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South Africa's Defence Industry: a Template for Middle Powers?
UNIVERSITYOFVIRGINIALIBRARY X006 128285 trategic & Defence Studies Centre WORKING PAPER NO. 358 South Africa's Defence Industry: A Template for Middle Powers? Greg Mills and Martin Edmonds AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY University of Virginia Libraries SDSC Working Papers Series Editor: Helen Hookey Published and distributed by: Strategic and Defence Studies Centre The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia Tel: 02 62438555 Fax: 02 624808 16 WORKING PAPER NO. 358 South Africa's Defence Industry: A Template for Middle Powers? Greg Mills and Martin Edmonds National Library of Australia Cataloguirtg-in-Publication entry Mills, Greg. South Africa's defence industry : a template for middle powers? ISBN 0 7315 5409 4. 1. Weapons industry - South Africa. 2. South Africa - Defenses. I. Edmonds, Martin, 1939- . II. Australian National University. Strategic and Defence Studies Centre. III. Title. 338.4735580968 AL.D U W^7 no. 1$8 AUTHORS Dr Greg Mills and Dr Martin Edmonds are respectively the National Director of the South African Institute of Interna tional Affairs (SAIIA) based at Wits University, Johannesburg, South Africa, and Director: Centre for Defence and Interna tional Security Studies, Lancaster University in the UK. South Africa's Defence Industry: A Template for Middle Powers? 1 Greg Mills and Martin Edmonds Introduction The South African arms industry employs today around half of its peak of 120,000 in the 1980s. A number of major South African defence producers have been bought out by Western-based companies, while a pending priva tisation process could see the sale of the 'Big Five'2 of the South African industry. This much might be expected of a sector that has its contemporary origins in the apartheid period of enforced isolation and self-sufficiency. -
(June 1941) and the Development of the British Tactical Air Doctrine
Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 14, ISSUE 1, FALL 2011 Studies A Stepping Stone to Success: Operation Battleaxe (June 1941) and the Development of the British Tactical Air Doctrine Mike Bechthold On 16 February 1943 a meeting was held in Tripoli attended by senior American and British officers to discuss the various lessons learned during the Libyan campaign. The focus of the meeting was a presentation by General Bernard Montgomery. This "gospel according to Montgomery," as it was referred to by Air Chief Marshal Arthur Tedder, set out very clearly Monty's beliefs on how air power should be used to support the army.1 Among the tenets Montgomery articulated was his conviction of the importance of air power: "Any officer who aspires to hold high command in war must understand clearly certain principles regarding the use of air power." Montgomery also believed that flexibility was the greatest asset of air power. This allowed it to be applied as a "battle-winning factor of the first importance." As well, he fully endorsed the air force view of centralized control: "Nothing could be more fatal to successful results than to dissipate the air resource into small packets placed under the control of army formation commanders, with each packet working on its own plan. The soldier must not expect, or wish, to exercise direct command over air striking forces." Montgomery concluded his discussion by stating that it was of prime importance for the army and air 1 Arthur Tedder, With Prejudice: The war memoirs of Marshal of the Royal Air Force, Lord Tedder (London: Cassell, 1966), p. -
Military Italian F-35A Lightning Ii
MILITARY ITALIAN F-35A LIGHTNING II ndoubtedly the most complex, partner, with the Netherlands. Subsequently, Eighteen months on, thanks to the advanced and often controversial Italy was the fi rst nation to build and activate cooperation of the Italian MoD and the programme ever been launched in a Final Assembly and Checkout facility, Aeronautica Militare (Italian Air Force) and a the history of aviation: an accurate where the F-35 Lightning II is assembled. discussion with Colonel Davide Marzinotto, description of the F-35 Joint Strike Italy subsequently fl ew the fi rst F-35 aircraft 32° Stormo’s commander, AIR International UFighter programme, especially in Italy. produced outside the United States. Italy was was granted clearance to gain fi rst-hand December will mark the 20th anniversary also the fi rst nation in the world (excluding experience of the progress made by the Italian of the nation’s participation in the the United States) to introduce the new F-35 fl eet. programme following the signing of a fi ghter into service. The fi rst examples arrived Colonel Marzinotto is a former AMX and memorandum of agreement for the Concept at Amendola Air Base on December 12, 2016, F-2000 pilot. He commanded 20° Gruppo, Demonstration Phase. Four years later, destined for 13° Gruppo (13th Squadron), the Italian F-2000 operational conversion Italy joined the System Development and one of the component squadrons with the unit, assignment to the F-35 Joint Program Demonstration (SDD) phase as a second tier resident 32° Stormo (32nd Wing). O ce in Crystal City, Virginia, prior to Quinta generazione Italiana Troupe Azzurra Troupe 42 | www.airinternational.com ITALIAN F-35A LIGHTNING II MILITARY undergoing F-35 pilot conversion and be undertaken concurrently with the initial confi guration ahead of Block 3F, the fi rst subsequent appointment as the commander production phase su cient to equip US full-up operational standard. -
