Vol. XV No. 6 June, 1960 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN

t FAIRFAX MANSIONS, Otfict and Consulting Houn : FINCHLEY ROAO (Comer Fairfax Read), LONDON, N.W.3 Mondtty to Thurtday 10 a.m.—l p,m. 3—6 p.m. Telephone: MAIda Vale 9096'7 (General Officel Friday 10 a.m.—I p.m. MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agencv and Social Services Dept.)

Robert WeUsch a book written with an almost broken heart, and at the end he put the following lines: ", . . Dreaming is also some sort of filling the time which we are spending on this earth. THE DREAM AND THE REALITY A dream is not as different from action as many believe. All actions of men were dreams at first and become dreams again." Some Reflections on the Herzl Centenary These were the last words that Thcodor Herzl published, apart from the political struggles of his last months. He was a dreamer of a new th °'''*'' Herzl, commemorated by Jews all over shaken him to the bottom of his soul. This experi­ kind, a dreamer who went on to action. "The •JJ^ *orld in these days, was born 100 years ago ence changed his whole personality almost over­ basic categories of his thinking are those of the n Budapest, but for all practical purposes he night and transformed him into a man of destiny. liberal world around 1900 in Central Europe, but I •^' he described as a Viennese Jew and a Although he rose against the predominant old he also had a critical eye for the politiwl and ^lOeral in the old nineteenth-century tradition of way of thinking and had to fight the opponents social intricacies of an age which was the begin­ J^ntral Europe. At his time German was the within his own world, he was part of this world. ning of radical change, although most people did "sua franca of European—and to some degree What kind of a world was that ? Let us look no* realise that at the time. The Industrial Revolu­ j^^n of American—Jewry. Leo Pinsker, a Russian back at the end of the last century in Central tion had conquered the whole of Europe, emanci­ field ^""^ Herzl's most prominent forerunner in the Europe. It was a time of ferment and unease. pation had over-reached itself as the Jews ,j^'",pf.Zionism, wrote his book "Auto-Emancipa­ Some men who gave this period its specific charac­ produced an increasing number of middle-class tion in German. In a wider sense Herzl can ter and reached a creative and active life at about intelligentsia and professional men. Herzl realised Safftl C ^*-*"^«". A" ^ TTi'UWl. ^S.-l±i>^ XAVli.1 vail that the anti-Semitism which raised its head in nat 1 '^^^^^••ibed as a " German " Jew (though 1900, were bom a hundred years ago. Among them are several Jews of world fame ; after 1848 Central Europe was not a transient phenomenon, aturally not in the political meaning of " reichs- not a matter that could be minimised as the y"sch "). Looking back at his life in historical a new Jewish type had slowly emerged in Central Europe—the post-assimilation intellectual Jew. " socialism of the fools ", but the symptom of the perspective, without the tension of the political emergence of new classes and a new philosophy j^^^oyersy of his days, we are tempted to say Two years ago the civilised world celebrated of nationalism combined with raciaUsm, supported l^^t his personality and his way of thought may the centenary of the Moravian Jew Sigmund by the jealousy of the newly rising middle-class ^, more properly understood by people who against the Jews and their occupations, iginated from the same inteUectual and cultural Freud, who has revolutionised the thought of man­ background. kind in many fields of life. Last year there was the centenary of a great thinker who opened new Utopia Conceived Jewish State Founded lanes of thought and became the founder of a philosophy from which was derived what is today In contrast to the predicament of dispersed is n^^^ ^^^ ^^^ founder of political Zionism and called Existentialism, Eduard Husserl, a Jew from Jewry in a world of growing anti-Semitism, Hesji naturally venerated in the State of Israel today, the Moravian town of Prossnitz. This year we conceived his glowing vision of a Jewish life that g^" ^Ptember 3, 1897, after the first Zionist Con- celebrate two centenaries of great Jews of similar should be perfect in every respect. His Jewish ? JfSs m Basle, he wrote in his diary: "' In Basle geographical and cultural origin. Gustav Mahler, State idea cannot be equated to the nationalist taini^^ founded the Jewish State. ... In five, cer- who expressed in music the suffering of the human aspirations of other European—and in our age Exa 1 '" ^f'y years, everyone will see that." soul and its redemption, the totality of life and also Asian and African—nationalities, which were i^^yy fiftv years after, the United Nations the never-ending search for God ; Theodor Herzl, directed solely towards independence. To him, Her I- °" '^* establishment of the Jewish State, who was revered by his followers, but post­ independence had to provide an opportunity of yea political endeavours in the short seven humously came to world-wide fame, as many creating a form of community life in which the tj.J^ °f his leadership were widespread and fan- writers and historians, concerned with explaining highest human—not nationalistic—ideals should (with • t,*^^ wanted to win over the Gennan Kaiser the " miracle" of the State of Israel, discover be implemented. His book " Judenstaat", and Bad \ ^^^^ **^ ^^^ friend, the Grossherzog of suddenly that a Viennese Jew conceived that idea still more his novel " Altneuland "—^the " dream " to t^v ^^^ '"^'^ *° induce Britain and Russia in 1896. to which he wrote the epilogue quoted above— to a T ^^ ^^^^ ''* i°*^"<^'08 the Sultan to agree are both in the nature of Utopia. In this respect storv i!'^'' State in Palestine. It is a fascinating Auslro-Hungarian Civilisation he was influenced by a book published shortly With tK ""^'^ understandable only in connection before in Vienna by one Theodor Hertzka, the "?? .political constellation of those days when These men who came from the old Austro- " Freiland ", describing a human society of social clouH "^'^"tal Question" hung like a menacing Hungarian Empire, were rooted in an old cos­ perfection. Herzl believed that thanks to the it all °^^^ Europe for forty years. Ultimately mopolitan civilisation which at that time was progress of technical science such a blueprint is t i^"*'**' iu frustration. In Israel today Herzl already in decline—^perhaps decadent—^but with could for the first time in history be transformed and t,-^^'^'^ary figure and the cult of his name the highest refinements in art, music, thought and into practical results. He was not concerned with Stat k ^°'"*' is par' of 'he paraphernalia of the poetry. In many pronouncements of art and saving Judaism or Jewish culture. The seven-hour has I ' '' '^ '^° *^r*' 'hat the young generation literature from this " world of yesterday "—as working day was more important to him than nor ^ ^ ^^"^ ^^'''' ^'^^^ ^^ *ho he really was, Stephan Zweig called it—we feel in retrospect a the Hebrew language. The national flag which hQ_,^^ they much interested in this question. Any- sUght, moving melancholy, a foreboding of he suggested was not decorated with nationalistic fojj ' Herzl was more fortunate than other approaching doom, sometimes unconscious, some­ or religious symbols; it consisted of the seven *ho of young States, e.g.. Thomas Masaryk, times identified with human destiny as a whole, stars that symbolised the short working day, which as in the symphonies of Gustav Mahler. Reality at that time was an ideal of sociaUsts and p_.. ^^ name must not even be mentioned in the assumes a somewhat dreamlike character. Dreams reformers—albeit then considered in the region title %.? "liberated" (in 1919 he was given the are a regular feature in the poetry of all ages of Utopia. and t- " ^''^sident Liberator "). History goes on and all peoples, not least in the Bible. In that jjg ''™es are changing fast. The times of Theodor Vienna they became the token of a philosophy of For Herzl, the form of political independence The I faded away and his world has vanished, resignation. Shakespeare's famous lines : " We was not as essential as its content, the establish­ the nf^°*^ has taken the place of reality. On are such stuff as dreams are made on", were ment of what he called a new society. Herzl, as strep? h^'" hand, in the mind of the man in the almost literally re-created, consciously quoted or a man of the nineteenth century, was far too is rath emergence of the State of Israel in 1948 not, by Hugo von Hofmannsthal : power-conscious to believe in the viability of gra-plher linked with the ignominious and dis- miniature States without intemational backing. He nir^^ "^"le of Hitler than with the noble and " Wir sind aus solchem Zeug wie das zu thought of such precedents as the old East India •^'ng personality of Herzl. Traeumen , . ." Company, which had been established by a Charter. This was the very word which Herzl in v'^ °"^ °^ ^^^ enigmas of history that in 1895 At the same time as a whole series of Schnitz­ applied to the Zionist aim. But naturally the e(jy '^Pt^a, of all places, a man of the origin and ler's—100 years in 1962—novelettes circle around Concession granted to the Jewish Company would seetn^H ° °^ Herzl conceived this idea, which the tension between Dream and Reality, Beer- be worthless without a guarantee by the Great 'enin^ revolting, if not ridiculous, to his con- Hofmann wrote " Ja'acob's Traum", and, of Powers. The Jewish State would have to be belfiV"^^!"^ and to the social class to which he course, Sigmund Freud explored the underground underwritten by what Herzl called the Council of but , • "^'^ "^"^ locked by the Dreyfus affair. of the human soul that expressed itself in dreams. Civilised Nations—" Rat der Kulturvoelker "—an The \ he drew such far-reaching conclusions, In the same city another man wrote a kind of anticipation of the United Nations. and F'*f*^und indignation about the blow to truth novel, if you want to call it so, into which he humanity, where a Jew was concemed, had poured out all his longings for a better world, Continued on page 2, column 3 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION June, 1960 The Dream and the Reality THE GERMAIN SCEIVE Continued from page 1 POLICE OFFICIALS INVESTIGATED EDUCATION FOR DEMOCRACY All this proved unfeasible, as Herzl had to learn. The Choveve Tzion had started practical Dr. Hans Maly, head of the Criminal Investiga­ At a Conference of the North Rhine-Westphalia work of settlement in Palestine without political tion Department at Bonn, has been relieved of Education and Science Trade Union, one of the safeguards, in a more pragmatic spirit. Perhaps his post in connection with charges against him. speakers. Prof. Th. Wilhelm (Kiel), dealt with without knowing it, their method was to establish During the war he was a member of the S.S. and the 3ifficulties in bringing the idea of democracy in Palestine an actual population, though a worked for the Nazi security service. home to young people. Youth, he said, felt minority, which could claim rights when the Special Branch ofiScials are investigating nearly attracted by fundamental postulates, whereas the moment came. 100 members of the North Rhine-Westphalia idea of democracy did not offer anything Herzl was vehemently opposed to such patch­ police. This is the latest attempt by West German glamorous and did not ask for an " heroic" work that lacked the great heroic stir. For him authorities to purge former Gestapo and S.S. attitude. To educate pupils to become respon­ all silent and modest work was without real officials from the police, and charges of partici­ sible citizens, it was also essential to avoid any decisive effect. It was a product of cowardice pating in Jewish massacres during tbe war are dictatorial methods in running the schools. and ghetto mentality. The difference between aU expected to be pressed. pre-Herzlian Jewish politics and Herzl's Zionism Herr Dufhues, the Minister of the Interior of WUERTTEMBERG EDUCATIONALISTS was the despisal of small and cautious steps, and North Rhine-Westphalia, has acted on informa­ MEET the stress on the great dramatic gesture. Herzl tion supplied by the police branch of the regarded himself as the hero of a great historical influential Trade Union of Public Services and A conference on "The Jews in Our Midst" drama. He was a playwright who conceived Transport and by the Association of Former Con­ was held in Stuttgart. One of the speakers. Dr. everything in terms of the sweeping dramatic centration Camp Victims. The matter is, however, Amo Sachse, Lecturer at Mainz University, stated impact. As revealed in his own Diary, he always com^icated by the existence of a rival police that it would be wrong to treat National Socialism laid the greatest emphasis on appearance and dress " trade union ", which is reluctant to probe allega­ merely as a subiect of past history ; the German- and was eager to display visible grandeur. tions of Gestapo affiliations of some of its mem­ Jewish problem nad to be dealt with in all spheres There was significant pathos in this attitude. bers. of school education. He, as well as Rechtsanwalt Herzl was rooted in the humanitarian idealism At least six senior posts in the Ruhr have fallen Dr. Kuester (STuttgart) and Dr. Emst Ludwig which was the secularised religion of the educated vacant owing to orders issued by Herr Dufhues Ehrlich (Basle), also dealt with various anti- classes of his nineteenth-century generation. He that senior police posts may not be occupied by Jewish arguments which were based on insufficient was convinced that an ethical appeal for a cause former Gestapo or S.S. officials. No replacements knowledge of the actual facts. whose beauty and greatness should be obvious to can be found and this has partly accounted for all, was the most powerful approach. As all the authorities' reluctance to remove efficient YOUNG GERMANS VISIT SYNAGOGUES people in German-speaking countries, he was police officers because of their former activities. educated under the influence of the dramas of In its latest issue of the Mitteilungsblaii for the Friedrich Schiller. When we read Herzl's own DEATH OF HIMMLER'S DOCTOR account of his interviews with the potentates of Jewish communities in Westphalia, Mr. Siegfried the world, and even his preparations for addresses Heimberg (Dortmund) reports that, after the to mighty Jews (for example, the great Speech Dr. Felix Kersten. the Finnish-born ph>sio- swastika daubings, interest has been displayed in therapist who acted as Himmler's personal to the Rothschilds, which was never delivered in getting some information about Jewry and Judaism this form), we cannot help thinking of the classical physician, has died in Hamm (Germany), at the by a number of young people. At their request, age of 61. On many occasions he successfully example of such an oration, namely, of course. school classes were shown round the synagogue Marquis Posa standing before King Philipp. The used his influence on the Gestapo chief for the on several occasions and Jewish teachings and benefit of Jews and other persecutees, and saved proud, free, idealistic hero arguing his case before rituals were explained to them by the Rabbi. Dr. this most powerful man, who had never before large numbers from deportation. He played an Hans Chanoch Meyer. important part in persuading Himmler to permit listened to such bold language. It was the entranc­ the transfer of Jews to Switzerland. Above all, Similarly, more than 1,200 young people saw ing Song of Songs of freedom and human dignity, by arranging a meeting between Himmler and a the Synagogue in Essen under the guidance of which could not fail to make an impression on representative of the Swedish section of the World Rabbi Dr. L. Salomonowicz. the most hardened soul. Jewish Congress shortly before the end of the It was also fundamental to Herzl's thought that war, he is credited with having averted the DISSOLUTION OF NEO-NAZI STUDENT the implementation of Zionism would have to be intended murder of the concentration camp GROUP carried out in accordance with the principles of inmates when the Allies were approaching. humanity. Nothing was more remote from his The Hamburg police have announced the disso­ In recognition of his effective interventions on mind than the expulsion of native peasants from lution of the Nationalist Student League, the city their ancestral soil. He actually did not know behalf of the Dutch, he was awarded The Nether­ Senate having found that the group was neo-Nazi lands Grand Officers' Cross. that Palestine was an inhabited country. He and anti-Semitic, and thus treasonous to the imagined it as a kind of neglected waste land DESECRATION OF CEMETERIES constitution. The Hessian Ministry of Culture under the rale of the Sultan, which could be ordered the group to be banned last January at restored to fertility and civilisation imder a At the Jewish cemeteries of Assenheim (Kreis the Free University in West Berlin and in April Charter, devised in the Colonial way of his time. Friedberg) and Grosskarben, tombstones were at the Marburg University. The Jews would bring to the country intelligence, recently turned over. In both cases schoolboys money, good organisation, and modern technical admitted to comitting the offences. AWARD FOR COURAGE methods. They would transform it in a short The old Fuerth cemetery which has been out time : that would also benefit the suzerain ruler, of use for the past 30 years was also desecrated. and whatever natives there might have been, and The culprits have not yet been found. The Beriin Senate has allocated DM 200,000 they would be grateful for that. Herzl never con­ to be awarded to Berliners who excelled by their ceived the Palestine problem as a clash of CHILDREN'S IGNORANCE humane attitude, whilst the Nazis were in power. It was stated that there were about 105 persons nationalisms. Nobody thought of nationalism in The educationalist. Ute Bernhard, has carried who, at great personal risk, rendered their assist­ the Oriental world of 1900, that was even before out an investigation on the subject " What Do ance to persecutees. One of them, a woman, the revolution of the Young Turks. You Know About the Jews ?" among 13- to 14- had hidden and cared for no fewer than 80 Jews. In so far as Herzl envisaged a mixed popula­ year-old pupils at eleven Munich Council Schools. Where persons qualifying for the award are not tion in Palestine, he adhered strictly to the ideas Some of the answers, reported in the Frankfurter in financial need they are to receive an illuminated of equality and tolerance. In this respect his Rundschau, reflect an alarming degree of ignorance address. Utopian novel " Altneuland" reads like a para­ and prejudice. Two-thirds of the 344 pupils phrase of Lessing's " Nathan the Wise". This expressed the view that it would be in order if eighteenth-century German anthem of religious no compensation were made to the Jews, because COMPENSATION FOR RESTITUTION equality was the stronghold of Jewish assimila­ " our parents would not have fo pay such high SOUGHT tionists in Germany in their fight for full emanci­ taxes ". Most of the children had heard something pation ; in Herzl's visionary Jewish State it got about the persecution of the Jews, but did not According to a contention put forward by the its first application in an opposite direction, namely find it necessary to elaborate on it very much. Federal Association of Persons Injured by Resti­ justice and tolerance not demanded by Jews for A boy of fourteen wrote : " My father has said tution, Germans who bought Jewish property themselves but applied by Jews to their fellow- that the Jews started the war—therefore they had during the Nazi regime " in good faith" are citizens of other denominations and races. to be punished." The report also reveals that entitled to compensation from the West German Unjustly, Ahad Haam interpreted this HerzTian there was considerable resistance against the Government for being forced, under present laws, demand as a wish to please the Goyim. It is questionnaire both among teachers and parents. to allow the original Jewish owners to reclaim strange that Ahad Haam, himself a great humanist, their property. who in 1923 strongly denounced Jewish acts of terrorist vengeance, did not understand Herzl's ANTI-SEMITE SENTENCED Dr. A. Seeger, President of the Association, is of the opinion that the " loyal purchasers" genuine conviction. Zionism was to Herzi an Werner Teicher, a 41-year-old merchant and actually aided the Jewish persecutees because by " etemal ideal". It would not cease after the former S.S.