DOCSLIB.ORG

Islam and Democracy: an Empirical Examiniation of Muslims' Political Culture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Islam and Democracy: an Empirical Examiniation of Muslims' Political Culture Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 6-2004 Islam and Democracy: An Empirical Examiniation of Muslims' Political Culture Moataz Bellah Mohamed Abdel Fattah Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Fattah, Moataz Bellah Mohamed Abdel, "Islam and Democracy: An Empirical Examiniation of Muslims' Political Culture" (2004). Dissertations. 1098. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/1098 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINIATION OF MUSLIMS' POLITICAL CULTURE by Moataz Bellah Mohamed Abdel Fattah A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan June 2004 ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF MUSLIMS' POLITICAL CULTURE Moataz Bellah Mohamed Abdel Fattah, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2004 This dissertation focuses on the following empirical puzzle: Do the attitudes of ordinary educated Muslims stand as an obstacle toward the adoption of democracy? This research question calls for empirical/behavioral methodological tools that bring into focus contemporary Muslims' attitudes rather than ancient jurists' contributions. In other words, the dissertation shifts attention from ancient Islamic texts to contemporary Muslims' mindsets through written and web-based surveys in 32 Muslim societies. At the aggregate level, Muslim societies perplex with two types of sub-cultures: the culture of "dictator, but…" and the culture of "democracy-as-a-must." The former is the sub-culture of two groups of Muslims: 1) Traditionalist Islamists who argue that a just autocratic ruler who abides by sharia/Islamic legislation and defends its tenets is the most legitimate ruler ever. 2) Autocratic secularists who argue in favor of a Hobbesenian ruler who maintains the state's sovereignty and defends it against its foreign enemies. In both cases, Muslims behave as rational actors who find that the advantages of having an autocratic ruler outweigh having a democratically elected one. The "democracy-as-a-must" sub-culture is the one that is adopted by modernist Islamists and liberal secularists. Modernist Islamists find democracy consummating Islamic teachings that fight dictatorship and ensure pluralism in society. Liberal secularists find democracy as the core component of modernity that should be adopted on secular grounds. At the individual level, the dissertation finds that Muslims are too heterogeneous to be studied in a lump-sum way of thinking. Not all secular Muslims are liberal and not all Islamists are anti-democracy. Some Muslim countries’ political cultures are compatible with democracy while others are clear obstacles to democratization. Seemingly unrelated regression models suggest that socio-economic, demographic and cultural factors have different types of impact on Muslims' attitudes toward democratic hardware and software across societies. UMI Number: 3142201 UMI Microform 3142201 Copyright 2005 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 Copyright by Moataz Bellah Mohamed Abdel Fattah 2004 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people contributed hours of their time in my pursuit of the data, information, opinions, and experiences that form the central elements of this dissertation. I cannot, unfortunately, mention the names of some people and research centers that have been extremely helpful in discussing and/or facilitating the access to some of the material and respondents of this project. I have to thank Dr. Mustapha Kamel al-Sayyid, Dr. Kamal al-Monouffi, Dr. Saif El- deen Abdlefattah, Dr. Hassan Nafa'a, Dr. Nazli Mou'awad, Dr. Hazem Hussni, and Dr. Nadia Mostapha of Cairo University; Dr. Ahmad Yossef Ahmad and Nevin Moussa'd of the Arab League's Institute of Arab Studies contributed their times and efforts to this project. I am also highly thankful to the great intellectuals and scholars who were generous enough to dedicate some of their time to respond to my questions and examine my work such as Mohamed Omara, Tareq al-Bishri, Mohamed Salim al-'Awa, Ref'at al-Sa'eed, Sa'eed al-Ashmawi, Iqbal Baraka, and Hassan Hanafi. Moreover, I wish to acknowledge and give special thanks to the professors, intellectuals, researchers and employees of thirteen academic and Islamic research centers in Egypt, Iran, Turkey, the Sudan, Libya, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, Pakistan and Bangladesh