Fascist Italy's Aerial Defenses in the Second World War
Fascist Italy's Aerial Defenses in the Second World War CLAUDIA BALDOLI ABSTRACT This article focuses on Fascist Italy's active air defenses during the Second World War. It analyzes a number of crucial factors: mass production of anti- aircraft weapons and fighters; detection of enemy aircraft by deploying radar; coordination between the Air Ministry and the other ministries involved, as well as between the Air Force and the other armed services. The relationship between the government and industrialists, as well as that between the regime and its German ally, are also crucial elements of the story. The article argues that the history of Italian air defenses reflected many of the failures of the Fascist regime itself. Mussolini's strategy forced Italy to assume military responsibilities and economic commitments which it could not hope to meet. Moreover, industrial self-interest and inter-service rivalry combined to inhibit even more the efforts of the regime to protect its population, maintain adequate armaments output, and compete in technical terms with the Allies. KEYWORDS air defenses; Air Ministry; anti-aircraft weapons; bombing; Fascist Italy; Germany; radar; Second World War ____________________________ Introduction The political and ideological role of Italian air power worked as a metaphor for the regime as a whole, as recent historiography has shown. The champions of aviation, including fighter pilots who pursued and shot down enemy planes, represented the anthropological revolution at the heart of the totalitarian experiment.1 As the Fascist regime had practiced terrorist bombing on the civilian populations of Ethiopian and Spanish towns and villages before the Second World War, the Italian political and military leadership, press, and industrialists were all aware of the potential role of air 1. -
Reference List Safety Approach Light Masts
REFERENCE LIST SAFETY APPROACH LIGHT MASTS Updated: 24 April 2014 1 (10) AFRICA Angola Menongue Airport 2013 Benin Cotonou Airport 2000 Burkina Faso Bobo Diaulasso Airport 1999 Cameroon Douala Airport 1994, 2009 Garoua Airport 2001 Cap Verde Praia Airport 1999 Amilcar Capral Airport 2008 Equatorial Guinea Mongomeyen Airport 2010 Gabon Libreville Airport 1994 M’vengue Airport 2003 Ghana Takoradi Airport 2008 Accra Kotoka 2013 Guinea-Bissau Bissau Airport 2012 Ivory Coast Abidjan Airport 2002 Yamoussoukro Airport 2006 Kenya Laikipia Air Base 2010 Kisumu Airport 2011 Libya Tripoli Airport 2002 Benghazi Airport 2005 Madagasgar Antananarivo Airport 1994 Mahajanga Airport 2009 Mali Moptu Airport 2002 Bamako Airport 2004, 2010 Mauritius Rodrigues Airport 2002 SSR Int’l Airport 2011 Mauritius SSR 2012 Mozambique Airport in Mozambique 2008 Namibia Walvis Bay Airport 2005 Lüderitz Airport 2005 Republic of Congo Ollombo Airport 2007 Pointe Noire Airport 2007 Exel Composites Plc www.exelcomposites.com Muovilaaksontie 2 Tel. +358 20 754 1200 FI-82110 Heinävaara, Finland Fax +358 20 754 1330 This information is confidential unless otherwise stated REFERENCE LIST SAFETY APPROACH LIGHT MASTS Updated: 24 April 2014 2 (10) Brazzaville Airport 2008, 2010, 2013 Rwanda Kigali-Kamombe International Airport 2004 South Africa Kruger Mpumalanga Airport 2002 King Shaka Airport, Durban 2009 Lanseria Int’l Airport 2013 St. Helena Airport 2013 Sudan Merowe Airport 2007 Tansania Dar Es Salaam Airport 2009 Tunisia Tunis–Carthage International Airport 2011 ASIA China -
Historical Air Force Construction Cost Handbook
DIRECTORATE OF ENGINEERING SUPPORT HISTORICAL AIR FORCE CONSTRUCTION COST HANDBOOK AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY TYNDALL AIR FORCE BASE FLORIDA 32403-5319 FEBRUARY 2007 HISTORICAL AIR FORCE CONSTRUCTION COST HANDBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS I. GENERAL INFORMATION AND DEFINITIONS II. HISTORICAL DATA BY FACILITY TYPE III. HISTORICAL DATA BY CATEGORY CODE IV. SIZE ADJUSTMENT V. ESCALATION TABLES VI. LOCATION FACTORS VII. SUPPORTING FACILITY UNIT COSTS VIII. SIOH, CONTINGENCIES, AND ROUNDING SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION AND DEFINITIONS SECTION ONE GENERAL INFORMATION AND DEFINITIONS GENERAL INFORMATION The Historical Air Force Construction Cost Handbook is prepared by the Directorate of Technical Support, HQ AFCESA/CESC, to provide valid historical costs used in preparing cost estimates and analyses for Air Force construction. Updates are made annually. Prices for OSD Common Facilities, Area Cost Factors, escalation rates, and the size adjustment curve are from UFC 3-701-07, DoD Facility Pricing Guide. Data for AF Unique Facility Costs, Supporting Facility Costs, and Supporting Facility Percentages are from AF Historical data in the Program, ACES system, DD Forms 1391, the Parametric Cost Engineering System (PACES); or from detailed quantity take- off estimates from typical designs. The historical costs are carefully purged to ensure the correct data is listed. Projects with unusual costs often turn out to be additions, alterations, or add/alter projects and are not used in the database. Other reasons include bidding climate, special design features included that are not normally used on an average facility, or unique conditions at a certain location. Facilities with no historical database are listed as "USER" facility types in the category code listing. -