-Obersturmfuehrer, was sentenced to buying Jewish property they " saved Jewish lives, establishment of the Jewish State. "For in six months' imprisonment by the Darmstadt freeing persons from concentration camps by Zionism ". he wrote, "... there is not only the Criminal Court. Teichert, whilst drunk, had enabling them to emigrate ". He has announced striving for a legally secured soil for our poor insulted a Jew, calling him " Judenscbwein " and that a test case has been filed by a member of the people; there is the striving for moral and saying: " Too few of you have been gassed ". Association in the Frankental district court. Dr. spiritual perfection." These words can be regarded The West Berlin Criminal Court has promul­ Seeger hopes that this test case will provide as his legacy, to be heeded by the new State. gated sentences of two months on probation and judicial backing for compensation to " loyal But, of course, never in history does reality live of six months for anti-Semitic remarks. purchasers" of Jewish property. up to the dreams of prophets. AJR INFORMATION June, I960 Page 3 TAXATION AND NEWS FROM ABROAD COMPENSATION NAZIS IN SCANDINAVIA FLATS FOR REFUGEES IN PARIS A new Nazi Party was formed in Sweden on With the help of funds partly allocated by the DELEGATION TO U.K. TREASURY April 3crth, the I5th anniversary of Hitler's death. A report in a Swedish daily paper states that the Federal Parliament and partly derived from On May 17th, a delegation, led by Sir Henry new party was instigated by neo-Nazis in Ger­ private collections in Germany, 21 flats in a d'Avigdor Goldsmid, M.P., called on the Financial many, with the aim that it become the central block of flats in Vanves, at the outskirts of Paris, Secretary of the Treasury, Sir Edward Boyle, M.P. "lovement of National Socialism in Sweden. All have been acquired by the AJR's sister organisa­ The delegation, which was organised by the tormer Nazis or Nazi supporters in Sweden have tion in France, "Solidarite". They were formally Anglo-Jewish Association included, among others, "een informed that they have been granted auto­ opened at a ceremony where addresses were given Mr. John Foster, Q.C., M.P., Sir Hugh Lucas matic membership of the new party. by Professor Carlo Schmidt, Vice-President of the Tooth, M.P., and Professor Norman Bentwich, as , A memorial meeting for Adolf Hitler was held Federal Parliament, Minister J. Jansen, Charge well as Dr. F. E. Falk and Dr. F. E. Koch, in py the small Danish Nazi party which still pub­ d'Affaires of the German Embassy in Paris: the capacity of experts, who have been active in lishes a pamphlet. The Fatherland, which was the Monsieur Jacques Vernant, General Secretary of the matter on behalf of the AJR for many years. i^azi organ during the German occupation. the Centres d'Etudes de Politique Etrangere, and The delegation stressed the moral claim for letting . In the Danish Parliament, the question of the the Solidarite's Chairman, Mr. C. L. Lang. the Nazi victims have the full benefit of the 'egality of agitating against a race was brought up. Seven of the flats have three rooms and have compensation payments without tax deductions. been allocated to families of five ; the remaining Sir Edward Boyle promised to look further into GREEK CHURCH'S STAND AGAINST 14 two-roomed flats are to be used by families the matter. ANTI-SEMITISM of three or two. There were urgent applications An amendment clause to the Finance Bill 1960, from 150 families, amongst which the most aiming at the exemption of compensation pay­ The Primate of the Greek Orthodox Church— urgent cases had to be selected. "te of the most conservative Christian churches ments from taxation in the United Kingdom, has FRANCE HONOURS JEWISH VICTIM been tabled by Liberal Members of Parliament "Trailed a special Press conference in Athens to and will, it is expected, by supported by members renounce anti-Semitism as anti-Christian. He of other parties. As readers will remember, an Pomted out that Jesus and the teachers and The French Government has issued a postage stamp bearing the portrait of the late Pierre amendment clause was also tabled in previous oP°^tles of Christianity were, " in terms of Masse, one time Under-Secretary of State for years, but was negatived on 1957 and not called uesh", Jews. This is an important departure in 1958 and 1959. wh^K *^ inveterate Greek Orthodox tradition Justice. He was among the first French victims mch has based faith among the illiterate peasants of the Nazi extermination policies. fi.j . ^'i'^ism and hatred for the Jews who cruci- AUSTRIAN DEVELOPMENTS "«d Jesus. AGADIR'S JEWISH SURVIVORS The Jewish community in Vienna has issued a Da, Greek Primate, questioned on objectionable It is considered more than doubtful whether statement deploring the fact that, despite promises ^&ages referring to the Jews in liturgical texts, Jewish survivors will want to restart their lives by Vice-Chancellor Pitterman and Finance lo he had in mind may of them which should be in Agadir when it is rebuilt after the catastrophic Minister Kamitz, the amendment to the law for - "^"Ved, but that the other Orthodox churches earthquake there. The reluctance to return of rehabilitation of Nazi victims has not been "u Patriarchates would have to be consulted. most of the Jewish survivors is due to the fact implemented. The statement goes on to say that that there are rumours that further tremors are Jews must now seek ways and means to compel MOROCCAN JEWS RECEIVE VOTING likely, and that there is widespread superstition the leaders of both coalition parties to carry out EQUALITY among them that Agadir is under a curse. their pledges. (..^"foccan Jews have, for the first time in their All aid received is being divided among the nturies-old history, been allowed to take part victims. The major part of this assistance came A meeting of Austrian resistance fighters in a last P^^ and rural elections held in Morocco from foreign welfare organisations, amongst resolution stressed that compensation has not yet rj„L "^onth. Jews have been given equal voting which the aid given by the " Joint" is considered been paid to the victims of Nazism, fifteen years ,3^.""'.and there were half a dozen Jewish candi- to have been magnificent. The Jewish Chronicle after the war. Uni 'v ''°'h main parties, the Istiqlal and the was the only newspaper to help through its appeal At a meeting of the British Section of the confl" '^at'onal Populaire. There has been much fund. World Association of Jewish Victims of the Nazis can between those who support official Moroc- from Austria held in London recently, fresh an : P°hcy for Jewish integration into the life of LENIN PRIZES appeals to the Austrian Government " to fulfil its to 1 |?^Pendent Morocco and others who hesitate moral and legal obligations " were made. mor* ^^^ plunge until the situation has become This year's Lenin Prize winners in Russia It was announced at the meeting that the of ^,?'abilised. Among the latter are a number include a fair percentage of Jews. The best Association had received a message from the Dart; -^'""^ leaders, who object to any Jewish known is David Oistrakh, whom the official Soviet leader of the Austrian People's Party promising orean'P'"'"" '" political life. While Jewish Press describes as " the first violinist of the to press the members of the Austrian Government siifi^"'^ations continue to function, those respon- world ". to make a decision over restitution. The gathering douht^"^^ not altogether free from anxiety, no was also told that the British Foreign Office had Mf^ri "^^used in part by the growing ties between ANNE FRANK HOUSE OPENED stated that negotiations were under way for the '°rocco and the Arab League. The Anne Frank House in Amsterdam, where compensation of Jewish victims from Austria who Anne Frank wrote here diary between 1942 and were British subjects at the time of the signing Chambers of Commerce Elections 1944 when she was hiding from the Germans of the State Treaty in 1955. Com,^^° Jews have been elected to Chambers of there, has been officially opened by the burgo­ Dr. Nahum Goldmann stated in a broadcast in feceiv ^'"'^^ and Industrv in Morocco. The> master of Amsterdam. Tel Aviv that there were " good prospects" of renewing reparations talks with Austria. During 90 (VV? ^ *°^' °^ """"e 'han 7,000 votes out of DR. HEUSS IN ISRAEL '"UO cast for 261 seats in 20 different Chambers. his visit to Vienna he discussed Jewish demands with Chancellor Dr. Raab. The topics brought ^PTIAN REFUGEES HEAVILY TAXED Altbundespraesident Dr. Theodor Heuss has just concluded a fortnight's visit in Israel. up included proposals for a property restoration livin':'^9''''ing to Jewish refugees from Egypt now During his stay in the country, he gave a lecture fund, claims for destroyed Jewish communal ment '^ "ritain and France, the Egyptian Govern- in German, " Selbstgestaltung der Demokratie ". property, trust corporations for heirless property, Btitish ^^j ""P°^^^ ^^^"^ taxation on former Amongst other things, he dealt with the mutual compensation for victims of Nazism and a pen­ Were ^°" French citizens, including Jews, who relationship between State and people; he also sion law for self-employed persons. Government EgVDt"''* '^ after the Suez crisis in 1956. The stressed that the recognition of the contribution sources indicated that the Chancellor promised the anioiim" Finance Ministry has deducted large of the Jews to Germany was an indispensable utmost restitution possible within the framework account ^^ " i°'=°"i^ 'a^^" from all refugees' cash facet for any evaluation of German history. The of Austria's financial capacity. of ,L "• This unilateral decision forms no part function was opened by Professor Martin Buber, Dr. Goldmann also attended a ceremony at betwelf "nancial agreements signed last year and a vote of thanks was moved by Professor which a large block of Council flats in Vienna '^en Bntain and Egypt and France and Egypt. Ernst Simon. was named after Theodor Herzl.

BANK Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. KOSCHLAND & HEPNER Bankers LTD. Zurich, Selnauttratse 6 Montreux, 96 Grand' Rue BASILDON HOUSE, 7-11, MOORGATE, E.C.2 Tel.: 051 27 06 30 Tel.: 021 6 22 35 Telephone: METropolitan 8151 Telex : 5 25 62 Telex : 2 42 68 Representing: I. L. FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION ALL INTERNATIONAL BANKING TEL-AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA 52 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, 4, NY. TRANSACTIONS Page 4 AJR INFORMATION June, I960 Herr Strecker has issued writs against 43 PROSECUTION OF NAZI CRIMES individual judges in an attempt to provoke some action by the ^est German Government, and WEST GERMAN REACTIONS should not be held against any judge unless such official investigations are going on in several of verdicts can be proved to " represent a miscarriage the cases. He is investigating the judiciary before The German Press and public have been greatly of justice or to have been excessively bmtal". any other field because of its basic importance. agitated by the possibility that a loophole in the Dr. Schaeffer's views have been opposed by In an interview with The Jewish Chronicle, law may allow some Nazi criminals to escape some Gemian legal experts, and the Association Strecker stated that, being denied access to official justice. According to the provisions of the Statute of German Judges also passed a resolution archives in West Berlin, he was forced to rely of Limitations, offences committed under the Nazi demanding the setting up of an investigation com­ mainly on records kept in East Berlin and other regime, with the exception of murder, caimot be mittee at the Federal Court, charged with "dis­ parts of Eastern Europe. prosecuted after May Sth unless charges were qualifying anybody from holding public office officially preferred prior to that date. This found guilty of having treated fellow-citizens in a The New Statesman also carried a reference threatens the taking of action especially against manner incommensurate with the commandments to Strecker's presence in London. The Federal Nazi-tainted members of the Federal judiciary, of humanity ". German Government's own investigations, the whose activities on Nazi special courts have only joumal writes, "appear to be singularly lethargic recently come under public scrutiny. A spokesman of the Federal Ministry of Justice and unfruitful", It goes on to say that the German has stated in Bonn that a motion by the Social Government asserts that the U.S.A. Government According to a report by Dr. Fritz Schaeffer, Democrats to extend the term of limitation which denies it access to records and argues it cannot send Federal Minister of Justice, certain German is presently being debated by the Parliamentary investigators to inspect East German records since Laender, in an effort to beat tiie time limit, have Legal Committee had no chance of success. He it does not recognise the regime. But it has made issued writs against some former Nazis suspected contended that an extension was impossible for no effort to enlist the co-operation of the Czech of manslaughter. According to a report in the constitutional and other legal reasons. The and Polish authorities, both of which hold sub­ Frankfurter Allgemeine, the Central Agency for spokesman declared that Nazi crimes in connec­ stantial records, or even to inspect files in Vienna the Prosecution of Nazi Crimes at Ludwigsburg tion with mass executions had been carefully and and the Strassbourg Document Centre. Strecker was instrocted ta submit all documents pertaining systematically investigated by the Central Agency has, moreover discovered that many files are still to its current investigations to the prosecuting at Ludwigsburg and handed over to the compe­ held by the West German authorities themselves, authorities concemed before May 2nd. WTiere tent public prosecutors. such as the records of 670 death sentences carried the authorities took the required legal actions out at the Stadelheim Prison in Mimich, No immediately, the provisions of the Statute would The Social Democratic Party has vigorously efforts have been made even to compile a list not apply. Thus crimes perpetrated in concentra­ attacked the Federal Govemment's attitude, of known war criminals and, for instance, to trace tion camps or by " Einsatzkommandos ", as well declaring that the Government was helping Nazi the 40,000 concentration camp wardens classified as those committed by Nazi judges and prosecutors criminals to evade their just punishment. It was as war criminals who remain unpunished, would escape falling under the Statute of Limita­ intolerable that these persons should go tions. unpunished for merely formal reasons and the Rheinhard Strecker, answering questions put to good name of German democracy would be him in the course of a Press conference organised The Sueddeutsche Zeitung, while welcoming discredited if the Government persisted in its in the House of Commons by a committee of these steps, wonders whether they can make good attitude. The Party demands that the terms of Labour and Liberal M.P.s who are sponsoring his the accumulated neglect of the past. A conference limitation should be extended by several years. campaign, said that there were enough of the of the combined Laender Ministers of Justice at East German representatives have told the Press present judges in the German Federal Republic Wiesbaden opposed the possibihty of extending guilty of judicial murder which they committed the time limit. Press reports quoted the Ministers in Bonn that thousands of files of Nazi special courts had been found in several Polish cities in their capacity as members of the judiciary of as saying that they considered existing provisions the Third Reich, to warrant a complete examina­ as adequate to initiate proceedings in all major lately, containing new material against West German judges. tion of all the records of Hitler's criminal courts. criminal cases, a view not shared by Thomas "TTie allegation is not fhat those judges are Gnielka, of the Frankfurter Rundschau, who The West Berlin Committee of Free Jurists, ex-Nazis, but that many of them are guilty of expresses doubts as to whether all necessary steps which collects information about Eastem Ger­ criminal offences committed in the exercise of will really be taken. His suspicions are aroused by many, has just published a third edition of its their judicial capacity during the Hitler period", the failure to include in the investigation of booklet, "Former Nazis in the Service of Pan­ said Mr. J. Thorpe, Liberal M.P. judicial crimes perpetrated by Nazi judges and kow ". According to the Frankfurter Allge­ public prosecutors " the vast amount of evidence meine, the list includes the editor of the East Mr. Thorpe also said that the investigation which available in Alsace, Austria, Poland, and Czecho­ German Deutsche AussenpoTitik, Hans Aust, who Herr Strecker and his supporters demanded would slovakia ". He deplores the " belated interest " is charged with having joined the Nazi party in give the Federal Republic an opportunity to weed displayed by the authorities who only " bestirred 1933. Tlie Guardian, which also carries a refer­ out the guilty ones, while those judges who were themselves after the East German propaganda ence to the publication, reports that the list not guilty would have an opportunity to clear campaign had reached its full crescendo and when includes two East German Cabinet members, their »ames. the statutory limit set for prosecution had drawn Hans Reichelt, Minister of Agriculture, and Curt On May 16th, in the House of Commons, perilously near". Merkel, Minister of Supply. Labour Members pressed for the removal of the difficulties in obtaining access to the captured Bulletin No. 70 of the Federal Government's Among East German judges described as Nazi documents now in the possession of the Press and Information Office carries an article by ex-Nazis are the President of the East German United States Government. The Parliamentary Dr, Schaeffer, in which he refutes the allegations High Court, Dr. Kurt Schumann, and the Chair­ Secretary of Stafe for Foreign Affairs, Mr. R. levelled during the past three years in East German man of the Judicial Affairs Committee of the .Mian, stated fhat discussions would be held with and Czechoslovakian publications. He states that, East German Volkskammer, Siegfried Dallmann. the U.S. authorities to see whether any improve­ in all, these publications accuse 1,146 persons. Major-General Arno von Lenski. who has played ments could be made in the detailed arrangements Of the 230 persons listed in a recent Czecho­ a leading part in building up the East German under which these documents are made available. slovakian publication. Dr. Schaeffer states that 213 armed forces, is also alleged to have served on are described as having been judges or public the Nazi " Volksgericht". prosecutors in the C.S.R. These 213, the Minister goes on, could be classified as follows : 47 were BRITISH M.P.S' CONCERN OBERLANDER RESIGNS 4 employed by the ordinary law courts ; a further 1(X) were also members of N.S. organisations; 32 A meeting of M.P.s of all parties, sponsored by Dr. Oberlander has now tendered his resigna­ were employed by a Sondergericbt and five by one Liberal and three Labour M.P.s, was recently tion. This was done a few hours after his a Volksgericht. Only the remaining 29 judges and held at the House of Commons. colleagues in the Christian Democratic Party had prosecutors were specifically accused of having Herr Reinhard Strecker, the young Berlin agreed fo support his demand for a Parliamentary miscarried justice, and of these 20 had already student who for several years has been investi­ Committee investigation into the charges against been listed in East German publications. gating records, mainly from East German sources, him. He will retain his seat in the Federal Parlia­ to discover details of the past of former Nazi ment since it is stated that his denazification docu­ The Minister mentions cases taken up by the judges still in office in West Germany, addressed ments showed no reason fo condemn any of his criminal courts and by the public prosecutors. the meeting. Members were provided with docu­ activities in fhe past. Some of the accused had been acquitted, and in mentary details of 26 cases from a hundred or Af its session on May 6th, the Federal Parlia­ other cases the proceedings were still pending. more, giving particulars of cases in which ment referred fhe petition for a Parliamentary Several cases had been taken up by the discip­ sentences of death had been passed by Nazi investigation fo ifs Judiciary Committee for further linary authorities and some officials had been courts for trivial offences. One case concemed consideration. It is understood that both Christian suspended for the time of the investigations. The that of a man who kicked the dog of a customs Democrats and Social Democrats have legal and Minister stated that he had asked the Ministers official, another of a 26-year-old Czech woman, constitutional doubts as to the possibility of of the Laender for judges to take the steps neces­ six months pregnant at the time of the trial, who setting up a committee to investigate a Cabinet sary to interrupt the expiration of the time limit was condemned to death and executed for giving member's activities before he took office. This, in all cases where accusations were raised with bread and clothing to a Russian prisoner of war. it was stated, was rather a matter for the ordinary the legal authorities. In another case, a young Pole was condemned fo law courts. Members expect that fhe reference Dr. Schaeffer rejects as inadmissible charges death and executed for illegally slaughtering two to the Judicial Committee will be tantamount to against members of the Bench merely because they pigs. burying fhe affair, as far as Parliament is " had passed death sentences ". According to the Other instances are those of Dr. Reichelmann. concemed. Minister, the Nazi "Special Courts" dealt largely the presiding judge responsible for sentencing to In the meantime, fhe East German trial of with ordinary offences under criminal law. He execution a Czech Jew Franz Thein. whose crime Oberlander has