Tendon — Function-Related Structure, Simple Healing Process and Mysterious Ageing J
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Tenosynovitis of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon in Horses R
TENOSYNOVITIS OF THE DEEP DIGITAL FLEXOR TENDON IN HORSES R. W. Van Pelt, W. F. Riley, Jr. and P. J. Tillotson* INTRODUCTION sheaths, statistical comparisons were made be- tween certain values determined for synovial TENOSYNOVITIS of the deep digital flexor ten- effusions from tarsal synovial sheaths of don (thoroughpin) in horses is manifested by affected horses and synovial fluids from the distention of its tarsal synovial sheath due to tibiotarsal joints of control formation of an excessive synovial effusion. Un- horses. less tenosynovitis is acute, signs of inflamma- Control Horses tion, pain or lameness are absent (1). Tendinitis Five healthy horses ranging in age from can and does occur in conjunction with inflam- four to nine years were used as controls. Four mation of the tarsal synovial sheath. of the horses were Thoroughbreds and one As tendons function they are frequently sub- horse was of Quarter Horse breeding. All jected to considerable strain, peritendinous control horses were geldings. Synovial fluid pressure, and friction between the parietal and samples were obtained from the tibiotarsal joint. visceral layers of the tendon sheath (2). Acute direct trauma or trauma that is multiple and Hematologic Determinations minor can precipitate tenosynovitis. In acute Blood samples for determination of serum tenosynovitis of the deep digital flexor tendon, sugar content (measured as total reducing sub- the ensuing inflammatory reaction affects the stances) were obtained from the jugular vein tarsal synovial sheath, which responds to in- prior to aspiration of the tarsal synovial sheath flammation by formation of an excessive syno- in affected horses and the tibiotarsal joint in vial effusion. -
Does Generalised Ligamentous Laxity Increase Seasonal Incidence of Injuries in Male First Division Club Rugby Players? D R Stewart, S B Burden
457 Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsm.2003.004861 on 23 July 2004. Downloaded from ORIGINAL ARTICLE Does generalised ligamentous laxity increase seasonal incidence of injuries in male first division club rugby players? D R Stewart, S B Burden ............................................................................................................................... Br J Sports Med 2004;38:457–460. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2003.004861 Objectives: To investigate if ligamentous laxity increases seasonal incidence of injury in male first division See end of article for club rugby players, and to determine if strength protects against injury in hypermobile and tight players. authors’ affiliations Methods: Fifty one male first division club rugby players were examined for ligamentous laxity using the ....................... Beighton-Horan assessment and graded with an overall laxity score ranging from 0 (tight) to 9 (hyperlax). Correspondence to: Each participant was classified into a group determined by their laxity score: tight (0–3), hypermobile (4– Mr Stewart, Waikato 6), or excessively hypermobile (7–9). The incidence of joint injuries was recorded prospectively throughout Institute of Technology, the rugby season and correlated with laxity score. Differences between the groups were analysed. Centre for Sport and Results: The overall prevalence of generalised joint hypermobility was 24% (12/51). The incidence of Exercise Science, Private Bag 3036, Hamilton 2020, injuries was significantly higher in hypermobile (116.7 per 1000 hours) than tight (43.6 per 1000 hours) New Zealand; players (p = 0.034). There were no significant differences in peak strength between the hypermobile and dwane_stewart@yahoo. tight groups. co.nz Conclusions: The laxity of the players may explain the differences in injury rates between these groups. -
Standard of Care: Ankle Sprain ICD 9 Codes
BRIGHAM AND WOMEN’S HOSPITAL Department of Rehabilitation Services Physical Therapy Standard of Care: Ankle Sprain ICD 9 Codes: 845.00 Secondary supporting ICD 9 codes: 719.7 Difficulty walking 719.07 Effusion of ankle/ foot Choose these or any additional secondary ICD 9 codes based upon individual’s impairments. Case Type / Diagnosis: Practice Pattern 4E – Impaired joint mobility, motor function, muscle performance and ROM associated with localized inflammation Practice Pattern 4D – Impaired joint mobility, motor function, muscle performance and ROM associated with connective tissue dysfunction Ankle sprain is a common injury with a high rate of recurrence usually as a result of landing on a plantarflexed and inverted foot. Each day, an estimated 23 000 ankle sprains occur in the United States1. Ankle sprains account for 85% of ankle injuries and 85% of sprains involve lateral structures.2 They account for 25% of all sports related injuries.3 No significant female-male ratios were