NSI State of Science.Indd
2 3 Contents List of Abbreviations ................................................................................5 Acknowlegements .................................................................................. 8 Executive Summary ................................................................................ 9 Chapter 1 Introduction ......................................................................................14 Chapter 2 The Innovation System Approach .................................................17 2.1 Taking stock and moving forward ............................................. 17 2.2 Innovation and innovation systems .......................................... 19 2.3 The well-functioning innovation system ....................................30 2.4 The big picture .............................................................................34 2.5 The innovation system approach in South Africa.................... 36 Chapter 3 Policies, Strategies, Plans and Reviews .........................................40 3.1 The innovation system in national policy ..................................40 3.2 Specifi c innovation policy initiatives ......................................... 43 3.3 The NSI as a learning system ...................................................... 45 3.4 Other government initiatives ..................................................... 48 3.5 Presidential programme of action reviews .............................. 50 3.6 Concluding remarks ................................................................... -
The Role and Application of the Union Defence Force in the Suppression of Internal Unrest, 1912 - 1945
THE ROLE AND APPLICATION OF THE UNION DEFENCE FORCE IN THE SUPPRESSION OF INTERNAL UNREST, 1912 - 1945 Andries Marius Fokkens Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Military Science (Military History) at the Military Academy, Saldanha, Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University. Supervisor: Lieutenant Colonel (Prof.) G.E. Visser Co-supervisor: Dr. W.P. Visser Date of Submission: September 2006 ii Declaration I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not previously submitted it, in its entirety or in part, to any university for a degree. Signature:…………………….. Date:………………………….. iii ABSTRACT The use of military force to suppress internal unrest has been an integral part of South African history. The European colonisation of South Africa from 1652 was facilitated by the use of force. Boer commandos and British military regiments and volunteer units enforced the peace in outlying areas and fought against the indigenous population as did other colonial powers such as France in North Africa and Germany in German South West Africa, to name but a few. The period 1912 to 1945 is no exception, but with the difference that military force was used to suppress uprisings of white citizens as well. White industrial workers experienced this military suppression in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 when they went on strike. Job insecurity and wages were the main causes of the strikes and militant actions from the strikers forced the government to use military force when the police failed to maintain law and order. -
Eurofighter Typhoon in Service
programme news and features issue 3 - 2006 eurofighter review I Tranche 2 • Final Assembly • New Engine Control I Export News At the beginning of November, the three Eurofighter Typhoon squadrons The lead Eurofighter Typhoon was piloted by Group Captain Bob of the Royal Air Force took to the skies from the Main Operating Base Judson, with aircraft from 3(F), 17(R) and 29 Squadrons making up of RAF Coningsby for a spectacular “Diamond Nine” formation flight. the formation. It was the first time that all the aircraft included in the formation were single-seat type. Focusing on the Air Forces Eurofighter Typhoon In Service 2 3 - 2006 eurofighter review - contents - - latest news - editorial - 3 - 2006 eurofighter review 3 Aloysius Rauen Contents CEO Eurofighter GmbH 03 Editorial Welcome note from Aloysius Rauen, Chief Executive Officer Dear Friends of Eurofighter Typhoon, 04 News Latest developments 2006 marked a significant change in the Eurofighter Typhoon programme. With more 06 06 Defendory International 2006 Review than 100 aircraft delivered, the four Partner Eurofighter Typhoon in Athens Air Forces have taken full ownership of the Eurofighter exhibi- programme. Seven units are already operating tions for 2006 ended in Athens 07 Export Expertise the aircraft and, with operational conversion Eurofighter Typhoon set to serve the global market ramping up across the four Nations, Eurofighter Typhoon is becoming increasingly responsible 08 Team Italy takes the Title for more and more tasks within the squadrons. International Aerospace Summer School The four Partner Nations have accumulated more than 12,000 flight hours. 09 4°Stormo Deployment The end of our work based on the Main Operational Training for the Italian Air Force Development Contract is approaching. -