concluded, with fhe Supreme points out that jurists were detailed to serve them was failure to wear the Star of David and Court finding him guilty of crimes against without regard to their personal predilection. Each attempting to leave Nazi-occupied Czecho­ humanity and with the preparation and carrying case, states Dr. Schaeffer, should be considered slovakia, and Dr. Reichelmann's assistant out of war crimes. Oberlander was sentenced to individually. The signing of a death warrant or Kohl&tadt, who are now judges in the Federal death should he ever step on East German the imposition of long terms of imprisonment Republic. territory. I AJR INFORMATION June, I960 Page 5 The South African Jewish Times, stung by criticism from Jews abroad, has published an APARTHEID AND THE JEWS editorial on race relations in South Africa, entitled '• Breaking Our Silence". The paper states: •. . . our caution was dictated by the fact that . In a special interview for The Jewish Chronicle make his contribution. In his personal sphere and we did not wish to implicate the community by given by Ronald Segal, editor of Africa South, in his daily life he can endeavour fo mitigate taking a definite political stand" but in reply Who recently arrived in this country from South hardship, promote humanitarian attitudes, and to critics (Jewish journals and institutions abroad) '^^rica, Mr. Segal warned fhat if the economic work for greater understanding and good will '" let us state forthwith that wc fully concur witb ^tuation in South Africa became desperate, the between all groups and races in South Africa." the policy pursued by fhe S.A. Board of 'government would find a scapegoat—the Jews. In a letter to The Jewish Chronicle, Mr. Edgar Deputies ". |he South African Government, he said, had Bernstein, a Jewish journalist and an executive on The paper said, in part: "... if is simple p .long history of anti-Semitism behind if, the the South African Jewish Board of Deputies and enough for the Liberals and Socialists 7,000 t^ritne Minister, Dr. Verwoerd had remained a other Jewish organisations, strongly denies fhe miles away to proclaim a pohcy of full equality Pious Nazi, and it would not take much for the correctness of Mr. Ronald Segal's contentions that between Whites and Africans but, in effect, this P.fesent leadership in South Africa to become " beneath the surface the Government was anti- means calling for a social revolution—more so, vi^ently anti-Jewish. Semitic ". He states that, although infected by in fact. For to accede here would be to make of The general approach of the South African Nazi anti-Semitism during fhe Hitler period, the the White man an oppressed minority." Jewish commimity, said Mr. Segal, was that they Nationalists purged themselves of that infection »nould be left alone as they had enough problems after the war, and that the Party has repeatedly In the meantime a list of nearly all the 1,700 ot their own to contend with. They felt that if stated its policy of non-discrimination against any or so persons detained under fhe Emergency ^^y criticised apartheid, they would incite the section of the white population in South Africa. Regulations has been issued. This list includes a government against them. They did not seem to Also, the Govemment has shown friendliness and number of Jewish persons among approximately ealise that their approach to the problem was helpfulness in regard to Jewish communal needs, 95 Whites, but, with one exception, does not noticed by other religious groups who had been and keen interest in Israel. mention any Jews detained in the Cape Province l?ore forthcoming in their criticisms. Even the Mr. Bernstein goes on to state that the reason and Natal. r^i.ef Rabbi, Rabbi L. Rabinowifz, had been the South African Jewish community does not In London, the Association of Jewish Ex-Service nticised by his own congregation when he take a communal stand on apartheid is because, Men and Women at its annual conference strongly '^Pressed anti-apartheid views. The Jewish com­ as stated af a recent meeting of the South African condemned the policy of apartheid. A special munity at the moment was very frightened. The Jewish Board of Deputies, " fhere were as many resolution attacking that policy was unanimously majority of the Jews kept quiet, although individu- differences of viewpoint among members of the passed, the text of which was sent to the South V'y. while remaining loyal to their ghetto past, Jewish community as among the public at large African High Commissioner in London. At a ,^y often expressed very strong views against in regard to how lasting, peaceful coexistence meeting _ of fhe Anglo-Jewish Association, the "Partheid in private. between black and white in South Africa may be Association reiterated ifs sympathy with the .,*lie South African Jewish Board of Deputies, accomplished. There could, therefore, be no African victims of racial discrimination, and con­ heirt ."'^'^ussion at its inter-provincial conference individual spokesman for the Jewish community demned the way in which they were being treated siv "* Johannesburg, on whether the Board could as such, on these political problems." He ends by the South African Government. The Board j-^ any useful guidance to the Jewish community by stating that separation between races is not of Deputies of British Jews has decided not to nsi I Pi^^^^"' situation, has merely repeated its necessarily opposed to social justice. make any public pronouncement on apartheid. lal standpoint. The conference was told that Mr. Bernstein's defence of the South African The Conference of Anglo-Jewish Ministers and "^'^e there were many differences of Government and the stand taken by the South J.—^ - — .%, TTVIW llltmj \lHX\rl. VUVWJ KJi. opinio\J^lllI.\Jlln Preachers passed a resolution condemning last°°^ members of the Jewish community on how African Jewish Board of Deputies has provoked apartheid at its recent meeting. The resolution sting peace between black and white in South a spate of protest in the form of letters to The stated fhat the conference regarded the policy of fynca could be accomplished, there could be no Jewish Chronicle, including letters from Brian apartheid and all forms of racial discrimination Glanville and C. C. Aronsfeld. Mr. Glanville as abhorrent to Jewish teachings of fhe brother­ •j-iP'^'dual spokesman for fhe Jewish community. sums up Mr. Bernstein's " nauseating apologia hood of men and their equaUty before God, and ne Board's General Secretary stated : " Although for the Jews of South Africa" in a brief earnestly prayed that the South African Govern­ 8ro ^^^ ""^^ '" ^ position collectively as a Jewish sentence: " Never mind about the Africans; ment would seek tq find an equitable solution to tjjg P 'o make specific proposals for ameliorating we're being left alone, thank God ". the problems of race relations in fhat country. present situation, every Jewish citizen can EVENTS AT HOME AJEX ON WEST GERMANY The Association of Jewish Ex-Service Men and 'REPORT OF JEWISH TRUST CORPORATION fhat he could make no commitment, although the Women held its annnal conference jn London on Government was by no means unresponsive, April 24th. 'he I ^.^'"7 d'Avigdor Goldsmid, Chairman of cither fo the appeal that had been made or to rj-pf^^'sh Trust Corporation for Germany Ltd. Apart from the sharp comment evoked against fhe needs of the refugees themselves. He asked apartheid in South Africa, reported elsewhere in aiini 1 Pf^sented the Ninth Annual Report at the the House to wait until the end of fhe year for Dual meeting recently held in London, this issue, strong feelings were expressed against the Govemment's final response, and the motion allowing Wesf Germany to have military bases in •n th ^^^^ under review was the most successful was withdrawn. elus Coi'Poration's history, thanks fo fhe con- Britain and against her possession of nuclear weapons. A resolution was passed asking for a the 'i°" °^ ^ number of global settlements with LORD BATH AND HITLER uig '-aender of the former British Zone concern- campaign in the Press, on television, radio and in com '^"'''Pensafion for damaged and destroyed Two paintings by Hitler were sold at Sotheby's cinemas to emphasise the horrors in concentra­ rec"[""?al property. As a result, the total and were bought by the Marquess of Bath for tion camps, so that all might know the dangers PfQ ^"es from heirless, unclaimed and communal £600, half of which goes to the World Refugee and horrors of Nazism and fascism. anH .u'^ in the former British Zone of Germany Year funds, nijn.'^e British Sector of Berlin, reached DM 134 Mr. Jacques O'Hana, director of the O'Hana iher (approximately £IU millions), and of this Art Gallery, and other dealers, protested against tr,ii]j "'•PPration ^^^ ^° ^^'^ distributed over DM 115 the sale. Mr. O'Hana offered to give £50 for the J. on for help to Nazi victims all over the world, pictures and fo destroy them. Your Houte For:- is to K"^''"^ °° '^at part of the proceeds which The Marquess of Bath, in an interview reported dort, .'^sed for social work in the United King- in the Evening Standard, said of Hitler: " Well, tnitt ^^^'^ 'he auspices of the Allocations Com- 1 just think he was one helluva man—and you CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO Pavs '^^- *^* Central British Fund, tiie Report can interpret that helluva how you like—^in which­ I itid •^^^'^'^' tribute " to the splendid co-operation ever way you think." He stated he had bought UPHOLSTERY in ..'"Valuable assistance received from the AJR the paintings because he thought that in time they iien» J^'ection of residents and in fhe manage- would be very valuable. " Democracy ? " said "' of the Old Age Homes". the Marquess, " leadership—it's a matter of who leads the wolf pack. The leader may lead the SPECIALITY WORLD REFUGEE YEAR pack into destruction. But that doesn't matter. Uijj . '?ngthy discussion, remarkable for its .\l any rate he is the leader. ... 1 admit that I an '"^"y, ensued in the House of Commons on do admire ruthlessness a bit. I think it is a CONTINENTAL DOWN nieJ:"'^ndment put forward that H.M. Govern- necessity to get anything done in life. . . ." QUILTS ! R^J *"ould increase its contribution to the World In a telegram the next day prominently featured £SOQ^^ Year appeal to a sum not less than in the Standard Wolf Mankowitz said: "The The amendment also called on the right of free speech which Lord Baith is prepared to ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS the f !?*."' 'o continue, as long as there is need, sacrifice for ruthlessness and the spiritual strength ESTIMATES FREE in the'^v, afforded with fhe recent relaxation of Hitlerite bmfality allows him fo express his to g^ health regulations, allowing hardship cases odious and simple-minded opinions. And it is \Vofij I 'his country under sponsorship during right that the Evening Standard should publish DAWSON-LANE LIMITED give s • ^"S°® '^ear. It urged fhe Government to them and thus expose the fact that there are tiiijs o^^xi^' consideration fo those who are the vic- gullible picture collecting members of the defunct 17, BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK Thp u ^' concentration and slave labour camps. British aristocracy to leader the gutter swastika Telephone : ARN. 6671 State* ^°"se. ^^ '**^ •'°'"' Under-Secretary of smearers into a spiritual future of extermination Binceri^"^ Foreign Affairs pointed out, showed camps, massive murder and mass insanity. Let Personal attention of Mr. W. Schachmonn the m ^^^ understanding of what is one of us always remember that the jaundiced Lord Bath "•ost tragic human problems. He regretted is a helluva HiUer fan." AJR INFORMATION June, I960 Page 6 REVIVAL OF SUDETENLAND JEWS IN GERMANY CLAIMS REPORT FROM EAST BERLIN HEINRICH STAHL PRIZE The Secretary of the East Berlin Jewish Com­ This years Heinrich Stahl Prize of the Berlin The Spectre of Munich munity, Herr Heinz Schenk, recently paid a visit Jewish community was awarded to thc writer to London. Before the war he was an active Hans Scholz. At the ceremony, Mr. H. Galin­ member of the German-Jewish Youth Movement. ski described Scholz as a staunch friend of the There seems to be a disturbing revival inside and he survived the Hitier regime in several Jewish community who, by his work, had rendered Germany of Hitler's Sudetenland claims, which concentration camps. signal services in trying to overcome the spiritual have recentiy received the support of Herr See­ Herr Schenk stated that at the time of the legacy of the Nazi past. bohm, the Federal Minister for Transport. As Slansky trial in Czechoslovakia and the doctors' speaker for the " Sudeten German Association ", trial in the U.S.S.R., a number of Jews had, in he claimed that Sudetenland's incorporation into his view, wrongly considered if advisable to LIEBERMANN MEMORIAL EXHIBITION the Czech Republic was directly responsible for leave East Germany and East Berlin. Now the the outbreak of World War II. To mark the 25th anniversary of Max Lieber­ East Berlin Jewish Community comprised only The influential Hamburg weekly Die Zeit, in about 980 members. To these, about 300 Jews mann's' death, a Memorial Exhibition displaying 60 of the artist's works was held in Bielefeld. a leading article by the well-known historian. had to be added who were not members of the Professor Eschenburg, sharply attacks this point community. In the other parts of East Germany, Most of the paintings and drawings had been lent by the Wolfgang Gurlitt Gallery in Munich. of view, and takes fhe Minister severely fo task there were altogether 620 Jews, the largest com­ for alleging that the death of 54 Sudeten Germans munity being Leipzig, with 120 members. in 1919, killed by Czech soldiers while demon­ The Community is extremely over age, about MUELHEIM SYNAGOGUE CONSECRATED strating against the inclusion of their homelands 550 members being more than 60 years. Most of into Czechoslovakia, was the " beginning of a the members lived in Berlin before the war and In thc presence of representatives of the public chain of events that lead to the outbreak of survived incarceration in camps or living under­ authorities and of the churches, the newly erected World War II". These remarks, states the ground. synagogue in Muelheim (Ruhr) was recently article, are a deliberate falsification of history. Persons of Jewish origin who held responsible consecrated by Rabbi Dr. Salomonowicz. The According to Professor Eschenburg, the Federal political or cultural positions in East Germany synagogue, the building costs of which were Government has now, apart from fhe Ober­ were usually not members of fhe Community. contributed to by fhe Federal Government and laender case, to face in its own ranks a " See­ However, there were exceptions such as the fhe Land North Rhine-Westphalia, is a converted bohm affair ". author, Arnold Zweig. Whilst the Socialist private house at Kampsfrasse. The joint Jewish United Party (S.E.D.) expected its non-Jewish communities of Duisburg and Muelheim, which The Frankfurter Allgemeine underlines the fact members to resign membership in the Christian it is to serve, comprise 76 members. Before 1933 that Seebohm's " mythology " not only defies all churches, they did not press Jewish members fo the Jewish population amounted fo about 3.000 historical evidence, but places him in direct oppo­ dissociate themselves from the Jewish Community. in Duisburg and to 800 in Muelheim. sition fo the " basic assumptions of the Federal One of the Berlin Jewish institutions for which Republic's foreign policy for which he, as a the Community feels a particular responsibility is Minister, bears Cabinet responsibility". As the cemetery in Weissensee. Because of the great ANNIVERSARY CEREMONY AT BELSEN pointed out in Die Zeit's article, it is a well-known shortage of labour, it had for the fime being, how­ fact that the " undisputed recognition of Hitler's ever, not been possible to obtain sufficient work­ To mark the 15th anniversary of the liberation sole and exclusive war guilt constitutes one of the men to keep the cemetery in order. This was of Belsen, a memorial meeting at the site of fhe basic and essential concepts of the Federal greatiy regretted by all concerned, and it was former concentration camp took place on April Republic's foreign policy ". realised that it was particularly disappointing for I Oth, In his address, fhe Minister of Interior of The Federal Minister for Transport is by no Jews abroad who in previous years had paid Lower Saxony, Herr Bennemann. said: " What means the only prominent politician to hold these contributions towards fhe upkeep of relatives' happened here was not due to the misdeeds of views. The Frankfurter Rundschau reports that graves. one single man. He had had many active helpers, Dr. Heinrich Schneider, Deputy Chairman of thc The Community maintains an Old Age Home but even greater was the number of those who Free Democratic Party, during a party conference accommodating forty residents, af Niederschoen­ supported him by their indifference." Herr Benne­ in Aachen demanded a return of the Sudeten hausen, the former Jewish Children's Home. There mann went on to say that today thc evil spirit territories as negotiated in the Munich agreements was also a kosher butchery owned by the Com­ of fhe past was by no means dead, and fhe utmost of 1938. The paper, condemning Munich as an munity. During the past holidays, matzo had been vigilance was required. act of aggression, wonders how these claims received from Czechoslovakia and wine from Dr. H. G. van Dam, General Secretary of the will impress tlie all-important Summit Con­ Bulgaria. Religious services were held by the " Zentralraf" of the Jews in Germany, recalled ference in Paris, and called such statements a East Berlin rabbi, Martin Riesenburger. at thc the heroic work carried out by fhe British Forces ' disservice to the national cause ", all the more Rykestrasse Synagogue. after the liberation, when thousands of camp serious because they were formulated during a There was hardly any contact with the West inmates were living corpses and required super­ state congress of Germany's third largest Berlin Jewish Community. However, occasionally, human attendance. Proiessor Franz Boehm, who political party, and were not made by " refugees the West Berlin Cantor Nechama officiated at spoke in the name of the organisations of perse­ agitating for the return of their homesteads nor East Berlin funerals. cutees, warned of those Germans who pretended by politically irresponsible elements". to fight against totalitarian threats from without, The small number of members was nof able fo The Reichsruf, organ of the neo-Nazi Deutsche meet all the financial requirements out of its com­ but who took a lenient attitude towards totalitarian trends inside the country. Reichsparfei. absolves Hitler of all guilt in his munal contributions, but the Community had been dealings with the Czechs, stating that no German able fo elicit the support of the City of East STATISTICS OF BERLIN COMMUNITY Government " would have been able fo remain Beriin. inactive in 1938 while Sudeten Germans were " LEVETZOWSTRASSE 7" According to the latest report of the West- being terrorised and outlawed". The paper Berlin Jewish community it had 6,164 members asserts that " as long as a Peace Conference has The history of the former synagogue in the in March 1950. not resolved otherwise, the Sudetenland remains " Hansaviertel" of Berlin was fhe subject of a an integral part of Germany ". Berlin broadcast for schools. The building was consecrated in 1914. Like all synagogues it was STATISTICS OF VIENNA JEWISH Dreams of a return fo Munich are not the set on fire during fhe pogrom night in November COMMUNITY exclusive prerogative of the ultra-nationalist Right- 1938. However, it was not entirely destroyed and wing parties. According to the Sueddeutsche the most tragic period of its history was still to According fo the bulletin of fhe Vienna Jewish Zeitung, the Socialist M.P., Wenzel Jaksch, Presi­ come: during the years 1942 and 1943 it served Community, Die Gemeinde, altogether 9,265 dent of the " Federal Congress of Sudeten German as an assembly centre for the Jews of the district persons were registered as members of the Com­ Refugees ', suggests a constitution for Czecho­ who were to be deported. Shortiy afterwards, if munity on December 31st, 1959. It is estimated slovakia on the lines of the Benelux countries, was severely damaged by a bomb. Later on, Jews that there are a further 1,000 to 1,500 Jews in allowing the " Sudeten Germans to become, used the cellars for hiding to escape deportation. Vienna who are not members of the Community. together with the Czechs and the Slovaks, an Some years after the war, the remnants of the Of the 9,265 members, 7.827 are of Austrian independent nation ". The paper quotes Jaksch as building were demolished and the site is now nationality and 1,438 of foreign nationality or saying: "If fhe spectre of HiUer would not vacant. Among those who gave eye-witness Stateless. During the year there were increases stand behind them, the arrangements then made— reports in the broadcast were Mr. Siegmund Welt­ of 812 members (750 of them new residents) and allowing fhe German-speaking territories to join linger, as well as the former caretaker of the decreases of 730 members—an absolute increase Germany—would still appear to be the most synagogue and inhabitants of the adjoining houses. of 82 persons. sensible solution."

