DOCSLIB.ORG

An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Udaipur Wildlife Sanctuary, West Champaran, Bihar, India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Udaipur Wildlife Sanctuary, West Champaran, Bihar, India ISSN (Online): 2349 -1183; ISSN (Print): 2349 -9265 TROPICAL PLANT RESEARCH 7(1): 209–228, 2020 The Journal of the Society for Tropical Plant Research DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i1.027 Research article An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of the Udaipur wildlife sanctuary, West Champaran, Bihar, India Anand Kumar1, Saurabh Sachan1, Tanay Shil1 and Onkar Nath Maurya2* 1Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah-711103, West Bengal, India 2 Botanical Survey of India, CGO Complex, Salt Lake City, Kolkata-700064, West Bengal, India *Corresponding Author: [email protected] [Accepted: 17 April 2020] Abstract: The Udaipur forest was notified as a wildlife sanctuary in 1978 and is situated around the Sareyaman Lake in West Champaran district of Bihar. The sanctuary is known for the migratory birds who visit the Sareyaman Lake during the winter season. Field surveys were conducted periodically in 2017–2018 in the Sanctuary to access the plant diversity. A total of 283 taxa under 225 genera are enumerated from 71 families. It includes one species, endemic to India and two species listed in appendix-II of CITES. Poaceae is the most dominant family with high species representation, followed by Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Cyperaceae, Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Acanthaceae, Boraginaceae, Convolvulaceae and Cucurbitaceae. In addition, 23 species belonging to 23 genera and 14 families were new additions to the ‘Flora of West Champaran district, Bihar’. Keywords: Bihar - Checklist - Udaipur Wildlife Sanctuary - Vascular plants. [Cite as: Kumar A, Sachan S, Shil T & Maurya ON (2020) An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of the Udaipur wildlife sanctuary, West Champaran, Bihar, India. Tropical Plant Research 7(1): 209–228] INTRODUCTION India is one of the 18 mega diverse nations in the world in terms of biodiversity with its rich and diverse floral wealth, ranking 10th among the top 25 species rich countries. With only 2.4% of the world’s geographical area, it accounts for 7–8% of the world’s recorded plant and animal species (IUCN 2019). At present, the country has 869 protected areas, including 104 National Parks, 551 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 87 Conservation Reserves and 127 Community Reserves. In addition, 18 Biosphere Reserves, 32 Elephant Reserves and 50 Tiger Reserves are also found in India (WII 2019). Protected areas are one of the well-recognized in situ conservation methods to protect the biodiversity across the world. Bihar covers an area of 94,163 km2, of which about 7,305 km2 is under forest cover that constitutes 7.76% of total geographical area (FSI 2019). The state has 11 Wildlife Sanctuaries and a National Park (Singh & Singh 2002, WII 2019) covering about 3280 km2. Previous documentation includes enumeration of the flora of Udaipur forests from Charmparan district (Thothathri et al. 1966) and flora of West Champaran (Bhattacharya & Sarkar 1998). Moreover, new additions to the state and district flora were also published (Thothathri 1965, Singh 2005). The present survey has been conducted to study the vegetation/flora of Udaipur wildlife sanctuary, West Champaran, Bihar, India. Since, the documentation of the area was carried out 55 years ago (Thothathri et al. 1966) before its notification as Sanctuary in 1978. Therefore, the present study is one such effort to document all floral elements and assess the vascular plants diversity of the Sanctuary. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area The Udaipur forest was notified as a wildlife sanctuary in 1978 under Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (Figs. 1–3). It was earlier owned by the erstwhile Bettiah Estate with shooting facilities. The name of the sanctuary was coined in the memory of Sri Udai Singh, one of the successors of Bettiah Estate and owners of these forests before independence. The sanctuary is situated 14.5 km west of Bettiah town in the West Champaran district of www.tropicalplantresearch.com 209 Received: 07 November 2019 Published online: 30 April 2020 https://doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i1.027 Kumar et al. 2020 Bihar and lies between 26° 46'42" N to 26° 49'15" N and 84° 24'24" E to 84° 27'15" E. It is predominantly forested wetland, located on both sides of an Oxbow Lake (Sareyaman Lake) and covers an area of 8.87 km2. The soil is of immature riverain type and it is clayey, sandy loam and greyish with slightly alkaline in nature. Annual average rainfall is 1201 mm (Roy 