Stored-Product Insects of Rice Mills
Tanja McKay1, Laura Starkus1, Martine Toko Bowombe1, Frank H. Arthur2, James F. Campbell2, Lloyd T. Wilson3, Yubin Yang3, Brian Adam4, Julien M. Beuzelin5
1 Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 2 USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS 3 Texas A&M University AgriLife Research & Extension Center, Beaumont, TX 4 Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 5 Louisiana State University AgCenter Dean Lee Research Station, Alexandria, LA
• Most of the studies on stored-product insects have been conducted on stored wheat with very li le research being conducted on rice
http://www.gipsa.usda.gov/ fgis/educout/commgallery/ gr_roughrice.html Overall Goals and Objec ves of Project: • Evaluate the spa al distribu on and movement pa erns of red flour beetle (RFB) popula ons • Assess survival of RFB on different rice frac ons • Evaluate the efficacy of surface insec cides and sanita on • Develop RFB development model and an economic model comparing cost/benefits of methyl bromide fumiga on and alterna ve controls • Adapt the RFB informa on into the web-based Post-Harvest Grain Management Program developed previously h p://beaumont.tamu.edu/GrainManagament
• Stored-product insects: – Lesser Grain Borer – Warehouse Beetle – Cigare e Beetle h p://australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/ – Indianmeal Moth Images/3903/Lesser%20Grain %20Borer2_big.jpg – Red Flour Beetles
h p://tonygt19.smugmug.com/Nature/Macros/ Trogoderma-variable8Xjpeg/159814068_WnHp3- S.jpg h p://www.australian- insects.com/imguploads/ Lasioderma-serricorne.jpg Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum
http://storedgrain.com.au/wp-content/ uploads/2013/04/Red-Rust-Flour- • Common in rice mills Beetle.png • Females can produce 450 eggs • Can live ~ 1 year • Lay eggs loosely in processed grains Lesser Grain Borer Rhyzopertha dominica
– Larval and adult stages are both serious pests of rice
– Larvae develop inside kernels, destroying the internal contents
– The adult feeds on whole or cracked grain
– The adult is about 1/3 cm long Warehouse Beetle Trogoderma variabile
• Eggs laid outside of kernel
• Egg to adult - 7 weeks
• The adult is about 2/5 cm long Cigare e Beetle Lasioderma serricorne
• Head bent down at a right angle
• Adult is about ¼ cm long
• Also feeds on stored tobacco
• Egg to adult – 6 to 8 weeks
http://m7.i.pbase.com/ g3/01/12401/2/88232587.7ygML0AP.jpg Indianmeal Moth Plodia interpunctella
• Wing pa ern • Larvae are external feeders • Webbing www.entnemdept.ufl.edu • “Pantry pests” • Egg to adult – 6 to 8 weeks • Size 1 cm long
www.ento.psu.edu Total Number of Insects Captured at a Rice Mill
2008 2009 2010 Total Warehouse beetle 155,179 132,494 102,433 390,106 Lesser grain borer 34,996 12,238 14,048 62,282 Indianmeal moth 11,728 12,480 11,578 35,786 Cigarette beetle 10,339 1,936 311 12,586 Booklice 3,834 31,448 2,246 37,528 Mediterranean flour moth 881 710 648 2,239 Almond moth 175 50 2 227 Angoumois grain moth 82 27 5 114 Red flour beetle 2 4 0 6 Rice weevil 0 2 0 2 Hairy fungus beetle 0 1 0 1 Taxon Mill 1 Mill 2
Lesser Grain Borer 38 201 Confused Flour Beetle 22 206 Red flour Beetle 1716 12037 American Black Flour Beetle 13 20 Hairy Fungus Beetle 4980 682 Maize Weevil 60 949 Rice Weevil 22 939 Broad Nosed Grain Weevil 197 244 Flat Grain Beetle 9 408 Saw-Toothed Grain Beetle 12 1688 Rusty Grain Beetle 94 1314 Corn Sap Beetle 98 49 Indian Meal Moth 2 12 Angoumois Grain Moth 2 9 Book Lice 1256 155 Merchant Grain Beetle 0 1
Square Necked Beetle 24 50
Warehouse Beetle 24 3 “Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an effective and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that relies on a combination of common-sense practices.”
“IPM programs use current, comprehensive information on the life cycles of pests and their interaction with the environment.
“This information, in combination with available pest control methods, is used to manage pest damage by the most economical means, and with the least possible hazard to people, property, and the environment.”
http://www.epa.gov/agriculture/tipm.html Integrated Pest Management
Prevention Monitoring ◦ Practice of keeping a pest Evaluate the population from infesting a effectiveness of site (first line of defense) prevention and Avoidance avoidance ◦ When pest populations exist programs at a site, avoiding or reducing impact on product Targeting and Suppression evaluating ◦ Applied if prevention and effectiveness of avoidance are insufficient suppression programs Ques ons?
h p://www.australian-insects.com/imguploads/Lasioderma-serricorne.jpg