THE IVEW HOMES BVILDINC SOCIETY. EAST TWICKEIVHitM POPesgrovc 7402 Ctaainnan : Anthony Mvlowe. M.P. Directors : I. Cowen. C.B.E.. D. Scbonfield. F.A.L.P.A., H. Baron. INVEST IN A SOCIETY WITH A PROUD POLICY. Wir kaufen Einzelwerke, Bibliotheken, LOANS TO OWNER OCCUPIERS ONLY ! Autographen und rnoderne Graphik INTEREST PAID FROM 4} TO 4J% TAX PAID Direktor : Dr. Joseph Suschitzky Diitrict Accnti UutmiliODt tl.K. 38a, BOUHDARY ROAD, LONDON, N,W.8 —I— Telephone : MAI 3030 •>^—— i AJR INFORMATION June, 1960 Page 7 %on Larsen ANGLOJUDAICA AN EVENING WITH THE JEWS OF Jewish Art Dr, Helen Rosenau, History of Arts Lecturer af Manchester University, who is also a regular LENINGRAD contributor to fhis journal, recently addressed a ( ' *ent into the hairdresser's shop at our hotel The people were lively and seemed to relish meeting of fhe London Society of Jews and Christians in London on Jewish art. th H • ^ ^°°^ *' '^^ ''^^ °^ rustic women under the gathering as a social no less than as a religious ne drying helmets. Another half-dozen were wait- meeting. There were hardly any men under the "JK.patiently for their tum. The " Perukmacher " age of forty among them, and few under fifty. Anglo-Israel Cultural Association usiness—the eighteenth-century German word The women's gallery was nearly empty, but fhis The Anglo-Israel Cultural Association at a br^*i!'^-" hairdresser " in Russian—seems fo be very must have been because the men's wives and meeting on the subject of Israel and the Middle ow ^'" the Soviet towns ; the shops are State- daughters were at home preparing the seder. East, was told by Mr. Ian Mikardo that it was wned, worked by small collectives under a senior Much money and labour had been spent on a gross error for " naive " Zionists to derive some ^PeciaUst, the boss, the decoration of fhe hall. A huge Star of David, pleasure from conflict between Arab States. wh 1"'^ ^oiel he was a jolly, middle-aged Jew ; made of neon tubes, shone above the thora shrine, Hostility between one Arab Stafe and another out "^ ^^ finished serving a customer he came flanked by tall neon candles. The service was and, above all, rivalry for leadership in the Arab »1 in the hotel hall and asked me if I was a a most enjoyable concert; the cantor had a mag­ world, was highly detrimental to Israel, stirring . levrei". i wanted to know what it was like nificent voice, and he was supported by six excel­ anti-Israeli feelings. Mr. Mikardo said that renr^,t^ Jew in Russia today. "Not bad", he lent singers, conducted by a spirited choirmaster. Britain's national interests in the Middle East on L * ^y 'h^ ^!ty, why dtm't you come to After the service the crowd, all of them speak­ were primarily fo maintain a military foothold . ur shool tonight ? It's Passover service." He ing Yiddish, pressed towards the exit. Beside me, in the area, the maintenance of which he described save me the address. an army officer in uniform, with a colonel's as a " monstrous irrelevance ". numk!" '^^ ^^^^ themselves I heard that they " pips ", came down the stairs, wishing his friends e "}ber about five million in the whole of the " Gut Yontev" (which was especially interesting Dr. Warburg's Appointment mill'*' Union today (over-all population: 210 to me, as I had read in a German paper that in anin ''^•' ^^^^ Moscow has half-a-million Jews the Soviet Union Jews could become neither Dr. Gusfav Otto Warburg, a senior member 4QJ) "8 its five million inhabitants, and Leningrad officers nor civil servants). Outside, in the yard, of fhe Board of Deputies of British Jews since to '""0 among 3.3 miUion inhabitants, amounting a group of people gathered quickly around me, 1951, has been appointed Director for United y/i^^t^ than 12 per cent of tiie population. I asking me questions about the Jews in England Nations Affairs at the Geneva Office of the Inter­ dec! ° '"'"^ ^^^^ approximately half of them and about Israel, which appeared to occupy their national Council of the B'nai B'rith. He was man*"^* themselves in their documents as Jews ; minds very much. They were equally ready to assistant editor^ of the Hamburg Echo, the rest ^ °f these still practise their rehgion. The answer my own questions : how did they hve ? Social Democratic paper, in Germany, and came Part ^^^ assimilated (one of them, a Communist Was there any anti-Semitism ? to Britain in 1933. Dr. Warburg has been a Kj, y ttiember, in his early twenties, told me that member of the A.J.R. since its inception and has '^lather spoke Yiddish, but he himself did not), "NOW THAT BERIA HAS GONE" on several occasions, contributed to AJR is T .^y^^Sogue to which I went in the evening Information. tfj^r^^'ngrad's only one. It might have held two Again and again they said : "We are doing Pconi*"*^ Worshippers, and it was full, with many :ill right—now that Beria has gone. There was Board of Deputies' Meetins CfQ^!? standing in the gangways, but not ovcr- much anti-Semitism under Beria, from 1947 to A message of appreciation from fhe Duke of I Jg ?• A shammes at the door, on hearing that 1953. Of course, there are people who don't like Edinburgh for the Board of Deputies' recent lljg ^ from London, pushed me at once through the Jews. But there is no official prejudice against bicentenary dinner was read out at the Board's he m J*^'"^ "^^^ '° 'h^ ^''st row of seats, where us. We can get into any profession or trade." recent meeting. The heroes and martyrs of the ^tion^ someone get up so that I could sit down ; And one of them, linking his hands, said : in uL '^"""'"es gave me a prayer-book. It was Warsaw Ghetto Uprising were remembered and " Russian and Jew—now like this !" He explained the education of youth was discussed. ^fiebrew and English, probably a gift from that he was a television engineer. the < '^*' ' ^^^ '^hat one of my neighbours had anri n ^ edition, but another one had a Hebrew Only one of the group, who spoke English Synagogue's Bicentenary ""« Russian book. very well, answered my question about prejudice against the Jews with an expressive gesture. " I The New Synagogue is 200 years old. Its great don't want to talk about it here", he said. I and virtually unbroken record of communal asked him to come to our hotel. " I don't want service over two centuries, first in Bishopsgate and, to be seen at the hotel", he said. Eventually, since 1915, at Egerton Road, Stamford Hill, was however, he explained that he had been working celebrated by a special Thanksgiving Service con­ Ackermans in an atomic establishment; now, in his middle ducted by fhe minister. Rabbi Dr. S. M. Lehrman. fifties, he was pensioned (men's pension age in The Chief Rabbi, Dr. Brodie, who himself was Russia begins at only 50, women's at 45). What inducted into his office twelve years ago at this Chocolates I gathered from him was that there is a prejudice synagogue, was also presenf and addressed thc against employing Jews in senior posts in arma­ gathering. A reception was held after the De Luxe ment establishments, probably because of the fear service and a festive dinner at Guildhall in 'N BEAUTIFULLY DESIGNED that they might betray secrets to Israel. His the City of London on fhe following Monday. PRESENTATION BOXES pension, he said, was " very good ". Several wanted to know what life was hke in Liverpool Home for Aged Israel. "Hard, isn't it?" said some. (Later, a A twenty-bed hospital wing of the Home for MARZIPAN SPECIALITIES youngish man whom I met at a restaurant told Aged Jews in Liverpool, built and equipped at • me that his mother was returning to Russia from a cost of £30,000, has been consecrated and Israel because she had found conditions " too difii- formally opened by Lord Cohen of Birkenhead, BAUMKUCHEN cult".) The group outside fhe synagogue became Hon. President of the Home. • quite emotional when someone asked : " Why does Ben-Gurion do an armaments deal with the Conference of Ministers and Preachers Germans ? We don't understand that." And one of them suggested : " He should come fo Russia The 13th Conference of Anglo-Jewish Ministers and falk things over." and Preachers, reported elsewhere in these columns, was on the theme " Judaism and the I asked about Jewish cultural life. I was told Social Order "—a theme of such wide range that that there is one Yiddish newspaper, Der Emmes, it enabled the participants to discuss a variety of which appears in Moscow, There are no per­ social and moral issues. Papers on " Jewish manent 'Yiddish theatres, but Yiddish concert Ethics and their Application to Modem Com­ troupes, among them some famous artists, are merce and Industry " and " The Individual and touring the towns. " Only 11 per cent of the the Family", which dealt particularly with inter­ Jews use Yiddish still as their everyday language ", marriage, were read. I heard. After that evening I kept meeting Jews in several London Ort Congress walks of life—from newspaper photographer to 43. Kensington Church St. museum guide (the young " intellectual" who Britain is, for the first time, to be the venue took us round the Museum of Religious History for the quinquennial Congress of World Ort, to London, W.8 in Leningrad, for instance, was a Jewess). And be held in London from October 23rd. The Con­ there seem to be some professions in which Jews gress will also mark the SOth anniversary of the WES. 4359 figure as prominently as they do in the Westem organisation. and world : I brought a tape with a selection of new Russian popular music, prepared for me by Jewish Woman Mayor ^•> Goldhurst Terrace, Radio Moscow, back to England. Now, as 1 Councillor Mrs. Sally Sherman is the new look af the programme notes, I discover among Mayor of Hackney. Alderman Louis Sherman, Finchley Road, N.W.6 the composers, singers, and conductors a very her husband, is Leader of fhe Council, and both MAI. 2742 high percentage of names such as Feltsman and are members of the Stoke Newington branch of Lifshltz, Saulski and Davidov, Elstein and Katz, Poale Zion. Page 8 AJR INFORMATION June, 1960 Friedrich Walter Wir wanderten eine Weile, selber zwei Schatten, durch das spukhaft neblichte Land, bis mein Freund stehen blieb, den Arm ausbreitete und den Vers eines deufschen Gedichtes zitierte, das er auf ERINNERUNG AN ROBERT CHAUDRON der Schule gelerat hatfe: "Und Nebel weit Limher," sagte er mif etwas schwerer, an fremde Laufe nicht gewohnter Zunge, Die Worte meiner Robert Chaudron war Professor fiir klassische waren, gestand er mir einmal, dass es diese Ant­ Mutfersprache klangen mir seltsam ans Ohr in dem Sprachen am College von Commercy. Commercy wort war, die mir sein Herz gewonnen hatte. Er nachflichen Schweigen und in den immer dichter, ist ein Landstadtchen in Lothringen, ungefahr eine wollte in ihr Bescheidenheit und Sinn fiir Humor immer undurchdringlicher aufsteigenden Schwaden halbe Eisenbahnsfunde von Nancy enffernt. Das crblicken, zwei Eigenschaffen, die er sehr hoch der fremden Erde. Sie nahmen eine Bedeutung Pariser Unterrichtsministerium hatte mich dorthin schatzte. Es half mir nichts, dass ich ihn nach­ fiir mich an, die ich erst jefzt ganz zu ahnen, kaum geschickt, um deutschen Unterricht zu geben, Es driicklich aufklarte, indem ich ihm versicherte, zu verstehen beginne. handelte sich um eine recht provisorische Stellung, dass ich nur ein Witzwort kolportiert hatte. denn es durften keine Auslander im Staatsdienst Robert Chaudron verharrte bej seiner Meinung, Es war am Ende der grossen Ferien, die Schule beschaftigt werden, es sei denn, sie erwiirben die und es will mir heute scheinen, dass er der Weisere begann am nachsten Tag, und Chaudron hatte mir franzosische Staatszugehorigkeit. Auf diese abei von uns beiden war. Er liess sich nicht davon ftir den letzten freien Nachmittag wieder einen durfte man sich keine Hoffnung machen. Den­ beirren, dass es ein Missverstandnis war, dem wir Spaziergang vorgeschlagen. Wir gingen den Fluss noch hiess es, dass die Absolvierung einiger vor- den Beginn unserer Freundschaft verdankten. entlang und durchquerten mehrere Dorfer, bis wir geschriebener Examina die Dinge fordern konne. Und in der Taf, wer wiisste nicbt, dass viele und zu den Hiigeln kamen, die das Flusstal umgrenzten. So ging ich denn mit einer Art hektischen Eifers oft die gliicklichsten menschlichen Beziehungen Auf einer der Anhdhen hessen wir uns im Grass an die Vorbereifung des ersten Baccalaur^ai, des auf einem solchen beruhen, zumindest von ihm nieder und blickten ins Land hinab, Es lag vor franzosischen Abituriums, 15 Jahre nachdem der gestiftet werden ? uns im Licht eines stillen, klaren Herbsttages. Von Albtraum dieser deutschen Priifung hiner mir lag. den Dachem der Hauser stieg der Rauch der Der Aufwand, den wir damals trieben, macht uns Ein ganzes Schuljahr lang sass ich als Schuler Kamine auf, von den Ackern der Rauch dcr Kar- heute lacheln. Aber wir waren noch in den unter den Schiilern Robert Chaudrons. Er war ein toffelfeuer, die man angeziindet hatfe. Es war ein Anfangs-, den goldenen Zeiten des Exils, und jeder ausgezeichneter Lehrer; er hatte nicht nur den Anblick, so friedvoll, dass er einem das Herz von uns betrieb mit inbriinstig-fiebrigem Glauben Ernst und die Gewissenhaftigkeit, sondern vor zusammenzog. Wir dachten beide an den Krieg, scinen " Existenzaufbau ". Wir waren noch in dem allem die Leidenschaft und Liebe zu seinem Beruf. dem Europa in dien letzten Monaten wieder ein Wahne befangen, unser Gepack abstellen und Als ich zum erstenmal in seine Klasse kam, las er Stuck nahergertickt war. Wurzeln schlagen zu konnen. Wir sind eines mit seinen Primanem eines der Virgilschen Plotzlich sagte Chaudron: "Ich hasse den Krieg anderen belehrt worden. Gedichte, das beriihmte Zwiegesprach zwischen und furchte ihn. Aber fur dieses Stiick Erde und zwei Hirten, von denen der eine durch Unrecht die Kathedrale von Strassburg wtirde ich dennoch Aber wie es manchmal geschieht, dass wir von und Gewalt von Hause vertrieben, ein I.and- kampfen." der Jagd nach Chimaren einen dauernden Gewinn flQchtiger geworden ist, wahrend der andere, der " Was wird aus uns werden, wenn es Krieg davontragen, so verdankfe ich der Betreibung sich rechtzeitig zum Diktator Oktavian und gibt ?" fragte ich ihn angstvoll. vermeintlich praktischer Ziele das hohe und spateren Kaiser Augustus bekannfe, daftir mit bleibende Geschenk einer Freundschaft. Es Acker und Herden belohnf wurde, Der Beraubtc Ich habe seine Antwort bis auf den heutigen Tag erwies sich namhch als notwendig, dass ich, immer klagt dem Sesshaften sein Leid, und dieser fordert nicht vergessen. " On fera comme tout le monde ", im Hinblick auf jene Examina, wieder zur Schul­ ihn auf, seine Abendmahlzeif mit ihm zu teilen und sagte er mit grosser Einfachheit. Dieser Satz, so bank zuriickkehren musste. Und so trat ich denn die Nacht unter seinem Dache zu verbringen. alltaglich in Chaudrons Mutfersprache und an Robert Chaudron heran mit der Bitte, an hundertmal am Tage in jederlei Zusammenkang seinem Unterricht der alten Sprachen teilnehmen "Die Schatten der Berge". so ungefahr sagt er, benutzt, empfing in diesem Augenblick und aiis zu dUrfen. Er flosste mir, wie manche, die spater " fallen schon tiefer ins Tal. ich habe gerostete dem Munde meines Freundes einen neuen Sinn meine Freunde wurden, bei unserer ersten Begeg­ Kastanien und gepressfen Kase in meiner Hiitte ftir mich. Er erteilte mir ein Beispiel, eine Lehre. nung eher Furcht ein, obwohl er um einige Jahre und ein Lager aus weichem Laub." die ich mir wohl gemerkt habe. Ich kannte jUnger war als ich und kaum dreissig zur Zeit Der genaue Wortlaut der Verse ist mir nicht Chaudron bisher als einen Mann, dessen Trieb unserer Bekanntschaft. Aber seine schmalen, fest mehr gegenwartig, und ich habe auch keinen nach personlicher Freiheit und Unabhangigkeif so zusammengepressten Lippen mit den abwarts Virgil zur Hand, wahrend ich dies schreibe. Es stark war, dass er ihn zum Sonderiing und fast zum gezogenen Mundwinkeln gaben ihm ein strenges. konnte auch keine Obersetzung, wie gut sie auch Eingenbrotler machte. Eben darum war er mein fast abweisendes Aussehen und hatten unschwer sei, einen Begriff geben von der ergreifenden Freund. Aber da nun etwas tiber uns kam, das den vor der Zeit gramlich gewordenen Schulmeister Schonheit des lateinischen Gedichts. Trauer und ihm starker und machtiger schien als wir es waren, in ihm vermuten lassen, ware ihm nicht eine Trost des Abends sind in diesem Liede, ewige widersetzte er sich ihm nicht, sondern nahm es an. Strahne hellblonden, bubenhaft-unordentlichen Verlassenheit und vergangliche Zuflucht des Es bedeutete ihm wie mir die Verleugnung, ja Haares bestandig in die Stirne gefallen, und hatte Menschen, und der versinkende Glanz der Zerstorung alles dessen, woran er glaubte und er nicht die verfraumtesten blauen Augen, den Diimmerung ist schwermiitig-friedvoll dartiber woftir er lebte. Aber wahrend ich mich noch giitigsten Blick bessessen, den ich je in einem ausgebreitet. angsfvoll fragte, was denn aus uns beiden dabei Menschenantiitz gesehen habe. werden wiirde, ihm und mir, war er schon ent­ Robert Chaudron, wahrend er die Verse mit uns schlossen, einem Gesetz zu folgen, das, unbekum- Chaudron stammte aus einem Dorf in den ubersetzte, liess an dieser Sfelle das Buch sinken mert, ob wir as anerkannten oder nicht, von uns Vogesen, in dem sein Vater als Arzt praktizierfe. und sah tiber den Text hinweg lachelnd zu mir forderte, " de faire comrae tout le monde ", zu tun und er erzahlte mir spafer, dass er die Tage seiner heriiber. Er hielt das Buch so vor sich aus­ und zu leiden, was alle anderen auch erliften und Kindheit am liebsten damit zubrachte, von den gebreitet, als wolle auch er mir die gastlichen taten. Hohen seiner waldigen Vogesenberge in die Gaben des Virgilschen Hirten darreichen, und als Die MUnchener Krise fiel wiedemm in der Zeit schimmernd grline Rheinebene herabzublicken bate sein Lacheln zugleich um Nachsiclit dafilr, der grossen Ferien, die mich von Chaudron und hiniiber zu der blaulich dammernden Linie des dass er dem Vertriebenen nicht mehr anzubieten trennten. Er war in seinem Heimafdorf in den Schwarzwalds. So war ihm von friih auf das habe als Brot und den Wein eines unsterblichen Vogesen, ich war allein zwischen unseren alten Nachbarland im Glanz eines Marchenlandes Gedichtes, dazu seine eigene bestandige Freund­ Klostermauern zuriickgeblieben. (Ich vergass zu erschienen, und alles, was ihm spater von driiben schaft und die fliichtige Gastlichkeit seines Landes. sagen, dass unsere Schule in einem ehemaligen kam, die Sprache dieses Landes, seine Poesie Benediktinerkloster untergebracht war.) Ein zumal, von der er einiges auf der Schule lernte, Solche Augenbhcke waren seitcn mit Robert Freund, der von der Schweiz nach Amerika bewahrte fiJr ihn und verstarkte noch diesen fruhen Chaudron. Er war ein Schwarmer, der sich seines auswanderte, bat mich, ihn in Belfort zwischen Marchenzauber. Es war mir seltsam genug, im Oberschwanges schamte und ihn vor sich und zwei Ziigen zu treffen. Die franzosische Mobil- Herzen eines Franzosen das Bild des Vaterlandes anderen verbarg. Mit Strenge und Nachdruck machung war schon in vollem Gang an jenem wiederzufinden, wie ich es selber einst geliebt hatte, bestand er darauf, dass ich fiir meine Examina Sepfembersonnfag, an dem ich nach Belfort fuhr. das mir aber nun von den eigenen Landsleuten arbeitete, und verhalf mir dazu, sie zu bestehen. In Nancy hatte ich umzusteigen. Der Bahnhof besudelt und zertreten war, noch bevor sie es der Er konnte mir nicht zu dem Ziele verhelfen, das tchien bereits in eine Art Heerlager verwandelt ganzen Welt zum Greuel und Abscheu machten ich mit ihnen hatfe erreichen wollen. Es lag mir und war milifarisch besetzt. Die vielen Zivilisfen, und iiber das Land meines Freundes so namenloses auch nicht mehr viel daran. War es noch langer die man noch sah, reisten nichf mehr zu ihrem Unheil brachten. sinnvoU, die Zukunft planen und " aufbauen " zu V'ergnugen, sondern kehrten iibersttirzt und wollen in einer Welt, die dem Kriege zutrieb ? verstorf aus den Ferien zuruck. Ich musste den Bei unserem ersten Gesprach verhiclf Robert Man liess mich weiterhin deuischen Unterricht Bahnsteig wechsein und machle unferwegs an Chaudron sich abwartend. Nachdem ich ihm mein geben, obwohl man mich und raeinesgleichen einem Zeifungsstand Halt. Als ich einmal von den Anliegen vorgebracht hatte, fragte er mich, mit immer weniger gerne sah jm Lande. Aber solange fettgedruckten Ueberschriften der Blatter auf- einem leisen Unferton von Missbilligung. wie mir ich Robert Chaudron noch taglich sehen konnte blickte, sah ich Chaudron neben mir. schien: Ich holte ihn jetzt jeden Abend zu einem " Sie fuhren den deutschen Doktorfitel ?" Spaziergang ab. Er hatte mir den Blick fiir die Er hafte mich noch nicht bemerkt und ich Landschaft erschlossen, die mir zu Anfang ein- zogerte, ihn zu begriissen. Er war aschgrau im Ich antwortete ihm lachend mit dem uns tonig und niederdriickend erschienen war. Die Gesicht und sah fiirchterlich ernst aus. Der gelaufigen, wahrhaftig nicht mehr neuen Scherz, Maas floss durch flache Wiesen, die von Kanalen schmale Mund mit den herabgezogenen Mund­ dass dieser Tifel nicht viel bedeute und nicht viel durchzogen waren. Aber gegen Abend stieg oft winkeln hatfe seinen abweisenden Zug verloren, mehr sei als ein zweiter Vomame, den wir unserem eifl dichter weisser Nebel vom Flusse auf, der sich dafiir aber einen Ausdmck von tiefem Gram ersten hinzufijgten. Aber diese Auskunft schien wie ein zauberischer Mantel iiber das Land legte angenommen. Chaudron tmg einen graublauen, eine unerwartete Wirkung auf ihn zu haben. Er und es verwandelte. Die Tiere, die auf den fast farblos wirkenden Regenmantel, obwohl der stimmte in mein Lachen ein und forderte mich Wiesen weideten, standen unbeweglich—vor- Tag heiss und sonnig war, dazu sein rundes blaucs auf, jhn noch am gleichen Nachmittag zu besuchen. welflich-geisterhaffen Kreaturen gleich, in dem Kappchen, das Beret, das von Staub ond Alter Einige Zeit nachher, als wir Freunde geworden stillen weissen Brodem, der alles rings einhiillte. Fortsetzung auf Seite 15 AJR INFORMATION June, I960 Page 9 Josef Fraenkel Old Acquaintances