2016). The sanctuary was created to protect the bird diversity in the area and to also conserve the ecosystem functions as it is one of the most important wetland in this highly urbanized landscape. The main attraction of the sanctuary is the Sareyaman Lake where migratory birds visit during the winter season and the lake acts as wintering sites for these migratory birds. The area is one of the recognized important bird area and a centre for conservation, education and recreation in the State. Tourists, school and college students visit the sanctuary for watching migratory bird in winter (November to March) and collecting information on floral and faunal diversity to study the ecosystem. The vegetation falls under four categories such as mixed deciduous forest, vegetation in plantation, grasslands and aquatic vegetation. Figure 1. Location map of the Udaipur wildlife sanctuary, West Champaran, Bihar, India. Figure 2. Udaipur wildlife sanctuary, West Champaran, Bihar, India. www.tropicalplantresearch.com 210 Tropical Plant Research (2020) 7(1): 209–228 Figure 3. Udaipur wildlife sanctuary, West Champaran, Bihar, India (Satellite view). Data collection Literature pertaining to the flora of Udaipur wildlife sanctuary, West Champaran district, Bihar was collected from published works prior to undertaking explorations. Specimens collected by K. Thothathri and B.V. Shetty exclusively from Udaipur forests deposited at Central National Herbarium (CAL) were studied during the present documentation. Field surveys were undertaken periodically in the sanctuary during 2017– 2018 and plant samples with flowers and fruits were collected during field surveys. The collected specimens were processed following standard herbarium techniques (Bridson & Forman 1998). Specimens were identified using national and regional floras (Hooker 1872–1897, Haines 1921–25, Hajra et al. 1995a, 1995b, Rajendran & Daniel 2002, Balakrishnan et al. 2012, Bandyopadhyay 2014) and also compared with authentic specimens deposited at CAL. A set of voucher specimens duly labelled are deposited at CAL. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016) system of classification is followed in the present documentation. The species under a family have been arranged in alphabetical order. The nomenclature of plants has been updated using Plants of the World Online (2019) and International Plant Name Index (2019). Authors of Plant Names have been given according to Brummitt & Powell (1992). RESULTS The flora comprises 283 taxa (angiosperms: 278, pteridophytes: 5) belonging to 225 genera and 71 families (Table 1). The study of literature (Thothathri 1965, Bhattacharya & Sarkar 1998, Singh et al. 2001) revealed that out of the 283 taxa, 23 species belonging to 23 genera and 14 families are new additions to the ‘Flora of West Champaran district, Bihar’. Poaceae with 31 species followed by Fabaceae (27 species), Asteraceae & Lamiaceae (15 spp. each), Cyperaceae (13 spp.), Apocynaceae & Rubiaceae (11 spp. each), Euphorbiaceae & Malvaceae (10 spp. each) and Acanthaceae, Boraginaceae, Convolvulaceae & Cucurbitaceae (7 spp. each) are the dominant families with high species representation (Fig. 4). Cyperus is the most dominant genus with 5 species, followed by Euphorbia, Fimbristylis & Solanum (4 spp. each) and Alysicarpus, Commelina, Ipomoea, Ficus and Phyllanthus (3 spp. each) (Fig. 5). An analysis on the life-form composition of the flora reveals that there are 189 herbaceous species that constitute 66.8% of flora, followed by 34 tree species (12%), 31 species of shrubs (11%) and 29 species of climbers (10.2%) (Fig. 6). Photographs of habitats and important plants have also been provided in photoplates (Figs. 7–13). Table 1. Checklist of vascular plants of the Udaipur wildlife sanctuary, West Champaran, Bihar, India. Flowering and S.N. Family/ Plants name Habit Specimens examined Fruiting NYMPHAEACEAE 1. Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f. Aug.–Dec. Herb ONM, AK & SS 85567 2. Nymphaea pubescens Willd. Sept.–Nov. Herb ONM, AK & SS 85608 PIPERACEAE 3. Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth April–Sept. Herb ONM, AK & SS 74784 www.tropicalplantresearch.com 211 Kumar et al. 2020 ANNONACEAE 4. Miliusa tomentosa (Roxb.) Finet & March–June Tree ONM, AK & SS 65570 Gagnep.* ARACEAE 5. Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Aug.–Dec. Herb ONM, AK & SS 85627 ALISMATACEAE 6. Caldesia parnassifolia (L.) Parl. May–Oct Herb K. Thothathri 9902 HYDROCHARITACEAE 7. Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle Apirl–Dec. Herb ONM, AK & SS 65582; K. Thothathri 9941 8. Najas marina L. Aug.–Sept. Herb ONM, AK & SS 65584, 85536 9. Nechamandra alternifolia (Roxb. ex Aug.–Nov. Herb ONM, AK & SS 85606 Wight) Thwaites 10. Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. Nov.