An Assessment of Floral Diversity in the Mangrove Forest of Karaikal

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

An Assessment of Floral Diversity in the Mangrove Forest of Karaikal International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 9 Issue 1, January 2019, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: editorijmie@gmail.com Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A An Assessment of Floral Diversity in the Mangrove Forest of Karaikal, Karaikal District, Puducherry Union territory Duraimurugan, V.* Jeevanandham, P.** Abstract The tropical coastal zone of the world is covered by a dynamic system in a state of continual adjustment as a result of natural process and human activities. The mangrove ecosystem is a unique association of plants, animals and micro-organisms acclimatized to life in the fluctuating environment of the tropical and subtropical and intertidal zone covering more than 10 million ha worldwide. The present study documents the directly observed diversity of true mangroves and their associates, in the mangroves of Karaikal. The present study recorded a sum of 136 plant species. Among the plants 8 species were true mangroves and 128 species were mangrove associates. The family Rhizophoraceae is the dominant group represent three species followed by Avicenniaceae with two species. The associated mangrove flora recorded in the present study falls to 128 genera belongs to 42 families from 20 orders. As per IUCN current status, most of the mangrove species in decreased status. The base line information is very much helpful for the conservation and feature references. Key words: Avicenniaceae, Flora, Karaikal, Mangrove, Rhizophoraceae. * P.G. and Research Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, A.V.C College (Autonomous), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai Tamil Nadu, India,– 609 305,. ** Department of Zoology, TBML College, Poraiyar, Tamil Nadu, India 609 307. 457 International Journal of Research in Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us, Email: editorijmie@gmail.com ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Introduction As per Pritchard [23] statement an estuary may be defined as a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted by fresh water from river and land drainage. At the same time the fresh water carrying the fertile silt and runoff from the land. Estuary is always a home for unique floral and faunal community of the world. The estuaries always have a unique feature of physical and chemical nature, in connection with their shape, catchment area, connection to the sea and tidal regime of the area [11][4]. The growth and distribution of floral community will be determined by the salinity and the amount of flooding [22],[21] of the estuarine marshes and marine ecosystem. Estuaries support different microhabitats, such as mangroves, salt marshes, sea-grass, mudflats etc. The algal groups and seagrasses are more towards the sea coast of the estuaries. The mangrove plants are well adapted near the mouth of the rivers and deltas. Estuaries contribute particularly priceless protection beside the stormy waters of the sea and also providing a protected haven for the thousands of livings that use estuaries as, feeding and breeding grounds. Mangroves are represents a characteristic littoral, evergreen forest of the estuary ecosystem and in fact form an icon for the estuarine ecosystem(https://www.pmfias.com / mangrove-estuarine-ecosystems/) [28] The extensive development of mangroves depends on a layer of sand or earth, normally deposited by action of rivers and high flood tides and shores, free of strong wave and tidal actions of the sea. It also required slat marine water and brackish water [33]. The shorelines of tropical regions of the world have best developed mangroves between the high and low tide regions [29]. The great mangrove forest formations are naturally grow in the privileged muddy shorelines that are frequently connected with the formation of deltas at the mouth of a riverine system [9]. The evergreen mangroves grows not only in the estuarine habitats, it can also be growing on sandy and rocky shores, coral reefs and oceanic islands. For an instance where islands can be completely surrounded by mangroves, it is not possible to describe a typical mangrove, as the differences in the girth and height, within the same species, is immense, depending on the many environmental and other factors that control growth [19],[5]. Mangroves are trees and shrubs fall into two groups according