THEODOR HERZL AND THE BRITISH It started 28 years ago:—Otto Preminger was in his early twenties when he visited Berlin in ROYAL COMMISSION 1932 for the first and the last time to produce the comedy, " Essig und Oel", with Hans Moser The appearance in London of Theodor Herzl asked to come fo London from abroad. The at the Kammerspiele. It was a great success for before fhe Royal Commission on Alien Immigra­ decision, too, signified the first official recognition the young man who had given up his career as tion, was of fhe greatest importance to fhe future of the authority of the Zionist Organisation by an actor because he had already become bald of political Zionism. It paved the way for the England. and did not want fo play juvenile leads in a wig. first contacts with the British Government and for It was nof until June 4th, while he was in Paris, A year later in Vienna Preminger sat in Max 'he negotiations which ultimately led to the that Herzl received the invitation. His first Reinhardt's chair at the Theater in der Josefstadt. Balfour Declaration. reaction was that now, in London, too, the As thers was nothing in his native city he could Although fhis event was of greater significance decision had to be reached between himself and achieve, he accepted the first offer fo go to 'han Herzl's meeting with Kaiser Wilhelm II or Rothschild—" Combat or Reconciliation ". Hollywood and signed a contract with one of the Even with Sultan Abdul Hamid 11, it has, strange Herzl had hardly arrived in London when a major studios. SS it may seem, hardly been mentioned in books telegram recalled him. His father, Jacob, had on the history of Zionism. died on June 9fh, and Herzl returned fo Vienna Two years ago Preminger read Leon Uris's Herzl was a frequent visitor to London. Here at once. A few weeks later, on July 4th, he •• Exodus " and decided to turn the novel into a he published his first Zionist article, became an came fo London again and on fhe same day picture, not knowing the book would become a honorary member of the Maccabeans, addressed he met Lord Rothschild for the first time. The world best-seller. The story of the foundation of several meetings in Whifechapel, and was given battle on the Jewish problem opened between the new State of Israel interested Preminger, a triumphal welcome in the East End. He was fwo honest men with different world conceptions. though the Metro still had an option on it. After enthusiastically acclaimed at the Fourth Zionist long negotiations he acquired fhe rights. J-ongress (August, 1900) and yet the "official" "Take Uganda" •' Exodus " is one of the very few fictional books leaders of Enghsh Jewry remained very distant, Herzl was always willing fo link his Zionism Ben-Gurion read and liked, and Preminger .'hey turned their backs upon him, completely with England. When he explained his plans to decided to shoot the violent and moving recent Ignored him and refused to have anything to do Lord Rothschild and said "I want a Jewish history as and where it happened 13 years ago. *ith his Movement. Of course, Zionism had colony within the British Empire ", Lord Roth­ A nation relives its history:—Invited amongst several thousand members in London and Herzl schild replied: "Take Uganda". Herzl refused. others by Otto Preminger, I flew to Tel Aviv. had many political friends, but they did not He did not wish to have Uganda, but a country The director seems to have taken over the entire belong to the " official " Jews. The only one was in fhe vicinity of Palestine—the " Sinai Peninsula, country for the production of " Exodus ", scripted 'he Haham, Dr. M. Gasfer, but his Sephardic the Egyptian part of Palestine or Cyprus". Lord by the boycotted Hollywood author Dalton eommunity let it be known that Gasfer did not Rothschild agreed. Trambo. ••epresent them as far as Zionism was concerned. Uganda ! Herzl heard this name for the first Preminger has his own police force for the For seven years Herzl tried in vain to see the time from Lord Rothschild a long fime before protection of his prominent cast. David Ben Ami hfst Lord Rothschild, the representative of the Uganda conflict in the Zionist Organisation. is played by Michael Wager, who relives his real- ^nglish Jewry. From his first appearance on the Ten months later, in April 1903, the British life adventures in " Exodus ", The son of Meyer Jewish scene there had been a " si ent" struggle— Minister, Joseph Chamberlain, said to Herzl : WeisgalJ of Tel Aviv's Weizmann Institute (which ^ kind of "cold war"—between Herzl and the " I saw a country for you on my journey- will receive all the money the film takes in Israel) Rothschilds. Baron Edmond de Rothschild of Uganda." Wager came as a visitor from the States 13 years J'aris, if is true, was fhe soul of the Hovevei Zion. The first conversation with Lord Rothschild ago and became the voice of the secret Jewish but he was a fierce opponent of political Zionism. had started on a note of tension, but finished in radio during the Battle for Independence. |-ord Rothschild left the question of Palestine a friendly spirit. If was continued on July 7th. Every evening the film rushes are flown to ?o the Baron and did not wish to be involved 1902, when Herzl appeared before the Royal Hollywood, from where they return a week later !" 'he matter. But Herzl was obsessed with the Commission. First of all a lengthy statement to be screened in Haifa's biggest cinema, where '"ea that a Rothschild must be won over to his by Herzl was read ouf, in which he described the Austrian " Dreimaederlhaus " is now success­ Pfoject. With the help of Lord Rothschild he Zionism, the position of the Jews and the fully showing. German pictures are still not Was certain that he could soon achieve the necessity for a Jewish Stafe. Jews and Jewish wanted in Israel. Preminger has signed on solution of the Jewish question. But it was migrants had to have a country which was simpler to meet kings and ministers and to win always prepared to receive them. Thereafter General Rome, who commanded fhe British troops jnem over, than fo meet a Rothschild. About Herzl was questioned by the members of the and directed the operations against the terrorists, jj^ji a dozen personalities had intervened on his Commission. Lord Rothschild wanted a definition and the Israeli Government has loaned him oehalf, but Lord Rothschild refused to receive of the terms " Jewish Nation " and " Zionism " Colonel Rivlin, formerly of fhe Haganah, as '"e "demagogue" Herzl. and asked whether a " disciple of Dr. Herzl and adviser. The ex-enemies have forgiven each other a Zionist" could at the same time be a good now, and they fight the old battles again for the Enghshman or American. Lord Rothschild's screen. Commission Set Up questions gave Herzl the opportunity of explain­ " Exodus" is a controversial book, and Thine invitation to Herzl to appear before the ing and clarifying these matters. curiously enough the Israelis disapprove of the "^oyal Commission as an expert on the Jewish From the questions and answers if was clear novel more than the British ; they feel the anti- question altered fhe picture entirely. The pro- that Herzl aspired to Palestine or land in the British sentiments of the original are over- ren"^ of immigration (not only Jewish) had vicinity—on the road to Palestine. Jewish dramatised. .fP^^edly occupied the House of Commons and colonisation in the Argentine could not be Ofcifuory .—Wilhelm Herzog has died in :"^pHouse of Lords, especially after fhe pogroms successful. Though the conditions for agricultural Munich at fhe age of 76. Best known for his Jl KUssia and Rumania. At the request of Major development were very good fhere, something play, " Affaire Dreyfus ", he edited " Maerz ". ^- t- Evans Gordon, M.P., a Royal Commission was lacking—which all fhe money in the world " Pan" and " Forum", together with H. I. th ^ Immigration was set up to enquire into could not buy—an ideal, an inspiration for the Rehfisch, and was married to Erna Morena. He "5. character and extent of fhe evils which are Jews. survived fhe Nazi regime in Trinidad and the gjj'hufed to the unrestricted immigration of The cautious Herzl could not and did not wish States, and returned fo Germany a few vears ago. to discuss details about Palestine under Turkish —38-year-old Wolfgang Mueller, a gifted wThc Chairman was Lord Hereford, a Cabinet lule, or his plans in general in public, and he cabarettist, who also partnered W. Neuss in Lo I^'^f- One of the other six members was therefore asked the Chairman for a private talk. films ("Wir Wunderkinder"), died in an air int Rothschild who for many years had Lord Hereford told Herzl that England would crash near Lugano.—Carl Braun, fhe 74-year-old "terested himself in the welfare of Jewish collaborate in the realisation of his plan, if Lord opera singer and partner of Emmy Destinn and '"migrants. The first public sitting of the Rothschild could be persuaded to take an active Fneda Hcmpel. has died in Hamburg. ommission was on April 24th, 1902 and, during interest in Zionism. 5, ^"'ings, 175 witnesses were questioned. Their Herzl's friendship and co-operation with Lord PEM with"^^"'^ were read with close attention, even Rothschild, though not always harmonious, was Jew ^'^^''^"lent, by the public, particularly the a blessing for Zionism. In the two years which Herzl still had to live, he managed, with fhe a„yhe second witness, Mr. Amold White, the help of Lord Rothschild, to forge the link between Gorta RadioTision ^uthor of the book "The Modem Jew" (1899). Britain and Zionism. w * the attention of the Commission to the The Royal Commission on Alien Immigration Service of ^Tf"' which had as ifs aim fhe establishment was appointed by fhe Salisbury Government, but (.Mcmbtr R.T.R A.) f^ Hebrew State of Zion", and he suggested its Final Report was submitted to fhe new 'hat" Dr Herzl. as an authority, should be invited Balfour Government in August, 1903. The debate 13, Frognal Parade, to appear. He considered Herzl as influential on Alien Immigration was long-drawn, and FiBchley Road, N.W.3 i'"n .international Jewry" as Lord Rothschild English politicians concerned with it—among them Wv ^^^ Jewish community of England. Balfour and young Churchill—had to study SALES REPAIRS .: !;h!te's sucaestion was mst bv strong opposi- Herzl's evidence. Years later, they were both All Leading Makes Supplied the (^ Rothschild's. The controversy within fated fo play a decisive role in fhe realisation of Electrical Appliances Stocked gif ^ottimission went on for weeks, but eventu- Herzl's dream. On November 2nd, 1917. Arthur n^, 'he proposal was adopted, though Lord James Balfour sent a letter to Lord Lionel Walter Mr. Gort will always be pleased u> .^^ll'schild was not enthusiastic. Herzl was Rothschild, the son of fhe first Lord Rothschild. advise you. ami as "President of the Zionist Congress" This letter is known as the " Balfour ° was the onlv expert on the Jewish question Declaration ". (HAM. 8635) Page 10 AJR INFORMATION June, I960 W. Rosenstock Mosse and of Walfher Rafhenau are given in essays by Werner E. Mosse and Eduard Rosen­ baum. Of particular value, because of their RECORDS OF OUR HERITAGE immediate impact, are autobiographical notes by Selmar Spier of Frankfurt, and by the author, Jacob Picard, whose family lived for many genera­ Fourth Year Book of Leo Baeck Institute tions in a village by fhe Bodensee, A survey of Jewish translations of the Bible in Germany is given by Schalom Ben-Chorin. Again the Leo Baeck Institute has presented us " Werkleute " as a Socialist Jewish national youth with a new volume of its annual Year Book, movement in Germany would have taken if his­ As in previous issues, the editor Robert Wellsch, edited by Robert Welfsch.* Its 360 pages com­ tory had developed in a different direction. in his introduction, succeeds in making fhe reader prise 20 contributions on various subjects of aware of the links between the variety of subjects Whilst for the " Werkleute" Zionism was the to which this fourth Year Book is dedicated. German-Jewish history since the emancipation last stage, it was the ideological foundation of period. The reviewer of such a publication is the Zionist Students' movement, whose history is In summing up one feels tempted to vary the always in a predicament—if he wants to convey recorded by Walter Gross. The social back­ famous preface of J. H. Voss to his " Iliad" to fhe reader a proper idea of the full contents, he ground of the members was not different from translation : Ignore this " review " which is any­ would have to write several reviews, because each that of fhe followers of fhe non-Zionist K.C. and how only a rather incomplete enumeration of essay is a self-contained entity. Alternatively, of the " paritaetische " F.W.V. The author rightly headings, and read the Year Book itself. You if he selects a few contributions for special con­ recalls that several veterans of the German will find it extremely informative, stimulating and sideration, he does not do justice to fhe equally Zionist movement originated from the K.C. and thought-provoking. valuable work of fhe other authors. However, that others, such as Professor Franz Oppenheimer, under fhe circumstances, the latter course seems had been members of the F.W.V. Gross describes to be the lesser evil. in detail the various ramifications of the move­ Approaching the Year Book in this way, the ment, fhe controversies about a predominantly A JEWISH STORY WITHOUT selection is bound to be determined by the political Zionism or participation in fhe work of reviewer's personal interests. In the present thc Jewish " Gemeinden ", and about maintaining GLAMOUR reviewer's opinion, particular importance has to be or abolishing the typical customs of students' attributed fo those essays which refer to the last fraternities in Germany. Gradually, the affiliates At a time when most Jewish-American writers decades of Jewish history in Germany. Their of the movement ceased to be " schlagende Ver­ are intent on showing fhe decadence of the Jewish authors do not compile or assess written material bindungen ", and, whilst in the non-Zionist camp, character it is heartening ito find one who has not already in existence, but base their contributions there was all the difference in fhe world between forgotten the fundamental tenets of the Jewish mainly on personal recollections. They thus pre­ fhe German-Jewish fraternity K.C. and the religion and who, in his novel, brings them fo serve for future historiography events which other­ German-Jewish youth movement, membership in light and shows their unshakable and incorruptible wise might fall info oblivion. At the same fime, the Zionist fraternity K.J.V. and the Zionist youth strength. Bernard Malamud in his latest book speaking from personal experience, they recapture movement " Blau-Weiss " was nof incompatible : " The Assistant "* does just that. There are really the atmosphere which gave particular colour to on fhe contrary, in spite of many differences at two stories in the novel. On the one hand we the happenings and which was at least as import­ certain periods, both were on the whole closely have the story of the Jewish family, simple, ant as fhe bare facts. This does nof imply that linked. straightforward and without ramifications. A articles which deal with earlier periods might have poor grocer, Morris Bober, and his wife, Ida, fied been written in the same way by any historian to their miserable shop, without hope; their now or at a lafer time. Certainly, these essays Controversies on Integration daughter. Helen, thwarted by poverty from acquir­ too gain stature by the fact that their authors ing a wider education, worjcing for a nondescript were part and parcel of the Jewish communities in However, all these trends among members of firm, clinging fo her integrity which, for her, is German-speaking countries and can therefore the last and last but one generation of German the finding in love of the fulfilment of womanhood. speak with fhe authority of the insider. The dif­ Jewry have fo be seen in their wider historical Nothing spectacular happens. Within the hopeless ference is thus not a matter of principle, but of context. Whilst, notwithstanding the numerous circle we see the couple struggling against their degree. However, the more the Leo Baeck repercussions and limitations, for them emancipa­ fate, which, being self-made, can have no issue. Institute tries to concentrate on recent history, tion was more or less an established fact, the Finally Morris Bober dies. the more valuable, because more specific, its con­ question of whether and under which terms the It is in ihe delineation of Morris Bober's tribution to Jewish historiography in general and Jews should be integrated info the life of fhe to the preservation of the German-Jewish heritage character that Malamud brings a tender and pro­ nation, was the subject of thorough and even found understanding and shows the eternal values will be. passionate controversies during the first part of fhe nineteenth cenfury. The starting point of one of the Jewish ideals. Morris Bober is unsophisti­ of these discussions was fhe pamphlet of the cated and simple. He has been unsuccessful Essays on Youth Movements Christian theologian Bruno Bauer. " Die Juden­ throughout his life and yet he has not been a frage ". Its contents and the reaction to it among failure. Moulded as he has been by the teachings of fhe Torah. his supreme arbiter, he remains to If is under fhis aspect that the essays on one Jews and non-Jews are dealt with by Nathan section of fhe Jewish youth movement (" Die Rotenstreich. Karl Marx's famous essay " Zur the end faithful to the tenets of Judaism, and Werkleute" by Eliyahu Maoz-Mosbacher) and Judenfrage " was among those publications which utterly uncorrupted by experience; true greatness, of the Jewish Students' movement ("The Zionist were provoked by Bauer, and thus the perennial indeed I Morris Bober reminded me of that other Students' Movement" by Walter Gross) are of question of whether fhe Jewish problem would simple man, Ernie Levy, so briiliantiy portrayed particular interest. Contrary fo large-scale automatically be solved once the structure of by Schwarz-Bart in his book "Thc Last of the political movements, these types of communal society has been thoroughly changed, is brought Just". Morris is not so blatantly a saint but fhe ventures do not lend themselves very easily to home to us anew. The problem had a different springs that move Emie Levy jn his quest for systematic analyses. The human relationship from complexion in a multi-national stafe like Austria, martyrdom are those that dictate Morris Bober's member to member is often of a greater impact where the Jewish participant of fhe 1848 revolu­ conduct of his life: an identification with the than fhe "ideology " ; also, more than in any other tion, Adolf Fischhof, advocated autonomy for fhe Torah and acceptance of his fate in accordance sphere, fhe author has to rely on his own recol­ national minorities of the Empire ; Werner with God's Law. lections and not on written programmes or articles. Cahnman describes the impact of Fischhof's teachings on the aspirations of Jewish national On the other hand we have the story of Frank Maoz succeeds in tracing fhe various trends in thc Alpine, a down-and-out, bewildered and lost in a German-Jewish youth movement " Kameraden ". politicians in the Austria of the lafer days. one of whose offspring the " Werkleute" was. Interesting new factual material on two representa­ world which he does not understand and in which In their longing for a full Jewish life, the people tives of fhe first generation of emancipated Jews he has no roots. He is looking for an anchorage who were to form the " Werkleute" first found is revealed in Hanne Reissener's essay on Felix and comes fo find it in Morris Bober. Here, too, a closer affinity fo Jewish national thoughts, then Mendelssohn-Barfholdy and Eduard Gans. Bernard Malamud shows great compassion in became Zionists and, shortiy after 1933, realised describing Frank Alpine's hesitant gropings and their idea by emigrating fo Palestine where they The approach of modern thinkers to earlier his poignant endeavours to reach maturity and built up Kibbutz " Hazorea". Parallel to fhe periods of our history is interpreted in an essay self-respect. change of their Jewish outlook went a revision of by Robert Raphael Geis who in Hermann Cohen's The two parallel stories are bound by the love their relationship to their non-Jewish environ­ evaluation of the Reformation defects a strong which slowly and painfully develops between ment. They felt that they were in a specific affinity to Protestant thought. Similarly, based on Frank and Helen, who rescognises his value as a position as Jews and rejected the cosmopolitan partly unpublished material, Hans Liebeschuetz human being and yet is checked in her feelings attitude of politically left-wing Jewish intellectuals. deals with Jacob Burckhardt's conception of fhe by her racial prejudice that he is not a Jew. On the other hand, their Jewish consciousness did relationship between Church and Jewry in the not imply a negation of the " Galuth". As Middle Ages. If would be preposterous to fry There is no glamour in the book; it is an Socialists they claimed to have a legitimate place to eive the gist of these fwo scholarly papers unvarnished picture of the life of fhe Bober family in the Socialist movement of Germany. Dis­ within the limited space of this brief review. without frills or adornments ; there are no high­ approving of the politics both of fhe Social Demo­ That anti-British and anti-Jewish trends were lights to relieve the miserable monotony of their crats and of the Communists, they supported fhe linked up in the minds of various German existence. And yet one closes the book strangely left-wing Socialist " Sozialistische Arbeiter- noliticians, is made evident in fhe essay by H. D. refreshed and reinvigorated ; for Malamud, with­ Partei ". Knowing now that the victory of Nazism Schmidt. out sentimentality, shows us fhat he believes in the was by no means fhe only feasible solution of positive values of human nature and makes us the German crisis during the last period of fhe The organisation of Jewish welfare in Germany share his belief, Weimar Republic, one wonders which course the is dealt with by Giora Lofan (Georg Lubinski) in " Die Zentralwohlfahrfsstelle", A. Szanto in P. AVIGES. " Jewish Aid in the Nazi Era" and Alexander * Yew Book rv or tbc Leo Bntk luUtBtc. East and West Library. London. 1959. 35/-. Free to members of lie Society Philippsborn in "The Jewish Hospitals in * The Assbtant, by Bernard Malamud. 222 pp.. Eyre A of Friend-i of the IB I Germany". Facets from the lives of Rudolf Spottiswoodc. London. 169. AJR INFORMATION June. I960 Page II f^enneth Ambrose frankly, we are much happier on our own, or with a little part-time help. You cannot extract one particular item from a whole way of life in one country or at one time and compare it with THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS a corresponding one from another country or period. But if you have fhe knowledge and the Twenty-four years ago to the day I arrived at they are more adventurous in some and more insight, and can wield a pen or a typewriter, you Piy English public school in Somerset, with a good inventive in others ; thc natives of some countries can re-create an atmosphere before if disappears knowledge of English, but otherwise a fairly typical are more forthcoming, and the houses in others irrevocably into the past. wrman middle-class teenager of sixteen, who are better fitted to the climate than ours. All If I try fo stand back and take a look at myself Happened to have the wrong religion for his generalisations are dangerous, and all countries at the gateway to middle-age and after nearly country of origin. Twenty years ago last August have good and bad points, yet on the whole I a quarter-century in this country, it seems fo me 'he Home Office intimated that it was no longer feel I would rather live here than in any other that I have turned out surprisingly normal. I prepared to extend my permit (" student country I know. have become used to being judged not for where employee " bv then), and Bloomsbury House asked My war-time experience as an internee, a I come from, but for what 1 am. The continuous "le to call o'n September 4th, 1939, and discuss civilian, and a member of the R.A.P., were, in need of my early days of having to " explain" With them what I proposed doing next. Needless to a way, self-cancelling : internment didn't make Jews or Germans to curious islanders has gone. *ay, by the time my interview was due no one me anti-British, nor did the R.A.F. give me a Gone, for instance, is the little boy at my school Worried about the technicalities of our permits. in Taunton who asked me with wide-eyed astonish­ life-long ex-Service mentality. ment, " Are you really Jewish ? I always thought Twenty-four years after my arrival I am by all In what way, then, am I not exactly like my you were German ", and who was promptly treated appearances one of the British middle-class. I live neighbour ? Mainly, I suppose, in my sense of fo a lengthy lecture in return. Gone, too, are With my family in a small house with a garden, the past. I have a pronounced leaning towards the days when I thought half of London's societies Work for a large Anglo-Jewish firm, my boys go history, which to me is not a lot of dates, kings were waiting for me fo lecture to them on behalf 'o or are entered for a good public school (not and battles, but an attempt at understanding how of the Jewish Defence Committee (I never, in ^ boarders, though : I still believe a good home people lived and thought in other times than fact, got further than the training course for •lie is better). I march off to work in the morning our own. When applied to my own and our lecturers). I am just a relaxed, ordinary citizen With briefcase and rolled umbrella to catch my collective German-Jewish past, this liking for his­ now, but one, 1 hope, who has a good under­ "•ain just like my neighbours, and on Sundays I tory takes the form of a desire not to forget, nor standing of both the older generation of refugees Wash my car if necessary, do the minimum of to allow the world at large to forget, how we used who were unable to outgrow the habits and gardening, and enjoy my family and home. My to live and what horrors some of us had to thoughts of their earlier days, and of the younger ctiildren only understand the few words of German undergo. I don't mean just the Nazi era by this, generation to which these habits are strange. I Which they have leamt from " Oma " and " Opa ". but how quite ordinary Jewish people lived in quite am, it seems to me, getiting the best of both worlds. . »et I am certainly no British jingo-patriot, and ordinary times among their German neighbours. ' atn making sure, as far as I am able, that my Take my two grandfathers, for instance, both The little town where my father was bom emidren won't be either. I appreciate and have of whom died quite a long time before J was born. became Polish after the First World War. The adopted many of the good characteristics of the You won't find them mentioned in your " Graetz," bigger town where I was bom also became Polish •»ritish. A couple of Continental hohdays have " Dubnow " or " Elbogen." One was a shop­ after the Second World War. The vast metropolis reminded me that it is easier to queue than to keeper in a little town near Danzig. 1 imagine in which my children were bom may well become "ght for access on a bus or fram ; reading the he was pretty similar fo fhe littie Jewish shop­ part of a much larger unit than if is at present, Papers sometimes leads to the conclusion that the keepers I came across in the smaller South a European federation, for instance. I should "titish Govemment. although far from ideal, com­ African towns in the last war, but 1 can only very much like my children fo know what it felt pares favourably with that of many other countries. speculate from such scanty evidence as a few old like to live " in the olden days" (when I was } think the sense of social responsibility is high photographs and my father's occasional remini­ their age). Perhaps, if 1 get time, I'll write it '" Britain : people pay their faxes without mass scences provide. The other grandfather appears all down for them one day. The professional ^vasion on the whole, they behave responsibly on to have been a fairly typical provincial town historians will sec to it that the dates of the batties '"e road (it isn't the road-users' fault that the worthy, part shopkeeper, part wholesaler. and of the kings and dictators aren't forgotten. roads are completely inadequate !). they help one I hope we shall all do our bit to see that our another without prying into each other's affairs. And again, I like to remember my father's story ordinary lives are not neglected. After all. the\ of how he first saw a steam train and was afraid are the backcloth of the history of tomorrow. '*' they certainly work harder in other countries. the engine would topple over on to him, or my mother's recollections of having been one of the first woman cyclists in her town and having fhe local boys ran after her, throwing stones. The I first cinema in our town happened lo have been installed in my grandmother's house and, although ^ith the Compliments of by the time I knew it it was quite advanced and the movies were just giving place to fhe "talkies ". I still like to think of it as it must have been when " Herr Blauert" first opened it. I remem­ ALRECO METAL ber our elementary school teacher lighting the gas- lamps in class, and how dim our electric hght was in the home, made even dimmer by using horrid dark shades, which were completely accepted at CORPORATION LTD. the time ; our bathroom plumbing seemed quite normal to me when I was young, but in retrospect it was rather primitive. Metals, Chemicals, Ores and When my parents mentioned someone's brother THE ATLANTIC METAL or father, and added, " You don't know bim, he Residues was killed in the war ", this didn't mean anything to me. I couldn't imagine them as people, in CO. LTD. a way that I do now in fhe case of casualties in the Second World War or victims of the Nazis. Now I am most an.xious that the last two catastrophes. World War II and the Nazis, should mean something to my fwo boys in terms of human For life, when they are big enough to understand that all people have feelings, hopes and needs when Ferrous and Non-Ferrous fhey are alive, no matter whether if is 1860 or B I960, Britain or Bechuanaland. I have a very moving last letter from two of my aunts written Metals in the PoHsh hell in 1940. I should hate to think that this might be treated as a "curiosity" by my children or anyone else. It is a human document, written by real people, and I hope I shall be able to make them come alive for my children who never knew than. Yet, though I differ from my British-born neigh­ bour by having this chunk of human history inside Adelphi Terrace House, me, I cannot say that I differ sufficiently to suffer from the " bei uns" mentality nor the " in fhe London, W.C.2 good old days " outlook. Maybe the pipes " bei uns " didn't freeze up in thc winter, but sanitation 15-23, St. Pancras Way, in general is still several times better in this Fulton Road, Wembley Park, country. Maybe also that the shop assistants London, N.W,1. " bei uns " were much more anxious to please, but Middlesex. they were equally anxious fo please any govem­ EUSton 9001 /7 ment, even Hitler's. Of course, " in fhe good old days" one was able fo have servants, but. Page 11 AJR INFORMATION June, I960 ANNIVERSARY OF THE WARSAW OBITUARY PROFESSOR GOTTHOLD WEIL GHETTO REVOLT Professor Dr. Golthold (Eljakim) Weil recently April 19th, the 17th anniversary of the Jewish perished, held at fhe Princes Theatre, London, died in Jerusalem, in his 78th year. For several heroes who revolted against thc Nazis in the on May 8th, was attended by a vast audience. decades he held a position with the Pmssian State Warsaw Ghetto, was commemorated all over the Major Harry Bernstein, Chairman of Ajex, Library in Berlin, and was head of its Oriental world. In Warsaw, 4,000 people paid silent tribute who was one of the speakers, recalled the recent Department from 1918 onwards. In 1931 he at the foot of the Ghetto Memorial. The majority anti-Semitic outbreaks and paid tribute to fhe became a Professor at the Frankfurt University, were Jews from many parts of Poland but there as successor to Professor Josef Horovitz. Profes­ reaction by the British Press. The danger of sor Weil was an active Zionist since his student were also representatives of fhe Polish Govern­ racialism, he said, had also to be our concern if ment, of all political parties, the army and of days, and, in 1935, became Director of the Jewish it referred to happenings at Littie Rock or Notting National and University Library in Jemsalcm. cultural and social associations. The Israeli Hill. Minister and members of the Israeli Diplomatic staff as well as representatives of the " Joint", Mr. Michael Cliffe, M.P., expressed grave con­ BENEDIKT KAUTSKY Ort and various Jewish institutions, headed the cern that no adequate reference to the Nazi Jewish delegation which marched to the Memorial. atrocities was made in German educational books. Both he and Sir Leslie Plummer, M.P., strongly Benedikt Kautsky, who, like his father, Karl The number of non-Jews who participated in this Kautsky, was actively associated with the Socialist anniversary was larger than on previous occasions. protested against the fact fhat the statutory limita­ tion for the prosecution of Nazi criminals had not movement, has died in Vienna at the age of The anniversary was preceded by special been extended, leaving many guilty men in 65 years. From 1938 to the end of the war he lectures on the Ghetto Uprising in all Polish Germany at large. was imprisoned in several concentration camps ; his experiences during those years are laid down schools and it was given special prominence in In Stockholm mass rallies were held to com­ the Polish Press and radio. It was also televised in a widely recognised sociological study, " Teufel memorate fhe Jewish victims of Nazism and the und Verdammte ". Benedikt Kautsky's publica­ for the first time. After the ceremony at the Warsaw Ghetto revolt. Memorial, a mass meeting attended by enormous tions also include the edition of the letters of crowds, was held in the Warsaw Philharmonic Nearly one thousand people commemorated the Rosa Luxemburg (a close friend of his mother, Hall. Addresses were given by the Minister of six million martyrs at a solemn assembly organised Louise Kautsky) and of the correspondence Culture and by the Chairman of the Executive by the Sydney Jewish Board of Deputies on fhe between Friedrich Engels and Karl Kautsky. of fhe Social and Cultural Union of Jews in anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Poland, who spoke in Yiddish. April 24th was "Deportation Day"—the 15th anniversary of the liberation of the German con­ DR. HERMANN VOLLMER Special services and ceremonies were held on centration camps in France. More than a hundred Sunday, April 24th, throughout the United States, meetings were held in Paris and the provinces, Dr. Hermann Vollmer, the pediatrician, has died Canada, Latin America, Europe, Africa, as well and a minute's silence was observed in all sports in New York. He was an authority on child as in Israel and a number of communities in the stadiums. Two ceremonies were held at the psychology and, before leaving Germany, he was Far East. In Israel, it was a day of public Memorial to the Unknown Jewish Martyr in Paris. attached to the Auguste Victoria House in Berlin. mourning for fhe Warsaw Ghetto fighters. The first to commemorate fhe six million Jews In New York he took a particular inferest in the The meeting convened in memory of the War­ who were killed by the Nazis, and the second to treatment and prevention of tuberculosis in saw Ghetto Uprising and fhe six million Jews who the memory of the Warsaw Ghetfo heroes. children.

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Corwtt Sifhmette Ltd., $4 taktr Street, tondon, W.f The leading GAS LIGHTER, from GBn AJR INFORMATION June, 1960 Page 13 AJR AT WORK HERZL BUND MEETING IN TEL AVIV AJR GENERAL MEETING BAZAAR AT LEO BAECK HOUSE A Most Successful Venture A meeting of all members of the Herzl Bund At the well-attended General Meeting on was recently hdd in Tel Aviv. The Herzl Bund, 2'^y 17th under the chairmanship of Dr. H. More than 300 people, including the Mayor originally founded in Germany in 1912 and fo •^eichmann, the Executive and Board were and several Councillors of the Borough of which, at that time, hundreds of young Zionists re-elected in accordance with fhe proposals pub­ Finchley together with their wives, attended the working in commercial occupations belonged, was lished in the previous issue. The following Bazaar held at Leo Baeck House on May 15th. re-established in Israel some years ago. TTie "lembers, who have been associated with the AJR In opening the Bazaar, the Hon. Roger Nathan organisation today has members in Israel, in inrough their work for the Old Age Homes or paid tribute to the memory of Leo Baeck, " that America, and in many European countries. •D other capacities for many years, were also great Jewish leader," whom he had personally ?|ecfed to the Board: Mrs. R. Abels, Dr. P. known and after whom the Home had been The meeting was presided over by Alfred Frank '-napp. Dr. Ema Goldschmidt, Mr. E. K. Hey- named. The exhibits included many articles made and Erich Roth. Dr. Alex Bein (Jerusalem) •"an. Mr. H. C. Mayer, Dr. A. Philippsborn. by the residents themselves who may thus pride delivered a lecture on " The Unknown Herzl and themselves on having done some useful work for the Unknown Zionism" in connection with the .After the reports on the general activities of the refugees of our days for whose benefit a I OOth anniversary of Theodor Herzl. Numerous 'le AJR by Dr. W. Rosensfock and on restitution major part of the proceeds of the Bazaar will be members from all parts of fhe country attended. ^° compensation by Dr. F. Goldschmidt, which used. The remainder is to be allocated to fhe Abraham Bargur, Arthur Beermann, Irvin Epstein, Will be published in detail in the next issue. Dr. Home's Comforts Fund. More than £300 was Bernhard Kochanowski, Willy Preis, Erich Roth, !"• E. Falk of the Executive informed the audience raised, and all presenf enjoyed the atmosphere of Martin Salinger, Joseph Wahl, and Max Wolf were °' an interview with fhe Financial Secretary of fhe particularly well-organised function. elected to the Board of Presidents, with Alfred "je Treasury which had taken place the same Frank as Honorary President. "lorning and which is referred to on page 3. AJR CLUB In opening the discussion, the Chairman The Herzl Bund, while looking back on long­ ^"erated the arguments for and against a change The work of the AJR Club is steadily expand­ standing activities in Zionist life, intends dedicat­ °' the AJR's name. Members expressed various ing and if is very difficult to cater for all needs ing itself now as well fo acute problems, especially *'ews on the subject and those in favour of a in fhe present limited premises. Any readers economic ones, and to be ready to do its share nange also made several proposals for a new who may know of larger premises suitable for this in all real Zionist work, tlf"'t' '^^ matter will be considered further by purpose are requested to contact us at MAI. 4449. th w^^eutive. A number of questions conceming A pubUcation of the history of the Bund is J'e Homes, fhe policy of AJR Information, com- THE HYPHEN planned to mark the 50th anniversary of the ^nsation and taxation, were answered, and The June/July programme of The Hyphen foundation of the organisation. The Board, there­ *?^eral speakers expressed their appreciation of is obtainable from the newly appointed Hon. fore, asks all members and friends to put at its |ne effective work carried out by the AJR in the Secretary, Mrs. A. Winter, 8 Priory Mansions, disposal documents, personal memories, etc., to "'eresf of the community it represents. Priory Park Rd.. London, N.W.6. (Tel. MAI. 9024.) be sent to P.O.B. 2963, Tel Aviv, Israel.

, "HOUSE ARLET " A CAREFREE HOLIDAY ''- St. Gobriel's Rd., London, N.W.Z WORLD-WIDE TRAVEL any time in 'Phone : GLA. 4029 Through BRIGHTON 'silors to London are welcome in my •^^Jisitely fumished ond cultured Privote ot B Guest House. •^Odiofor Heoting, Gorden, TV. Good BARON TRAVEL COMPANY THE MELROSE residential district. MRS LOTTE SCHWARZ 15, EDGWAREBURY GARDENS, HOTEL EDGWARE, MIDDLESEX. The home from home COMFORTABLE HOME Tel.: STOnegrove 5019-8626 with Continentol cooking at Its Cables : TRANSBARON, EDGWARE. best. FOR OLD LADIES MOPRIETOR: J. G. J. BAllON, A.T.A.I. Moderate Terms. 23, REGENCY SQUARE, BRIGHTON, 1 ALWAYS AT YOUR PERSONAL SERVICE 'Phone : Brighton 25149 68, Shoot-up Hill, N.W.2 MEMBER OF TRAVEL TRADE ASSOCIATION ft BRmSH TRAVEL & HOLIDAYS ASSOCIATION Mr. ond Mrs. Andy A. Vogel. •Phone : GLA. 5838

Do Vou want comfort and every con­ venience, ROSEMOUNT f'lST-CLASS ACCOMMODATION, 17 Parsifal Rood, N.W.6 Such pretty things ot Reasonoble HAMp. 5856 [^^^ with own bath, excellent Con- "*ntQl food, TV, lounge, gardens? Prices THE BOARDING HOUSE WITH CULTURE Mrs. A. WOLFF, A Heme for you 3, Hemstal Rood, N.W.6 Elderly people welcomed (MAI. 8521) HARROGATE THE DORICE OAKBRAE GUEST HOUSE Continental Cuisine—Licensed Mrs. M. Eger 3, Springfield Avenue 169a Finchley Rd., N.W.3 Opposite Maiestic Hotel. Few minutes from Royal Baths. (MAI. 6301) PARTIES CATERED FOR BED AND BREAKFAST 'Phone : 67682 SPRINGTIME IN BOURNEMOUTH "THE CONTINENTAL" BRANCHES IN MAIN TOWNS 9, CHURCH ROAD, SIMAR HOUSE SOUTHBOURNE ^e private Continental Hotel DOWNS VIEW BOURNEMOUTH '0 & 24 Herbert Rood FURZEDOWN BOURNEMOUTH WEST PRIVATE HOTEL The ideal place for holidays & convalesc6f>ce 'Phone : Bournemouth 48804 40, BOUVERIE ROAD, W. Large garden with sunshed The House witii the Running h. &c. water in all Ist-flr. t>edrmt. Facing sea ; 2 comfortable Folkestone, Kent, 'Phone: Folkestone 3446. home-like atmosphere Home atmosphere, Continental cooking lounges ; TV ; garden. *6'l known for its excellent food Well known for our excellent cooking cod (all diets), Children welcome honr»ely atmosphere. Gas or electric fir«» Phone: Westbourne 64176 in all rooms. Moderate terms. Mr. & Mrs. H. Schreiber. _ MARGOT SMITH WOOD ROAD. HiNDHEAD, SURREY Prop.: Mrs. J. Conofort. Telephone : Hindheod 335 Page 14 AJR INFORMATION June. I960 PERSONALIA BARONESS ROTHSCHILD WINS CLAIM PROFESSOR DAVID BAUMGARDT 70 OTTO KLEMPERER 75 Baroness Clarice de Rothschild, who claimed between £60,000 and £90,000 for an estate con­ David Baumgardt, who, until 1933, was Profes­ The conductor. Otto Klemperer, celebrated his fiscated by Poland in 1945, has won her claim for sor of Philosophy at the Berlin University, recently 75th birthday on May Mth. Jews from Germany compensation. The Foreign Compensation celebrated his 70th birthday. He has been living have additional reasons for joining in the tributes Commission in London, which heard the claim, in the United States since 1939, where he was paid to him on that occasion. There are few func­ stated that the Baroness had established the estate Consultant in Philosophy for the Congress Library tions in London at which they participate in such was British at the date relevant to the claim. from 1941 to 1954. He also lectured at Columbia strength as at Klemperer's concerts at the Festival November 27th, 1945. University. Hall. For them, he serves as a link with the musical life in Germany before 1933. However, The claim was made on the grounds that the ADOLF GRIMVIE 70 he means more for them than a symbol of the property was illegally seized by the Nazis in an agreement made under the German anti-Jewish Adolf Grimme, who was for many years past: having overcome physical handicaps with Prussian Minister of Culture under the Weimar almost unbelievable energy, he is admired and laws in 1938, along with other German and Republic, recently reached the age of 70. loved by them, as by all those who come under Austrian possessions of the Rothschild family. In common with his colleagues in the Prussian his spell, as one of the great masters of our time. Cabinet, he was removed from office by Papen in 1932. He encountered difficulty under the DOMPROPST LICHTENBERG Nazi regime and, in 1942, he was sentenced for RUDOPLH KELLER 85 COMIVIEMORATED high treason and was imprisoned until he was liberated by the British Forces in 1945. After Dr. Rudolph Keller, former publisher of the In memory of Dompropst D. Bernhard Lichten­ the war he became Minister of Culture for Lower Prager Tagblatt, recently became 85 \ears of berg, a Roman Catholic St. Bernhard Church was Saxony and, later, director of the North-West age. He now Fives in New York. recently consecrated in Berlin-Tegel. Dompropst Gennan Rundfunlc. He has now retired. Lichtenberg was arrested by the Nazis for includ­ ing prayers for the persecuted Jews in his services FRITZ VON UNRUH 75 AWARD FOR GERMAN JEW at the St. Hedwig Cathedral. He eventually died The poet Fritz von Unruh recently celebrated a martyr's death. his 75th birthday in Atlantic City. The scion of Mr. Josef Warscher (Stuttgart), a Board mem­ an old officer's family, he became a pacifist ber of the Federation of Jewish Communities in through the experience of the First World War Wurttemberg and Hohenzollem, was awarded the PROFESSOR HEINEMANN'S PUBLICATION and, unlike most members of his caste, associated German Federal Cross, First Class. himself with the democratic ideals of the Weimar Republic. We have been asked to point out that Professor AWARDS FOR AUSTRALIAN JEWISH F. Heinemann's " Die Philosophie im XX. ELLA WERNER 80 WRITER Jahrhundert" (Klett, Stuttgart) mentioned in our Ella Werner recently celebrated her SOth birth­ previous issue is not a Symposium, but an day in New York. Prior to her emigration, she Mr. Morris West, a Jewish author in Mel­ encyclopaedic work, covering the history of Philo­ played a leading part in the welfare work of the bourne, has won two awards with his novel, " The sophy (including China and India) and the main Frankfurt Jewish community, where she closely Devil's Jackpot". The American National Con­ branches of philosophical research. The dis­ co-operated with the late Bertha Pappenheim. She ference of Christians and Jews has given him its covery of non-Euclidean geometries marks a has continued her efforts on behalf of her fellow- Fiction Award for a notable contribution to revolution in scientific thought which is here Jews in the United States, where she is associated brotherhood and understanding between differing applied to philosophy. The problems of alterna­ with " Self-help" and " Help and Reconstruc­ races and religions, and he has received the James tive logics, mathematics and philosophies are tion ". Tail Black Memorial Prize for Fiction. discussed by experts.

