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Exhibit a Climate Change Reconsidered II Exhibit A Climate Change Reconsidered II References Medieval climatic warming recorded by radiocarbon dated alpine tree-line shift on the Kola Peninsula, Russia. The Andreev, A.A., Pierau, R., Kalugin, I.A., Daryin, A.V., Holocene 11: 491–497. Smolyaninova, L.G., and Diekmann, B. 2007. Huang, X., Oberhansli, H., von Suchodoletz, H., and Environmental changes in the northern Altai during the last Sorrel, P. 2011. Dust deposition in the Aral Sea: millennium documented in Lake Teletskoye pollen record. implications for changes in atmospheric circulation in Quaternary Research 67: 394–399. central Asia during the past 2000 years. Quaternary Briffa, K.R. 2000. Annual climate variability in the Science Reviews 30: 3661–3674. Holocene: Interpreting the message of ancient trees. Jacoby, G.C., D’Arrigo, R.D., and Davaajatms, T. 1996. Quaternary Science Reviews 19: 87–105. Mongolian tree rings and 20th century warming. Science Butvilovskii, V.V. 1993. 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Diekmann, B., and Khlystov, O. 2007. 800-yr-long records Demezhko, D.Yu. and Shchapov, V.A. 2001. 80,000 years of annual air temperature and precipitation over southern ground surface temperature history inferred from the Siberia inferred from Teletskoye Lake sediments. temperature-depth log measured in the superdeep hole SG- Quaternary Research 67: 400–410. 4 (the Urals, Russia). Global and Planetary Change 29: Kalugin, I., Selegei, V., Goldberg, E., and Seret, G. 2005. 167–178. Rhythmic fine-grained sediment deposition in Lake Esper, J., Cook, E.R., and Schweingruber, F.H. 2002. Low- Teletskoye, Altai, Siberia, in relation to regional climate frequency signals in long tree-ring chronologies for change. Quaternary International 136: 5–13. reconstructing past temperature variability. Science 295: Kremenetski, K.V., Boettger, T., MacDonald, G.M., 2250–2253. Vaschalova, T., Sulerzhitsky, L., and Hiller, A. 2004. Esper, J. and Schweingruber, F.H. 2004. Large-scale Medieval climate warming and aridity as indicated by treeline changes recorded in Siberia. Geophysical Research multiproxy evidence from the Kola Peninsula, Russia. Letters 31: 10.1029/2003GL019178. Palaeogeography and Palaeoclimate 209: 113–125. Gamache, I. and Payette, S. 2005. Latitudinal response of Krenke, A.N. and Chernavskaya, M.M. 2002. Climate subarctic tree lines to recent climate change in Eastern changes in the preinstrumental period of the last Canada. Journal of Biogeography 32: 849–862. millennium and their manifestations over the Russian Plain. Isvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics 38: Golovanova, I.V., Sal’manova, R.Yu., and Demezhko, S59–S79. D.Yu. 2012. Climate reconstruction in the Urals from geothermal data. Russian Geology and Geophysics 53: Kullmann, L. 1981. Pattern and process of present tree- 1366–1373. limits in the Tarna region, southern Swedish Lapland. Fennia 169: 25–38. Grace, J. Berninger, F., and Nagy, L. 2002. Impacts of climate change on the tree line. Annals of Botany 90: 537– Kullmann, L. 1986. Late Holocene reproductional patterns 544. of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies at the forest limit in central Sweden. Canadian Journal of Botany 64: 1682– Hantemirov, R.M. and Shiyatov, S.G. 2002. A continuous 1690. multimillennial ring-width chronology in Yamal, northwestern Siberia. The Holocene 12: 717–726. Lloyd, A.H. and Fastie, C.L. 2003. Recent changes in treeline forest distribution and structure in interior Alaska. Helama, S., Lindholm, M., Timonen, M., and Eronen, M. Ecoscience 10: 176–185. 2004. Dendrochronologically dated changes in the limit of pine in northernmost Finland during the past 7.5 millennia. Lloyd, A.H., Rupp, T.S., Fastie, C.L., and Starfield, A.M. Boreas 33: 250–259. 2003. Patterns and dynamics of tree line advance on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Hiller, A., Boettger, T., and Kremenetski, C. 2001. Research 108: 10.1029/2001JD000852. 490 Exhibit A Observations: Temperature Records MacDonald, G.M., Kremenetski, K.V., and Beilman, D.W. during the last 1100 years in the Polar Ural mountains. In: 2008. Climate change and the northern Russian treeline Frenzel, B. (Ed.) Oscillations of the Alpine and Polar Tree zone. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Limits in the Holocene. Fischer, Stuttgart, Germany, pp. 363: 2285–2299. 195–203. Mackay, A.W., Ryves, D.B., Battarbee, R.W., Flower, R.J., Shiyatov, S.G. 1993. The upper timberline dynamics Jewson, D., Rioual, P., and Sturm, M. 2005. 