to their habitats in nature: true mangroves and mangrove associates. The river Arasalaru estuary mangroves acts as a sink for sewage discharges. Conservation priorities and restoration measures must be decided based upon the inventorisation of biological diversity [13]. The floral groups which border the estuaries are exceedingly tailored to a dynamic ecosystem. The estuarine environments experience daily changes due to tidal influences of the sea, and seasonal changes due to rainfall and river flow regimes [20]. Vegetations play an indispensable role in the maintenance of a biologically balanced and healthy waterway [34][36]. It gives an extensive range of functions that are essential for supporting the floral and faunal life and for maintaining the value of the ecosystem. These functions include: flood control; shoreline stabilisation; sediment, nutrient and pollutant filtering and, most importantly, the provision of food, shelter and breeding habitats for a wide range of organisms [34]. Hence the botanical assessments, such as floristic composition and structure are essential to understand the extant of phytodiversity of any ecosystem [36]. Hence, the present study was carried out to document the plant diversity of the karaikal mangrove. 458 International Journal of Research in Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us, Email: editorijmie@gmail.com ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 MATERIALS AND METHODS The present investigation was carried out in mangrove forest at Karaikal (10.93oN and 79.83oE) of Puducherry Union Territory, Southeast coast of India between January 2015 and December 2015. The area of Karaikal region is 161 sq. km which is about 150 km from the south of Puducherry Union Territory and is surrounded by Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu. This district consists of almost entirely coastal alluvial soil which is highly suitable for cultivation of paddy and pulses. The planted mangrove of Karaikal is situated in the tri junction of River Arasalaru, Bay of Bengal and Beach of Karaikal. This mangrove forests was established by M.S. Swaminathan Foundation and with the help of Department of Tourism and Development, Forest and Wildlife and Fisheries of Puducherry during 2009-10 (10 ha). Currently, the area of mangroves is 32. 3ha. The mangroves plantation is surrounded by human settlements and opens into fishing areas of Bay of Bengal. The mangroves receive marine water from the Bay of Bengal and fresh water from the River Arasalaru and other small tributaries of the river Cauvery. The small channels running across Karaikal town are also bringing the sewage and household wastes into the mangrove ecosystem. Data Collection Field surveys were regularly undertaken in and around the Karaikal mangrove forest from January 2014 and December 2017. Plants either with flowers or fruits were collected and photographed, and identified or confirmed with available regional floras [8][15]-[17] [14], revisions [24],[6],[4],[7],[1] and monographs [32],[30],[31][10]. Families are arranged according to Phylogeny Group III Classification [2]. Abbreviations of authors’ names of plant names strictly follow Brummitt and Powell [3]. The current nomenclature of all taxa was further determined by referring to authentic databases, such as International Plant Names Index (IPNI), The Plant List and Tropicos. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility—is an international network and research infrastructure funded by the world’s governments and aimed at providing anyone, anywhere, open access to data about all types of life on Earth is also used to identify the species and conformations. E-flora of karaikal is also used to identify the species. Results and Discussion A Sum of 136 plant species were recorded/ identified during the study period. These flora were classified into two groups as true mangrove and mangrove associated flora. Eight mangrove species were recorded in the study area (Table 1). The family Rhizophoraceae is the dominant group represent three species followed by Avicenniaceae with two species. The family Euphorbiaceae and Acanthaceae represent one species each. According to International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources status all the mangrove plants are coming under ―Least concern‖ group. As seen in plate1,2 medium sized trees (Avicennia officinalis L, Rhizophora mucronata Lam and Bruguiera cylindrica L.) were the dominant groups, followed by big trees (Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh and Rhizophora apiculata Blume). Derris trifoliata Lour, Excoecaria agallocha L and Acanthus ilicifolius represented small tree and shrub respectively. In West coast of kerala 15 true mangrove species were recorded by [34] belonging to 9 genera and 6 families. The family Rhizophoraceae dominanat represented with 7 species in west coast of Kerala[34] , which shows the newly emerged mangrove of Karaikal also support the Rhizophoraceae as dominant. 459 International Journal
