A Global Database of How Local Terrestrial Biodiversity Responds to Human Impacts Lawrence N
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SDG Indicator Metadata (Harmonized Metadata Template - Format Version 1.0)
Last updated: 4 January 2021 SDG indicator metadata (Harmonized metadata template - format version 1.0) 0. Indicator information 0.a. Goal Goal 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss 0.b. Target Target 15.5: Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species 0.c. Indicator Indicator 15.5.1: Red List Index 0.d. Series 0.e. Metadata update 4 January 2021 0.f. Related indicators Disaggregations of the Red List Index are also of particular relevance as indicators towards the following SDG targets (Brooks et al. 2015): SDG 2.4 Red List Index (species used for food and medicine); SDG 2.5 Red List Index (wild relatives and local breeds); SDG 12.2 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation) (Butchart 2008); SDG 12.4 Red List Index (impacts of pollution); SDG 13.1 Red List Index (impacts of climate change); SDG 14.1 Red List Index (impacts of pollution on marine species); SDG 14.2 Red List Index (marine species); SDG 14.3 Red List Index (reef-building coral species) (Carpenter et al. 2008); SDG 14.4 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation on marine species); SDG 15.1 Red List Index (terrestrial & freshwater species); SDG 15.2 Red List Index (forest-specialist species); SDG 15.4 Red List Index (mountain species); SDG 15.7 Red List Index (impacts of utilisation) (Butchart 2008); and SDG 15.8 Red List Index (impacts of invasive alien species) (Butchart 2008, McGeoch et al. -
Guide for Negotiators of Multilateral Environmental Agreements
GUIDE FOR NEGOTIATORS OF MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS 1 Guide for Negotiators of Multilateral Environmental Agreements ISBN: 978-92-807-2807-1 Job Number: DEL/0932/NA Produced by the UNEP Division of Environmental Law and Conventions Director of Publication: Bakary Kante Writers/Project Coordinators: Mary Jane Mace of FIELD, and Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, Carl Bruch and Charlotte Salpin of UNEP Cover Design: Division of Communication and Public Information, UNEP Design and Layout: UNON/Publishing Section Services/Nairobi; Paul Odhiambo Image Credits: O. Broders / Still Pictures Rapids Colorado/Paria river junction, USA, Arizona, Glen Canyon , The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributoring organisations or individuals. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form of educational or non-proper services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. 2 GUIDE FOR NEGOTIATORS OF MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AgREEMENTS Acknowledgments This publication was prepared by Mary Jane Mace with assistance of Jona Razzaque, Scott La Franchi, Abu Raihan Khalid, Alastair Cameron and Zornitsa Vakova of FIELD in collaboration with Elizabeth Maruma Mrema, Carl Bruch and Charlotte Salpin of UNEP. 3 Acronyms AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States AhWG Ad Hoc Working Group CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CITES Convention -
The Rarest and Least Protected Forests in Biodiversity Hotspots
Biodivers Conserv DOI 10.1007/s10531-012-0384-1 ORIGINAL PAPER The rarest and least protected forests in biodiversity hotspots Thomas W. Gillespie • Boris Lipkin • Lauren Sullivan • David R. Benowitz • Stephanie Pau • Gunnar Keppel Received: 20 March 2012 / Accepted: 4 October 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012 Abstract The goal of biodiversity hotspots is to identify regions around the world where conservation priorities should be focused. We undertake a geographic information system and remote sensing analysis to identify the rarest and least protected forests in biodiversity hotspots. World Wildlife Fund ecoregions with terrestrial forest were subset from 34 biodiversity hotspots and forest cover calculated from GlobCover data at a 300 m pixel resolution. There were 276 ecoregions in 32 biodiversity hotspots classified as containing terrestrial forests. When the first quartile of forest ecoregions was subset based on smallest extent of forest cover in protected areas, there were 69 rare forests identified within 20 biodiversity hotspots. Most rare forest ecoregions (45) occurred on islands or island archipelagos and 47 rare forest ecoregions contained less than 10 % forest cover in pro- tected areas. San Fe´lix-San Ambrosio Islands Temperate Forests, Tubuai Tropical Moist Forests, Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago Tropical Moist Forests, and Yap Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10531-012-0384-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. T. W. Gillespie (&) Á B. Lipkin Á L. Sullivan Á D. R. Benowitz Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1524, USA e-mail: [email protected] B. -
A Review of Sampling and Monitoring Methods for Beneficial Arthropods
