kim. (1999). Decoding and sight-word naming: Are they independent components of word recognition skill? Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 11(2), 89–127. Aaron, P. G., Joshi, M., & Williams, K. A. (1999). Not all reading disabilities are alike. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 32, 120–137. Aaron, P. G., Keetay, V., Boyd, M., Palmatier, S., & Wacks, J. (1998). Spelling without phonology: A study of deaf and hearing children. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 10(1), 1–22. Aaronson, D., & Scarborough, H. S. (1976). Performance theories for sentence coding: Some quantitative evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 56–70. Abba, Katherine A., Joshi, R. Malatesha, & Ji, Xuejun Ryan. (2019). Analyzing writing performance of L1, L2, and Generation 1.5 community college students through Coh-Metrix. Written Language & Literacy, 22(1), 67–94. https://doi.org/10.1075/wll.00020.abb Abbott, Nabia. (1939). The rise of the north Arabic script and its Ḳur'ānic development, with a full description of the Ḳur'ānic Manuscripts in the Oriental Institute (Oriental Institute publications 50). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Abbott, R. D., & Berninger, V. W. (1993). Structural equation modeling of relationships among developmental skills and writing skills in primary- and intermediate-grade writers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 85(3), 478–508. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.85.3.478 Abdelazeem, Sherif, Eraqi, Hesham M., & Ahmed, Hany. (2012). On-line Arabic handwritten word recognition based on HMM and combination of on-line and off-line features. In Volker Märgner & Haikal El Abed (Eds.), Guide to OCR for Arabic scripts (pp. 559–585). Berlin: Springer. Online Research Bibliography of Written Language & Literacy April, 2021 page 3 Abdelhadi, Souad, Ibrahim, Raphiq, & Eviatar, Zohar. (2011). Perceptual load in the reading of Arabic: Effects of orthographic visual complexity on detection. Writing Systems Research, 3(2), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.1093/wsr/wsr014 Abercrombie, David. (1949). What is a ‘letter’? Lingua, 2(1), 54–63. [Reprinted in Abercrombie, David. (1965). Studies in phonetics and linguistics (Language and Language Learning 10) (pp. 76– 85). London: Oxford University Press] Abercrombie, David. (1967). Elements of general phonetics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Aboelezz, Mariam. (2017). The politics of pro-ʿāmmiyya language ideology in Egypt. In Jacob Høigilt & Gunvor Mejdell (Eds.), The politics of written language in the Arab world: Writing change (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics 90) (pp. 212–238). Leiden; Boston: Brill. Aborn, M., Rubenstein, H., & Sterling, T. D. (1959). Sources of contextual constraint upon words in sentences. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57, 171–180. Abou-Assaf, A., Bordreuil, P., & Millard, Alan R. (1982). La statue de Tell Fekherye et son inscription bilingue assyro-araméenne (Études assyriologiques, Cahiers 7). Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations. Abouzeid, Mary P. (1992). Stages of word knowledge in reading disabled children. In Shane Templeton & Donald R. Bear (Eds.), Development of orthographic knowledge and the foundations of literacy: A memorial festschrift for Edmund H. Henderson (pp. 279–306). Hillsdale, NJ; Hove; London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Abrams, Lise, Trunk, Dunja L., & White, Katherine K. (2008). Visual and auditory priming influences the production of low-frequency spellings. Reading and Writing, 21(7), 745–762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-007-9090-x Abrams, S. G., & Zuber, B. L. (1972). Some temporal characteristics of information processing during reading. Reading Research Quarterly, 7, 40–51. Abu Ahmad, Hanadi, Ibrahim, Raphiq, & Share, David L. (2014). Cognitive predictors of early reading ability in Arabic: A longitudinal study from kindergarten to grade 2. In Elinor Saiegh- Haddad & R. Malatesha Joshi (Eds.), Handbook of Arabic literacy: Insights and perspectives (Literacy Studies 9) (pp. 171–194). Dordrecht: Springer. Abu Elhija, Dua'a. (2014). A