Recommended publications
  • Canavalia Rosea (Swartz) DC
    Canavalia rosea (Swartz) DC. Identifiants : 6152/canros Association du Potager de mes/nos Rêves (https://lepotager-demesreves.fr) Fiche réalisée par Patrick Le Ménahèze Dernière modification le 30/09/2021 Classification phylogénétique : Clade : Angiospermes ; Clade : Dicotylédones vraies ; Clade : Rosidées ; Clade : Fabidées ; Ordre : Fabales ; Famille : Fabaceae ; Classification/taxinomie traditionnelle : Règne : Plantae ; Sous-règne : Tracheobionta ; Division : Magnoliophyta ; Classe : Magnoliopsida ; Ordre : Fabales ; Famille : Fabaceae ; Genre : Canavalia ; Synonymes : Canavalia apiculata Piper, Canavalia arenicola Piper, Canavalia baueriana Endl, Canavalia emarginata (Jacq.) G. Don, Canavalia maritima (Aubl.) Thouars, Canavalia miniata (Kunth) DC, Canavalia moneta Welw, Canavalia obcordata Voigt, Canavalia obtusifolia (Lam.) DC, Canavalia obtusifolia (Lam.) DC. var. emarginata (Jacq.) DC, Canavalia obtuifolia (Lam.) DC. var. insularis Ridl, Canavalia podocarpa Dunn, Clitoria rotundifolia (Vah.) Sesse & Mocino, Dolichos emarginatus Jacq, Dolichos littoralis Vell, Dolichos maritimus Aubl, Dolichos miniatus Kunth, Dolichos obcordatus Roxb, Dolichos obovatus Schum. & Thonn, Dolichos obtusifolius Lam, Dolichos roseus Sw ; Nom(s) anglais, local(aux) et/ou international(aux) : Mackenzie Bean, Fire Bean, Coastal jack bean, , Fanta, Fue fai va'a, Kachang laut, Kachang rang-rang, Kam pra, Kia tia, Lerelere, N'habo, Nhabo, Norfolk Island bean, Tagale, Tobalo-sosso, Tua- kla ; Rapport de consommation et comestibilité/consommabilité inférée (partie(s) utilisable(s) et usage(s) alimentaire(s) correspondant(s)) : Parties comestibles : graines, gousses, fleurs, fruits{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique) | Original : Seeds, Pods, Flowers, Fruit{{{0(+x) ATTENTION: Les graines sont crues vénéneuses. Les graines sont comestibles après une cuisson complète. Ils sont également torréfiés et moulus et utilisés comme substitut du café. Les fleurs sont consommées comme arôme. Ils sont utilisés dans les sauces. Les gousses sont comestibles lorsqu'elles sont jeunes.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Cyperus Rotundus Linn – a Review
    International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 5, May 2013 1 ISSN 2250-3153 Medicinal uses and Pharmacological activities of Cyperus rotundus Linn – A Review Sri Ranjani Sivapalan Unit of Siddha Medicine University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka saisiva7@yahoo.co.in Abstract- Cyperus rotundus Linn belong to the family In Asian countries, the rhizomes of C. rotundus, which are used Cyperaceae. It is the world worst weed native to India. It grows as traditional folk medicines for the treatment of stomach and in small clump up to 100cm high. The extensive distribution of bowel disorders, and inflammatory diseases, have been widely, the nut-grass is due to its ability to adapt to a wide range of soil investigated [3-5]. C. rotundus is a traditional herbal medicine types, altitudes, temperatures, soil pH and moisture levels. It used widely as analgesic, sedative, antispasmodic, antimalarial, therefore grows in a variety of different habitats and stomach disorders and to relieve diarrhoea [6-7]. The tuber part environments. It has wide range of medicinal and of C. rotundus is one of the oldest known medicinal plants used pharmacological applications. According to the Ayurveda, for the treatment of dysmenorrheal and menstrual irregularities C.rotundus rhizomes are considered astringent, diaphoretic, [8-9]. Infusion of this herb has been used in pain, fever, diuretic, analgesic, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, diarrhoea, dysentery, an emmenagogue and other intestinal antitussive, emmenagogue, litholytic, sedative, stimulant, problems [10]. It is a multipurpose plant, widely used in stomachic, vermifuge, tonic and antibacterial. This paper traditional medicine around the world to treat stomach ailments, provides review on medicinal uses and various pharmacological wounds, boils and blisters [11-14].