who have worked so hard to help me in administering the surveys, conduct the focus-group discussions, and interview the intellectual and religious elites. Most notably I have to thank the staff and researchers of the Middle East Research Council in Beirut, the Institute of Arab Studies of the Arab League, and the Center for the Study of Developing Countries for their generous financial and academic support. My special thanks to Dr. K. Radi and other five anonymous professors and researcher in Tehran University,; Mr. Fahd Mahrani, Mazyad al-Omair and eleven anonymous scholars and intellectual of Saudi Arabia; Mr. Abdulhaq al-Jundi and two Syrian intellectuals, Dr. Marawan Tabara of Lebanon, No'aman Rahim, Khaled Jamil and six anonymous scholars and intellectuals of Pakistan, Mohamd al-Ameen, Abu Bakr Sokkho and Jebreil Safair of Senegal, Safi Moeyn and Hamid Yassein of Morocco, Anees Sobah, Karim Galil and Sa'eed Salim of Algeria, for their extensive and detailed suggestions for improving the initial survey and reviewing the final versions. Many friends and colleagues deserve all the credit for their moral and logistical support such as Dr. Ahmad Shrief, Dr. Mohamed al-Mahdi, Dr. Ashraf Eid, and Dr. Mohamad Gaber. At the Department of Political Science, Western Michigan University, I found extremely helpful and healthy academic environment that enabled me to explore difficult questions and serious issues about the relationship between Islam and democracy. Methodologically, I have to acknowledge Dr. Kevin Corder who was the first to introduce me to quantitative analysis. Besides, I was honored to benefit from Dr. Corder's thorough and deep review of the methodological aspects of this project. In terms of the theoretical and philosophical discussions of democratic norms and praxes, I am speechlessly indebted to Dr. Emily Hauptmann's discussions and comments on my work. I really appreciate everything she does for all the graduate students at the Department of Political Science. ii Acknowledgments — Continued I am very thankful to Dr. Adam Sabra's acceptance of being a member of my dissertation committee. His comments gave me confidence and encouragement to carry on the research. Undoubtedly, I am most indebted to my mentor and the chairperson of my dissertation committee, Dr. Jim Butterfield, whose effort, guidance, patience and wealth of knowledge have contributed the most to complete this work. Dr. Butterfield, thank you very much. I am honored to have you as my main advisor. I have to finally thank my wife, Ghada, and my children, Zina and Adham, for allowing me the time to travel and work freely to complete this project. My wife, Ghada, deserves special thanks for her kind and generous support both emotionally and practically. I am most grateful to her allowing me to make the best use of her statistical skills. Last but not least, I am thankful to Allah for all the blessings He bestowed upon me, al- Hamd li-Allah. Moataz Bellah Mohamed Abdel Fattah iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................................................ii LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................................................................................vii List Of FIGURES ..........................................................................................................................................................viii Chapter I Theoretical and Methodoloigcal Considerations .....................................................................................1 1. Literature Review.................................................................................................................................................... 3 a. Islam and Autocracy: Causation or Correlation?.......................................................................................... 3 b. The Relevance of Political Culture.................................................................................................................. 9 2. Data, Operationalization, Hypotheses and Measures....................................................................................... 9 a. The Sample and its Limitations.....................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Tradition of Ancient Greek Democracy and Its Importance for Modem Democracy