new writing system? Developing orthographies for writing Arabic dialects in electronic media. Writing Systems Research, 6(2), 190–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/17586801.2013.868334 Abulhab, Saad. (2004). The Mutamathil type style: Towards free, technologically-friendly ‘arabetic’ types. Visible Language, 38(3), 306–333. Abulhab, Saad D. (2006). Typography: Behind the arabetic calligraphy veil. Visible Language, 40(3), 294–307. Abulhab, Saad D. (2008). Anatomy of an arabetic type design. Visible Language, 42(2), 181–193. Online Research Bibliography of Written Language & Literacy April, 2021 page 4 Abu-Rabia, S. (1995). Learning to read in Arabic: Reading, syntactic, orthographic and working memory skills in normally achieving and poor Arabic readers. Reading Psychology: An International Quarterly, 16(4), 351–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/0270271950160401 Abu-Rabia, S. (1996). The role of vowels and context in reading of highly skilled native Arabic readers. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 25(6), 629–641. Abu-Rabia, Salim. (1997a). The need for cross-cultural considerations in reading theory: The effects of Arabic sentence context in skilled and poor readers. Journal of Research in Reading, 20, 137– 147. Abu-Rabia, Salim. (1997b). Reading in Arabic orthography: The effect of vowels and context on reading accuracy of poor and skilled native Arabic readers. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 9(1), 65–78. Abu-Rabia, Salim. (1997c). Reading in Arabic orthography: The effect of vowels and context on reading accuracy of poor and skilled native Arabic readers in reading paragraphs, sentences, and isolated words. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 26, 465–482. Abu-Rabia, Salim. (1998). Reading Arabic texts: Effects of text type, reader type and vowelization. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 10(2), 105–119. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007906222227 Abu-Rabia, Salim. (1999). The effect of Arabic vowels on the reading comprehension of second- and sixth-grade native Arab children. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 28, 93–101. Abu-Rabia, Salim. (2000). Effects of exposure to literary Arabic on reading comprehension in diglossic situation. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 13(1/2), 147–157. Abu-Rabia, Salim. (2001). The role of vowels in reading Semitic scripts: Data from Arabic and Hebrew. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 14(1/2), 39–59. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008147606320 Abu-Rabia, Salim. (2002). Reading in a root-based-morphology language: The case of Arabic. Journal of Research in Reading, 25, 299–309. Abu-Rabia, S. (2007). The role of morphology and short vowelization in reading Arabic among normal and dyslexic readers in grades 3, , 9, and 12. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 36(2), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-006-9035-6 Abu-Rabia, Salim, Share, David, & Mansour, Maysaloon Said. (2003). Word recognition and basic cognitive processes among reading-disabled and normal readers in Arabic. Reading
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vowel Quality and Phonological Projection
    i Vowel Quality and Phonological Pro jection Marc van Oostendorp PhD Thesis Tilburg University September Acknowledgements The following p eople have help ed me prepare and write this dissertation John Alderete Elena Anagnostop oulou Sjef Barbiers Outi BatEl Dorothee Beermann Clemens Bennink Adams Bo domo Geert Bo oij Hans Bro ekhuis Norb ert Corver Martine Dhondt Ruud and Henny Dhondt Jo e Emonds Dicky Gilb ers Janet Grijzenhout Carlos Gussenhoven Gert jan Hakkenb erg Marco Haverkort Lars Hellan Ben Hermans Bart Holle brandse Hannekevan Ho of Angeliek van Hout Ro eland van Hout Harry van der Hulst Riny Huybregts Rene Kager HansPeter Kolb Emiel Krah mer David Leblanc Winnie Lechner Klarien van der Linde John Mc Carthy Dominique Nouveau Rolf Noyer Jaap and Hannyvan Oosten dorp Paola Monachesi Krisztina Polgardi Alan Prince Curt Rice Henk van Riemsdijk Iggy Ro ca Sam Rosenthall Grazyna Rowicka Lisa Selkirk Chris Sijtsma Craig Thiersch MiekeTrommelen Rub en van der Vijver Janneke Visser Riet Vos Jero en van de Weijer Wim Zonneveld Iwant to thank them all They have made the past four years for what it was the most interesting and happiest p erio d in mylife until now ii Contents Intro duction The Headedness of Syllables The Headedness Hyp othesis HH Theoretical Background Syllable Structure Feature geometry Sp ecication and Undersp ecicati on Skeletal tier Mo del of the grammar Optimality Theory Data Organisation of the thesis Chapter Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • 8 Røynelanddecember2017