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report Template
    Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia RIRDC Publication No. 10/223 RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia by Megan Ryan, Lindsay Bell, Richard Bennett, Margaret Collins and Heather Clarke October 2011 RIRDC Publication No. 10/223 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-000356 © 2011 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-188-4 ISSN 1440-6845 Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia Publication No. 10/223 Project No. PRJ-000356 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • 261 Comparative Morphology and Anatomy of Few Mangrove Species
    261 International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 2012, 3(1):001-017 Comparative Morphology and Anatomy of Few Mangrove Species in Sundarbans, West Bengal, India and its Adaptation to Saline Habitat Humberto Gonzalez Rodriguez1, Bholanath Mondal2, N. C. Sarkar3, A. Ramaswamy4, D. Rajkumar4 and R. K. Maiti4 1Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Carr. Nac. No. 85, Km 145, Linares, N.L. Mexico 2Department of Plant Protection, Palli Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan (731 236), West Bengal, India 3Department of Agronomy, SASRD, Nagaland University, Medziphema campus, Medziphema (PO), DImapur (797 106), India 4Vibha Seeds, Inspire, Plot#21, Sector 1, Huda Techno Enclave, High Tech City Road, Madhapur, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh (500 081), India Article History Abstract Manuscript No. 261 Mangroves cover large areas of shoreline in the tropics and subtropics where they Received in 30th January, 2012 are important components in the productivity and integrity of their ecosystems. High Received in revised form 9th February, 2012 variability is observed among the families of mangroves. Structural adaptations include Accepted in final form th4 March, 2012 pneumatophores, thick leaves, aerenhyma in root helps in surviving under flooded saline conditions. There is major inter- and intraspecific variability among mangroves. In this paper described morpho-anatomical characters helps in identification of family Correspondence to and genus and species of mangroves. Most of the genus have special type of roots which include Support roots of Rhizophora, Pnematophores of Avicennia, Sonneratia, Knee *E-mail: hgr1959@hotmail.com roots of Bruguiera, Ceriops, Buttress roots of Xylocarpus. Morpho-anatomically the leaves show xerophytic characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • Sistema De Clasificación Artificial De Las Magnoliatas Sinántropas De Cuba
    Sistema de clasificación artificial de las magnoliatas sinántropas de Cuba. Pedro Pablo Herrera Oliver Tesis doctoral de la Univerisdad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 2007 Sistema de clasificación artificial de las magnoliatas sinántropas de Cuba. Pedro Pablo Herrera Oliver PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO COOPERADO DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE: MANEJOS FORESTAL Y TURÍSTICO UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE, ESPAÑA UNIVERSIDAD DE PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA TESIS EN OPCIÓN AL GRADO CIENTÍFICO DE DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS SISTEMA DE CLASIFICACIÓN ARTIFICIAL DE LAS MAGNOLIATAS SINÁNTROPAS DE CUBA Pedro- Pabfc He.r retira Qltver CUBA 2006 Tesis doctoral de la Univerisdad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 2007 Sistema de clasificación artificial de las magnoliatas sinántropas de Cuba. Pedro Pablo Herrera Oliver PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO COOPERADO DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE: MANEJOS FORESTAL Y TURÍSTICO UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE, ESPAÑA Y UNIVERSIDAD DE PINAR DEL RÍO, CUBA TESIS EN OPCIÓN AL GRADO CIENTÍFICO DE DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS SISTEMA DE CLASIFICACIÓN ARTIFICIAL DE LAS MAGNOLIATAS SINÁNTROPAS DE CUBA ASPIRANTE: Lie. Pedro Pablo Herrera Oliver Investigador Auxiliar Centro Nacional de Biodiversidad Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática Ministerio de Ciencias, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente DIRECTORES: CUBA Dra. Nancy Esther Ricardo Ñapóles Investigador Titular Centro Nacional de Biodiversidad Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática Ministerio de Ciencias, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente ESPAÑA Dr. Andreu Bonet Jornet Piiofesjar Titular Departamento de EGdfegfe Universidad! dte Mearte CUBA 2006 Tesis doctoral de la Univerisdad de Alicante. Tesi doctoral de la Universitat d'Alacant. 2007 Sistema de clasificación artificial de las magnoliatas sinántropas de Cuba. Pedro Pablo Herrera Oliver I. INTRODUCCIÓN 1 II. ANTECEDENTES 6 2.1 Historia de los esquemas de clasificación de las especies sinántropas (1903-2005) 6 2.2 Historia del conocimiento de las plantas sinantrópicas en Cuba 14 III.