found. Risk can be increased in individuals that are overweight and less physically active.4 Weekend type athletes also have an increased risk. The lateral ligaments are most commonly involved, then the medial ligaments, then the syndesmosis. Ankle sprains are usually treated non-surgically.3 Careful evaluation determines prognosis, progression of treatment and may detect other injuries. Forty percent of lateral sprains develop chronic ankle instability (CAI).5 This is defined as a combination of persistent symptoms and repetitive lateral ankle sprains.6 Ligaments involved and mechanism of injury3 • Laterally – The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL), calcaneofibular ligament (CF) are responsible for resistance against inversion and internal rotation stress. -
Wound Classification
Wound Classification Presented by Dr. Karen Zulkowski, D.N.S., RN Montana State University Welcome! Thank you for joining this webinar about how to assess and measure a wound. 2 A Little About Myself… • Associate professor at Montana State University • Executive editor of the Journal of the World Council of Enterstomal Therapists (JWCET) and WCET International Ostomy Guidelines (2014) • Editorial board member of Ostomy Wound Management and Advances in Skin and Wound Care • Legal consultant • Former NPUAP board member 3 Today We Will Talk About • How to assess a wound • How to measure a wound Please make a note of your questions. Your Quality Improvement (QI) Specialists will follow up with you after this webinar to address them. 4 Assessing and Measuring Wounds • You completed a skin assessment and found a wound. • Now you need to determine what type of wound you found. • If it is a pressure ulcer, you need to determine the stage. 5 Assessing and Measuring Wounds This is important because— • Each type of wound has a different etiology. • Treatment may be very different. However— • Not all wounds are clear cut. • The cause may be multifactoral. 6 Types of Wounds • Vascular (arterial, venous, and mixed) • Neuropathic (diabetic) • Moisture-associated dermatitis • Skin tear • Pressure ulcer 7 Mixed Etiologies Many wounds have mixed etiologies. • There may be both venous and arterial insufficiency. • There may be diabetes and pressure characteristics. 8 Moisture-Associated Skin Damage • Also called perineal dermatitis, diaper rash, incontinence-associated dermatitis (often confused with pressure ulcers) • An inflammation of the skin in the perineal area, on and between the buttocks, into the skin folds, and down the inner thighs • Scaling of the skin with papule and vesicle formation: – These may open, with “weeping” of the skin, which exacerbates skin damage. -
Spider Silk for Tissue Engineering Applications
molecules Review Spider Silk for Tissue Engineering Applications Sahar Salehi 1, Kim Koeck 1 and Thomas Scheibel 1,2,3,4,5,* 1 Department for Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Strasse 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (K.K.) 2 The Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany 3 The Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany 4 The Bayreuth Materials Center (BayMAT), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany 5 Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-0-921-55-6700 Received: 15 January 2020; Accepted: 6 February 2020; Published: 8 February 2020 Abstract: Due to its properties, such as biodegradability, low density, excellent biocompatibility and unique mechanics, spider silk has been used as a natural biomaterial for a myriad of applications. First clinical applications of spider silk as suture material go back to the 18th century. Nowadays, since natural production using spiders is limited due to problems with farming spiders, recombinant production of spider silk proteins seems to be the best way to produce material in sufficient quantities. The availability of recombinantly produced spider silk proteins, as well as their good processability has opened the path towards modern biomedical applications. Here, we highlight the research on spider silk-based materials in the field of tissue engineering and summarize various two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds made of spider silk. -
The Whale Tendon Ligature
The Whale Tendon Ligature. By T. Ishiguko, M. D. Chief Surgeon of the- Imperial Japanese Army. The ligatures formerly in use iu tying vessels of the human body, were of different kinds to those of the present day. Silk and hemp ligatures were at one time applied by surgeons to such purpose, but as both had the defect of act- ing as foreign bodies in the animal oponomy, they were superseded by ligatures made of thin strips of leather. In support of the use of the leather, it was thought that ligatures of that materia would be decomposed by the heat aud moisture of the body, and that they would finally become absorbed; but numerous trials convinced those favorable to the use of leather ligatures that the idea was a fallacy : for leather, it was