–April Herb B.V. Shetty 197 POTAMOGETONACEAE 11. Potamogeton nodosus Poir. July–Sept. Herb ONM, AK & SS 65583, 85512, 85544; K. Thothathri 9939 DIOSCOREACEAE 12. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Sept.–March Climber ONM, AK & SS 85516 13. Dioscorea glabra Roxb. Sept.–Jan. Climber ONM, AK & SS 85550 ORCHIDACEAE 14. Habenaria plantaginea Lindl.* Aug.–Oct. Herb ONM, AK & SS 74776, 85515 15. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G. April–July Herb ONM, AK & SS 85529 Don HYPOXIDACEAE 16. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. April–Aug. Herb ONM, AK & SS 85530 ARECACEAE 17. Calamus tenuis Roxb. July–Dec. Shrub ONM, AK & SS 74708 18. Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. March–June Tree ONM, AK & SS 85634 COMMELINACEAE 19. Commelina benghalensis L. June–Nov. Herb ONM, AK & SS 85541 20. Commelina longifolia Lam. Aug.–Nov. Herb ONM, AK & SS 65525, 74767 21. Commelina undulata R.Br.* May–July Herb ONM, AK & SS 85578 22. Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan Aug.–Nov. Herb ONM, AK & SS 65519, 85542 PONTEDERIACEAE 23.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Energy Gardens for Small-Scale Farmers in Nepal Institutions, Species and Technology Fieldwork Report
    Energy Gardens for Small-Scale Farmers in Nepal Institutions, Species and Technology Fieldwork Report Bishnu Pariyar, Krishna K. Shrestha, Bishnu Rijal, Laxmi Raj Joshi, Kusang Tamang, Sudarshan Khanal and Punyawati Ramtel Abbreviations and Acronyms AEPC Alternative Energy Promotion Centre ANSAB Asia Pacific Network for Sustainable Bio Resources BGCI Botanical Gardens Conservation International CFUG/s Community Forestry User Group/s DFID Department of International Development, UK Government DFO District Forest Office DPR Department of Plant Resources ESON Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal ESRC Economic and Social Research Council FECOFUN Federation of Community Forestry Users Nepal FEDO Feminist Dalit Organization GHG Green House Gas GoN Government of Nepal I/NGOs International/Non-Government Organizations KATH National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories MSFP Multi Stakeholder Forestry Programme NAST Nepal Academy of Science and Technology NRs Nepalese Rupees PTA Power Trade Agreement RECAST Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University Acknowledgement We are very grateful to Department for International Development (DfID) and Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) of the United Kingdom for providing funding for this project through ESRC-DFID Development Frontiers Research Fund - Grant reference: ES/K011812/1. Executive Summary Whilst access to clean energy is considered a fundamental to improve human welfare and protect environment, yet a significant proportion of people mostly in developing lack access to
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Diversity in Neiveli Vadavadhi Karuppar Sacred Grove at Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu
    Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2013, 3(6):9-13 ISSN : 2249-7412 CODEN (USA): AJPSKY Vascular plant diversity in Neiveli Vadavadhi Karuppar Sacred Grove at Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu Jayapal J.1, Tangavelou A. C.2* and Panneerselvam A.1 1Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College, Poondi, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 2Bio-Science Research Foundation, 166/1, Gundu Salai, Moolakulam, Pondicherry _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Neiveli Vadavadhi Karuppar Sacred Grove at Thanjavur district was explored for floristic studies and reported for the first time. Totally 117 plant species belonging to 51 families and 102 genera were recorded in this grove. An important keystone species were also recorded. At present scenario, environmental awareness programme should be implemented among the local community to educate them about the ecological significances of sacred groves for the preparation Conservation and management plan to attain the sustainable biological wealth. Key words: Tamil Nadu, Sacred grove, Biodiversity Conservation, threatened plants _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Nature worship has been a key force of shaping the human attitudes towards conservation and sustainable utilization of natural resources. Such traditional practices have been invariably operating in different parts of India (Anthwal et al ., 2006). Sacred groves are the tracts of virgin forest that were left untouched by the local inhabitants, harbour rich biodiversity, and are protected by the local people due to their cultural and religious beliefs and taboos that the deities reside in them (Gadgil and Vartak, 1975; Khiewtam and Ramakrishnan, 1989; Ramakrishnan, 1996; Chandrashekara and Sankar 1998, Kanowski et al .