    [Show full text]
  • Group B: Grasses & Grass-Like Plants
    Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia Part 2: DESCRIPTIONS – Grasses & grass like plants GROUP B: GRASSES & GRASS-LIKE PLANTS 271 Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia Part 2: DESCRIPTIONS – Grasses & grass like plants Fig. 25. Cyperus compactus Retz. (a) Habit, (b) spikelet, (c) flower and (d) nut. 272 Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia Part 2: DESCRIPTIONS – Grasses & grass like plants CYPERACEAE 25 Cyperus compactus Retz. Synonyms : Cyperus dilutus Vahl., Cyperus grabowskianus Bolck., Cyperus luzonensis Llanos, Cyperus septatus Steud., Duraljouvea diluta Palla, Mariscus compactus Boldingh, Mariscus dilutus Nees, Mariscus microcephalus Presl., Sphaeromariscus microcephalus Camus Vernacular name(s) : Prumpungan, Jekeng, Suket (Ind.), Wampi lang (PNG), Baki-baking- pula, Durugi, Giron (Phil.). Description : A robust, perennial herb, 15-120 cm tall. Does not have stolons, and the rhizome is either very short or absent altogether. Stems are bluntly 3-angular, sometimes almost round, smooth, and with a diameter of up to 6 mm. The stem, leaves and sheath have numerous air-chambers. Leaves are 5-12 mm wide, stiff, deeply channelled, and as long as or shorter than the stem. Leaf edges and midrib are coarse towards the end of the leaf. Lower leaves are spongy and reddish-brown. Flowers are terminal and grouped in a large, up to 30 cm diameter umbrella-shaped cluster that has a reddish-brown colour. Large leaflets at the base of the flower cluster are up to 100 cm long. Spikelets (see illustration) are stemless and measure 5-15 by 1-1.5 mm. Ecology : Occurs in a variety of wetlands, including swamps, wet grasslands, coastal marshes, ditches, riverbanks, and occasionally in the landward margin of mangroves.
    [Show full text]
  • Canavalia Rosea Click on Images to Enlarge
    Species information Abo ut Reso urces Hom e A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Canavalia rosea Click on images to enlarge Family Fabaceae Scientific Name Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. Candolle, A.P. de (1825) Prodromus 2: 404. Common name Flowers. Copyright Barry Jago Bean, Beach; Coastal Jack Bean; Bean, Coastal Jacl; Bean, Mackenzie; Coastal Canavalia; Canavalia, Coastal; Beach Bean; Bean, Beach; Fire Bean; Mackenzie Bean Stem A slender vine not exceeding a stem diameter of 2 cm. Leaves Middle leaflet blade about 6.3-7 x 5-6.2 cm, stalk about 2.5-3.5 cm long, grooved on the upper surface. Lateral leaflet blades about 5.5-7.4 x 3.5-4.8 cm on stalks about 0.3-0.5 cm long. Compound leaf petiole about 3.5-5.2 cm long, grooved on the upper surface. Stipules caducous. Stipels about 2.5-3 mm long. Lateral Fruits. Copyright CSIRO veins forming loops inside the blade margin. Flowers Racemes longer than the leaves. Flowers about 20-25 mm diam. at anthesis. Calyx tube about 12-14 mm long, lobes of unequal size, about 1.6-3.5 mm long. Petals: standard about 25 mm long; wings and keel about 23 mm long. Stamens 10, all filaments +/- fused to form a tube about 15-18 mm long with free filaments projecting above the tube. Free filaments about 3-6 mm long, alternately longer and shorter. Ovary elongated, densely clothed in appressed pale (whitish) hairs.