found, was far from being easily dissolved, and besides, it was very apt to break off at the time of its application. Dr. Lister’s ligature (cat-gut), though of comparatively recent origin, is held in such high estimation, that it is now almost exclusively used for tying vessels, or applying the suture to the viscera. It was in the year 1874 that I first saw its practical application in the operating theatre of the College, by Dr. Schultz, Instructor of Surgery to the Imperial Medical College, Tokio, which was possibly the first introduction and utilization of Lister’s ligature in Japan. My whale tendon ligature was invented a few years after. I first conceived the idea upon seeing, in the country, a whale tendon bow-string used in whip- ping cotton. -
Health Hazard Evaluation Report 1978-0095-0596
l U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCA,TION, AND WELFARE I .. CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL . l NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY. AND HEAI,.TH · , i- < ' ·: CINCINNATI, OHIO 45226 \ ,.~ .\ ·( t\~}~\''- . HEALTH HAz~ EVALUATION DETERMINATION ';~ '\\.;"'. ,;} REPORT NO. 78-95-596 JONAS BROTHERS TAXIDERMY CO. DENVER, COLORADO MAY 1979 I I. TQXICITY DETERMINATION I It has been determined on the basis of intertiews of employees and environmental breathing zone air samples taken on July 5-7, 1978, medical evaluations and biological tests performed August 1-4, 1978, and biological tests performed November 5-7, 1978, that the workers at Jonas Brothers Taxidermy Co., Denv·er, Colorado , have been exposed to a potential health hazard. This was determined in that on Augus.t I 1-4, 1978, sixty-seven percent of the.w.orkers had elevated hair · . ars~nic levels as compared to ·a ·maximum of only one control with a questionable, borderline hair arsenic level. \ Depending on the normal level used, urinacy ·phenol levels w~re elevat.ed. Using the· NIOSR normal value, 45% of the worker · group had an elevated I urinary phenol as compared to 13% of the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between .the groups by the Student t-test. These hair arsenic tests indicate. an increased exposure \ to arsenic. The urinary tests indicate ele~ated exposures to phenol and show the need for improvement of environment exposure and work \ practices. Workers were exposed to the carcinogens asbestos and arsenic and also I to a suspect carcinogen tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene). Long term health effects although not evident at this time cannot be completely discounted . -
A Guide to Tendon Rehabilitation Dr Paul Mason FACSEP MBBS (Hons) Bachelor of Physiotherapy Masters of Occupational Health
A guide to tendon rehabilitation Dr Paul Mason FACSEP MBBS (Hons) Bachelor of Physiotherapy Masters of Occupational Health What is a tendon, and how do overuse injuries occur? A tendon is the ‘rope’ that connects muscles to bones. It is mainly made up of a protein called collagen. Tendons transfer the force that muscles produce to our skeleton allowing us to move. Overuse injuries to tendons occur when the micro trauma or damage that occurs to tendons with loading (frequently through exercise) exceeds the repair ability of the body. This may occur due to excess force, insufficient recovery time, or other factors such as metabolic derangements that may be seen in conditions like diabetes. Do I need a scan? Not every tendon injury needs a scan, even in elite athletes. Typical symptoms of a tendon injury are pain that, in the early stages, improves as you continue to exercise, with a marked increase in your pain the following day. If your symptoms behave like this, and your health professional is confident in the diagnosis, imaging may be unnecessary. Ultrasound scanning is often unreliable, with findings of tendon problems that don’t exist frequently reported. If you obtain an ultrasound, it should be from a sonographer with specific expertise in musculoskeletal ultrasound. MRI scans can provide some information on a tendon, and also other structures surrounding the tendon which can be useful when the diagnosis is uncertain. Tendons are largely invisible on x-rays and CT scans, and in general, they will not provide any useful information. How can exercise make my tendon stronger? When we contract a muscle connected to a tendon with enough force, the tendon will stretch slightly. -
Point/Counterpoint Capsulotomy During Hip Arthroscopy: to Close Or Not to Close by Sherwin Ho, MD