South Africa I. Current National Security Situation
South Africa I. Current National Security Situation1 South Africa is a state in strategic transition and the South African view of its national security situation reflects that change.2 The 1994 elections eliminated apartheid, inserted democracy, and initiated broad political, social, economic, and military reform. In parallel, South Africa has been forced to fundamentally rethink its security and defense policies. In the Cold War, South African security was heavily based on the defense of the country against the threat from the Soviet Union (because of her strategic position) and the preservation of apartheid. Since 1989, both the concept of an external threat and governmental views on security have changed. Security is no longer viewed as a purely military problem, but rather a much broader political, economic, social, and environmental issue, with the real threats viewed to be internal and non-military. Nevertheless, there are some concerns stemming from instability and conflict elsewhere in the region. South Africa now has large numbers of refugees that exacerbate her domestic problems, a large amount of war material that has created an increased trade in small arms, and drug flows from her strategic position on international lines of communication. Military requirements South Africa’s military forces have also undergone substantial change within the last five years.3 The changes have been positive and have resulted in public support for the military. The original South African Defense Force (SADF) was established in 1957. By the late 1970’s it had become a modern force with advanced weaponry. The South African Defense Force was the region’s most potent military force, albeit one which for years had been focused upon counterinsurgency and support to the Angolan “democratic” guerilla movement of Jonas Savimbi against the Marxist Soviet–backed government. -
The Rise and Fall of the 5/42 Regiment of Evzones: a Study on National Resistance and Civil War in Greece 1941-1944
The Rise and Fall of the 5/42 Regiment of Evzones: A Study on National Resistance and Civil War in Greece 1941-1944 ARGYRIOS MAMARELIS Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy The European Institute London School of Economics and Political Science 2003 i UMI Number: U613346 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U613346 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 9995 / 0/ -hoZ2 d X Abstract This thesis addresses a neglected dimension of Greece under German and Italian occupation and on the eve of civil war. Its contribution to the historiography of the period stems from the fact that it constitutes the first academic study of the third largest resistance organisation in Greece, the 5/42 regiment of evzones. The study of this national resistance organisation can thus extend our knowledge of the Greek resistance effort, the political relations between the main resistance groups, the conditions that led to the civil war and the domestic relevance of British policies. -
Fascist Italy's Aerial Defenses in the Second World War
Fascist Italy's Aerial Defenses in the Second World War CLAUDIA BALDOLI ABSTRACT This article focuses on Fascist Italy's active air defenses during the Second World War. It analyzes a number of crucial factors: mass production of anti- aircraft weapons and fighters; detection of enemy aircraft by deploying radar; coordination between the Air Ministry and the other ministries involved, as well as between the Air Force and the other armed services. The relationship between the government and industrialists, as well as that between the regime and its German ally, are also crucial elements of the story. The article argues that the history of Italian air defenses reflected many of the failures of the Fascist regime itself. Mussolini's strategy forced Italy to assume military responsibilities and economic commitments which it could not hope to meet. Moreover, industrial self-interest and inter-service rivalry combined to inhibit even more the efforts of the regime to protect its population, maintain adequate armaments output, and compete in technical terms with the Allies. KEYWORDS air defenses; Air Ministry; anti-aircraft weapons; bombing; Fascist Italy; Germany; radar; Second World War ____________________________ Introduction The political and ideological role of Italian air power worked as a metaphor for the regime as a whole, as recent historiography has shown. The champions of aviation, including fighter pilots who pursued and shot down enemy planes, represented the anthropological revolution at the heart of the totalitarian experiment.1 As the Fascist regime had practiced terrorist bombing on the civilian populations of Ethiopian and Spanish towns and villages before the Second World War, the Italian political and military leadership, press, and industrialists were all aware of the potential role of air 1.