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No Hay Vida Sin Música 13 NO HAY VIDA SIN MUSICA 13 – WORLD MUSIC (ETNICA, FOLKLÓRICA, TRADICIONAL…) Introducción La denominada World Music comprende la Fela (Anikulapo) Kuti, (15 de octubre de 1938 – 2 música Étnica o Folklórica, también conocida de agosto de 1997) fue un Multiinstrumentista y como Música popular, y está repensada por cantautor nigeriano, activista de los derechos músicos actuales y combinada/mezclada con humanos que creó el género Afrobeat ritmos y/o estilos de los siglos XX y XXI (combinación de Música yoruba, Jazz, Highlife, y Funk, popularizado en África en los años 70. Es (Blues/Electrónica/Hip-hop/Jazz/Pop/Rap/ considerado uno de los músicos más importantes Rock/Ska, etc.). A este amplio estilo musical le del continente africano. Su canción "Zombie" dedico este capítulo, donde no va a aparecer figura en la lista de las 100 mejores canciones de la música que es tocada como siempre la revista Time. Entre su larga discografía, quiero (Tradicional), sino aquella que ha sido recomendar el excelente “Expensive Shit” (1975). modificada de alguna manera, tanto en arreglos como en sonidos. El Jazz en la música africana Partiendo del Jazz, músicos naturales de África crearon estilos propios o géneros que han tenido seguidores, a veces en su misma familia y/o también han creado escuela. Manu Dibango (Emmanuel N'Djoké Dibango) es un saxofonista, pianista, vibrafonista, director de orquesta, autor, compositor y cantante, nacido el 12 de diciembre de 1933, en Douala, Camerún. Su estilo es, esencialmente, una fusión de Jazz, Soul y Ritmos africanos, y en menor medida de Hugh Ramopolo Masekela (Witbank, de Salsa. “Wakafrica” (1994) contiene temas muy Sudáfrica, 4 de abril de 1939) es un conocidos como “Biko” de Peter Gabriel o trompetista, fliscornista, cornetista, “Pata Pata” de Miriam Makeba. También compositor y cantante sudafricano de Jazz. incluye una nueva versión de su clásico “Soul Masekela abandonó Sudáfrica en 1961 Makossa”, que no supera la original pero sirve instalándose en Estados Unidos, donde su para conocer su enorme talento musical. carrera profesional despegó su estilo musical, mezcla de Pop y Jazz africano, tuvo buena acogida, llegando a fundar su propio sello discográfico con el nombre de Chisa. A finales de los años setenta, su canción "Grazing in the Grass" de su disco “The Promise Of A Future” (1968) tuvo gran éxito y fue nominado a los Premios Grammy. Masekela ha colaborado, entre otros, con Fela Kuti. NO HAY VIDA SIN MUSICA 13 – WORLD MUSIC (ETNICA, FOLKLÓRICA, TRADICIONAL…) África negra El origen de la Humanidad está en África y el temas, y es una buena entrada a la hermosa de la Música también. Al menos en el caso de música de esta pareja de exquisitos músicos. la música occidental es así, ya que el Blues, el Issa Bagayogo músico nacido en 1961 en Jazz y el Rock and Roll nacieron de la música Malí, ha grabado varios discos con el sello Six afroamericana. Por eso voy a empezar por ese Degrees Records, entre los que destaca inmenso continente, donde destacan músicos “Timbuktu” (2002), su segunda obra, ya que de países como Malí o Senegal. es su primer lanzamiento internacional y el que le dio a conocer fuera de su país. Issa canta y toca el kamele n´goni (un instrumento de seis cuerdas de África Occidental parecido al banjo) mientras Yves Wernert es el productor y teclista. Bagayogo mezcla la tradición de Malí con música pop occidental. Cesária Évora (Mindelo, 27 de agosto de 1941 – São Vicente, 17 de diciembre de 2011) fue una cantante caboverdiana conocida con el sobrenombre de «la reina de la Morna ». La Morna es un género de música de Cabo Verde relacionado con el Fado portugués, la Modinha brasileña y el lamento angoleño. También era conocida como «la diva de los pies descalzos», debido a su costumbre de presentarse descalza sobre los escenarios, en Amadou & Mariam , es un dúo musical solidaridad con los sin techo y las mujeres y niños pobres de su país. “Miss Perfumado” proveniente de Malí, compuesto por la cantante Mariam Doumbia, nacida en (1992) es la obra que la dio a conocer en Bamako el 15 de abril de 1958 y el cantante y Occidente, con gran éxito, gracias a temas como “Sodade” o “Miss Perfumado”. guitarrista Amadou Bagayoko, nacido en Bamako el 24 de octubre de 1954. La pareja Gigi, nacida Ejigayehu ShibabaW en el año se conoció en el Instituto para jóvenes ciegos 1974, es una cantante etíope de música jazz, de Malí y se especializa en una música que soul y afrofunk. En 1998 se instaló en San mezcla los ritmos tradicionales de su país con Francisco, California, donde llamó la atención guitarras eléctricas, violines de Siria, de Bill LassWell, músico y productor con el trompetas cubanas, ney egipcios, tablas indias que grabaría “Gigi” (2001), disco en el que y percusión Dogón, dando forma a un estilo compone todos los temas y donde se conocido como "afro-blues ". En su álbum combinan jazz, funk, dub y varios estilos “Dimanche a Bamako” (2005), colabora Manu musicales africanos. En la grabación, además Chao, que produce y compone un par de de Bill LasWell al bajo, tocan músicos como el NO HAY VIDA SIN MUSICA 13 – WORLD MUSIC (ETNICA, FOLKLÓRICA, TRADICIONAL…) guitarista Nicky Skopelitis, el teclista Herbie Angélique Kidjo es una cantante y Hancock, los saxofonistas, Wayne Shorter, compositora originaria de Benín, destacada Pharoah Sanders y Henry Threadgill, y los por sus distintas influencias musicales, tales percusionistas Aiyb Dieng y Karsh Kale. como el Afropop, Caribbean zouk, Congolese rumba, Jazz, Gospel y estilos latinos. Kidjo (Pascal) Lokua Kanza , nacido en abril de 1958 nació en Ouidah, Benín, pero los constantes en Bukavu (provincia de Kivu) en la República conflictos políticos en su país la obligaron a Democrática del Congo, es un músico, autor, emigrar a París en 1982. Kidjo habla fon, compositor y cantante que en 1984 se exilia a francés, yoruba, e inglés y canta en estos Paris y sigue los cursos del guitarrista de jazz, cuatro idiomas así como en el idioma Pierre Cullaz. Su obra “Wapi Yo” (1995) nos tradicional de Benín, el Zilin. “Fifa” (1996) es muestra el alma folk de este músico de su quinto álbum y con él consigue que composiciones emotivas. occidente se fije en su música, con canciones que ella misma compone junto a su marido. King Sunny Adé (Sunday Adeniyi), nacido en 1946, es el músico nigeriano yoruba más popular en el género jùjú. Con su banda, King Sunny Adé and His African Beats, se hizo una estrella internacional a mediados de los años 80, en los Estados Unidos, Europa y, por supuesto, África. También es conocido como "Minister of Enjoyment" ("Ministro de Placer"). “Juju Music” (1982), su primera grabación, nos muestra parte de la buena música que este artista le brinda al mundo, es una de sus mejores obras y contiene éxitos afro-pop como “Ja Fumi” y “Ma Jaiye One”. Salif Keita, nacido en Malí el 25 de agosto de 1949, es un reconocido cantante y compositor Habib Koité nacido el 27 de enero de 1958 en de pop conocido como «La Voz de Oro Thiès, Senegal, es un cantante y guitarrista africana». Salif Keita fue marginado por su que forma parte del grupo musical africano familia y apartado de su sociedad por ser Bamada (origen etimológico: Bamako, capital albino, signo de mala suerte en la cultura de Malí), del que también forma parte el mandinga. En 1984 Keita se trasladó a París balafonista Kélétigui Diabaté. “Foly: Live para alcanzar una mayor audiencia. Su música Around the World” (2004), grabado en una combina ritmos tradicionales de África gira europea en el año 2002, nos muestra al Occidental e influencias de Europa y América, mejor artista de afro-pop del momento. a la vez que mantiene un estilo general de Konono nº 1 , grupo musical de Kinshasa, música islámica. “Soro” (1987) es su primera Democrática República del Congo, ganador de un obra y una de las mejores de su discografía. Grammy, combinan tres likembé eléctricos NO HAY VIDA SIN MUSICA 13 – WORLD MUSIC (ETNICA, FOLKLÓRICA, TRADICIONAL…) (Instrumento tradicional parecido al Mbira con canción “Tajabone”, incluida en la película de voces, bailes e instrumentos de percusión que Pedro Almodóvar “Todo sobre mi madre”, están hechos de elementos de chatarrería. El que habla de una fiesta que se celebra en equipo de amplificación del grupo es muy Senegal después del Ramadán, en la que los rudimentario e incluye un micrófono y un niños y niñas se disfrazan del sexo contrario y amplificador. Cuando graban su álbum piden comida. “Congotronics” (2004) este se convierte en una obra muy popular. Youssou N'Dour, nacido en Dakar el 1 de octubre de 1959, es un cantante y compositor Femi (Anikulapo) Kuti, es un músico senegalés de fama mundial. Desde el nigeriano, aunque nació en Londres el 16 de comienzo de su carrera a principios de los junio en 1962 pero creció en la antigua capital años 70 , ayudó al desarrollo del mbalax, la nigeriana Lagos, dedicado al género afrobeat, y el hijo mayor del pionero y figura legendaria música popular de Senegal. Además, en su del afrobeat Fela Kuti. Como su padre, Femi país es un icono popular por su compromiso ha mostrado un compromiso fuerte con en asuntos sociales y culturales. La mayor causas sociales y políticas en toda su carrera, parte de su discografía es en Wolof, pero ha pero a diferencia de su padre él se diferencia grabado discos y canciones tanto en francés en sus opiniones religiosas. “Shoki Shoki” como en inglés. “Nothing’s in Vain” (2002), sin (1998) es su tercera obra y todos los temas ser su mejor disco, es un intento por volver a los compuso el, entre ellos destacan “Truth Don’t Die’” y “Beng Beng Beng”.
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