Arthroscopy Association of North America Point/Counterpoint Capsulotomy During Hip Arthroscopy: To Close or Not to Close By Sherwin Ho, MD CAM lesion that extends further similar to the athletic shoulder who Introduction: laterally, I will add a vertical “T” cut present with a posterior capsular s hip arthroscopy has along the neck of the femur, which contracture combined with anterior become more widespread, I will repair with non-absorbable #2 capsular laxity, while in the FAI hip Aanterior capsular release or sutures in patients with generalized in athletes we see just the opposite: capsulotomy has become more ligamentous laxity, normal or above an anterior capsular contracture and popular and well-accepted to allow normal abduction and external posterior capsular laxity. for better access, visualization, and rotation (ABER), and/or marked working space during labral repair femoral anteversion. I will only close Capsular Repair and decompression. There remains the entire capsulotomy in patients By Shane J. Nho, MD controversy, however, regarding with documented or suspected ver the past few years, the the pros and cons of repairing the instability. role of the hip joint capsule capsule at the conclusion of the Oand management of the hip procedure. The following Point/ However, in my experience, the capsule has been debated. The Counterpoint discussion presents vast majority of my patients with a surgeon that is performing hip the opinions of the 2 hip surgeons labral tear and FAI present with a arthroscopy has to understand the from Chicago, both of whom are thickened, tight and painful anterior anatomic structure and function of faculty members at their respective capsule, decreased ABER rotation the osseous and soft tissues being academic institutions. -
The Mesocolon a Histological and Electron Microscopic Characterization of the Mesenteric Attachment of the Colon Prior to and After Surgical Mobilization
ORIGINAL ARTICLE The Mesocolon A Histological and Electron Microscopic Characterization of the Mesenteric Attachment of the Colon Prior to and After Surgical Mobilization Kevin Culligan, MRCS,∗ Stewart Walsh, FRCSEd,∗ Colum Dunne, PhD,∗ Michael Walsh, PhD,† Siobhan Ryan, MB,‡ Fabio Quondamatteo, MD,‡ Peter Dockery, PhD,§ and J. Calvin Coffey, FRCSI∗¶ uring fetal development, the dorsal mesentery suspends the en- Background: Colonic mobilization requires separation of mesocolon from tire gastrointestinal tract from the posterior abdominal wall. The underlying fascia. Despite the surgical importance of planes formed by these D mesocolon is the adult remnant of that part of the dorsal mesentery structures, no study has formally characterized their microscopic features. associated with the colon.1 In the adult human, the transverse and The aim of this study was to determine the histological and electron micro- lateral sigmoid portions of the mesocolon are mobile whereas the as- scopic appearance of mesocolon, fascia, and retroperitoneum, prior to and cending, descending, and medial sigmoid portions are nonmobile and after colonic mobilization. attached to underlying retroperitoneum.2–4 Classic anatomic teaching Methods: In 24 cadavers, samples were taken from right, transverse, de- maintains that the ascending and descending mesocolon “disappear” scending, and sigmoid mesocolon. In 12 cadavers, specimens were stained during embryogenesis.5,6 In keeping with this, the identification of a with hematoxylin and eosin (3 sections) or Masson trichrome (3 sections). In right or left mesocolon in the adult is frequently depicted as anoma- the second 12 cadavers, lymphatic channels were identified by staining im- lous rather than accepted as an anatomic norm.7 Accordingly, the munohistochemically for podoplanin. -
Types of Crooked Legs in Foals Article
2/19/2020 Types of crooked legs in foals University of Minnesota Extension https://extension.umn.edu Types of crooked legs in foals Quick facts Generally, leg deformities in foals have a good outcome if you start treatment early. If you leave moderate to severe cases untreated, crippling problems will occur as the foal matures. Pain associated with crippling problems make these horse unrideable. Tendon laxity Tendon laxity refers to a disorder that causes weak flexor tendons. It’s common in newborn foals, especially premature foals. This condition usually fixes itself with controlled exercise. Controlled exercise includes stretching the muscle-tendon unit, which can include: Trimming the feet. Bandaging to promote relaxation. Oxytetracycline to relax the muscle. A small bandage can help the limb if it’s hitting the ground. Avoid using a heavy support bandage in this case as it will worsen the condition. Ligamentous laxity Ligamentous laxity refers to a disorder that causes loose ligaments. It’s common in newborns but is often self-limiting. You can manually straighten the legs, but weight bearing can cause crookedness. Controlled exercise will strengthen the ligaments and keep the legs in better alignment. Tendon contracture X-ray of a foal with leg deformities due to Tendon contracture refers to a disorder that causes the tendons to be really tight. It trauma in the growth plate. The bone length can include the following conditions: is different below the growth plate (yellow lines). Club feet Fetlock contracture Carpal contracture These conditions are a relative difference between tendon length and leg length. Always check foals born with contracture for undershot jaws. -
Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria.