Extracellular Matrix and Connective Tissue the Four Basic Tissue of the Body

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EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE THE FOUR BASIC TISSUE OF THE BODY : - EPITHELIUM - MUSCLE - NERVOUS TISSUE - CONNECTIVE TISSUE TISSUE ARE COMPOSED OF CELLS AND AN EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCES : 1. AMORPHOUS INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCES ( GROUND SUBSTANCES ). 2. FORMED INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCES. - COLLAGEN FIBERS - ELASTIC FIBERS - RETICULAR FIBERS 1. GROUND SUBSTANCES : IS AN AMORPHOUS GEL-LIKE MATERIAL, COMPOSED OF GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS, PROTEOGLYCANS AND GLYCOPROTEINS. GLUCOSAMINOGLYCANS : - GAGs ARE NEGATIVELY CHARGED, LONG, ROD-CHAIN OF REPEATING DISSACHARIDES THAT HAVE THE CAPABILITY OF BINDING LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER. - NON SULFATED GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS HYALURONIC ACID DISTRIBUTION : VITREOUS HUMOR OF THE EYE, AND SYNOVIAL FLUID. - SULFATED GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS : KERATAN SULFAT, HEPARAN SULFAT, HEPARIN, CHONDROITIN SULFAT, DERMATAN SULFAT. DISTRIBUTION : CARTILAGE AND BONE MATRIX, VALVE OF HEART, AORTA, CORNEA AND UMBILICAL CORD. CARTILAGE WITH H.E STAIN SEEM RATHER BLUE, BECAUSE SULFATED GAGs HAVE A ACID CHARACTER, SO FIX HEMATOXILLIN WHICH HAVE BASE CHARACTER. PROEOGLYCANS : SULFATED GAGs ARE USUALLY COVALENT BOUNDS WITH A PROTEIN CORE, THEY FORM A FAMILY OF MACROMOLECULES KNOWN AS PROTEOGLYCANS. FUNCTIONS : - RESIST COMPRESSION, RETARD THE RAPID MOVEMENT OF MICROORGANISM AND METASTATIC CELLS. GLYCOPROTEIN : CELL ADHESIVE GLYCOPROTEIN HAVE BINDING SITES FOR SEVERAL COMPONENTS OF THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX AS WELL AS FOR INTEGRIN MOLECULES OF THE CELL MEMBRANE THAT FASCILITATE THE ATTACHMENT OF CELLS TO THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. INTEGRINS, FIBRONECTIN, LAMININ, TENASCIN, CHONDRONECTIN AND OSTEONECTIN. 2. FORMED INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCES - COLLAGEN FIBER ITS APPEARANCE AT CTS : - LOOK LIKE A TAPE ( RIBBON ), WHICH WALK WINDING. - CONSIST OF COLLAGEN FIBRILS WHICH ONE WITH OTHER ADHERED BY INTERFIBRILLAR CEMENT SUBSTANCE. ULTRA-STRUCTURE APPEARANCE : - ONE FIBRIL CONSIST OF SMALLER STRUCTURE NAMELY IS MICROFIBRIL. - MICROFIBRIL CONSIST OF TRPOCOLLAGEN, AND TROPOCOLLAGEN SOURCE IS PROCOLLAGEN WHICH HAS BEEN MADE IN ROUGH SURFACE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULAR OF CELL WHICH PRODUCED FORMED INTERCELLULAR SUBTANCES. STAIN REACTION OF COLLAGEN FIBER : WITH H.E HAVE RED COLOR. WITH M.A HAVE BLUE COLOR. DISTRIBUTION : ALMOST IN BODY TISSUE. ELASTIC FIBER IF COMPARED WITH COLLAGEN THIS FIBER IS SMOOTHER WITH ELECTRON MICROSCOPE ITS APPEARANCE SEEM CONSIST OF SMOOTH MICROFIBRIL WHICH HAVE A TUBULAR SHAPE. STAINING REACTION : V.v.G : OLD BLUE UNTIL BLACK COLOR ORCEIN : CHOCOLATE COLOR. DISTRIBUTION : LARGE BLOOD VESSEL, MUSCULAR TYPE OF BLOOD VESSEL, EPIGLOTIS AND AURICULA EXTERNA. RETICULAR FIBER : - SMOOTH, HAVE BRANCHES AND LOOK LIKE NET WORK SHAPE. - KNOWN AS PRE-COLLAGEN FIBER, HAVE GREAT AFFINITY TO THE AG IMPREGNATION STAIN AND ALSO CALLED AS ARGIROFILIK FIBER AND HAVE BLACK COLOR. WITH PAS STAIN THE FIBER HAS MAGENTA RED COLOR. - DISTRIBUTION : LIMFATIC ORGAN, BASAL MEMBRANE, BLOOD VESSEL WALL, MUSCLES FIBER, NERVE TISSUE , ENDOCRINE AND EXOCRINE GLANDS..

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