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Practices of Sacred Natural Sites: a Socio-Religious Approach for Successful Implementation of Primary
    Medicinal practices of sacred natural sites: a socio-religious approach for successful implementation of primary healthcare services Rajasri Ray and Avik Ray Review Correspondence Abstract Rajasri Ray*, Avik Ray Centre for studies in Ethnobiology, Biodiversity and Background: Sacred groves are model systems that Sustainability (CEiBa), Malda - 732103, West have the potential to contribute to rural healthcare Bengal, India owing to their medicinal floral diversity and strong social acceptance. *Corresponding Author: Rajasri Ray; [email protected] Methods: We examined this idea employing ethnomedicinal plants and their application Ethnobotany Research & Applications documented from sacred groves across India. A total 20:34 (2020) of 65 published documents were shortlisted for the Key words: AYUSH; Ethnomedicine; Medicinal plant; preparation of database and statistical analysis. Sacred grove; Spatial fidelity; Tropical diseases Standard ethnobotanical indices and mapping were used to capture the current trend. Background Results: A total of 1247 species from 152 families Human-nature interaction has been long entwined in has been documented for use against eighteen the history of humanity. Apart from deriving natural categories of diseases common in tropical and sub- resources, humans have a deep rooted tradition of tropical landscapes. Though the reported species venerating nature which is extensively observed are clustered around a few widely distributed across continents (Verschuuren 2010). The tradition families, 71% of them are uniquely represented from has attracted attention of researchers and policy- any single biogeographic region. The use of multiple makers for its impact on local ecological and socio- species in treating an ailment, high use value of the economic dynamics. Ethnomedicine that emanated popular plants, and cross-community similarity in from this tradition, deals health issues with nature- disease treatment reflects rich community wisdom to derived resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Alien Plants an Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent
    Invasive Alien Plants An Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent EDITED BY I.R. BHATT, J.S. SINGH, S.P. SINGH, R.S. TRIPATHI AND R.K. KOHL! 019eas Invasive Alien Plants An Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent FSC ...wesc.org MIX Paper from responsible sources `FSC C013604 CABI INVASIVE SPECIES SERIES Invasive species are plants, animals or microorganisms not native to an ecosystem, whose introduction has threatened biodiversity, food security, health or economic development. Many ecosystems are affected by invasive species and they pose one of the biggest threats to biodiversity worldwide. Globalization through increased trade, transport, travel and tour- ism will inevitably increase the intentional or accidental introduction of organisms to new environments, and it is widely predicted that climate change will further increase the threat posed by invasive species. To help control and mitigate the effects of invasive species, scien- tists need access to information that not only provides an overview of and background to the field, but also keeps them up to date with the latest research findings. This series addresses all topics relating to invasive species, including biosecurity surveil- lance, mapping and modelling, economics of invasive species and species interactions in plant invasions. Aimed at researchers, upper-level students and policy makers, titles in the series provide international coverage of topics related to invasive species, including both a synthesis of facts and discussions of future research perspectives and possible solutions. Titles Available 1.Invasive Alien Plants : An Ecological Appraisal for the Indian Subcontinent Edited by J.R. Bhatt, J.S. Singh, R.S. Tripathi, S.P.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Ornamental Climbers in Kattathurai Panchayath, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, India