    DEMOCRAC AHMOKPATI The Tradition of Ancient Greek Democracy and its Importance for Modern Democracy Mogens Herman Hansen The Tradition of Ancient Greek Democracy and its Importance for Modem Democracy B y M ogens H erman H ansen Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser 93 Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters Copenhagen 2005 Abstract The two studies printed here investigate to what extent there is a con­ nection between ancient and modem democracy. The first study treats the tradition of ancient Greek democracy, especially the tradition of Athenian democracy from ca. 1750 to the present day. It is argued that in ideology there is a remarkable resemblance between the Athenian democracy in the Classical period and the modem liberal democracy in the 19th and 20th centuries. On the other hand no direct tradition con­ nects modem liberal democracy with its ancient ancestor. Not one single Athenian institution has been copied by a modem democracy, and it is only from ca. 1850 onwards that the ideals cherished by the Athenian democrats were referred to approvingly by modem cham­ pions of democracy. It is in fact the IT technology and its potential for a return to a more direct form of democracy which has given rise to a hitherto unmatched interest in the Athenian democratic institutions. This is the topic of the second study in which it is argued that the focus of the contemporary interest is on the Athenian system of sortition and rotation rather than on the popular assembly. Contents The Tradition of Democracy from Antiquity to the Present Time .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hadith and Its Principles in the Early Days of Islam
    HADITH AND ITS PRINCIPLES IN THE EARLY DAYS OF ISLAM A CRITICAL STUDY OF A WESTERN APPROACH FATHIDDIN BEYANOUNI DEPARTMENT OF ARABIC AND ISLAMIC STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW Thesis submitted for the degree of Ph.D. in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Glasgow 1994. © Fathiddin Beyanouni, 1994. ProQuest Number: 11007846 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11007846 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 M t&e name of &Jla&, Most ©racious, Most iKlercifuI “go take to&at tfje iHessenaer aikes you, an& refrain from to&at tie pro&tfuts you. &nO fear gJtati: for aft is strict in ftunis&ment”. ©Ut. It*. 7. CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................4 Abbreviations................................................................................................................ 5 Key to transliteration....................................................................6 A bstract............................................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Irak Og Global Jihadisme Økonomi Og Politikk I Saudi-Arabia Miljømerking Og Bærekraft Ny Tid I Dansk UD Norge, Thailand Og Kina I 1971
    [4·05] Internasjonal politikk Irak og global jihadisme Økonomi og politikk i Saudi-Arabia Miljømerking og bærekraft Ny tid i dansk UD Norge, Thailand og Kina i 1971 Nr. 4 - 2005 63. Årgang Norwegian Institute Norsk of International Utenrikspolitisk Affairs Institutt Utgiver: NUPI Copyright: © Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt 2005 Redaktør: Birgitte Kjos Fonn Bokmeldingsred.: Halvard Leira Red.sekr.: Jan Risvik Red.utvalg: Torgeir Larsen, Henrik Thune, Bent Sofus Tranøy, Ståle Ulriksen Red.råd: Helge Blakkisrud, Torkel Brekke, Laila Bokhari, Karin Dokken, Gro Holm, Lars Mjøset, Iver B. Neumann, Knut G. Nustad, Jarle Simensen, Stein Tønnesson, Nils Morten Udgaard Manus: Sendes elektronisk til: [email protected] Vennligst bruk malen på 3. omslagsside. Alle synspunkter i Internasjonal politikk står for forfatternes regning og kan ikke tillegges Norsk Utenrikspolitisk Institutt. Internasjonal politikk er Indeksert i The International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, International Political Science Abstracts og Gale Directory of Publications and Broadcast Media Medlem av Norsk Tidsskriftforening: www.tidsskriftforeningen.no Internasjonal politikk: 4 hefter i året Abonnement 2004: NOK 360 (innen Norden) NOK 480 (utenfor Norden) Enkelthefter: NOK 115 (+ porto/eksp.) Bestilling: www.nupi.no/Norsk/Publikasjoner/Bestilling/ Tel.: 22 99 40 00 Fax: 22 36 21 82 E-post: [email protected] Internett: www.nupi.no Adresse: Postboks 8159 Dep. 0033 Oslo Besøksadresse: C.J. Hambros plass 2 Design: Ole Dahl-Gulliksen Trykk: Hegland trykkeri as, Flekkefjord Omslagsbilde: Scanpix [4] Innhold 347 Forord: Irak-krigen og global jihadisme Birgitte Kjos Fonn 351 Irak-konflikten i radikal islamistisk ideologi Thomas Hegghammer 371 Saudi-Arabia − økonomisk pusterom under politisk usikkerhet Ådne Cappelen & Robin Choudhury 395 Miljømerking og bærekraftig fiskeri- og skog- forvaltning Lars H.