    [Show full text]
  • Scarlet Ammannia (Ammannia Robusta) in Canada
    PROPOSED Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series Adopted under Section 44 of SARA Recovery Strategy for the Scarlet Ammannia (Ammannia robusta) in Canada Scarlet Ammannia 2014 Recommended citation: Environment Canada. 2014. Recovery Strategy for the Scarlet Ammannia (Ammannia robusta) in Canada [Proposed]. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Environment Canada, Ottawa. XXI pp. + Appendix. For copies of the recovery strategy, or for additional information on species at risk, including the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) Status Reports, residence descriptions, action plans, and other related recovery documents, please visit the Species at Risk (SAR) Public Registry (www.sararegistry.gc.ca). Cover illustration: © Emmet J. Judziewicz Également disponible en français sous le titre « Programme de rétablissement de l’ammannie robuste (Ammannia robusta) au Canada [Proposition] » © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2014. All rights reserved. ISBN Catalogue no. Content (excluding the illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. RECOVERY STRATEGY FOR THE SCARLET AMMANNIA (Ammannia robusta) IN CANADA 2014 Under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk (1996), the federal, provincial, and territorial governments agreed to work together on legislation, programs, and policies to protect wildlife species at risk throughout Canada. In the spirit of cooperation of the Accord, the Government of British Columbia has given permission to the Government of Canada to adopt the “Recovery Strategy for the scarlet ammannia (Ammannia robusta) in British Columbia and Ontario” (Part 2) under Section 44 of the Species at Risk Act (SARA).
    [Show full text]
  • Gori River Basin Substate BSAP
    A BIODIVERSITY LOG AND STRATEGY INPUT DOCUMENT FOR THE GORI RIVER BASIN WESTERN HIMALAYA ECOREGION DISTRICT PITHORAGARH, UTTARANCHAL A SUB-STATE PROCESS UNDER THE NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN INDIA BY FOUNDATION FOR ECOLOGICAL SECURITY MUNSIARI, DISTRICT PITHORAGARH, UTTARANCHAL 2003 SUBMITTED TO THE MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS GOVERNMENT OF INDIA NEW DELHI CONTENTS FOREWORD ............................................................................................................ 4 The authoring institution. ........................................................................................................... 4 The scope. .................................................................................................................................. 5 A DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA ............................................................................... 9 The landscape............................................................................................................................. 9 The People ............................................................................................................................... 10 THE BIODIVERSITY OF THE GORI RIVER BASIN. ................................................ 15 A brief description of the biodiversity values. ......................................................................... 15 Habitat and community representation in flora. .......................................................................... 15 Species richness and life-form
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 General Introduction -Like -Like ) and (Wight Derris Seem to Be Seem Like Taxa Brachypterum -Like Taxa
    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22521 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Sirichamorn, Yotsawate Title: Systematics and biogeography of Aganope, Brachypterum and Derris (Fabaceae) in Asia Issue Date: 2013-11-28 Chapter 1 General Introduction Aganope, Brachypterum and Derris: Systematics and Biogeography - Chapter 1 General Introduction One of the major problems left in the classification of tribe Millettieae of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae) concerns the Derris-like taxa. Up to now every researcher had different solutions, some would unite all taxa into a single genus, others divided them into several genera. The purpose of this thesis is to tackle the problems at various levels and from different viewpoints. The species will be defined first, after which their phylogeny based on molecular and morphological data will be inferred. The resulting phylogeny will form the basis for a new and less subjective 1 classification. Finally, the biogeographic history of the taxa will be analysed. This General