    International Journal of Biology Research International Journal of Biology Research ISSN: 2455-6548 Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.biologyjournal.in Volume 3; Issue 1; January 2018; Page No. 76-78 Diversity of ornamental climbers in Kattathurai Panchayath, Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India Mary Kensa V PG Department of Botany and Research Centre, ST Hindu College, Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract Plants are remarkable source of valuable substances for human beings. These are showing variation in their habitat as well as their habit. As per climatic conditions, the plants are showing their presence in different sites. Climbing plants account for a significant component of plant evolution, diversity and abundance and play a major role in forest communities and ecosystems. The survey of angiospermic ornamental climbers from Kattathurai panchayath recorded total 48 species under 27 genera belonging to 17 families. Maximum number of 11 species was recorded for dicotyledonous family Convolvulaceae (Ipomea-11) followed by Jasminum (3), Passiflora (3), Clerodendrum (3), Allamanda (2); Campis (2); Clematis (2); Clytostoma (2); Solanum (2). Climbers in different parts of India suggest that the climbers are the main components of ecosystem, and their conservation is important to establish their appropriate utilization. The abundance of climbing plants in this study area was directly related to their capacity to intercept light efficiently but not to their potential carbon gain. The most abundant climbers in this ecosystem match well with a shade-tolerance syndrome in contrast to the pioneer-like nature of climbers observed in tropical studies. Keywords: diversity, plants, climbing plants, Jasminum Introduction objective of the present study was to document the Climbing plants are ubiquitous but their abundance and angiospermic climbers of Kattathurai panchayath.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of Grassland Plant Genetic Resources Through People Participation
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge International Grassland Congress Proceedings XXIII International Grassland Congress Conservation of Grassland Plant Genetic Resources through People Participation D. R. Malaviya Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, India Ajoy K. Roy Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, India P. Kaushal Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, India Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/23/keynote/35 The XXIII International Grassland Congress (Sustainable use of Grassland Resources for Forage Production, Biodiversity and Environmental Protection) took place in New Delhi, India from November 20 through November 24, 2015. Proceedings Editors: M. M. Roy, D. R. Malaviya, V. K. Yadav, Tejveer Singh, R. P. Sah, D. Vijay, and A. Radhakrishna Published by Range Management Society of India This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Conservation of grassland plant genetic resources through people participation D. R. Malaviya, A. K. Roy and P. Kaushal ABSTRACT Agrobiodiversity provides the foundation of all food and feed production. Hence, need of the time is to collect, evaluate and utilize the biodiversity globally available. Indian sub-continent is one of the world’s mega centers of crop origins. India possesses 166 species of agri-horticultural crops and 324 species of wild relatives.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 History of Vitaceae Inferred from Morphology-Based
    HISTORY OF VITACEAE INFERRED FROM MORPHOLOGY-BASED PHYLOGENY AND THE FOSSIL RECORD OF SEEDS By IJU CHEN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Iju Chen 2 To my parents and my sisters, 2-, 3-, 4-ju 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Dr. Steven Manchester for providing the important fossil information, sharing the beautiful images of the fossils, and reviewing the dissertation. I thank Dr. Walter Judd for providing valuable discussion. I thank Dr. Hongshan Wang, Dr. Dario de Franceschi, Dr. Mary Dettmann, and Dr. Peta Hayes for access to the paleobotanical specimens in museum collections, Dr. Kent Perkins for arranging the herbarium loans, Dr. Suhua Shi for arranging the field trip in China, and Dr. Betsy R. Jackes for lending extant Australian vitaceous seeds and arranging the field trip in Australia. This research is partially supported by National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grants award number 0608342. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................9 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................11 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Pt. 2