    [Show full text]
  • PSCI 5113 / EURR 5113 Democracy in the European Union Mondays, 11:35 A.M
    Carleton University Fall 2019 Department of Political Science Institute of European, Russian and Eurasian Studies PSCI 5113 / EURR 5113 Democracy in the European Union Mondays, 11:35 a.m. – 2:25 p.m. Please confirm location on Carleton Central Instructor: Professor Achim Hurrelmann Office: D687 Loeb Building Office Hours: Mondays, 3:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m., and by appointment Phone: (613) 520-2600 ext. 2294 Email: [email protected] Twitter: @achimhurrelmann Course description: Over the past seventy years, European integration has made significant contributions to peace, economic prosperity and cultural exchange in Europe. By contrast, the effects of integration on the democratic quality of government have been more ambiguous. The European Union (EU) possesses more mechanisms of democratic input than any other international organization, most importantly the directly elected European Parliament (EP). At the same time, the EU’s political processes are often described as insufficiently democratic, and European integration is said to have undermined the quality of national democracy in the member states. Concerns about a “democratic deficit” of the EU have not only been an important topic of scholarly debate about European integration, but have also constituted a major argument of populist and Euroskeptic political mobilization, for instance in the “Brexit” referendum. This course approaches democracy in the EU from three angles. First, it reviews the EU’s democratic institutions and associated practices of citizen participation: How
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia.Pdf
    A saudi man with his horse Performance of Al Ardha, the Saudi national dance in Riyadh Flickr / Charles Roffey Flickr / Abraham Puthoor SAUDI ARABIA Dec. 2019 Table of Contents Chapter 1 | Geography . 6 Introduction . 6 Geographical Divisions . 7 Asir, the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �7 Rub al-Khali and the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Hejaz, the Western Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Nejd, the Central Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 The Eastern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Topographical Divisions . .. 9 Deserts and Mountains � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Climate . .. 10 Bodies of Water . 11 Red Sea � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Persian Gulf � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Wadis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Major Cities . 12 Riyadh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �12 Jeddah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �13 Mecca � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
    [Show full text]
  • Wien Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna
    Institut für Höhere Studien (IHS), Wien Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna Reihe Politikwissenschaft / Political Science Series No. 45 The End of the Third Wave and the Global Future of Democracy Larry Diamond 2 — Larry Diamond / The End of the Third Wave — I H S The End of the Third Wave and the Global Future of Democracy Larry Diamond Reihe Politikwissenschaft / Political Science Series No. 45 July 1997 Prof. Dr. Larry Diamond Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-6010 USA e-mail: [email protected] and International Forum for Democratic Studies National Endowment for Democracy 1101 15th Street, NW, Suite 802 Washington, DC 20005 USA T 001/202/293-0300 F 001/202/293-0258 Institut für Höhere Studien (IHS), Wien Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna 4 — Larry Diamond / The End of the Third Wave — I H S The Political Science Series is published by the Department of Political Science of the Austrian Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS) in Vienna. The series is meant to share work in progress in a timely way before formal publication. It includes papers by the Department’s teaching and research staff, visiting professors, students, visiting fellows, and invited participants in seminars, workshops, and conferences. As usual, authors bear full responsibility for the content of their contributions. All rights are reserved. Abstract The “Third Wave” of global democratization, which began in 1974, now appears to be drawing to a close. While the number of “electoral democracies” has tripled since 1974, the rate of increase has slowed every year since 1991 (when the number jumped by almost 20 percent) and is now near zero.
