DOCSLIB.ORG

Isolation and Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds from Plants Alexander

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Isolation and Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds from Plants Alexander Isolation and Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds from Plants Alexander L. Eaton Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Chemistry David G. I. Kingston Paul R. Carlier Richard D. Gandour Webster L. Santos September 21, 2015 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: Natural Products, Antiproliferative, Antimalarial, Anti-inflammatory, Trihydroxyalkylcyclohexenones, Diterpene, Triterpene, Bis-5-alkylresorcinol, Synthesis Isolation and Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds from Plants Alexander L. Eaton ABSTRACT As a part of a continuing search for bioactive compounds with the International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG), and in collaboration with the Natural Products Discovery Institute of the Institute for Hepatitis and Virus Research (IHVR), twelve plant extracts were investigated for their antiproliferative activity against the A2780 cell line, three plant extracts were investigated for their antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, and three plant extracts were investigated for their anti-inflammatory activity (PPAR- inhibition). Bioassay-guided fractionation of extracts led to the identification of four new antiproliferative compounds (2.1–2.3, 3.1), five new anti-inflammatory compounds (6.4a, 6.5a–b, 6.6a, 6.6c), and twenty-eight known compounds from eight of the extracts. In addition, mallotojaponin C, an antimalarial natural product, and derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their antimalarial activity. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. David G. I. Kingston, for his invaluable mentorship and encouragement. He has helped me become a better scientist and support my career goals, while being an example of a Christian leader. I would also like to thank Dr. Liva Harinantenaina, who provided mentorship and assistantship in the laboratory. He taught me the basics of natural products isolation and structure elucidation. Also, I am very grateful to Peggy Brodie for the many assays she performed and for teaching me how to perform an assay and maintain a cell line. Thank you to Dr. Maria Belen Cassera and her group for performing the antimalarial assays discussed within. Thank you to Dr. Josep Bassaganya-Riera and his group for PPAR- assays. I would also like to thank the many other collaborators who assisted with the collection, identification, and extraction of the plants investigated. This work would not have been possible without the Virginia Tech Analytical Services Department. I would also like to thank my parents for their unwavering support from across the country and Xinyan Leng for her support and encouragement. During my time at Virginia Tech I have made many friendships that I am grateful for and I hope they continue. These include those I have met in the chemistry department, at Intervarsity Christian Fellowship, and members of the Kingston group iii Table of Contents ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ xviii List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. xxii List of Schemes .......................................................................................................................... xxiv Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Importance of Natural Products ....................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Anticancer Agents ..................................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Antimalarial Agents .................................................................................................. 3 1.1.3 Anti-inflammatory Agents ........................................................................................ 6 1.2 Sources of Natural Products ............................................................................................. 8 1.2.1 Madagascar ICBG Project ........................................................................................ 8 1.2.2 Merck Collection at NPDI ........................................................................................ 8 1.3 Isolation of Bioactive Compounds ................................................................................... 9 1.3.1 Bioassay-guided Fractionation.................................................................................. 9 1.3.2 Antiproliferative Bioassay ........................................................................................ 9 1.3.3 Antimalarial Bioassay ............................................................................................. 10 1.3.4 Anti-inflammatory Bioassay ................................................................................... 11 1.3.5 Isolation Methods.................................................................................................... 11 1.3.6 Structure Elucidation .............................................................................................. 11 1.3.7 Problems ................................................................................................................. 12 1.4 Dereplication Strategies ................................................................................................. 12 1.4.1 Development of Dereplication ................................................................................ 12 iv 1.4.2 Solid Phase Extraction ............................................................................................ 12 1.4.3 Mass Spectrometry.................................................................................................. 13 1.4.4 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ........................................................... 14 1.4.5 High Performance Liquid Chromatography ........................................................... 17 1.4.6 HPLC Detection Methods ....................................................................................... 