    8 Virtually Norwegian: Negotiating language and identity on YouTube __________________________________________________________________________ Unn Røyneland Introduction Early January 2017 the city of Oslo suffered heavily from pollution due to a combination of extensive traffic and cold weather. To resolve this problem, the city commissioner for environment and transport, Lan Marie Nguyen Berg, issued a ban on driving diesel cars certain days. The same day a right-wing politician, who was very upset by the ban, posted a message on her Facebook wall where she attacked Nguyen Berg in extremely offensive language. She called Nguyen Berg a Vietnamese bitch, and told her to go back to Vietnam or North-Korea where communists like her belong (Dagsavisen January 17, 2017). The message was quickly picked up by the media, where it provoked resentment and launched a massive debate. The right-wing politician defended herself by saying that this was a private message posted on her Facebook wall, and also that this kind of language use is quite common in her dialect. Both of these excuses were heavily criticized and dismissed in the following debate. As a politician, you are a public figure and hence cannot expect that a post on your Facebook wall will not be spread and taken up by the media. The idea that this kind of language use has anything to do with dialect was also rejected; it is simply degrading and racist language. Still it is interesting that the politician – in the attempt to defend herself – used both these arguments. It illustrates how people tend to think about Facebook as a private site – although they have hundreds of “friends” – and also that the use of dialect is quite common in private writing in Norway.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza­ Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Language Was Created by Sumerian Turks
    Advances in Anthropology, 2017, 7, 197-250 http://www.scirp.org/journal/aa ISSN Online: 2163-9361 ISSN Print: 2163-9353 The Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Language Was Created by Sumerian Turks Metin Gündüz Retired Physician, Diplomate ABEM (American Board of Emergency Medicine), Izmir, Turkey How to cite this paper: Gündüz, M. (2017). Abstract The Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Lan- guage Was Created by Sumerian Turks. The “phonetic sound value of each and every hieroglyphic picture’s expressed Advances in Anthropology, 7, 197-250. and intended meaning as a verb or as a noun by the creators of the ancient https://doi.org/10.4236/aa.2017.74013 Egyptian hieroglyphic picture symbols, ‘exactly matches’, the same meaning” Received: August 2, 2017 as well as the “first letter of the corresponding meaning of the Turkish word’s Accepted: October 13, 2017 first syllable” with the currently spoken dialects of the Turkish language. The Published: October 16, 2017 exact intended sound value as well as the meaning of hieroglyphic pictures as Copyright © 2017 by author and nouns or verbs is individually and clearly expressed in the original hierog- Scientific Research Publishing Inc. lyphic pictures. This includes the 30 hieroglyphic pictures of well-known con- This work is licensed under the Creative sonants as well as some vowel sounds-of the language of the ancient Egyp- Commons Attribution International tians. There is no exception to this rule. Statistical and probabilistic certainty License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ beyond any reasonable doubt proves the Turkish language connection. The Open Access hieroglyphic pictures match with 2 variables (the phonetic value and intended meaning).