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Psychology
    Islamic Psychology Islamic Psychology or ilm an-nafs (science of the soul) is an important introductory textbook drawing on the latest evidence in the sub-disciplines of psychology to provide a balanced and comprehensive view of human nature, behaviour and experience. Its foundation to develop theories about human nature is based upon the writings of the Qur’an, Sunnah, Muslim scholars and contemporary research findings. Synthesising contemporary empirical psychology and Islamic psychology, this book is holistic in both nature and process and includes the physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions of human behaviour and experience. Through a broad and comprehensive scope, the book addresses three main areas: Context, perspectives and the clinical applications of applied psychology from an Islamic approach. This book is a core text on Islamic psychology for undergraduate and postgraduate students and those undertaking continuing professional development courses in Islamic psychology, psychotherapy and counselling. Beyond this, it is also a good supporting resource for teachers and lecturers in this field. Dr G. Hussein Rassool is Professor of Islamic Psychology, Consultant and Director for the Riphah Institute of Clinical and Professional Psychology/Centre for Islamic Psychology, Pakistan. He is accountable for the supervision and management of the four psychology departments, and has responsibility for scientific, educational and professional standards, and efficiency. He manages and coordinates the RICPP/Centre for Islamic Psychology programme of research and educational development in Islamic psychology, clinical interventions and service development, and liaises with the Head of the Departments of Psychology to assist in the integration of Islamic psychology and Islamic ethics in educational programmes and development of research initiatives and publication of research.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Studies Grade 7 Week of 4-6-20 1. Log Onto Clever with Your
    Social Studies Grade 7 Week of 4-6-20 1. Log onto Clever with your BPS username and password. 2. Log into Newsela 3. Copy and paste this link into your browser: https://newsela.com/subject/other/2000220316 4. Complete the readings and assignments listed. If you can’t access the articles through Newsela, they are saved as PDFs under the Grade 7 Social Studies folder on the BPSMA Learning Resources Site. They are: • Democracy: A New Idea in Ancient Greece • Ancient Greece: Democracy is Born • Green Influence on U.S. Demoracy Complete the following: Directions: Read the three articles in the text set. Remember, you can change the reading level to what is most comfortable for you. While reading, use the following protocols: Handling changes in your life is an important skill to gain, especially during these times. Use the following supports to help get the most out of these texts. Highlight in PINK any words in the text you do not understand. Highlight in BLUE anything that you have a question about. Write an annotation to ask your question. (You can highlight right in the article. Click on the word or text with your mouse. Once you let go of the mouse, the highlight/annotation box will appear on your right. You can choose the color of the highlight and write a note or question in the annotation box). Pre-Reading Activity: KWL: Complete the KWL Chart to keep your information organized. You may use the one below or create your own on a piece of paper. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OUDVcJA6hjcteIhpA0f5ssvk28WNBhlK/view Post-Reading Activity: After reading the articles, complete a Venn diagram to compare and contrast the democracy of Ancient Greece and the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategies of Muslim Brotherhood Ideologues
    The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy Institute for Policy and Strategy Strategies of Muslim Brotherhood Ideologues Dr. Israel Altman Submitted to: DOD/ONA Islamist Strategies Project Institute for Policy and Strategy, Herzliya Hudson Institute, Washington DC Project Leader: Dr. Shmuel Bar May 1, 2007 Content Executive Summary............................................................................................................ 1 Shaikh Yusuf al-Qaradhawi................................................................................................ 7 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 7 The Islamic State................................................................................................................. 7 Apostasy and Takfir.......................................................................................................... 10 On the Shi’ah .................................................................................................................... 11 Jihad .................................................................................................................................. 13 Confronting Christianity................................................................................................... 15 The Global Islamic Movement ......................................................................................... 16 Muslims in Western States
    [Show full text]
  • ACT Early Milestone Moments
