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Journal of Scientific Research in Pharmacy Research Article Available Online Through ISSN: 2277-9469 K. Hemamalini et al., Jour. of Sci. Res. in Phar. 2012, 1(2), 5-7 Journal of Scientific Research in Pharmacy Research Article Available online through ISSN: 2277-9469 www.jsrponline.com Phytochemical and Anticholinesterase of Leaves of Different Herbs on Frog’s Experimental models K. Hemamalini1, Anurag Bhargav2, Dr. Uma Vasireddy3, Ch. Lavanya1, B. Murali Krishna1, B. Sathya Shirisha1 1Teegala Ram Reddy College of Pharmacy, Meerpet, Hyderabad, 2Principal and Professor, Lords International College, Alwar, Rajastan, 3H.O.D.and Professor - Pharmacology, TRR College of Pharmacy, Meerpet, Hyderabad, Received on: 04-04-2012; Revised on: 05-02-2012; Accepted on: 10-04-2012 ABSTRACT The present study reports the preliminary phytochemical, anticholinesterase activity of leaves of the plant of Tabebuia rosea, Solanum pubesens and Gymnosporia emarginata. The shade dried powder of Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae), Solanum pubesens (Solanaceae) a nd Gymnosporia emarginata (Celastraceae) was subjected to successive extraction using the solvents (Petroleum ether and Methanol) in the increasing order of polarity. Thus the prepared extracts were subjected to the preliminary phytochemical analysis. The extracts were investigated for Anticholinesterase activity in green frogs which was compared with standard drug Neostigmine (1mg/ml). The parameter measured for Anticholinesterase activity was ciliary movement in frog’s buccal cavity and degree of contraction of frog’s rectus abdominus muscle. Results revealed that the metha nolic extract of the plants leaf showed significant anticholinesterase activity. Key words: Tabebuia rosea, Solanum pubesens and Gymnosporia emarginata, Phytochemical and anticholinesterase. INTRODUCTION Gymnosporia emarginata (Willd.) Thw. With synonyms Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. Belonging to Family Celastrus emarginatus willd. Maytenus emarginta (willd.) Ding Hou., Bignoniaceae. Commonly known as “Pink Trumpet Tree” can grow up to Gymnosporia montana (Roth) Benth. belongs to family celastraceae, is 15 meter and well known for its beautiful flowers. The timber is widely an evergreen, Dioecious tree, scandent shrub or small tree that tolerates used for general construction and carpentry in many European various types of stresses of the desert, locally known as “Chinni, Danthi, countries. The fruits are green, long and bean pod- like with a length of Sinni, Danti, Chini tuppa, Chinni chettu, Goddali-cippa” in Telugu, 20-40 cm (8-16 inch). The fruits turn dark brown when ripe and contain “Thorny staff tree” in English. The species is globally distributed in flat, heart- shaped seeds with tiny wings. The graceful beauty is a treat Paleotropics. Within India, it is common in dry scrub forests throughout, for the eyes, but the tree has medical uses as well. Tea made from the particularly on poor soils in Central and Western peninsular India. The leaves and bark is known to have fever-reducing effect [1]. Taheebo is genus Maytenus distributed in drier parts of Central, South-Western reported to be an astringent, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and North-Western India. It grows in moderately fertile, moist but well- diuretic and laxative [2-6]. drained soil in full sun with midday shade. Develops new leaves from Solanum pubescens with synonyms Solanum semicoalitum June to August. Traditionally species of Maytenus has been used for Bitter, Solanum luteoalbum, Solanum violaceum ortega, Cyphomandra fever, asthma, rheumatism and gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. luteoalba, Cyphomandra luteoalbum belongs to family Solanaceae, Habit: Recently some biomolecules from Maytenus species has Shrubs 1-3m tall. Stems moderately to densely pubescent with been reported to be active against HIV-Protease [7] Carcinoma and eglandular unbranched or dendritically branched hairs and also with leukemia [8]. Ulcers and MDR (Multi Drug Resistance) [9]. Various parts short-stalked glands; tips of shoots sometimes densely glandular. of this plant contain immense medicinal properties which are mentioned Sympodial structure: Sympodial units’ 6-many foliate. under: Leaves: Leaves simple, chartaceous, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, Fruit: The fruits are used in medicines to purify blood [10]. moderately to densely pubescent with eglandular unbranched or Leaf- Pulverized leaves of Maytenus emarginata are given in dendritically branched hairs and often also with short-stalked glands ; milk to children as a vermifuge [11]. A decoction of the leafy twigs is used base cuneate to slightly decurrent; margin entire; apex acute to as a mouthwash to relieve toothache. Ash of leaves used to heal up sores acuminate; petioles 1-4.5cm, densely pubescent with hairs like those