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Strategies of Muslim Brotherhood Ideologues
The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy Institute for Policy and Strategy Strategies of Muslim Brotherhood Ideologues Dr. Israel Altman Submitted to: DOD/ONA Islamist Strategies Project Institute for Policy and Strategy, Herzliya Hudson Institute, Washington DC Project Leader: Dr. Shmuel Bar May 1, 2007 Content Executive Summary............................................................................................................ 1 Shaikh Yusuf al-Qaradhawi................................................................................................ 7 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 7 The Islamic State................................................................................................................. 7 Apostasy and Takfir.......................................................................................................... 10 On the Shi’ah .................................................................................................................... 11 Jihad .................................................................................................................................. 13 Confronting Christianity................................................................................................... 15 The Global Islamic Movement ......................................................................................... 16 Muslims in Western States -
Introduction
Notes Introduction 1. Maye Kassem. 1999. In the Guise of Democracy: Governance in Contem- porary Egypt (London: Ithaca Press); Eberhard Kienle. 2001. A Grand Delusion: Democracy and Economic Reform in Egypt (London: I. B. Tau- ris); Eva Bellin. 2002. Stalled Democracy: Capital, Labor, and the Paradox of State- Sponsored Development (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press); Jason Brownlee. 2007. Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press); Lisa Blaydes. 2011. Elections and Distributive Politics in Mubarak’s Egypt (Cambridge: Cambridge Uni- versity Press); Ellen Lust-Okar. 2004. “Divided They Rule: The Manage- ment and Manipulation of Political Opposition,” Journal of Democracy 36(2): 139– 56. 2. Barrington Moore. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (Boston: Beacon); Charles Moraz. 1968. The Triumph of the Middle Class (New York: Anchor); Eric Hobsbawm. 1969. Industry and Empire (Har- mondsworth: Penguin). 3. Bellin. 2002. 4. Nazih Ayubi. 1995. Over-Stating the Arab State: Politics and Society in the Middle East (London: I. B. Tauris). 5. Samuel Huntington. 1991. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press), p. 67. 6. Ray Bush. 2012. “Marginality or Abjection? The Political Economy of Pov- erty Production in Egypt,” in Marginality and Exclusion in Egypt, ed. Ray Bush and Habib Ayeb (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press), p. 66. 7. Bellin. 2002. 8. Amr Adly. 2009. “Politically- Embedded Cronyism: The Case of Egypt,” Busi- ness and Politics 11(4): 1– 28. 9. Bellin. 2002. 10. Adly. 2009. 11. The only Policies Secretariat meeting that Gamal Mubarak missed since the establishment of the Secretariat in 2002 was in March 2010 when he was accompanying his father in Germany for treatment. -
Mishandling Suicide Terrorism
Scott Atran Mishandling Suicide Terrorism The past three years saw more suicide attacks than the last quar- ter century. Most of them were religiously motivated. Repeated suicide ac- tions show that massive counterforce alone does not diminish the frequency or intensity of suicide attack. Like pounding mercury with a hammer, this sort of top-heavy counterstrategy only seems to generate more varied and insidious forms of suicide terrorism. Even with many top Al Qaeda leaders now dead or in custody, the transnational jihadist fraternity is transforming into a hydra-headed network more difficult to fight than before. Poverty and lack of education per se are not root causes of suicide terror- ism. Nor do Muslims who have expressed support for martyr actions and trust in Osama bin Laden or the late Hamas leader Sheikh Yassin as a rule hate democratic freedoms or Western culture, although many of these Mus- lims do despise U.S. foreign policy, especially in the Middle East. Rising aspi- rations followed by dwindling expectations, particularly regarding civil liberties, are critical factors in generating support for suicide terrorism. The United States, Israel, Russia, and other nations on the frontline in the war on terrorism need to realize that military and counterinsurgency ac- tions are tactical, not strategic, responses to suicide terrorism—the most po- litically destabilizing and psychologically devastating form of terrorism. When these nations back oppressive and unpopular governments (even those deemed “partners in the war on terror”), this only generates popular resentment and support for terrorism against those governments as well as their backers. To attract potential recruits away from jihadist martyrdom— suicide terrorism’s most virulent strain—and to dry up its popular support Scott Atran is a director of research at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris and an adjunct professor of psychology, anthropology, and natural resources at the University of Michigan. -
Egypt's Systematic Campaign Against Ngos Under Threat