FAMILY EVEXTS FORMER sales assistant for carpets, AJR Needlewoman Service MISSING PERSONS 62, recovered after illness, seeks work Entries in this column are free of WOMEN available for alterations, Personal Enquiries charge. Texts should be sent in by the as messen ger/handyman or similar. mending, handicrafts. 'Phone MAI. liih of the month. Box 684. 4449. Ernst and Johannes Juelich (born CLERK. 80, healthy, active, seeks Accommodation Vacant 1.5.1890 and 1.8.1896 at Koeln). Will Birthdays part-time work f.i. for records or as any person having knowledge of the Colin.—Mr. Leopold Cohn, 60 St. messenger. Good at figures. No LARGE, pleasant, furnished room, whereabouts of these two brothers John's Park Mans., N.19, celebrates typg. Morn. pref. Box 685. use bathroom, Golders Green area, please communicate with Mr. Hel­ his 70th birthday on June 4th. HUNG. REF., 65, some Engl., for Jewish German-speaking lady. muth Hortmann (Solicitor), Blumen- Heldmann, 12 Yew Tree Court, thalstrasse 23, Koeln, Germany. Deaths fluent Hebrew, healthy, seeks full- time job as stockkeeper, inv. clerk, Bridge Lane, N.W.ll. Bruder.—Emil Bruder (formerly knowl. typg. Box 686. ELDERLY LADY seeks congenial Enqufaies by AJR Vienna) passed away on May 2nd at companion share lovely flat High- the age of 80. Women gate, overlooking Waterlow Park. David Borenstein, born 15.10.1898 in Box 691. Radom, and his wife, Sara-Sonje Wolff.—Grete Wolff (formerly Ber­ CZECH REF.. 60, recently arrived. Borenstein, born 8.2.1909 in Radom. lin), 151 Ralph Court, Queensway, Knowl. German, French, Eng., seeks BED.-SIT. in luxury flat, N.2, area, for lady. SPE. 0269 before 12 or Julius Nussbaum, formerly of London, W.2, passed away suddenly post, pref. part-time, as sales assistant Lotharstr., Cologne. Was a repre­ on April 16th, at the age of 71. or receptionist. Box 687. after 7 p.m. ATTRACTIVE single bed-sitting sentative for sausages. Deeply mourned by her relatives and CLERK, typ., bkkp., 50, widow, reli­ numerous friends. room, in modern block, cent, heating, Marie-Louise Rose, born 10.1.1918, able, exp. Also knowl. import/ hot water. Suit business people. believed to have emigrated to Eng­ CLASSIFIED export, seeks part-time work, pref. aftemoon. Box 688. GLA. 7068. land in 1938. Situations Vacant KOSHER COOK, efficient, elderly, Personal Ludvrig Wolfsohn, bom about 1880, PACKER/WAREHOUSEMAN, able, seeks full- or part-time work in small BACHELOR, 49, 5ft. 7in., business son of Rabbi Wolfsohn. Last-known dependable, up to 40, £10. SEC./ restaurant or private. Box 689. man, London, German-born, ortho­ address: Berlin-Halensee, Nestorstr. SH.-TYP., 25-45, able take charge dox, desires acquaintance suitable 3. Persons having any knowledge of small office. £12. Hours 9-5.30, EXP. ENG./GERMAN SH./TYP., lady, approx. 36, view matrimony. Ludwig Wolfsohn's fate are asked to Mon.-Fri. Wanted by Elec. Distri­ elderly, seeks part-time work. Box Letters in strictest confidence. contact this office. butors, W.C.I. Box 680. 690. Box 679. Dr. Walter Zeiden, physicist, born AJR Attendance Service 1904. Formerly of Leipzig. Believed Situations Wanted MisceUaneous to have left for London in 1939. Men WOMEN available to care for sick HUNG. REF., 66, intelligent, 3 years Sought by his son. people and invaUds, as companions in England, would like to practise DISABLED, elderly man, exp. wool­ and sitters-in; full- or part-time (not English conversation, pref. near len piece-goods, resp. worker, seeks residential). 'Phone MAI. 4449. Wembley. Box 693. part-time work, f.i., filing, packing. HOUSEKEEPER REQUIRED Box 681. STOCKKEEPER/PACKER, exp. tex­ for Jewish Old Age Home tiles, 52, seeks full-time work. Box STANDARD SEWING MACHINE SERVICE LTD. 682. ELITE TYPEWRITER Co. Ltd. in London suburb. Excellent remuneration and FORMER Officer Czech Army, 60, WIL. 2521 healthy, seeks post as clerk, corresp., All MekM BMiht, Sold fr Exchanged accommodation. translator or in travel agency. Knowl. Repoirs, Mointenaiioe Reply to Box 692 typing. Manual work also con­ II CRAWFORD STREET, BAKER STREET. W.l sidered. Box 683. AJR INFORMATION June, I960 Page 15 gewahre, liir ein paar Stunden des Tages und dei Erinnerung an Robert Chaudron Nacht allein zu sein. Es kam nicht mehr dazu. Die Nazi-Heere (Fortsetzung von Seite 8) fielen in Frankreich ein, und ich erhielt nur noch einmal eine kurze Nachricht von Chaudron, die letzte. Er schriebe mir, las ich auf einem hastig Eleichfalls grau geworden schien, und in der Hand er das Unrecht wieder gutmachen zu wollen bekritzelten Blatt Papier, beim Schein einer Kerze, "lelt er einen fest verschnUrten Pappkarton. Diese schien, das die Behorden seines Landes an mir in einem Wellblechverschlag neben einer Eisen- Sanze Ausriistung verriet mir nur zu deutlich, und meinesgleichen begangen hatten. Er stand bahnlinie. Die Kerze verlosche ihm jeden Augen­ *arum er an diesem Sonntagmorgen auf dem mit seinem Truppenteil in der Nahe der Maginot- blick vom Luftdruck der Bomben, die ringsum «*ahnhof in Nancy war, noch bevor ich es von ihm Linie. Er war Artillerist, und seine Ausbildung niederfif leu. In den Liiften sei ein Hollenlarm. «lber bestatigt horte. Er war einberufen worden lag zehn Jahre hinter ihm. Er hatte sein niederfielen. In den Liiften sei ein Hollenlarm. •ind auf dem Wege zu einer Kaserne in der Nahe Dienstjahr als gewohnlicher Soldat absolviert, " Le fi^au, s'est d^chain^ ", lautete der letzte Satz, von Metz. denn seine Ueberzeugungen verboten es ihm, Wir hatten uns nicht viel zu sagen in dem Offizier zu werden, was ihm nach Herkunft und Ich stand damals mit unserer Kompagnie in der Wbarmungslosen Larm und Tumult des Bahnhofs, Bildungsgang ein Leichtes gewesen ware, ihm auch Bretagne, wo wir unter dem Kommando englischer °'^ zu dieser imserer scheinbar zufalligen mehrfach nahegelegt wurde. Er wollte auch jetzt Offiziere und mit englischen Truppen zusammen- ^S^gnung eine starkere und ernstere Sprache wieder nichts weiter sein als ein einfacher Soldat. arbeiteten. Diese verliessen Frankreich an dem fcdeten als wir es vermochten. Man liess uns Er klagte nie iiber die Harten und Entbehrungen Tage, an dem P^tain vor Hitler kapitulierte. Wir *uch keine Zeit mehr. Chaudron durfte seinen seines Lebens, umso weniger, als er auch im sollten ihnen in ein paar Tagen folgen. Aber 5^,8 nicht versaumen, der in einigen Minuten Frieden ein einfaches und fast asketisches Leben vorer&t riickte eine Abteilung der " garde mobile ", aofahren sollte. Ich blickte ihm nach, wahrend fiihrte. (" Sobre et austere", niichtern und ernst. der franzosischen Staatspolizei an, und bewachte ^ sich dem Trupp junger Manner einordnete, die gehorten zu den bevorzugten Worten seines Voka- unser Lager, das wir nicht mehr verlassen durften. sieich ihm mit einem Pappkarton oder einem bulars, die ich oft aus seinem Munde gehort habe. Ein alter franzosischer " capitaine ", eine martia- schmalen Koffer in der Hand einer nach dem Mit ihnen riihmte er auch immer wieder seine lische Schiessbudenfigur, hielt eine Ansprache, die anderen in der dunklen Unterfuhrung des geliebten Dichter des grossen franzosischen Jahr­ uns nichts Gutes verhiess. Es sah ganz so aus, "annhofs verschwanden ; und als sich seine graue hunderts, Pascal, Racine, La Bruyere.) als wolle man uns den heranriickenden Nazis aus- ^estalt am Eingang des Tunnels wie auf der Aber es geschah ihm, was vielen seiner Art und liefern. Viele von uns liefen in zielloser Erregung ^hwelle der Unterwelt noch eimmal nach mir in seiner Lage geschieht. die an Einsamkeit und umher und beredeten Fluchtplane. andere wurden "mwandte, da war es, als sei er schon einer jener die Arbeit ihrer Gedanken gewohnt sind: er. der apathisch, schliefen oder lasen. Manchmal ward j»usgel6schten, einer der namenlosen und mit dem Herzen und der Oberzeugung dem Volke noch eine Zeitung ins Lager geschmuggelt, auf die unt)ekannten Soldaten des kommenden Krieges. so nahe war, fand sich in der taglichen Gcsell- sich alle sturzten. Das Blatt war schon ganz zer- ^ wurde uns noch einmal ein Jahr Aufschub schaft des Volkes nicht zurecht. Immer wieder lesen, als es mir in die Hande fiel. Es war darin 8=Wahrt. Als dann der Krieg im folgenden schrieb er mir, dass seine Kameraden gute Jungen. nicht mehr vom Kriege die Rede, da ja doch der i^Ptember ausbrach, war Chaudron wieder unter greise Marschall seinen Frieden mit Hitler gemacht 9*n ersten, die elnrijcken mussten. Ich hatte mich "de braves garfons ", seien, aber dass es ihm immer schwerer fiele. Tag und Nacht niemals auch hatte. Aber eine Namensliste war noch veroffent­ Wochen vorher zum Dienst in der franzSsischen licht, eine Liste gefallener franzosischer Soldaten, 1K^^. gemeldet und war auch bereitwillig nur einen Augenblick allein sein zu konnen. Man *^eptiert worden. Dennoch wurde ich bei hatte ihm wiederum mehrfach vorgeschlagen, auf denen der letzte Prasident der Republik, M. Albert ^usbruch des Krieges mit alien anderen, die in einen Offizierskursus zu gehen, und er hatte sich Lebrun, noch kurz vor seinem Riicktritt vom Amt jn^'ner Lage waren, intemiert. Es vergingen endlich entschlossen, seine bisherige Weigerung die Tapferkeitsmedaille verliehen hatte, fflr her­ l^'onafe, bevor ich entlassen und einer Arbeits- aufzugeben. Nicht etwa, schrieb er mir, weil er vorragende Leistungen vor dem Feinde. Die Reihe "ompagnie zugeteilt wurde. sich von der Rangerhohung mehr Bequemlichkeit der aufgefUhrten Namen, deren TrSger nichts mehr und eine Ruckkehr in die Welt seiner Herkunft wussten von der ihnen zuteil gewordenen Ehrung, Chaudron schrieb mir regelmassig ins Lager, versprach (an denen beiden ihm nichts gelegen sei), begann mit dem Namen meines Freundes Robert ""'* einer ZuverlSssigkeit und Warme, mit denen sondern einzig, weil sie ihm die Moglichkeit Chaudron (Celle-sur-Plaine. Departement Vosges).

FOOT SPECIALIST CHANGE OF ADDRESS J 1 ARCH SUPPORTS In order to ensure tha;t you get CHIROPODIST LAI^KRO CHEMICALS your copy of AJR Information regularly, please be sure to inform H' L. GERBER, L.Ch.H.Ch.D. *• CRICKLEWOOD BROADWAY. LIMITEII us immediately of any change of Gladstone 4 Si 7 N.WJ address.

ANGLO-JEWISH MATRIMONIAL n. Exclusive Solon de Corseterie SERVICE 4, Cambridge Crt., Amhurst Pork, N.16 Hme H. LIEBERG •Phone : STA. 6721 871 Suitable introductions throughout FINCHLEY ROAD United Kingdom on o strictly 'Next to the Post Office, Golders Green) confidential non-profit basis. 'Phone : SPEedwell 8673 Weekdoys 8-9 p.m. Rcody-mode ond to measure. Sundoys 6-9 p.m. '*PERT AND QUALIFIED FITTERS MANUFACTURERS OF AJR AJR CLUB PLASTICISERS AND Zion House, 57 Eton Ave., STABILISERS FOR P.V.C. ATTEND Al^CE N."W.3 SUNDAY, JUNE 26 PIGMENTS AND FINISHES SERVICE FOR LEATHER. Women availoble to care for SULPHATED OILS FOR sick persons and invalids ; as UEDER and ARIAS FUR, LEATHER, TEXTILES, ETC. companions and sItters-in ; part-time preferred. HILDE ZWEIG EMULSIFIERS, DETERGENTS, (Soprano) WETTING AGENTS. Phone : MAI. 4449 CHARLES SCHNEIDER (Boss) Spoce donated by : Accompanied by BENTCLIFFE WORKS, Eccles, Manchester FRANCES COLLINS 'Phone: Eccles 5311/6 S. F. & O. HALLGARTEN Wines end Spirits London Area Office, 12. WhitehaH, S.W.l. Spoce donoted by : Importers and Exporters TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED •Phone: TRA. 4081/2. 1, Crutehvd Friars, London, E.C.I -i?rfel$hom Rood, Putney, S.W.IS Page 16 AJR INFORMATION June. I960 XEWS IX BRIEF VIENNA VICTIMS REMEMBERED On April 12th, 1945, a few hours before the liberation, nine Jewish men and women were killed " AUFBAU " SILVER JUBILEE AUSCHwrrz MARCH PLANNED by the S.S. in the Foerstergasse, Vienna. The crime is commemorated each year by memorial As already reported, the Aufbau several months Contingents from Britain, France, Belgium, meetings in front of the house. At this year's ago celebrated thc 25th anniversary of its founda­ Holland and Switzerland plan an Auschwitz anniversary, a plaque inscribed with the victims' tion. To mark the occasion a special 144-page names was fixed at the house and consecrated at Jubilee issue has now been pub ished, carrying March for next year. They will make their way to the site of the former concentration camp in a special ceremony attended by several hundred messages from Jewish and non-Jewish personali­ Jews and non-Jews. ties all over the world. There are a great num­ Poland and to that of the Warsaw Ghetto. The ber of contributions, but several vivid descrip­ organisers are the Memorial Committee, which tions of the way in which German-Jewish immi­ intends creating a cultural centre in London, with AUSTRIAN SWASTIKAS grants built up their lives anew in the States are a permanent exhibition of Nazi crimes against the The Austrian Parliament unanimously passed a of particular interest. There are also some Jews. law forbidding Austrians to wear any signs or " success stories" referring to members of the symbols connected with forbidden organisations. second generation. The law was, however, amended from the original MEMORLVL CHAPEL IN DACHAU draft to permit the wearing of war decorations INVrfATION TO KNESSET awarded during World War II, provided that the The Roman Catholic Diocese Muenchen- swastika is removed. In fact, it is thought it will In July, six members of the Israeli Knesset will Freising has decided to erect a Memorial Chapel be very difficult to ensure that the swastikas are visit Britain at the invitation of the Lord Chan­ at the site of the former Dachau concentration removed, and the law as it now stands makes it cellor and the Speaker of the House of Commons. camp. possible for Nazi war decorations to be worn.

PHOTOCOPIES BRASSIERES & CORSETS A. OTTE]^ F.B.O.A. (Hon QUICK and RELIABLE HIGHEST PRICES Made te Measure OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN paid for All work in connection with GOLDERSTAT Ladies' and Gentlemen's cast-off Cortetry Tol.: 118 FINCHLEY ROAD 25, Downham Road, N.l Clothing, Suitcases, Trunks, etc. MRS. A. MAYER HAMpstead OPPOSITE JOHN BARNES ft 'Phone: CLIssold 5464 (5 lines) Phone : MAIda Vole S713 54, Golders Gardens, N.W.II (Ladies' large sizes preferred) 8336 fINCHLEY ROAO MET. STM. 'Phone: SPEedwell 5643 WE GO ANYWHERE, ANY TIME SHOE REPAIRS Mr. N. ROBINSON RICH'S SHOE REPAIR SERVICE NORBERT COHN D.Opt., I.O.Sc. f.S.O.A. (Honsl, D. Orth S. DIENSTAG (torroerly REICH) now jt CONSULTANT OPTICIAN (HAMpstaad 0748) 133, HAMILTON ROAD, N.W.ll 160, FINCHLEY ROAD OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN (2 minutes Brent Station) {midway tjetween Finchley Road and Frognal Stations) 20, Northways Parade, Flnchley Road, We Co/led and Deliver Telephone : SWIss Cottage 5232 Swiss Cottage, N.W.3 M. GLASER 'Phont: SPEtdwtU 746J ; HAMpste^d 1037 'Phone: PRlmrose 9660 PRACTICAL UPHOLSTERER Reissner & Goldberg All Re-Upholstery, Carpets, JEWISH ROOKS E.M.E. Furnifure Repairs, French Polishing ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR^ Electrical and Mechanical Engineering of oil kinds, new and second-hond. WILL BE DONE TO YOUR SATISFAOION (Proprietof : H. TURNER, Dipl. Ing.) Whole Libraries and Single Volumes 199b, Belsize Road, N.W.6 'Phono : HAMpstead 5601 or call at bought. Taleisim. Bookbinding. MAI. 2646 ELEaRICAL CONTRAaORS 432, FINCHLEY ROAO (Child's Hill) N.W.2 M. SULZBACHER Before 8.30 a.m. and after 7 p.m. 34, CLIFTON ROAD, W.9 JEWISH & HEBREW BOOKS (also purehaso) GLA. 1322, MAI. 0359 'Phone : CUNningham 9833 H.WOORTAAAN&SON 4, Sneath Avenue, Golders Green Rd., London, N.W.II. Tel.: SPE. 1694 8, Baynes Mews, Hampstead, N.W.3 RAREXSTEIIV LTD. 'Phone : HAMpstead 3974 DEUTSCHE BUECHER Continental Builder and Decorator GESUCHTI Kosher Butchers, Poulterers VESOP and Specialist in Dry Rot Repairs R. and E. STEINER (BOOKS) S, GARSON HOUSE, Sausage Manufacturers ESTIMATES FREE GLOUCESTER TERRACE, LONOON. W.2 'Phone •. AMBlssador 1544 C7nJer the supervision of the Beth Din Ausgewaehltes Lager seltener und LEO HOROVITZ vergrilfener Buecher. Wholesalers and Retailers SCULPTOR-STONEMASON of first-class Memorials for all It For English & German Books Continental Sausages Cemeteries % 16, FAWLEY ROAD, HANS PREISS Daily Deliveries WEST HAMPSTEAD, N.W.S International Booksellers 5, Fairhazel Gardens, N,W,6 Tele|>hone : HAMpstead 2564 'Phon,-: MAI. 3224 and MAI. 9236 LIMITED 14 Bur/Place, London, W.Cl M. FISCHLER HOL 4941 CONTINENTAL UPHOLSTERY ESSENTIAL for FIRST-CLASS Agents for Parker-Knoll, Christie-Tyler and various other makes CONTINENTAL COOKING PROGRESS TYPEWRITERS Carpets supplied & fitted below shop prices. CURTAINS, DRAPES & MATTRESSES MADE no per 8 oz. bottle (W. Neuberger) ALSO FRENCH POLISHING Obtainable from Grocers and Stores 91/93, Wesfbourne Grove, W.2 105, AXHOLME AVE., EDGWARE,MIDDX. Manufactured by VESOP PRODUCTS LTD. BAYswater 9251 SPEedwell 7160 (EDG. 5411) 498, Hornsey Road, London, N.19 NEW & REBUILT TYPEWRITERS ADDING MACHINES PHOTOCOPY EQUIPMENT The WIGMORE LAUNDRY Ltd. REPAIRS a MAINTENANCE SERVICE CONTINENTAL LAUNDRY SPECIALISTS Steel & Wood Most London Districts Served Office Furniture SHE. 4575 - brings us by radio Ask for our terms. Write or 'phone the Manager, 24-hour telephone servic Mr. E. Hearn, 1, STRONSA ROAD, LONDON, W.T2

Priotsd sc the Sharon Prcat, 31, Furntral Strscc, E.C.4.