of and wound gives cooling effect. The leaves are burnt and mixed with the stem. ghee to form an ointment used to heal sores [12]. The tender leaves Inflorescences: Inflorescences 4-10(-15)cm, unbranched, are chewed raw in the treatment of jaundice. forked, or sometimes further branched, with ca. (5-)10-25 flowers, all Stem: Tender shoots of the plant help for mouth ulcer. The flowers perfect, the axes moderately to densely puberulent with bark is ground to a paste and applied with mustard oil to kill lice in the eglandular unbranched and/or dendritically branched hairs. hair. Root- Used in gastrointestinal troubles, especially dysentery [13]. Flowers: Flowers with the calyx radius 3-4 mm, deltate Fruits are capsule, berry, 6-12mm long, leaves are thick, abruptly narrowed into acuminate tips, moderately puberulent with coriaceous and usually longer than 40mm, apex rounded, alternate on glandular and eglandular hairs. Corollas 2-3 cm in diameter, the radius young branchlets, fasciculate on older ones, Bark is pale brown, smooth, 11-20mm, stellate, chartaceous, purple (rarely white). cracked, flowers are bisexual or sometimes functionally unisexual, Fruit: Fruits 1.5-2 cm in diameter, globose, obtuse at apex, actinomorphic, white or cream coloured 5-7mm in diameter. Male orange or red when ripe, glabrous; stone cell aggregates absent. flowers- stamens slightly shorter than petals, stigmas absent, disc green, Seeds: Seeds angled, smooth to rugose. 5- lobed, Distribution: Andean slopes from southern Ecuador to Female flowers: Staminodes shorter than stamens of male southern peru; gravelly or rocky slopes and cliffs to moist river valleys; flower, Ovary 3-locular, green, style as long as ovary. Roots are Tap root, 2200-3300m. cream yellow in colour. Phenology: Flowering in August through March. Fruiting in Since the plants has shown wide medicinal properties these all months except july. plants was selected for our study. In the present study, we report the anticholinesterase activity of leaf part of various plants. *Corresponding author: MATERIALS AND METHOD K. Hemamalini Plant material: Associate Professor, The leaves of Tabebuia rosea, Solanum pubesens and Teegala Ram Reddy College of Pharmacy, Meerpet, Hyderabad. Gymnosporia emarginata were collected from the local area of *Email: [email protected] Rajampets, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India and authenticated by Dr. C Journal of Scientific Research in Pharmacy 2012, 1(2) 5-7 K. Hemamalini et al., Jour. of Sci. Res. in Phar. 2012, 1(2), 5-7 Madhava Chetty, Head of the Department of Botany, S.V. University, reach the spot is noted. Buccal cavity was washed with normal saline, Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India. and then above test was repeated for the standard drug neostigmine and test drug. Preparation of plant extracts: Rectus abdominus muscle contraction method: The leaves of various plants like Tabebuia rosea, Solanum The frog was pithed and laid on its back on the frog dissecting pubesens and Gymnosporia emarginata were shade dried and powdered. board and the four limbs were pinned. The skin on the abdomen was About 1 Kg of dry powder was extracted in the petroleum ether by removed and the rectus abdominus muscle was exposed. The muscle continuous hot percolation using Soxhlet apparatus. The extraction was was prepared and a thread was tied to the bottom and top of the each continued for 72 h. The petroleum ether extract was filtered and muscle preparation before detaching the muscle from the body of the concentrated to a dry mass by using vacuum distillation. Subsequently, frog. The preparation was mounted in upright position in organ bath the dried powder was extracted with methanol. The solvents were containing frog ringer solution under a tension of 1g. The tissue was evaporated to dryness and then the residue of different plant extracts relaxed for 45 min with the wash of tissue with fresh quantum of ringer were obtained was taken for the experiment. four times. The contractions of the rectus abdominus muscle due to the increasing dosed of acetylcholine were recorded using either simple side Experimental animals: way or frontal writing lever. The methanolic extracts of the different Swiss albino mice 20-22g of either sex were purchased from plants was mixed with the acetylcholine and the contractions and NIN, Hyderabad, India. They were housed in polypropylene cages in a relaxation were recorded till a maximum response was reached. The controlled room temperature 22± 1ºC and relative humidity of 60-70. height of the response was measured in mm and a dose –response curve They were kept under standard conditions of 12/12 h light and dark was constructed. cycle. The animals were maintained with standard pellet diet and water ad libitum. The animals were acclimatized to laboratory condition for Statistical Analysis: seven days before
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