Introduction introduction provides general information of palaeotropic Derris-like taxa. General morphology, ecology and utility of the Asian Derris-like taxa “Derris-like taxa” contain members of the tribe Millettieae (Fabaceae), characterized by their imparipinnate leaves with opposite leaflets and typical flat, usually winged, indehiscent pods. The plants have a pantropical distribution. According to the most recent generic circumscription proposed by Adema (2000), the Asian Derris-like taxa consist of the genera Aganope Miq., Derris Lour. [including Brachypterum (Wight & Arn.) Benth.] and Paraderris (Miq.) Geesink. Derris-like taxa are sometimes very similar because of their overlapping morphological features. Some species also show a high variation in morphological characters and a wide distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Mangrove Species of Acanthaceae Found in Indian Sundarban, As Revealed by RAPD Analysis
    Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Advances in Applied Science Research, 2015, 6(3):179-184 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC Phylogenetic relationships among the mangrove species of Acanthaceae found in Indian Sundarban, as revealed by RAPD analysis Surya Shekhar Das 1, Swati Das (Sur) 2 and Parthadeb Ghosh* 1Department of Botany, Bolpur College, Birbhum, West Bengal, India 2Department of Botany, Nabadwip Vidyasagar College, Nadia, West Bengal, India _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT RAPD markers were successfully used to identify and differentiate all the five species of Acanthaceae found in the mangrove forest of Indian Sundarban, to assess the extent of interspecific genetic diversity among them, to reveal their molecular phylogeny and to throw some light on the systematic position of Avicennia. The dendrogram reveals that the five species under study exhibits an overall similarity of 60.7%. Avicennia alba and A. officinalis (cluster C1) have very close relationship between them and share a common node in the dendrogram at a 73.3% level of similarity. Avicennia marina and Acanthus ilicifolius (cluster C2) also have close relationship between them as evident by a common node in the dendrogram at 71.8% level of similarity. Acanthus volubilis showed 68.1% similarity with cluster C1 and 60.7% similarity with cluster C2. Our study also supported the view of placing Avicennia under Acanthaceae. Regarding the relative position of Avicennia within Acanthaceae, it was shown to be very close to Acanthoideae. In comparison to other species, A. marina showed most genetic variability, suggesting utilization of this species over others for breeding programme and as source material in in situ conservation programmes.
    [Show full text]
  • C6 Noncarice Sedge
    CYPERACEAE etal Got Sedge? Part Two revised 24 May 2015. Draft from Designs On Nature; Up Your C 25 SEDGES, FOINS COUPANTS, LAÎCHES, ROUCHES, ROUCHETTES, & some mostly wet things in the sedge family. Because Bill Gates has been shown to eat footnotes (burp!, & enjoy it), footnotes are (italicized in the body of the text) for their protection. Someone who can spell caespitose only won way has know imagination. Much of the following is taken verbatim from other works, & often not credited. There is often not a way to paraphrase or rewrite habitat or descriptive information without changing the meaning. I am responsible for any mistakes in quoting or otherwise. This is a learning tool, & a continuation of an idea of my friend & former employer, Jock Ingels, LaFayette Home Nursery, who hoped to present more available information about a plant in one easily accessible place, instead of scattered though numerous sources. This is a work in perpetual progress, a personal learning tool, full uv misstakes, & written as a personal means instead of a public end. Redundant, repetitive, superfluous, & contradictory information is present. It is being consolidated. CYPERACEAE Sauergrasgewächse SEDGES, aka BIESIES, SEGGEN Formally described in 1789 by De Jussieu. The family name is derived from the genus name Cyperus, from the Greek kupeiros, meaning sedge. Many species are grass-like, being tufted, with long, thin, narrow leaves, jointed stems, & branched inflorescence of small flowers, & are horticulturally lumped with grasses as graminoids. Archer (2005) suggests the term graminoid be used for true grasses, & cyperoid be used for sedges. (If physical anthropologists have hominoids & hominids, why don’t we have graminoids & graminids?) There are approximately 104 genera, 4 subfamilies, 14 tribes, & about 5000 species worldwide, with 27 genera & 843 species in North America (Ball et al 2002).
    [Show full text]