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Glossary of Arabic Terms GLOSSARY OF ARABIC TERMS Al-Adou Al-Baeed far enemy (the United States and the West) Al-Adou Al-Qareeb near enemy (apostate Muslim rulers) Al-da’wa religious call Al-amn Al-markazi Security Force Al-Da’wa Al-Salafeyya The Salafst Call Al-Salafyya ‘ilmiyya scientifc Salafsm Al-Salafyya Al-Saalah or liquid Salafsm is an expression to non- affliated Salafsts Al-dawla Al-madaniya civil state Al-Faridah Al-Ghaibah Absent (or Forgotten) Duty Al-Gama`a Al-Islamiyya The Islamic Group Al-hakimiya God’s sovereignty Al-Haya Al-Shariyya lil-Haquq wa-l Islah Islamic Legitimate Body of Rights and Reformation al-iktifa’a al-thati seeking self-suffciency Al-jahiliya state of divine ignorance Ajjanad Miser Egypt Soldiers Group al-jihaz al-sirri secret paramilitary unit, the Special Apparatus or Secret Unit Al-sama’ wata’a hear and obey, total obedience Al-Tabri’a The Exoneration Al-Takfr Wal-Hijra Excommunication and Exodus ach 'amal working brother © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 261 A.A.-D. Arafat, The Rise of Islamism in Egypt, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53712-2 262 GLOSSARY OF ARABIC TERMS Afghan Arabs veterans of the Afghan war Ikhwanisiation Arabic for Brotherhoodization, is a process by which the Muslim Brotherhood members enter and perhaps even dominate off- cial institutions Ansar Al-Jihad Supporters of Holy War Asma’ wa al-sifat unity of Allah’s names and attributes Bid’ah religious innovation that has occurred since the time of prophet Mohamed Baraka blessing Caliph pan-Islamic ruler Caliphate centralized Islamic authority that dominated most Islamic state until it was abolished by Turkey in 1924 Dawa Proselytizing Emir prince, leader Fatwa religious edict or ruling Fiqh Islamic jurisprudence Fitna sedition ḥarām forbidden in Islam Hadiths Prophetic traditions Halal permissible to use or engage in according to Shari’a Halaqat study circles Hizb Al-Tayar Al-Masri The Egyptian Current Party Hizb Al-Tahrir Al-Masry Liberation Party Hizb Al-Nahda Al-Misri The Egyptian Renaissance Party hizb Al-kanba the "couch party", mainstream Egyptians Hisbah the right of the government to force citizens to abide by Islamic law Hizbiyya partisanship Hudud Shari’a corporal punishment Imamat Caliphate Jama‘a Islamic group or society Jama’t al-Muslimin Society of Muslims Jihad armed struggle Jihadi radical Muslim fghter Jizya special tax paid by Christians and Jews as a return for not perform- ing military service. It has been abolished in all Islamic states Intifada uprising Ijtihad individual’s effort at interpretation Kefaya Enough GLOSSARY OF ARABIC TERMS 263 Kufar infdels Kufr apostasy or polytheism Ma‘lim f al-Tariq milestones mabahes amn al-dawla State Security Investigations Services Majles Shura Al-Ulamaa Council of Scholars Manhaj ideology or method or a belief system manhaj tarbawî program of education mujahid, mujahedeen Islamic fghters Musharaka one of the Islamic fnance system, where profts or losses are split between both lenders and borrowers riba usury Salaf pious ancestors Salaf a person belonged to Salafsm Shahid martyr Sharia Islamic law Shura consultation Shura Council Consultative Council Sunna all the deeds and words of the Prophet, second in importance to the Qur’an Tafsir Qur’anic exegesis Takfr the practice of excommunication of Muslims Tashih Al-Mafahim Correcting Conceptions Tawhid affrmation of the oneness of God Tawhid ‘ubudiyya unity of worship tawhid rububiyya unity of lordship Tawhid wa-l-Jihad Monotheism and Holy War Taqnin to institutionalization Ulama religious scholars Ummah or Omah Islamic nation or the Muslim community worldwide Usar families Waqf an Islamic personal charity tradition Wahhabiya Wahhabism, it is a puritanical religious doctrine founded by the eighteenth century evangelist Muhammad b. Abd al-Wahhab in Saudi Arabia BIBLIOGRAPHY English and French Books Al-Sulami, Mishal Fahm. 2003. The West and Islam: Western Liberal Democracy Versus the System of Shura. London: Taylor & Francis. Arafat, Alaa Al-Din. 2009. The Mubarak Leadership and the Future of Democracy in Egypt. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Calvert, John. 2010. Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islamism. London: Hurst & Company. Cook, Steven A. 2007. Ruling But Not Governing, The Military and Political Development in Egypt, Algeria, and Turkey. John Hopkins University Press. Diamond, Larry, and Plattner, Marc F. (eds). 1996. Civil–Military Relations and Democracy. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press. Feaver, Peter D. 2003. Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil–Military Relations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Gerges, Fawaz. 2005. The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Huntington, Samuel P. 1957. The Soldier and the State: Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. New York: Vintage Books. Kepel, Gilles. 