19 1.4.7 Database Searches ................................................................................................... 22 1.5 Synthetic Approaches ..................................................................................................... 23 1.6 References ...................................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 2: Antiproliferative Trihydroxyalkylcyclohexenones from Pleiogynium timoriense ..... 36 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 36 2.1.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................... 36 2.1.2 Author Contributions .............................................................................................. 37 2.1.3 Previous Investigations of Pleiogynium timoriense ................................................ 37 2.1.4 Chemical Investigation of Pleiogynium timoriense ................................................ 37 2.2 Results and Discussion ................................................................................................... 38 2.2.1 Isolation of Compounds from Pleiogynium timoriense .......................................... 38 2.2.2 Structure Elucidation .............................................................................................. 39 2.2.3 Antiproliferative Activity........................................................................................ 44 2.3 Experimental Section ..................................................................................................... 44 2.3.1 General Experimental Procedures ........................................................................... 44 2.3.2 Plant Material .......................................................................................................... 45 2.3.3 Extraction and Isolation .......................................................................................... 45 2.3.4 Antiproliferative Bioassay ...................................................................................... 45 2.3.5 Spectroscopic Properties ......................................................................................... 46 2.4 References ...................................................................................................................... 49 v Chapter 3: Bioactive Diterpene Glycosides from Molinaea retusa from the Madagascar Dry Forest ....................................................................................................................................................... 53 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 53 3.1.1 Abstract ..................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Toward a Resolution of Campanulid Phylogeny, with Special Reference to the Placement of Dipsacales
    TAXON 57 (1) • February 2008: 53–65 Winkworth & al. • Campanulid phylogeny MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS Toward a resolution of Campanulid phylogeny, with special reference to the placement of Dipsacales Richard C. Winkworth1,2, Johannes Lundberg3 & Michael J. Donoghue4 1 Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11461–CEP 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. [email protected] (author for correspondence) 2 Current address: School of Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Private Bag, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji 3 Department of Phanerogamic Botany, The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden 4 Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, U.S.A. Broad-scale phylogenetic analyses of the angiosperms and of the Asteridae have failed to confidently resolve relationships among the major lineages of the campanulid Asteridae (i.e., the euasterid II of APG II, 2003). To address this problem we assembled presently available sequences for a core set of 50 taxa, representing the diver- sity of the four largest lineages (Apiales, Aquifoliales, Asterales, Dipsacales) as well as the smaller “unplaced” groups (e.g., Bruniaceae, Paracryphiaceae, Columelliaceae). We constructed four data matrices for phylogenetic analysis: a chloroplast coding matrix (atpB, matK, ndhF, rbcL), a chloroplast non-coding matrix (rps16 intron, trnT-F region, trnV-atpE IGS), a combined chloroplast dataset (all seven chloroplast regions), and a combined genome matrix (seven chloroplast regions plus 18S and 26S rDNA). Bayesian analyses of these datasets using mixed substitution models produced often well-resolved and supported trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Lemur News 7 (2002).Pdf
    Lemur News Vol. 7, 2002 Page 1 Conservation International’s President EDITORIAL Awarded Brazil’s Highest Honor In recognition of his years of conservation work in Brazil, CI President Russell Mittermeier was awarded the National Are you in favor of conservation? Do you know how conser- Order of the Southern Cross by the Brazilian government. vation is viewed by the academic world? I raise these ques- Dr. Mittermeier received the award on August 29, 2001 at tions because they are central to current issues facing pri- the Brazilian Ambassador's residence in Washington, DC. matology in general and prosimians specifically. The National Order of the Southern Cross was created in The Duke University Primate Center is in danger of being 1922 to recognize the merits of individuals who have helped closed because it is associated with conservation. An inter- to strengthen Brazil's relations with the international com- nal university review in 2001 stated that the Center was too munity. The award is the highest given to a foreign national focused on conservation and not enough on research. The re- for service in Brazil. viewers were all researchers from the "hard" sciences, but For the past three decades, Mittermeier has been a leader in they perceived conservation to be a negative. The Duke ad- promoting biodiversity conservation in Brazil and has con- ministration had similar views and wanted more emphasis ducted numerous studies on primates and other fauna in the on research and less on conservation. The new Director has country. During his time with the World Wildlife Fund three years to make that happen.