1000 years of during the last 1100 years in the Polar Ural Mountains. climate variability in central Asia: assessing the evidence European Palaeoclimate and Man 4: 195–203. using Lake Baikal (Russia) diatom assemblages and the application of a diatom-inferred model of snow cover on Shiyatov, S.G. 2003. Rates of in the upper treeline ecotone the lake. Global and Planetary Change 46: 281–297. in the Polar Ural Mountains. Pages Newsletter 11: 8–10. Mann, M.E., Bradley, R.S., and Hughes, M.K. 1998. Sidorova, O.V., Vaganov, E.A., Naurzbaev, M.M., Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over Shishov, V.V., and Hughes, M.K. 2007. Regional features the past six centuries. Nature 392: 779–787. of the radial growth of larch in North Central Siberia according to millennial tree-ring chronologies. Russian Mann, M.E., Bradley, R.S., and Hughes, M.K. 1999. Journal of Ecology 38: 90–93. Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: Inferences, uncertainties, and limitations. Smolyaninova, L.G., Kalugin, I.A., and Daryin, A.V. 2004. Geophysical Research Letters 26: 759–762. Technique of receiving empiri-mathematical inter- dependence models between climatic parameters and Matul, A.G., Khusid, T.A., Mukhina, V.V., Chekhovskaya, litologi-geochemical character of bottom deposits. M.P., and Safarova, S.A. 2007. Recent and late Holocene Computer Technology 9: Mathematic, Mechanic, environments on the southeastern shelf of the Laptev Sea Computing 3: 43–46. as inferred from microfossil data. Oceanology 47: 80–90. Solomina, O. and Alverson, K. 2004. High latitude Mazepa, V.S. 2005. Stand density in the last millennium at Eurasian paleoenvironments: introduction and synthesis. the upper tree-line ecotone in the Polar Ural Mountains. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 209: Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 2082–2091. 1–18. Morin, A. and Payette, S. 1984. Expansion recente du Tranquillini, W. 1979. Physiological Ecology of the Alpine meleze a la limite des forets. (Quebec nordique). Canadian Timberline. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Journal of Botany 62: 1404–1408. Trouet, V., Esper, J., Graham, N.E., Baker, A., Scourse, Naurzbaev, M.M. and Vaganov, E.A. 2000. Variation of J.D., and Frank, D.C. 2009. Persistent positive north early summer and annual temperature in east Taymir and Atlantic oscillation mode dominated the medieval climate Putoran (Siberia) over the last two millennia inferred from anomaly. Science 324: 78–80. tree rings. Journal of Geophysical Research 105: 7317– 7326. Veelenturf, L.P.J. 1995. Analysis and applications of artificial neural networks. Prentice-Hall. Panin, A.V. and Nefedov, V.S. 2010. Analysis of variations in the regime of rivers and lakes in the Upper Volga and Yang, B., Brauning, A., Johnson, K.R., and Shi, Y.F. 2002. Upper Zapadnaya Dvina based on archaeological- General characteristics of temperature variation in China geomorphological data. Water Resources 37: 16–32. during the last two millennia. Geophysical Research Letters 29: 10.1029/2001GL014485. Panyushkina, I.P., Adamenko, M.F., and Ovchinnikov, D.V. 2000. Dendroclimatic net over Altai Mountains as a base for numerical paleogeographic reconstruction of 4.2.4.4.4 Other Asian Countries climate with high time resolution. In: Problems of Climatic Reconstructions in Pleistocene and Holocene 2. Institute of In addition to China, Russia, and Japan, the MWP has Archaeology and Ethnography, Novosibirsk, pp. 413–419. been identified in several other parts of Asia. Payette, S. 2007. Contrasted dynamics of northern Schilman et al. (2001), for example, analyzed Labrador tree lines caused by climate change and foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, together migrational lag. Ecology 88: 770–780. with physical and geochemical properties of sediments, contained in two cores extracted from the Payette, S., Filion, L., Delwaide, A., and Begin, C. 1989. bed of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea off the Reconstruction of tree-line vegetation response to long- term climate change. Nature 341: 429–432. coast of Israel, where they found evidence for the MWP centered on AD 1200. They note there is an Shiyatov, S.G. 1992. The upper timberline dynamics 491 Exhibit A Climate Change Reconsidered II abundance of other well-documented evidence for the tree-ring series) in phase with the amplitude existence of the MWP in the Eastern Mediterranean, modulation of the sunspot number series over the last including, they write, “high
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