1984. Muslim Extremism in Egypt: The Prophet and Pharaoh. Berkeley: University of California Press. Sageman, Marc. 2004. Understanding Terror Networks. University of Pennsylvania Press. Sallam, Hesham (ed). 2013. Egypt’s Parliamentary Elections, 2011–2012: A Critical Guide to a Changing Political Arena. Washington, DC: Tadween Publishing. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017 265 A.A.-D. Arafat, The Rise of Islamism in Egypt, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53712-2 266 BIBLIOGRAPHY Stepan, Alfred. 1988. Rethinking Military Politics, Brazil and Southern Cone. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Arabic Articles and Books Abdel-‘Al, Ali. The Political Thought of the Salafst Parties, Al-Shari’a in the Political Programs of the Egyptian Salafst Parties: Al-Shari’a in Al-Nour Party Program. Onislam Website. Available at: http://www.onislam.net/arabic/ madarik/culture-ideas/134515-egyptian-salaf.html. Abdel-‘Al, Ali. 2008. Salafsts and Al-Nass (The People) Satellite Chanel. May 9, 2008. Available at: http://www.grenc.com/a/Aabdelal/show_Myarticle. cfm?id 12347. = Abdel-‘Al. The Salafst Initiative for Reform, Ideological Vision. Available at: http://www.muslm.net/vb/showthread.php?t 367836. = Awada, Jihad. 2010. The Culture of the Liberal State. Cairo: Egyptian-Lebanese Publishing House. Borhamy, Yasser. 2008. Salafsm and Politics: Political Participation and Balance of Power. Available at: http://salf-msr.maktoobblog.com/95732. Farghali, Maher. 2012. Abou Ismael and the Revolutionary Salafsts. Elaph, April 10, 2012. Available at: http://www.elaph.com/Web/opinion/ 2012/4/728506.html. Monib, Abdel-Moneim. 2010. Egyptian Islamic Movements Guide. Cairo: Madboli Publishing House. Roshdi, Rami. 2012. The Salafst Coup d’ Etate Against the MB. Rose Al-Yousseff, December 1. Salem, Ahmed (Abou Feher). 2011. Salafsts Political Participation Between Choice and Constraint. In Salafsts Political Options, ed. A. Ahmed, 72–78. Cairo: Arabic Center for Humanity Studies. Shalata, Ahmed Zaghloul. 2011. The Contemporary Salafst Case in Egypt. Cairo: Madbouli Publishing House. Tammam, Hossam. Salafst Satellite. Available at: http://islamyoon.islamonline. net. Yossari, Mohamed. 2008. Islamist Satellite: Challenges and Ambitions. Contemporary Visions Series, No. 8, December 2008. Cairo: Arab Center for Humanity Studies. Zaghaloual, Ahmed, Hassan, Salah Al-Din. The Salafst Parties in Egypt, Does Politics Lighten the Sharpness of their Discourse? Available: http://www. -بازحأ:islamyun.net/index.php?option com_k2&view item&id 900 = = = //:Itemid 157http&؟باطخلا-ةدح-ةيسايسلا-ففخت-له-رصم-يف-ةيفلسلا = -بازحأ:www.islamyun.net/index.php?option com_k2&view item&id 900 = = = .Itemid 157&؟باطخلا-ةدح-ةيسايسلا-ففخت-له-رصم-يف-ةيفلسلا = BIBLIOGRAPHY 267 English Journal Articles Abdalla, Nadine. 2014. Social Protest and Subsidy Removal in Egypt: Future Scenarios. Arab Reform Initiative, Alternative Policies, August 2014. Abdel-latif, Omayma. 2009. Trends in Salafsm. Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) and Fundación para las Relaciones Internacionales y el Diálogo Exterior (FRIDE). Abdel, Meguid et al. 2011. The Economic Causes of the Egyptians Revolution January 25, 2011. Cairo: The American University in Cairo, Fall 2011. Abdul Latif, Umaima. 2012. Salafsts and Politics in Egypt. Doha: Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies Case Analysis, January 2012. Abed Rabbo, Ahamed. 2011. Egyptian Political Parties and Parliamentary Election 2011/2012. Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies, Commentary Series, December 2011. Abul-Magd, Zeinab. 2013. USA Military Aid to Egypt Lost Value. Jadaliyya, Jul 25, 2013. Available at: http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/13186/us- military-aid-to-egypt-lost-value. Aclimandos, Tawfq. 2010. The Muslim Brotherhood and political change in Egypt. In Islamist Mass Movements, External Actors and Political Change in the Arab World. A Research Report by the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 51–68, IDEA. Aclimandos, Tewfk. 2011. Egyptian Army: Defning a New Political and Social Pact. Al-Jazeera Center for Studies, 24 February 2011. Aclimandos, Tewfck. 2012. Healing without Amputating? Security Reform in Egypt. In Arab Reform Projects, Securitocracies and Security Sector Reform, September 2012. Aissa, El-Hassane (Lieutenant Colonel). 2012. The Arab Spring Consequences and Implications. United States Army War College, 2012. Al-Ali, Zaid. 2012. The New Egyptian Constitution: An Initial Assessment of its Merits and Flaws. Open Democracy, December 26, 2012. Available at: http://www.opendemocracy.net/print/70140. Al-Anani, Khalil. 2009a. Jihadi Revisionism: Will it Save the World? Brandeis University. The
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