insects Review A Review of Sampling and Monitoring Methods for Beneficial Arthropods in Agroecosystems Kenneth W. McCravy Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-309-298-2160 Received: 12 September 2018; Accepted: 19 November 2018; Published: 23 November 2018 Abstract: Beneficial arthropods provide many important ecosystem services. In agroecosystems, pollination and control of crop pests provide benefits worth billions of dollars annually. Effective sampling and monitoring of these beneficial arthropods is essential for ensuring their short- and long-term viability and effectiveness. There are numerous methods available for sampling beneficial arthropods in a variety of habitats, and these methods can vary in efficiency and effectiveness. In this paper I review active and passive sampling methods for non-Apis bees and arthropod natural enemies of agricultural pests, including methods for sampling flying insects, arthropods on vegetation and in soil and litter environments, and estimation of predation and parasitism rates. Sample sizes, lethal sampling, and the potential usefulness of bycatch are also discussed. Keywords: sampling methodology; bee monitoring; beneficial arthropods; natural enemy monitoring; vane traps; Malaise traps; bowl traps; pitfall traps; insect netting; epigeic arthropod sampling 1. Introduction To sustainably use the Earth’s resources for our benefit, it is essential that we understand the ecology of human-altered systems and the organisms that inhabit them. Agroecosystems include agricultural activities plus living and nonliving components that interact with these activities in a variety of ways. Beneficial arthropods, such as pollinators of crops and natural enemies of arthropod pests and weeds, play important roles in the economic and ecological success of agroecosystems. -
Global State of Biodiversity and Loss
19 Sep 2003 20:45 AR AR198-EG28-05.tex AR198-EG28-05.sgm LaTeX2e(2002/01/18) P1: GJB 10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105532 Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2003. 28:137–67 doi: 10.1146/annurev.energy.28.050302.105532 Copyright c 2003 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved First published online as a Review in Advance on July 8, 2003 GLOBAL STATE OF BIODIVERSITY AND LOSS Rodolfo Dirzo1 andPeterH.Raven2 1Instituto de Ecolog´ıa, Departamento Ecolog´ıa Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Autonoma´ de Mexico,´ Mexico DF 04510; email: [email protected] 2Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299; email: [email protected] Key Words biodiversity hotspots, endemism, extinction, species diversity, species threatening ■ Abstract Biodiversity, a central component of Earth’s life support systems, is directly relevant to human societies. We examine the dimensions and nature of the Earth’s terrestrial biodiversity and review the scientific facts concerning the rate of loss of biodiversity and the drivers of this loss. The estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotic organisms possible lies in the 5–15 million range, with a best guess of 7 million. Species diversity is unevenly distributed; the highest concentrations are in tropical ecosystems. Endemisms are concentrated in a few hotspots, which are in turn seriously threatened by habitat destruction—the most prominent driver of biodiversity loss. For the past 300 years, recorded extinctions for a few groups of organisms reveal rates of extinction at least several hundred times the rate expected on the basis of the geological record. The loss of biodiversity is the only truly irreversible global environmental change the Earth faces today. -
Global Ecological Forest Classification and Forest Protected Area Gap Analysis
United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre Global Ecological Forest Classification and Forest Protected Area Gap Analysis Analyses and recommendations in view of the 10% target for forest protection under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 2nd revised edition, January 2009 Global Ecological Forest Classification and Forest Protected Area Gap Analysis Analyses and recommendations in view of the 10% target for forest protection under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Report prepared by: United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Network World Resources Institute (WRI) Institute of Forest and Environmental Policy (IFP) University of Freiburg Freiburg University Press 2nd revised edition, January 2009 The United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP- WCMC) is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the world's foremost intergovernmental environmental organization. The Centre has been in operation since 1989, combining scientific research with practical policy advice. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services to help decision makers recognize the value of biodiversity and apply this knowledge to all that they do. Its core business is managing data about ecosystems and biodiversity, interpreting and analysing that data to provide assessments and policy analysis, and making the results -
