“Censorship” Is Back
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10 May 2021 “Censorship” is back How a free society is giving up freedom by Robert Seidel The brief explosive confrontation between the German population in order to participate in this Russian media group “Russia Today Deutschland” war.2 (RT DE) and German Foreign Minister Heiko Mass (SPD) in mid-March highlighted the alarming state … and Brussels of press freedom in the EU, especially in Germany. Subsequently, freedom of expression has been Behind this controversy lies the creeping introduc‐ systematically heckled implenting the EU struc‐ tion of a dictatorship of opinion. ture. On 19 April 2007, the Justice Ministers of the EU member states agreed that racism, anti- Selecting and judging information by yourself Semitism and genocide denial were criminal of‐ The goal is not to drive the Russian media group fences. The use of a term such as “racism” can out of Germany by means of an outright ban, but be and is now being broadened or reinterpreted through financial isolation. No other bank should according to political intent and used as a polit‐ open an account for RT after its account at Com‐ ical weapon. What might have looked reason‐ merzbank was shut down.1 able to some, at first, is now a leverage for turn‐ In addition to RT, many local, independent and ing political positions into criminal offences. At investigative journalists, such as Bernd Reit‐ the time, urgent warnings had been issued about schuster orKen Jebsen, who work in the internet, the consequences we are currently experien‐ find their lives made increasingly difficult. What cing.3 is the reason for this? Are German citizens no longer able to select and judge information by Stasi experience desirable themselves? Is the government afraid of certain Private or state-sponsored organisations, such kinds of information? These questions aim at as the Amadeu Antonio Stiftung4 – and therefore the very heart of any free society. not the judiciary – are now responsible for pro‐ secuting actual or alleged racist or anti-Semitic Top down: censorship comes via NATO... statements in Germany. The spectrum has also The TV news coverage of the 1999 Kosovo war been broadened to include so-called “hate can be described as a grave sin in German media speech”. By dragging people and organisations history. While the war, contrary to international into the blur of groups considered “radical” or ex‐ law, was increasingly being criticized in public pressing “unsavory” ideas in the future, this and losing popular support, the official spokes‐ foundation criminalizes them. In this way, the man of the Bundeswehr was replaced by Jamie foundation functions as a kind of primary “cen‐ Shea, a media specialist sent by NATO. From sorship authority”. Among others, Facebook is then on, the information was not only worthless one of its clients. This American company then in terms of content, but also highly manipulative. deletes the pages that are reprimanded by the In the early 2000s, critical reporting was still tol‐ foundation. erated in the public media. In 2001, for example, Interestingly enough, the Amadeu Foundation the Westdeutsche Rundfunk (WDR) broadcasted is headed by a person who was once an unoffi‐ the report “It all started with a lie”, detailing how cial collaborator of the Stasi.5 So, it seems, this leading politicians systematically deceived the lady not only has the necessary know-how, but she also enjoys the appropriate political protec‐ tion today.6 “The press must have the freedom to say everything, EU censorship authority so that some people don't have the freedom On the grounds that foreign powers (read: Rus‐ to do everything.” Alain Peyrefitte 1925–1999 sia, China) influence and affect civil societies through the media, further directives have been issued at EU level instructing governments to ban effect of censoring a message in an obscure certain news and press agencies or media way, with the operators of the major social me‐ portals. Two years ago, journalist and author dia thus ensuring that it is less widely distrib‐ Hannes Hofbauer already described the con‐ uted. This is a fairly effective form of censor‐ sequences we are seeing now: “Anyone who ship.”10 reads the 'Report on the implementation of the ac‐ tion plan against disinformation' presented by the The benefit of the doubt against the defendant European Commission on 14 June 2019 will be In recent years, it has been possible to observe appalled to discover that the establishing of an how arbitrarily “corrections” have been made.11 EU-wide censorship authority is already largely It is only through a tedious legal process that in‐ completed. Soon, according to the still some‐ ternet forum operators, accused of having pub‐ what hidden message, the dissemination of in‐ lished “inappropriate” messages, can