Under Threat Egypt’s Systematic Campaign against NGOs March 2015 Under Threat Egypt’s Systematic Campaign against NGOs Todd Ruffner March 2015 © 2015 Project on Middle East Democracy. All rights reserved. The Project on Middle East Democracy (POMED) is a nonpartisan, nonprofit, Washington, D.C. based 501(c)(3) organization. The views represented here do not necessarily reflect the views of POMED, its staff, or its Board members. For electronic copies of this report, visit: http://pomed.org/pomed-publications/under-threat-egypts- ngo-community/ Limited print copies are also available. Project on Middle East Democracy 1611 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 300 Washington, D.C. 20009 www.pomed.org About the Author Todd Ruffner is POMED’s Advocacy Associate and Editor of the POMED Wire blog, the Weekly Wire digest, the Egypt Daily Update, the Iran Weekly Update, and the Bahrain Weekly Update. He has studied the Middle East since 2005, having lived and studied in both Cairo and Damascus. He previously served as a policy intern at POMED and the National Iranian American Council. Todd received his master’s degree from the Ohio State University’s Near Eastern Languages and Cultures Program with a concentration on Iran-Iraq border disputes in the 20th century, and his bachelor’s degree from Elon University with a focus on the Muslim Brotherhood during the presidency of Gamal Abdel Nasser. He is proficient in Persian and Arabic, having studied at the American University in Cairo and the University of Wisconsin-Madison’s Arabic, Persian, and Turkish Immersion program. About the Project on Middle East Democracy (POMED) The Project on Middle East Democracy is a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization dedicated to examining how genuine democracies can develop in the Middle East and how the U.S. -
Privatization in Egypt
PPrriivvaattiizzaattiioonn iinn EEggyypptt Quarterly Review April – June 2003 Privatization Implementation Project www.egyptpip.com Implemented by IBM Business Consulting Services Funded by USAID Quarterly Report January - March 2003 Privatization in Egypt Table of Contents A. PRIVATIZATION EFFORTS WITH LAW 203 COMPANIES............................8 B. DISSOLUTION OF THE HOLDING COMPANY FOR ENGINEERING INDUSTRIES..........................................................................................................9 C. PRIVATIZATION BY CAPITALIZATION – CURRENT STATUS..................11 1. Engineering Automotive Company (EAMC) ..................................................................12 2. EDFINA Company for Preserved Foods ........................................................................13 3. Kom Hamada Spinning Company.....................................................................................14 4. El Mahmodeya Spinning & Weaving Company ..............................................................15 5. El Nasr Company for Rubber Products (NARUBIN)...................................................16 6. El Nasr for Electric and Electronic Apparatus S.A.E. (NEEASAE)...........................17 7. The General Egyptian Company for Railway Wagons & Coaches (SEMAF) ............18 8. Dyestuffs and Chemicals Company...................................................................................19 D. LAW 203 TENDER ANNOUNCEMENTS......................................................... 20 E. SELECTED JOINT VENTURE -
SUSTAINABILITY INDEPENDENT MEDIA in the Middle East INDEX and North Africa 2009 MEDIA SUSTAINABILITY INDEX 2009
algeria egypt iraq jordan bahrain kuwait lebanon morocco libya oman palestine united arab emirates saudi arabia syria iraq-kurdistan tunisia iran qatar yemen DEVELOPMENT MEDIA OF SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABILITY INDEPENDENT MEDIA IN THE MIDDLE EAST INDEX AND NORTH AFRICA 2009 MEDIA SUSTAINABILITY INDEX 2009 The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in the Middle East and North Africa MEDIA SUSTAINABILITY INDEX 2009 The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in the Middle East and North Africa www.irex.org/msi Copyright © 2011 by IREX IREX 2121 K Street, NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20037 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: (202) 628-8188 Fax: (202) 628-8189 www.irex.org Project manager: Leon Morse Assistant editor: Dayna Kerecman Myers Copyeditors: Carolyn Feola de Rugamas, Carolyn.Ink; Kelly Kramer, WORDtoWORD Editorial Services; OmniStudio Design and layout: OmniStudio Printer: Westland Enterprises, Inc. Notice of Rights: Permission is granted to display, copy, and distribute the MSI in whole or in part, provided that: (a) the materials are used with the acknowledgement “The Media Sustainability Index (MSI) is a product of IREX with funding from USAID.”; (b) the MSI is used solely for personal, noncommercial, or informational use; and (c) no modifications of the MSI are made. Acknowledgment: This publication was made possible through support provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under Cooperative Agreement No. #DFD-A-00-05-00243 (MSI-MENA) via a Task Order by the Academy for Educational Development. Disclaimer: The opinions expressed herein are those of the panelists and other project researchers and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or IREX. -
PRINCE ALWALEED AMERICAN STUDIES CENTER ACTIVITIES and ACHIEVEMENTS September 2006 Through June 2011