Rhabdoscelus Obscurus
Rhabdoscelus obscurus Scientific Name Rhabdoscelus obscurus (Boisduval, 1835) Synonyms: Calandra obscura Boisduval, Rhabdocnemis beccarii Faust, Rhabdocnemis fausti Gahan, Rhabdocnemis interruptecostata Faust, Rhabdocnemis interruptocostatus Schaufuss, Rhabdocnemis maculata Schaufuss, Rhabdocnemis nudicollis (Kirsch), Rhabdocnemis obscura Boisduval, Rhabdocnemis obscurus (Boisduval), Rhabdocnemis promissus (Pascoe), Figure 1: Rhabdoscelus obscurus, photo by Rhabdoscelis obscura Boisduval, Anthony O'Toole (http://www.ento.csiro.au/aicn/name_s/b_3568.htm) Rhabdoscelus maculatus Schaufuss, Sphenophorus beccarii Pascoe, Sphenophorus insularis Boheman, Sphenophorus interruptecostatus Schaufuss, Sphenophorus nidicollis Kirsh, Sphenophorus obscura BIoisduval, Sphenophorus obscurus Boisduval, Sphenophorus promissus Pascoe, Sphenophorus sulcipes Karsch, Sphenophorus tincturatus Pascoe Note: Recent DNA work on weevil populations from Australia, Papua New Guinea, Hawaii, and Fiji suggests that the Australian population has enough differences to be considered a separate species (Sallam, 2013, personal communication). Because this issue has not been confirmed, this datasheet includes information on the Australian population as well. Common Name New Guinea sugarcane weevil, sugar cane weevil, New Guinea cane weevil borer, beetle borer, cane weevil borer, Hawaiian sugarcane borer Type of Pest Weevil Taxonomic Position Class: Insecta, Order: Coleoptera, Family: Dryophthoridae Reason for Inclusion in Manual FY2013 Additional Pests of Concern List Pest Description Illustrations of all stages can be found in Napompeth et al. (1972). Detailed descriptions of all stages can be found in Riley (1888), Terry (1907), and Muir and Swezey (1916). Last updated: July 29, 2016 1 This species is highly variable in morphology, color, and host preference (reviewed in Giblin-Davis, 2001). 1 Eggs: The eggs of R. obscurus are 1 to 2 mm (approx. /16 in) in length, ivory white in color, and slightly curved (USDA, 1967). -
CBD Sixth National Report
SIXTH NATIONAL REPORT OF MALAYSIA to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) December 2019 i Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ vi List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................... vi Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................... vii Preamble ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 1: UPDATED COUNTRY BIODIVERSITY PROFILE AND COUNTRY CONTEXT ................................... 1 1.1 Malaysia as a Megadiverse Country .................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Major pressures and factors to biodiversity loss ................................................................................. 3 1.3 Implementation of the National Policy on Biological Diversity 2016-2025 ........................................ -
Conserving Europe's Threatened Plants
Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Conserving Europe’s threatened plants Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation By Suzanne Sharrock and Meirion Jones May 2009 Recommended citation: Sharrock, S. and Jones, M., 2009. Conserving Europe’s threatened plants: Progress towards Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, UK ISBN 978-1-905164-30-1 Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK Design: John Morgan, [email protected] Acknowledgements The work of establishing a consolidated list of threatened Photo credits European plants was first initiated by Hugh Synge who developed the original database on which this report is based. All images are credited to BGCI with the exceptions of: We are most grateful to Hugh for providing this database to page 5, Nikos Krigas; page 8. Christophe Libert; page 10, BGCI and advising on further development of the list. The Pawel Kos; page 12 (upper), Nikos Krigas; page 14: James exacting task of inputting data from national Red Lists was Hitchmough; page 16 (lower), Jože Bavcon; page 17 (upper), carried out by Chris Cockel and without his dedicated work, the Nkos Krigas; page 20 (upper), Anca Sarbu; page 21, Nikos list would not have been completed. Thank you for your efforts Krigas; page 22 (upper) Simon Williams; page 22 (lower), RBG Chris. We are grateful to all the members of the European Kew; page 23 (upper), Jo Packet; page 23 (lower), Sandrine Botanic Gardens Consortium and other colleagues from Europe Godefroid; page 24 (upper) Jože Bavcon; page 24 (lower), Frank who provided essential advice, guidance and supplementary Scumacher; page 25 (upper) Michael Burkart; page 25, (lower) information on the species included in the database. -
The Curculionoidea of the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean) (Coleoptera)