    [Show full text]
  • Volatile Constituents and Cytotoxic Activity of the Fruits of Pleiogynium Timorense (Dc.) Leenh
    Journal(of(Materials(and(( J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 2018, Volume 9, Issue 8, Page 2274-2279 Environmental(Sciences( ISSN(:(2028;2508( CODEN(:(JMESCN( Copyright(©(2018,((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( http://www.jmaterenvironsci.com! University(of(Mohammed(Premier(((((( (Oujda(Morocco Volatile Constituents and Cytotoxic Activity of the Fruits of Pleiogynium timorense (Dc.) Leenh. 1 2 1,3 1* 4 2 A. Said , E.A. Omer , M. A. M. El Gendy , G . Fawzy , A. E. Abd EL-Kader , R. Fouad 1Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza,12622, Egypt. 2 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt 3 Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Denistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 4Department of Chemical Engineering and Pilot Laboratory, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. Received 14 Jun 2017, Abstract Revised 02 Oct 2017, The volatile constituents which obtained from fresh fruits of Pleiogynium Accepted 10 Oct 2017 timorense(Dc.) Leenh (Anacardiaceae) by hydro-distillation method were Keywords investigated by Gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass !! Pleiogynium timorense; spectrometry. Twenty seven compounds were identified representing 98.6% !! D-Limonene; of the total oils. D-Limonene was the major oil constituent (64.51 %), !! Cytotoxic; followed by γ-Terpinene (5.60%), while, α-Copaene and trans- !! Gambozia; Caryophyllene showed the same percentage (4.74 %). In addition, !! volatile constituents; phytochemical screening, proximate analysis, total phenolic and total !! Anacardiaceae flavonoid contents of the fruits were determined. Furthermore, the volatile Gehan F. Abdel Raoof constituents showed a cytotoxic effect against breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 [email protected], and laryngeal carcinoma HEp2 human tumor cell lines and a moderate [email protected] +201223417848 cytotoxic effect on human hepatoma HepG2 cells.
    [Show full text]
  • Flowering Plants Eudicots Apiales, Gentianales (Except Rubiaceae)
    Edited by K. Kubitzki Volume XV Flowering Plants Eudicots Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae) Joachim W. Kadereit · Volker Bittrich (Eds.) THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF VASCULAR PLANTS Edited by K. Kubitzki For further volumes see list at the end of the book and: http://www.springer.com/series/1306 The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants Edited by K. Kubitzki Flowering Plants Á Eudicots XV Apiales, Gentianales (except Rubiaceae) Volume Editors: Joachim W. Kadereit • Volker Bittrich With 85 Figures Editors Joachim W. Kadereit Volker Bittrich Johannes Gutenberg Campinas Universita¨t Mainz Brazil Mainz Germany Series Editor Prof. Dr. Klaus Kubitzki Universita¨t Hamburg Biozentrum Klein-Flottbek und Botanischer Garten 22609 Hamburg Germany The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants ISBN 978-3-319-93604-8 ISBN 978-3-319-93605-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93605-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018961008 # Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
    [Show full text]
  • Wetlands of the Townsville Area
    A Final Report to the Townsville City Council WETLANDS OF THE TOWNSVILLE AREA ACTFR Report 96/28 25 November 1996 Prepared by G. Lukacs of the Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville Q 4811 Telephone (077 814262 Facsimile (077) 815589 Wetlands of the TCC LGA: Report No.96/28 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Wetlands and the Community............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 The Wetlands of the Townsville Region ............................................................................................. 1 1.3 Values and Functions of Wetlands..................................................................................................... 3 2. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Mapping ............................................................................................................................................. 4 2.3 Classification ..................................................................................................................................... 5 2.4 Sampling............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary History of Floral Key Innovations in Angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes
    Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes To cite this version: Elisabeth Reyes. Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms. Botanics. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2016. English. NNT : 2016SACLS489. tel-01443353 HAL Id: tel-01443353 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01443353 Submitted on 23 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2016SACLS489 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de Doctorat : Biologie Par Mme Elisabeth Reyes Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Thèse présentée et soutenue à Orsay, le 13 décembre 2016 : Composition du Jury : M. Ronse de Craene, Louis Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux d’Édimbourg M. Forest, Félix Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux de Kew Mme. Damerval, Catherine Directrice de recherche au Moulon Président du jury M. Lowry, Porter Curateur en chef aux Jardins Examinateur Botaniques du Missouri M. Haevermans, Thomas Maître de conférences au MNHN Examinateur Mme. Nadot, Sophie Professeur à l’Université Paris-Sud Directeur de thèse M.