defend formation that Brussels deems false and danger‐ themselves. This is a reversal of the principles ous will be punishable by sanctions up to an ac‐ of the rule of law: now it is up to the accused to count freeze and a travel ban.”7 prove his innocence.12 The fact that George Soros' institutions and other large private Facebook silences critics foundations are among Correctiv's backers In order to cover the entire web, internet plat‐ does not increase confidence in this “organisa‐ form operators have already been forced since tion”.13 2018 to exercise censorship themselves via the For some internet companies now involved in German Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG= the media or in politics, it is also convenient to Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz): “The law ob‐ be able to eliminate unwelcome competitors liges private social networks with more than two themselves, as was seen, for example, with the million users to remove or block access to 'obvi‐ closure of the news platform Parler in the ously ilicit content' within 24 hours of receiving United States. From one minute to the next, a complaint. For 'illicit contents', the deadline is 20 million users were arbitrarily, i.e. without a one week. If platforms such as Facebook, You‐ court decision, cut off by Google, Apple and Tube, Instagram, Twitter and Snapchat fail to Amazon.14 comply with the regulations, they face hor‐ rendous fines of up to 50 million euros.“8 For “Voluntary” self-regulation their part, Facebook, Google, etc. now hire In Germany, the media industry now carries out private companies that claim to be able to distin‐ direct censorship. The publishers' and journal‐ guish between “correct" and “incorrect” (read: “il‐ ists' associations allow themselves to be instru‐ licit”) opinions. mental in supporting and encouraging censor‐ ship through “voluntary self-regulation criteria” Mandated censors or “press codes”. Their originally reasonable One of them is the organisation Correctiv.This guidelines, have been adapted to the spirit of the organisation presents itself as follows: “Tar‐ times, i.e. to the current guidelines of the state. geted disinformation is used to divide our soci‐ Some journalists or media outlets are now ety, to disseminate hatred or to do business threatened with exclusion if they do not adhere dealings. One-sided or false information creates to these strict guidelines. distorted world views. Correctiv.Faktencheck op‐ It is evident that small, unwanted competit‐ poses this and denounces disinformation, ru‐ ors can also be harassed in this way. Thus, the mours and half-truths on a daily basis.”9 Other competitive pressure that small, independent authors, such as Norbert Häring, see things dif‐ online platforms (such as KenFM, Reitschuster) ferently: “[...] what Correctiv does is of a com‐ exert on the large, established media is very pletely different, sinister nature. Operators of so‐ likely to play a role that should not be underes‐ cial media platforms, especially Facebook, are timated.15 under pressure from those in power to suppress critical opinions and alternative facts. Correctiv Berlin censorship gets paid by Facebook to put a negative stamp The fact that the German public media institu‐ on unwanted posts. This negative stamp has the tions (ARD, ZDF) can no longer be critical is 2/4 hardly a secret today but nevertheless, worth problematic nature of the new interstate media mentioning here. Until the early 2000s, they treaty.21 could allowed to produce critical contributions, but then they came under increasing pressure State-sponsored fake news from “political correctness”.16 Since director‐ In the meantime, the EU has started to combat ships and finances are politically allocated, this inappropriate – i.e. inconvenient – opinions also can be easily explained. However, it becomes with the help of secret services or “associations problematic when the “new” journalistic stand‐ close to governments”, and to actively intervene ards of the public media authority are declared in the media sector. generally valid. Then, freedom of opinion is Because of the critical coverage of the Ukrain‐ turned upside down, as it is limited to the “play‐ ian crisis by some alternative media,22 theEUfelt ing field” defined by the state.17 compelled to actively intervene in the media Recently, there is even a danger that public sphere. German writer and lawyer Wolfgang media institutions will turn into state-controlled Bittner writes: “The European External Action psychosocial actors. Journalist Alexander Service does not hesitate to spread fake news Wendt (“Publico”) describes the proposals of on a large scale when it comes to Russia. In MDR [Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk] directorKarola 2016, a special unit called the East StratCom Wille to