    Surinam (Pulle, 1906). 8. Gliricidia Kunth & Endlicher Unarmed, deciduous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd-pinnate, 1- pinnate. Inflorescence an axillary, many-flowered raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in a cupuliform, weakly 5-toothed tube; standard petal reflexed; keel incurved, the petals united. Stamens 10; 9 united by the filaments in a tube, 1 free. Fruit dehiscent, flat, narrow; seeds numerous. 1. Gliricidia sepium (Jacquin) Kunth ex Grisebach, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften, Gottingen 7: 52 (1857). MADRE DE CACAO (Surinam); ACACIA DES ANTILLES (French Guiana). Tree to 9 m; branches hairy when young; poisonous. Leaves with 4-8 pairs of leaflets; leaflets elliptical, acuminate, often dark-spotted or -blotched beneath, to 7 x 3 (-4) cm. Inflorescence to 15 cm. Petals pale purplish-pink, c.1.2 cm; standard petal marked with yellow from middle to base. Fruit narrowly oblong, somewhat woody, to 15 x 1.2 cm; seeds up to 11 per fruit. Range: Mexico to South America. Grown as an ornamental in the Botanic Gardens, Georgetown, Guyana (Index Seminum, 1982) and in French Guiana (de Granville, 1985). Grown as a shade tree in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). In tropical America this species is often interplanted with coffee and cacao trees to shade them; it is recommended for intensified utilization as a fuelwood for the humid tropics (National Academy of Sciences, 1980; Little, 1983). 9. Pterocarpus Jacquin Unarmed, nearly evergreen trees, sometimes lianas. Leaves alternate, petiolate, odd- pinnate, 1-pinnate; leaflets alternate. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal panicle or raceme. Flowers papilionaceous; sepals united in an unequally 5-toothed tube; standard and wing petals crisped (wavy); keel petals free or nearly so.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollination Ecology, Breeding System, and Conservation of Caldesia Grandis (Alismataceae), an Endangered Marsh Plant in China
    GituruBot. Bull. et al.Acad. ReproductiveSin. (2002) 43: biology 231-240 of Caldesia grandis 231 Pollination ecology, breeding system, and conservation of Caldesia grandis (Alismataceae), an endangered marsh plant in China Wahiti Robert Gituru, Qing-.eng Wang*, Yong Wang, and You-Hao Guo College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P.R. China (Received November 12, 2001; Accepted March 27, 2002) Abstract. Caldesia grandis Samuelsson is an endangered wetland herb on the brink of extinction in the vast area of Mainland China, which holds close to one eighth of the worlds vascular plant species. The pollination ecology and breeding system of C. grandis were investigated from three natural populations occurring in two wetlands near the top of Mangshan Mountain in Hunan Province, central China. The species is in flower from early July to late Sep- tember with a peak in August. The process of flower anthesis in C. grandis begins at about 10.00 am and lasts about four-and-one-quarter h. The flowers lasted ca. 5.5 h. Caldesia grandis is self-compatible; however, autogamy re- sulted in lower seed set than geitonogamy and xenogamy as well as free pollination. Both pollen viability and the seed set in open-pollinated controls at the same site were typically high (65.44% and 71.78% respectively). Mean pollen: ovule ratios in the three populations ranged from 901.75 to 931.354. No seed germination was observed, either in the field or in laboratory experiments. Propagation is achieved through turions, which commonly occur in the inflorescences. .lies (Insecta; Diptera) were the most frequent visitors to the flowers of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethno Medicinal Uses of Roots of Fourteen Species of Family
    Research & Reviews in Biotechnology & Biosciences Website: www.biotechjournal.in Review Paper Research & Reviews in BiotechnologyVolume: 7, Issue: & Biosciences 2, Year: 2020 PP: 104-119 ISSN No: 2321-8681 Ethno medicinal uses of roots of fourteen species of family Apocynaceaeby indigenous communities of India Pankaj Kumar1,2, Sumeet Gairola1,2* 1Plant Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu–180001, UT of Jammu &Kashmir, India 2Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India Article History Abstract Received: 15/11/2020 Apocynaceaeis one of the largest angiosperm familieswith numerous medicinal plant species. Plants of the family Apocynaceae are rich in Revised: 23/11/2020 toxic and medicinal secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, Accepted: 08/12/2020 triterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, steroids, lactones, sterols, and sugars lignans. Roots of family Apocynaceae are used by indigenous communities in different parts of Indiato treat