    [Show full text]
  • Dry Forest Trees of Madagascar
    The Red List of Dry Forest Trees of Madagascar Emily Beech, Malin Rivers, Sylvie Andriambololonera, Faranirina Lantoarisoa, Helene Ralimanana, Solofo Rakotoarisoa, Aro Vonjy Ramarosandratana, Megan Barstow, Katharine Davies, Ryan Hills, Kate Marfleet & Vololoniaina Jeannoda Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK. © 2020 Botanic Gardens Conservation International ISBN-10: 978-1-905164-75-2 ISBN-13: 978-1-905164-75-2 Reproduction of any part of the publication for educational, conservation and other non-profit purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. Recommended citation: Beech, E., Rivers, M., Andriambololonera, S., Lantoarisoa, F., Ralimanana, H., Rakotoarisoa, S., Ramarosandratana, A.V., Barstow, M., Davies, K., Hills, BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) R., Marfleet, K. and Jeannoda, V. (2020). Red List of is the world’s largest plant conservation network, comprising more than Dry Forest Trees of Madagascar. BGCI. Richmond, UK. 500 botanic gardens in over 100 countries, and provides the secretariat to AUTHORS the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. BGCI was established in 1987 Sylvie Andriambololonera and and is a registered charity with offices in the UK, US, China and Kenya. Faranirina Lantoarisoa: Missouri Botanical Garden Madagascar Program Helene Ralimanana and Solofo Rakotoarisoa: Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre Aro Vonjy Ramarosandratana: University of Antananarivo (Plant Biology and Ecology Department) THE IUCN/SSC GLOBAL TREE SPECIALIST GROUP (GTSG) forms part of the Species Survival Commission’s network of over 7,000 Emily Beech, Megan Barstow, Katharine Davies, Ryan Hills, Kate Marfleet and Malin Rivers: BGCI volunteers working to stop the loss of plants, animals and their habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancistrocladaceae
    Soltis et al—American Journal of Botany 98(4):704-730. 2011. – Data Supplement S2 – page 1 Soltis, Douglas E., Stephen A. Smith, Nico Cellinese, Kenneth J. Wurdack, David C. Tank, Samuel F. Brockington, Nancy F. Refulio-Rodriguez, Jay B. Walker, Michael J. Moore, Barbara S. Carlsward, Charles D. Bell, Maribeth Latvis, Sunny Crawley, Chelsea Black, Diaga Diouf, Zhenxiang Xi, Catherine A. Rushworth, Matthew A. Gitzendanner, Kenneth J. Sytsma, Yin-Long Qiu, Khidir W. Hilu, Charles C. Davis, Michael J. Sanderson, Reed S. Beaman, Richard G. Olmstead, Walter S. Judd, Michael J. Donoghue, and Pamela S. Soltis. Angiosperm phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa. American Journal of Botany 98(4): 704-730. Appendix S2. The maximum likelihood majority-rule consensus from the 17-gene analysis shown as a phylogram with mtDNA included for Polyosma. Names of the orders and families follow APG III (2009); other names follow Cantino et al. (2007). Numbers above branches are bootstrap percentages. 67 Acalypha Spathiostemon 100 Ricinus 97 100 Dalechampia Lasiocroton 100 100 Conceveiba Homalanthus 96 Hura Euphorbia 88 Pimelodendron 100 Trigonostemon Euphorbiaceae Codiaeum (incl. Peraceae) 100 Croton Hevea Manihot 10083 Moultonianthus Suregada 98 81 Tetrorchidium Omphalea 100 Endospermum Neoscortechinia 100 98 Pera Clutia Pogonophora 99 Cespedesia Sauvagesia 99 Luxemburgia Ochna Ochnaceae 100 100 53 Quiina Touroulia Medusagyne Caryocar Caryocaraceae 100 Chrysobalanus 100 Atuna Chrysobalananaceae 100 100 Licania Hirtella 100 Euphronia Euphroniaceae 100 Dichapetalum 100
    [Show full text]
  • GUIDE DES PLANTES D'ambalabe Vol. 1
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261992930 GUIDE DES PLANTES D'AMBALABE Vol. 1 Book · May 2013 CITATIONS READS 0 593 8 authors, including: Nivo H. Rakotoarivelo Fortunat Rakotoarivony Missouri Botanical Garden Missouri Botanical Garden 12 PUBLICATIONS 56 CITATIONS 13 PUBLICATIONS 46 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Alyse Kuhlman Rainer W Bussmann Washington University in St. Louis Missouri Botanical Garden 21 PUBLICATIONS 200 CITATIONS 643 PUBLICATIONS 3,722 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Ethnobotany and livelihoods in Madagascar and Eastern Africa View project Traditional knowledge in a changing world - new insights from the Chacobo in Bolivia View project All content following this page was uploaded by Rainer W Bussmann on 01 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The William L. Brown Center GUIDE DES PLANTES D’AMBALABE Vol. 1 Missouri Botanical Garden Madagascar Programme de Recherche et de Conservaion William L. Brown Center 2013 The William L. Brown Center GUIDE DES PLANTES D’AMBALABE Vol. 1 NIVO H. RAKOTOARIVELO, AINA A. RAZANATSIMA FORTUNAT RAKOTOARIVONY, ALYSE KUHLMAN SYLVIE ANDRIAMBOLOLONERA RONDRO H. RAMANANJANAHARY ARMAND RANDRIANASOLO, RAINER W. BUSSMANN Avec la contribuion de : Tefy H. Andriamihajarivo, Soafara N. Andrianarivelo, Marin W. Callmander, Cynthia Hong-Wa, Porter P. Lowry II, Nadiah V. Manjato, Peter B. Phillipson, Marina N. Rabarimanarivo, Nivo Rakotonirina, Ando M. Ramahefaharivelo, Ornella C. Randriambololomamonjy, Tabita N. Randrianarivony, Noromalala Ravololomanana, Zachary Rogers, George E. Schatz Missouri Botanical Garden Madagascar Programme de Recherche et de Conservaion William L.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Birmingham How Deep Is the Conflict Between Molecular And