    [Show full text]
  • 5. the Harappan Script Controversy
    5. The Harappan script controversy (Subchapters 5.1-10 are the text of the paper “The Vedic Harappans in writing: Remarks in expectation of a decipherment of the Indus script”, written in late 1999, if I remember correctly. Instead of a postscript, subchapters 5.11-12 summarize a later development in 2003-2004, which throws an entirely different light on the meaning of the Indus script. At the time of editing this collection, I am agnostic on this question.) 5.1. Introduction In the Harappan cities some 4200 seals, many of them duplicates, have been found which carry short inscriptions in an otherwise unknown script. There is not the slightest doubt that this harvest of Harappan writings is but the tip of an iceberg, in this sense that the Harappan culture must have produced much more copious writings, but that most of them disappeared because the writing materials were not resistant to the ravages of time, particularly in the Indian climate. This fatality can still be seen today, when the libraries of many impoverished maharajas' castles are full of manuscripts which are decaying under our very eyes, turning large chunks of India's national memory and heritage into dust. Even of the oldest and most popular texts, the extant manuscripts are seldom older than a few centuries, copies made as the only guarantee to save the texts from the ravages of time which were destroying the earlier copies. It is fair to assume that a text corpus proportionate in size to the enormous extent of the Harappan cultural space, has gone the same way into oblivion.
    [Show full text]
  • A Manipuri-English Bilingual Electronic Dictionary -Design and Implementation S
    ISSN: 2277-3754 ISO 9001:2008 Certified International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 1, July 2012 A Manipuri-English Bilingual Electronic Dictionary -Design and Implementation S. Poireiton Meitei, Shantikumar Ningombam, H.Mamata Devi, Bipul Syam Purkayastha Abstract— Bilingual Electronic dictionaries are some kind of II. MANIPURI LANGUAGE system that hopes to process natural languages as people have Manipuri, locally known as Meiteilon (the Meitei+lon information about words, their meaning and relative information(from source language) to another(target) language. „language‟), is spoken basically in the state of Manipur So, machine readable electronic dictionary becomes the central which is in the north eastern India. It is also spoken in resources for Natural Language applications. Dictionaries and Assam, Tripura, Mizoram, Burma and Bangladesh. other lexical resources are not yet widely available in electronic Manipuri is the only medium of communication among 29 form for Manipuri Language. This paper describes the design different mother tongues. Hence it is regarded as lingua and implementation of a developing Electronic franca of Manipur state. Since 20 August 1992 Manipuri Manipuri-English Bilingual dictionary. This implementation become the first TB (Tibeto Burman) language to receive will provide a more effective combination of traditional recognition as a schedule VIII language of India. Before this Manipuri-English bi-lingual lexicographic information and every date, Manipuri has adopted as the medium of their conceptual information. instruction and examination. More and above, Manipuri is Index Terms: - Manipuri Language, Bilingual, Dictionaries, taught up to Ph.D. level in the Indian Universities. It is also Tibeto Burman, Natural language Processing.
    [Show full text]
  • From Semantics to Dialectometry
    Contents Preface ix Subjunctions as discourse markers? Stancetaking on the topic ‘insubordi- nate subordination’ Werner Abraham Two-layer networks, non-linear separation, and human learning R. Harald Baayen & Peter Hendrix John’s car repaired. Variation in the position of past participles in the ver- bal cluster in Duth Sjef Barbiers, Hans Bennis & Lote Dros-Hendriks Perception of word stress Leonor van der Bij, Dicky Gilbers & Wolfgang Kehrein Empirical evidence for discourse markers at the lexical level Jelke Bloem Verb phrase ellipsis and sloppy identity: a corpus-based investigation Johan Bos 7 7 Om-omission Gosse Bouma 8 Neural semantics Harm Brouwer, Mathew W. Crocker & Noortje J. Venhuizen 7 9 Liberating Dialectology J. K. Chambers 8 0 A new library for construction of automata Jan Daciuk 9 Generating English paraphrases from logic Dan Flickinger 99 Contents Use and possible improvement of UNESCO’s Atlas of the World’s Lan- guages in Danger Tjeerd de Graaf 09 Assessing smoothing parameters in dialectometry Jack Grieve 9 Finding dialect areas by means of bootstrap clustering Wilbert Heeringa 7 An acoustic analysis of English vowels produced by speakers of seven dif- ferent native-language bakgrounds Vincent J. van Heuven & Charlote S. Gooskens 7 Impersonal passives in German: some corpus evidence Erhard Hinrichs 9 7 In Hülle und Fülle – quantiication at a distance in German, Duth and English Jack Hoeksema 9 8 he interpretation of Duth direct speeh reports by Frisian-Duth bilin- guals Franziska Köder, J. W. van der Meer & Jennifer Spenader 7 9 Mining for parsing failures Daniël de Kok & Gertjan van Noord 8 0 Looking for meaning in names Stasinos Konstantopoulos 9 Second thoughts about the Chomskyan revolution Jan Koster 99 Good maps William A.