many health problems. The present study aimed to review and analyzeethnomedicinal usage of raw root drugs of fourteen species of family Apocynaceae by India's indigenous communities. The http://doi.org/10.5281/zen available literature in scientific journals, edited books, floras, eFloras, odo.4308464 online databases, scientific databases, etc., was reviewed to collect information on the ethnomedicinal uses of the roots of the selected fourteen species by various indigenous communities in different parts of India. Indigenous communities used raw roots of the studied species to manage various health problems, including animal bite, asthma, boils, burn injuries, cold, constipation, cough, diabetes, dysentery, epilepsy, fever, fits, gonorrhea, hypertension, insect bite, jaundice, leprosy, leucoderma, piles, rheumatism, scorpion sting, skin disease, snakebite, stomach-ache, and wound healing.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem
    Check List 9(2): 186–207, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir PECIES S OF Mandar Nilkanth Datar 1* and P. Lakshminarasimhan 2 ISTS L (Molem) National Park, Goa, India *1 CorrespondingAgharkar Research author Institute, E-mail: G. [email protected] G. Agarkar Road, Pune - 411 004. Maharashtra, India. 2 Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. Botanic Garden, Howrah - 711 103. West Bengal, India. Abstract: Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem) National Park, the only National park in Goa, was evaluated for it’s diversity of Angiosperms. A total number of 721 wild species belonging to 119 families were documented from this protected area of which 126 are endemics. A checklist of these species is provided here. Introduction in the National Park are Laterite and Deccan trap Basalt Protected areas are most important in many ways for (Naik, 1995). Soil in most places of the National Park area conservation of biodiversity. Worldwide there are 102,102 is laterite of high and low level type formed by natural Protected Areas covering 18.8 million km2 metamorphosis and degradation of undulation rocks. network of 660 Protected Areas including 99 National Minerals like bauxite, iron and manganese are obtained Parks, 514 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 43 Conservation. India Reserves has a from these soils. The general climate of the area is tropical and 4 Community Reserves covering a total of 158,373 km2 with high percentage of humidity throughout the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen Morphology of Some Fabaceae Species from Patos De Minas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil1
    Hoehnea 45(1): 103-114, 2 tab., 57 fi g., 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-54/2017 Pollen morphology of some Fabaceae species from Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil1 Higor Antonio-Domingues 2,5, Angela Maria da Silva Corrêa2, Rubens Teixeira de Queiroz3 and Norma Aparecida Borges Bitar4 Received: 25.08.2017; accepted: 19.12.2017 ABSTRACT - (Pollen morphology of some Fabaceae species from Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil). This paper presents a palinologycal study of 16 Fabaceae species (Bauhinia variegata (L.), Caesalpinia echinata Lam., C. pulcherri- ma (L.) Sw., Calliandra surinamensis Benth., Cassia grandis L. f., Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf., Inga vera Willd., I. laurina (Sw.) Willd., Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth., M. pudica L., Myroxylon peruiferum L. f., Platypodium elegans Vogel, Poincianella pluviosa (DC.) L.P. Queiroz, Senna multijuga (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, S. polyphylla (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby and Senna trachypus (Mart. ex Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby), which occur in the Centro Universitário de Patos de Minas Campus I- UNIPAM, and in the urban area of the city. The results showed that Fabaceae is euripalinous, displaying small, medium, large and very large sized pollen grains, dispersed in monads, tetrads and polyads, 3-colporate, 3-colpate, 4-(5)-(6)-24-porate, and with psilate, rugulate, reticulate-rugulate, retipilate to striate-reticulate sexine. Keywords: Cerrado, Landscaping, Leguminosae, Palinology, Urban area RESUMO - (Morfologia polínica de algumas espécies de Fabaceae de Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil). Esse trabalho apresenta o estudo palinológico de 16 especies de Fabaceae (Bauhinia variegata (L,.), Caesalpinia echinata Lam., C.
    [Show full text]