BULLETIN OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF MALTA (2010) Vol. 3 : 55-143 The Curculionoidea of the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean) (Coleoptera) David MIFSUD1 & Enzo COLONNELLI2 ABSTRACT. The Curculionoidea of the families Anthribidae, Rhynchitidae, Apionidae, Nanophyidae, Brachyceridae, Curculionidae, Erirhinidae, Raymondionymidae, Dryophthoridae and Scolytidae from the Maltese islands are reviewed. A total of 182 species are included, of which the following 51 species represent new records for this archipelago: Araecerus fasciculatus and Noxius curtirostris in Anthribidae; Protapion interjectum and Taeniapion rufulum in Apionidae; Corimalia centromaculata and C. tamarisci in Nanophyidae; Amaurorhinus bewickianus, A. sp. nr. paganettii, Brachypera fallax, B. lunata, B. zoilus, Ceutorhynchus leprieuri, Charagmus gressorius, Coniatus tamarisci, Coniocleonus pseudobliquus, Conorhynchus brevirostris, Cosmobaris alboseriata, C. scolopacea, Derelomus chamaeropis, Echinodera sp. nr. variegata, Hypera sp. nr. tenuirostris, Hypurus bertrandi, Larinus scolymi, Leptolepurus meridionalis, Limobius mixtus, Lixus brevirostris, L. punctiventris, L. vilis, Naupactus cervinus, Otiorhynchus armatus, O. liguricus, Rhamphus oxyacanthae, Rhinusa antirrhini, R. herbarum, R. moroderi, Sharpia rubida, Sibinia femoralis, Smicronyx albosquamosus, S. brevicornis, S. rufipennis, Stenocarus ruficornis, Styphloderes exsculptus, Trichosirocalus centrimacula, Tychius argentatus, T. bicolor, T. pauperculus and T. pusillus in Curculionidae; Sitophilus zeamais and -
The Army Ant Aenictus Silvestrii and Its Related Species in Southeast Asia, with a Description of a New Species
Entomological Science (2010) 13, 328–333 doi:10.1111/j.1479-8298.2010.00385.x ORIGINAL ARTICLE The army ant Aenictus silvestrii and its related species in Southeast Asia, with a description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Aenictinae)ens_385 328..333 Weeyawat JAITRONG1,2 and Seiki YAMANE1 1Department of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; and 2Natural History Museum, National Science Museum, Technopolis, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand Abstract Three species of Aenictus with reduced numbers of antennal segments (8–9) occur in Southeast Asia: A. jarujini sp. nov., A. latifemoratus and A. silvestrii. Aenictus latifemoratus is new to Java and Borneo, while A. silvestrii is recorded for the first time from Borneo. Key words: Aenictus jarujini sp. nov., army ants, southeast Asia, taxonomy. INTRODUCTION & Yamane (1989) (Sumatra, Indonesia); Terayama & Kubota (1993) (Vietnam and Thailand); Yamane The genus Aenictus Shuckard, 1840 (subfamily Aenicti- & Hashimoto (1999) (Sarawak, Borneo); Shattuck nae) is one of the large ant genera in the world. Currently (2008) (Australia). Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata (2005) 149 valid species and subspecies are listed (Bolton et al. listed the known species of Thailand. 2006). They are mainly distributed in the Old World During our survey on the Asian species of Aenictus, tropics and subtropics, from Africa through the Middle we have recognized a well-defined species group of three East, India, South China, southernmost part of Japan, Southeast Asian species comprising the two species various countries in Southeast Asia to New Guinea and above mentioned and a new species from Thailand. In Australia (Gotwald 1995). -
Wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) of Warsaw and Mazovia
POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES • INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY MEMORABILIA ZOOLOGICA MEMORABILIA ZOOL. 36 91— 102 1982 EWA SKIBIŃSKA WASPS (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE) OF WARSAW AND MAZOVIA ABSTRACT In the Vespidae of Mazovia 42 species have been recorded, including 11 social and 31 solitary wasps. In Warsaw only 14 species have been recorded, which account for 33.3",, of the wasps of Mazovia. They include 7 solitary species (22.5% of the wasps of Mazovia) and 7 social species (63.6°0). In the areas subject to extremely high urban pressure, two social species are almost the only wasps. These ars V. (V.J vulgaris and V. ( V.) germanica. A zoogeographical analysis shows that the proportion of the species with large ranges increased in the town. Wasps occurring in urban green areas mostly include ubiquitous social species and solitary species without specific requirements for nest sites. INTRODUCTION The family of wasps have been studied by few workers in Poland. They mostly prepared faunal lists of wasps or inserted fragmentary data on them in general lists of the Aculeata of a given area. Relatively best known wasps are those living in western Poland, that is, in Silesia, due to the studies carried out by Dittrich [5], in Pomerania, due to the studies by Paul [15], and also in southern Poland, mostly in Little Poland and the Tatra mountains, due to the studies conducted by Wierzejski [22], Niezabitowski [13], Niesiołowski [12], and Drogoszewski [6—8]. The earliest data from Mazovia are given by Nasonov [11], who lists Vespidae from Warsaw and some near localities like Otwock and Gałachy.