PRINCE ALWALEED AMERICAN STUDIES CENTER ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS September 2006 through June 2011 OUR MISSION The mission of the center is to improve understanding between America and the Arab World. It will seek to be a central place for discussion of issues involving the US, Egypt, the Middle East, and the world. It will run an active public outreach program including student trips, media programs, public conferences, and symposia with Egyptian universities. On campus, it will also provide courses, lectures, documentaries, mentoring, hosting of Fulbright Scholars, and partnering with Egyptian and int’l organizations. It will also be active in publishing its results. OUR ACHIEVEMENTS OUTREACH • Reached more than one million people in Egypt and the Middle East with its programs. • Made 42 appearances on American, Egyptian, and Saudi television. • Ran nine student conferences and three conferences for the Egyptian public. • Led 30 AUC students and faculty members on three field trips to Washington, DC. • Implemented a year-long exchange program between AUC and Rice University. • Organized or participated in six press conferences. • Trained 38 Egyptian journalists on the 2008 American elections. • Gave 19 public talks in Egypt, the US, Britain, Albania, and Lebanon. • Presented 48 documentaries with discussions for 1,200 people. • Helped to get global warming onto the AUC agenda and the public agenda in Egypt. • Worked cross-culturally with 16 Egyptian national universities. • Organized five videoconferences with US and Middle Eastern universities. • Took field trips to US Embassy, USAID, Alexandria, Suez Canal, Arab League, museums. • Worked with five Alwaleed centers, six universities, eight NGOs, five media organizations. -
Mohamed Hossam-Eddin Ismail
Mohamed Hossam-Eddin Ismail Phone: +20112550526| +20233370137 E-mail (Personal): [email protected] E-mail (professional): : [email protected] Profile Full Professor, freelancer, author, academic referee and media studies programs' coordinator for more than 20 years of extensive experience at Faculty of Mass Communication, Cairo University and some Arab Universities. Teaching materials and deliver modules for both the undergraduate & post graduate programs within the department of Journalism delivering TOT courses in & out Cairo University campus. Coordinating the program of Electronic Masters of Mass Communication, Cairo University. https://www.linkedin.com/in/mohamed-hossam-97570758/ http://scholar.cu.edu.eg/?q=mohamedhossam/ Employment Record March 2017 - Present Full-Time professor (I) Faculty of Mass Communication, Cairo university http://masscomm.cu.edu.eg/en Responsibilities Teaching materials and deliver modules for both the undergraduate & post graduate programs within the department of journalism. Supervising a number of M.A & PhD thesis & dissertations. Delivering TOT courses in & out Cairo University campus. Trying to conduct genuine media cultural studies related to faculty research centers. Professional practice & other scholarly activities in support of the faculty’s research strategy. Promoting the courses of Electronic Maters of Mass Communication program, Cairo University as well as planning for fully-electronic Black Board system of the program. October 2011 - March 2017 Full-Time Associate Professor (I)Faculty of Mass Communication, Cairo university; (II) College of Applied Sciences, Ministry of Higher Education, Oman, (III) Referee and Reader Responsibilities (I) Coordinate Graduate Studies and Research Criterion, Faculty of Mass Comm., Cairo University, 2013/2014. Perform extensive research activities aimed at the creation of teaching materials/ Curriculums and deliver modules for both the Undergraduate & postgraduate programs. -
Privatization in Egypt
PPrriivvaattiizzaattiioonn iinn EEggyypptt Quarterly Review October - December 2002 Issued January 2003 Privatization Implementation Project www.egyptpip.com Implemented by IBM Business Consulting Services Funded by USAID Quarterly Report October - December 2002 Privatization in Egypt Table of Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS..................................................................................................................3 I INTRODUCTION................................................................................................4 II MINISTRY OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISE ............................................................6 II.1 Important Activities with Law 203 and JV Companies ...............................................6 II.2 Alternative Method for Privatization..............................................................................7 II.3 Tender Announcements ...................................................................................................8 II.4 Privatization to Date..........................................................................................................8 II.5 Portfolio Analysis.............................................................................................................10 III QUARTERLY ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL OVERVIEW.................... 16 III.1 New Laws and Regulations ............................................................................................16 III.2 Development In Financial Sectors................................................................................16 -
Independent Midterm Evaluation of Promoting the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and Social Dialogue in Egypt