    [Show full text]
  • Learning to Read and Spell Single Words: a Case Study of a Slavic Language
    Learning to read and spell single words: a case study of a Slavic language. Marcin Szczerbiriski A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University College London August 2001 ProQuest Number: U643611 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U643611 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT We now have a good knowledge of the initial period of literacy acquisition in English, but the development of literacy in other languages, and the implication of this for our understanding of cognitive processing of written language, is less well explored. In this study, Polish T* - 3'*^ grade children (7;6-9;6 years old) were tested on reading and spelling of words, with controls for factors which have been shown to affect performance in other languages (lexicality, frequency, orthographic complexity). Moreover, each participant was individually tested on a range of linguistic skills understood to be essential components of literacy acquisition. These included: phonological awareness (detection, analysis, blending, deletion and replacement of sound segments in words) serial naming (of pictures, digits, letters) and morphological skills (using prefixes and suffixes).
    [Show full text]
  • Proto-Elamite
    L2/20­192 2020­09­21 Preliminary proposal to encode Proto­Elamite in Unicode Anshuman Pandey [email protected] pandey.github.io/unicode September 21, 2020 Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Overview of the Sign Repertoire 3 2.1 Sign names . 4 2.2 Numeric signs . 4 2.3 Numeric signs with extended representations . 5 2.4 Complex capacity signs . 6 2.5 Complex graphemes . 7 2.6 Signs in compounds without independent attestation . 10 2.7 Alternate or variant forms . 11 2.8 Scribal designs . 11 3 Proposed Encoding Model 12 4 Proposed Characters 13 4.1 Numeric signs . 13 4.2 General ideographic signs . 17 5 Characters Not Suitable for Encoding 110 6 References 110 7 Acknowledgments 111 1 Preliminary proposal to encode Proto­Elamite in Unicode Anshuman Pandey 1 Introduction The term ‘Proto­Elamite’ refers to a writing system that was used at the beginning of the 3rd millenium BCE in the region to the east and southeast of Mesopotamia, known as Elam, which corresponds to the eastern portion of present­day Iran. The name was assigned by the French epigraphist Jean­Vincent Scheil in the early 20th century, who believed it to be the predecessor of a ‘proper’ Elamite script, which would have been used for recording the Elamite language, simply on account of the location of the tablets at Susa, which was the capital city of Elam. While no ‘proper’ descendent of the script has been identified, scholars continue to use the name ‘Proto­Elamite’ as a matter of convention (Dahl 2012: 2). Proto­Elamite is believed to have been developed from an accounting system used in Mesopotamia, in a manner similar to the development of ‘Proto­Cuneiform’.