    University of Birmingham How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms? Coiro, Mario; Doyle, James A.; Hilton, Jason DOI: 10.1111/nph.15708 License: None: All rights reserved Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): Coiro, M, Doyle, JA & Hilton, J 2019, 'How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?', New Phytologist, vol. 223, no. 1, pp. 83-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15708 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: Checked for eligibility 14/01/2019 This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Coiro, M. , Doyle, J. A. and Hilton, J. (2019), How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?. New Phytol. , which has been published in final form at doi:10.1111/nph.15708. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research.
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Fiji: the State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources
    REPUBLIC OF FIJI This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, The Report on the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources. The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by FAO in the document Guidelines for Preparation of Country Reports for the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources (2010). These guidelines set out recommendations for the objective, scope and structure of the country reports. Countries were requested to consider the current state of knowledge of forest genetic diversity, including: Between and within species diversity List of priority species; their roles and values and importance List of threatened/endangered species Threats, opportunities and challenges for the conservation, use and development of forest genetic resources These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents. The report is presented on www. fao.org/documents as supportive and contextual information to be used in conjunction with other documentation on world forest genetic resources. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained in this report. STATE OF THE FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES IN FIJI Department of Forests Ministry of Fisheries and Forests for The Republic of Fiji Islands and the Secreatriat of Pacific Communities (SPC) State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents Executve Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 5 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 6 Chapter 1: The Current State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji ………………………………………………………………….…….
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    Updated July 15, 2021 Curriculum Vitae GREGORY M. PLUNKETT ADDRESS: New York Botanical Garden Phone: (718) 817-8179 2900 Southern Blvd. FAX: (718) 817-8101 Bronx, NY 10458-5126 e-mail: [email protected] BIRTH DATE: February 21, 1965. Bayonne, New Jersey, USA EDUCATION: Ph.D. (Botany), Washington State University (D.E. Soltis, advisor). 1994. M.A. (Biology), The College of William and Mary in Virginia (G.W. Hall, advisor). 1990. B.S. (Biology), The College of William and Mary in Virginia. 1987. CURRENT POSITION: Director & Curator, Program for Molecular Systematics, New York Botanical Garden. PAST FACULTY POSITIONS Professor of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University. 2008–2009. Associate Professor of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University. 2002–2008. Assistant Professor of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University. 1996–2002. CURRENT AFFILIATED POSITIONS: Affiliate Professor of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University. 2009–present. Adjunct Professor of Plant Sciences, The Graduate Center, City University of New York. 2009–present. Adjunct Faculty, Fordham University. 2014–present. Research Associate, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. 2002–present. OTHER PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Curator, Herbarium of Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). 1996–2009. Graduate Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, VCU. 1998–2009. Fellow, Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, VCU. 2002–2009. Visiting Curator/Professeur, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 2004, 2005. Visiting Scientist, University of the South Pacific,
    [Show full text]