Independent Midterm Evaluation of Promoting the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and Social Dialogue in Egypt International Labour Organization Project Number: EGY/07/03/USA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report describes in detail the mid-term evaluation, conducted during October 2010, of Promoting the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and Social Dialogue in Egypt. The report was prepared by ICF Macro, according to agreements specified in its contract with the U.S. Department of Labor (USDOL) Office of Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking (OCFT). The evaluation of Promoting the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and Social Dialogue in Egypt was conducted and documented by Andrea Prince, an independent evaluator in collaboration with USDOL/OCFT staff, the Promoting the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and Social Dialogue in Egypt project team, and stakeholders in Egypt. ICF Macro would like to express sincere thanks to all parties involved in this evaluation: the independent evaluator, International Labour Organization (ILO) and its partners, and U.S. Department of Labor. Funding for this evaluation was provided by the United States Department of Labor under Task Order number DOLB089K28215. Points of view or opinions in this evaluation report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United States Department of Labor, nor does the mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the United States Government. ~Page iii~ TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -
Sudan Has Been Ruled by an Authoritarian Military Regime With
Sudan Sudan has been ruled by an authoritarian military regime with religious underpinnings since 1989, when Omar al-Bashir staged a military coup to overthrow the elected civilian government headed by Sadiq al-Mahdi, leader of the Umma Party. Bashir then dissolved all political parties and civil society groups, with the exception of religious groups, and brought unions under the administrative control of “steering committees” headed by individuals who were closely linked to the new regime. Members of the political opposition, union leaders, and human rights defenders were severely harassed, including through arbitrary arrest and torture in secret detention centers known as “ghost houses.” Despite the more recent resurgence of political parties and civic activity after having been banned for many years, the Bashir regime continued to use repressive tactics to curtail the political opposition and employed legislation which violates the right to freedom of association to clamp down on civil society organizations. The licenses of a number of human rights organizations were revoked, and activists continued to face arrest and unfair trials. Freedom of expression in Sudan continued to face repression as well, particularly through the imposition of security censorship on newspapers, confiscation of publications, and the prosecution of journalists in recent years. (307) The Bashir regime sought to ensure its ability to remain in power by stirring up and exploiting conflicting tribal loyalties and inciting certain tribes against its political opponents in order to erode their traditional centers of support. This was seen most clearly in Darfur and in southern Sudan, where such policies led to a massive failure to address problems arising from ethnic and religious diversity and thwarted all chances for national integration, giving way instead to armed conflicts which have led to massive casualties and the displacement of millions over the past ten years. -
Operation Enduring Freedom:* Legal Dimensions of an Infinitely Just Operation1
OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM:* LEGAL DIMENSIONS OF AN INFINITELY JUST OPERATION1 DR. BARRY A. FEINSTEIN** Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION .................................. 202 II. BACKGROUND ................................... 209 A. Suicide Terrorist Attacks Linked to Osama bin Laden and al-Qa’ida ....................... 209 B. Connection of Osama bin Laden and al-Qa’ida with Afghanistan ..................... 216 C. Goals, Ideology, and Methods of Osama bin Laden and al-Qa’ida ....................... 217 D. Diplomatic/Peaceful Means Used in Attempts to Halt Terrorist Activities of Osama bin Laden and al-Qa’ida ................................ 255 III. THE OBLIGATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITY OF AFGHANISTAN ACTING IN COMPLICITY WITH TERRORISTS AND TERROR ORGANIZATIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW .......... 258 * The scope of this article is limited to a consideration of legal issues related to the use of armed force by the United States (“U.S.”) in States harboring, sheltering, supporting, aiding or abetting terrorists in the wake of the September 11, 2001 airline hijacking and subsequent airline suicide terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington and the hijacked suicide airline crash in rural Pennsylvania. The article does not purport to consider or examine moral, strategic or political aspects of American actions. A number of people who assisted in the preparation of this article deserve commendatory mention, particularly Naomi Kessler-Feinstein, Fortunee Habib, Rachel Kuglemass, David Kessler, Alon Mazaud, and Ari Finkelstein, Esq. Also, I would like to thank Professor David Koplow and Professor Steven Feinstein for their thoughts and inspiration, and Professor Jose’ Faur and Naftali Nahum for sharing with me their wisdom and insight. The opinions expressed herein by the author reflect his personal views alone and in no way are meant to represent official positions of any institution or entity, governmental or otherwise.