    [Show full text]
  • Register in Eastern Cham: Phonological, Phonetic and Sociolinguistic Approaches
    REGISTER IN EASTERN CHAM: PHONOLOGICAL, PHONETIC AND SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROACHES A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Marc Brunelle August 2005 © 2005 Marc Brunelle REGISTER IN EASTERN CHAM: PHONOLOGICAL, PHONETIC AND SOCIOLINGUISTIC APPROACHES Marc Brunelle, Ph.D. Cornell University, 2005 The Chamic language family is often cited as a test case for contact linguistics. Although Chamic languages are Austronesian, they are claimed to have converged with Mon-Khmer languages and adopted features from their closest neighbors. A good example of such a convergence is the realization of phonological register in Cham dialects. In many Southeast Asian languages, the loss of the voicing contrast in onsets has led to the development of two registers, bundles of features that initially included pitch, voice quality, vowel quality and durational differences and that are typically realized on rimes. While Cambodian Cham realizes register mainly through vowel quality, just like Khmer, the registers of the Cham dialect spoken in south- central Vietnam (Eastern Cham) are claimed to have evolved into tone, a property that plays a central role in Vietnamese phonology. This dissertation evaluates the hypothesis that contact with Vietnamese is responsible for the recent evolution of Eastern Cham register by exploring the nature of the sound system of Eastern Cham from phonetic, phonological and sociolinguistic perspectives. Proponents of the view that Eastern Cham has a complex tone system claim that tones arose from the phonemicization of register allophones conditioned by codas after the weakening or deletion of coda stops and laryngeals.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis Towards the Development of Electronic Bilingual Dictionary (Manipuri-English) -A Report
    Sagolsem Poireiton Meitei et al, / (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 3 (2) , 2012,3423-3426 An Analysis towards the Development of Electronic Bilingual Dictionary (Manipuri-English) -A Report Sagolsem Poireiton Meitei, Shantikumar Ningombam, Prof. Bipul Syam Purkayastha Department of Computer Science Assam University, Silchar-788011 ABSTRACT-Meaningful sentences are composed of travel dictionaries, dictionaries of idioms and meaningful words; any system that hopes to process natural colloquialisms, a guide to pronunciation, a grammar languages as people do must have information about words, reference, common phrases and collocations, and a their meaning and relative words in another language. This dictionary of foreign loan words information is traditionally provided through electronic dictionaries. But these dictionary entries evolved for the convenience of human readers, not for machines. So, machine MANIPURI LANGUAGE readable electronic dictionary becomes the central resources Manipuri, locally known as Meiteilon (the Meitei+lon for Natural Language applications. Dictionaries and other ‘language’), is spoken basically in the state of Manipur lexical resources are not yet widely available in electronic form which is in the north eastern india. It is also spoken in for Manipuri language. And there is no machine readable Assam, Tripura, Mizoram, Burma and Bangladesh. dictionary that can provide both of lexical resources and Manipuri is the only medium of communication among 29 conceptual information. This paper describes the ongoing different mother tongues. Hence it is regarded as lingua development of an Electronic Manipuri Bilingual dictionary. franca of Manipur state. Since 20 August 1992 Manipuri This implementation will provide a more effective combination become the first TB (Tibeto Burman) language to receive of traditional English-Manipuri bi-lingual lexicographic information and their conceptual information recognition as a schedule VIII language of India.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Writing
    Ancient Writing As early civilizations developed, societies became more complicated. Record keeping and communication demanded something beyond symbols and pictures to represent the spoken word. This resource explores the early writing systems of four ancient civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica. You'll also learn about the Rosetta Stone, the 19th-century discovery that gave scholars the key that unlocked the language of ancient Egypt. Grade Level: Grades 3-5 Collection: Ancient Art, East Asian Art, Egyptian Art, Pre-Columbian Art Culture/Region: America, China, Egypt Subject Area: History and Social Science, Science, Visual Arts Activity Type: Art in Depth HOW ANCIENT WRITING BEGAN… AND ENDED As early civilizations developed, societies became more complicated. Record keeping and communication demanded something beyond symbols and pictures to represent the spoken word. This gallery explores the early writing systems of four ancient civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica. Here you’ll also learn about the Rosetta Stone, the 19th-century discovery that gave scholars the key that unlocked the language of ancient Egypt. Why were writing systems developed? Communication – Sounds and speech needed to be visually represented. Correspondence – There was a desire to send notes, letters, and instructions. Recording – Bookkeeping tasks became important for counting crops, paying workers’ rations, and collecting taxes. Preservation – Personal stories, rituals, religious texts, hymns, literature, and history all needed to be recorded. Why did some writing systems disappear? Change – Corresponding cultures died out or were absorbed by others. Innovation – Newer, simpler systems replaced older systems. Conquest – Invaders or new rulers imposed their own writing systems. New Beginnings – New ways of writing developed with new belief systems.
    [Show full text]