    Milestone Moments Learn the Signs. Act Early. Learn the Signs. Act Early. www.cdc.gov/milestones 1-800-CDC-INFO Adapted from CARING FOR YOUR BABY AND YOUNG CHILD: BIRTH TO AGE 5, Fifth Edition, edited by Steven Shelov and Tanya Remer Altmann © 1991, 1993, 1998, 2004, 2009 by the American Academy of Pediatrics and You can follow your child’s development by watching how he or BRIGHT FUTURES: GUIDELINES FOR HEALTH SUPERVISION OF INFANTS, CHILDREN, AND ADOLESCENTS, Third she plays, learns, speaks, and acts. Edition, edited by Joseph Hagan, Jr., Judith S. Shaw, and Paula M. Duncan, 2008, Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics. Special acknowledgements to Susan P. Berger, PhD; Jenny Burt, PhD; Margaret Greco, MD; Katie Green, MPH, Look inside for milestones to watch for in your child and how you CHES; Georgina Peacock, MD, MPH; Lara Robinson, PhD, MPH; Camille Smith, MS, EdS; Julia Whitney, BS; and can help your child learn and grow. Rebecca Wolf, MA. Centers for Disease Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/milestones www.cdc.gov/milestones 1-800-CDC-INFO 1-800-CDC-INFO 220788 Milestone Moments How your child plays, learns, speaks, and acts offers important clues about your child’s development. Developmental milestones are things most children can do by a certain age. The lists that follow have milestones to look for when your child is: 2 Months ............................................................... page 3 – 6 Check the milestones your child has reached at each age. 4 Months ............................................................... page 7 –10 Take this with you and talk with your child’s doctor at every visit about the milestones your child has reached and what to 6 Months ..............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Qatar 2022™ Sustainability Strategy 3
    Sustainability Strategy 1 FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022TM Sustainability strategy 2 FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™ Sustainability Strategy 3 Contents Foreword by the FIFA Secretary General 4 Foreword by the Chairman of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 LLC and Secretary General of the Supreme Committee for Delivery & Legacy 6 Introduction 8 The strategy at a glance 18 Human pillar 24 Social pillar 40 Economic pillar 56 Environmental pillar 64 Governance pillar 78 Alignment with the UN Sustainable Development Goals 88 Annexe 1: Glossary 94 Annexe 2: Material topic definitions and boundaries 98 Annexe 3: Salient human rights issues covered by the strategy 103 Annexe 4: FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™ Sustainability Policy 106 4 FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™ Sustainability Strategy 5 Foreword © Getty Images by the FIFA Secretary General Sport, and football in particular, has a unique capacity The implementation of the FIFA World Cup Qatar We are also committed to delivering an inclusive As a former long-serving UN official, I firmly believe to inspire and spark the passion of millions of fans 2022™ Sustainability Strategy will be a central FIFA World Cup 2022™ tournament experience that in the power of sport, and of football in particular, around the globe. As the governing body of element of our work to realise these commitments is welcoming, safe and accessible to all participants, to serve as an enabler for the SDGs, and I am football, we at FIFA have both a responsibility and over the course of the next three years as we attendees and communities in Qatar and around personally committed to seeing FIFA take a leading a unique opportunity to harness the power of the prepare to proudly host the FIFA World Cup™ in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Economy of Development in the Middle East
    CHAPTER 3 The Political Economy of Development in the Middle East Melani Cammett and Ishac Diwan he Arab Spring has highlighted the profound economic grievances of citizens in Middle Eastern countries. Indistribute the ongoing uprisings, protestors have condemned their leaders for the lack of jobs, unequal distribution of Twealth, and crony capitalist networks acrossor the region, among other things. To be sure, the Arab protests and revolutions—like all social movements—have resulted from more than economic injustices, whether real or perceived. Economic factors, however, constitute a necessary component of any explanation for the Arab Spring. At a minimum, an understanding of the political economies of Middle East and North African (MENA) countriespost, suggests that it is difficult to separate the economic and political roots of the uprisings. Despite broad similarities in the economic challenges facing MENA countries, including high youth unemployment, limited opportunities for socioeconomic advancement, eroding systems of social protection, and underperforming econ- omies,1 copy,the precise nature and causes of economic problems vary from country to country. Thus, it is vital to establish a clear picture of cross-national variation in the political economies of the MENA countries. The Middle East encompasses notcountries with widely divergent economic structures and development trajectories. It is home to some of the richest countries in the world, including Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and the other oil-rich monarchies of the Gulf, and some of the poorest, such as Yemen, where poverty is on par with some Do sub-Saharan African countries. In the UAE, oil wealth helped to fuel a massive real estate boom, including the construction of an indoor ski slope and hotels built on man-made islands in the shape of a palm tree.
    [Show full text]