1 Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, School of 3 Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 7AY, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK UK ([email protected]) 4 Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2 Senckenberg am Meer, Südstrand 40, D-26382 GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY OF COLD-WATER CORAL REEFS 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403-5928, USA Wilhelmshaven, Germany Mellado-Silva, Marta1 , Lea-Anne Henry1 , Andre Freiwald2 and J. Murray Roberts1,3,4
Species number Mingulay (371) and Sula Reef (297) FORAMINIFERAVERTEBRATAMOLLUSCAECHINODERMATAPORIFERASIPUNCULIDANEMATODA ARTHROPODAPLATHYHELMITHAperANNELIDACNIDARIABRYOZOA coral site present the largest species numbers 2775 species BRACHIOPODANEMERTEA TUNICATA 21 new species
24 phyla
93 coral sites
>5000 records Main groups: Cnidaria, Porifera and Mollusca
Figure X. Sequence of maps showingFig. 1.the Sequence distribution of maps of every showing phyllum the found distribution in CWC of reefs every and phyllum total sum of species found in every coral site 100% 1000
90%
80% 800
70%
60% 600 50%
40% 400 30%
20%
200 10%
0% Mediterranean North Atlantic South Atlantic South Indian South Pacific West Atlantic 0 Porifera Mollusca Foraminifera Echinodermata Cnidaria Foraminifera Porifera Cnidaria Nematoda Annelida Sipunculida Mollusca Crustacea Chelicerata Echino Bryozoa Brachiopoda Tunicata Vertebrata Number of records 193 684 850 28 420 22 1017 469 15 331 369 71 75 547 Vertebrata Bryozoa Brachiopoda Crustacea Annelida Number of sps 149 383 482 27 261 18 431 308 12 139 161 11 28 337
Fig. 2. Proportion of phyla recorded in every global region Fig. 3. Number of species and records for every phylum with more than 10 different species
Most recorded species
tridentatus
boldsystems.org
Placostegus
stroembergiensis.se
Eunice norvegica
cranium
identification.org
-
Macandrevia
species
seawater.no
eol.org
arctica
Novocrania anomala Terebratulina retusa
Hiatella
marinespecies.org idscaro.net
Figure 4. European EEZ, location of studies on CWC and main species presence Delectopecten vitreus
nodulosa
Asperarca
Marbef.org
Areas where corals are known, but little
dactylopterus information exists on associated
biodiversity or connectivity, both essential biopix.eu Helicolenus
for conservation
monstrosa
seawater.no
Indian Ocean is suitable for corals but Chimaera
currently very little data exist
maculosa
boldsystems.org
Mycale lingua Disporella hispida Lepidion eques Janira
life.org
-
squamula
marine
-
pics.nl
-
Heteranomia nmr
corspecies.medrecover.org marinespecies.org Figure 5. Global map showing the recorded presence of 6 main sps of CWC and the location of the studies carried out so far and included in this review European Conservation status In North Atlantic, many coral sites are not within MPAs CWC are vulnerable Coral sites within USA EEZ appear within or next to MPAs marine ecosystems (UN resolution 61/105)
28% of fish in NE Atlantic coral sites are fisheries species
Coryphaenoides rupestris (roundnose grenadier) was intensely fished even before any biological studies had been completed. Changing Oceans 2012
Hoplostethus atlanticus (orange roughy) is Acknowledgements caught by bottom trawling, which destroys CWC habitats.
Deep-sea fisheries This study has been funded by the and climate change European Commission within the Leonardo are the main threats da Vinci Programme and carried out in the for CWC Centre for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Heriot-Watt University
Figure 6. Location of UK and USA MPAs, coral sites studied and CWC presence